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P)Ital Attached to Hiis Such Foo(Dstuffs As the Potato, the Currant, the Tomato, Service for Observa- the Apple, and -Other Vegetable Products

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P)Ital Attached to Hiis Such Foo(Dstuffs As the Potato, the Currant, the Tomato, Service for Observa- the Apple, and -Other Vegetable Products 402 AUG. 29, 1931 ROBERT MACNEIL BUCHANAN r THiE BRITISH culture media. The speedy growth of applied bacterio- Peter Lowe, who founded the Faculty in 1599, himself logy caused this department to assume a mnore and more held an official post as suirgeon to the corporationi. On prominent place in public health and prevention of the occasion of the Pasteur Centenary in 1922, DI. disease, until, under his guidance, there arose that impor- Buchanan was asked to deliver an oratiotn on Pasteur at tanit departmenit where a great variety of scientific duties the request of the Royal Philosophical Society. is now performedl on behalf of the corporation and the Dr. Buchanan took great interest in the work of the public. One of his first important duties was in connexioni British MIedical Association ; he was chlairman- of the with the outbreak of plague in 1900-1, when he was Glasgow North-Western Division from 1925 to 1927, anid associate(d with the professor of pathology in discovering, president of the Glasgow anid NVest of Scotland B3ranch after long an(l tedious search, the source of plague in the in 1928-29. He was also a representative of the Glasgow rats which infested a particular area of the city. Dr. Division in tihe Representative Body for 1929-30, an(d Buchanlan himself demonstrated the presence of the president of the Sectioni of Microbiology (inicluding plague bacillus in the rat flea. He was thus able to Bacteriology) when the Associationi held its Anniiual assist in coping with thie spread of this serious disease, MIeeting in Glasgow in 1922. which might have involved the city in more disastrous Although he retired froin the services of the Corporation consequences than it actually did. He took the extreme of Glasgow in November, 19:30, his colleagues had looked risk of performing the necessary post-mortems without forward to availing themselves of his exceptioinal and the aid of gloves, which were of so coarse a texture as to specialized knowledge for inany years. I-lis services to hamper the delicate mnanipulations necessary, a proceeding the city, love for his work, and the prominent position which called forth a protest from a Germani scientist who he occupied by virtue both of his office and of the was watching him: " Gott bewahr, Herr Doktor." universal esteem in which he was held by his fellows, are Another of his achievements was the eradication of a measure of the loss which the .city of Glasgow has glanders from the horses of the tramway department, sustained by his deatlh. He was a man of charming and the laboratory contains the finest series of specimens personiality, and ever willing to assist his younger of this affection in the country. He was called upon to colleaguies. Deep sympathy is extended to his widow in deal with many epidemics, suich as that of cerebro-spinal her bereavement. fever in 1906, and various outbreaks of typhoid fever. [LThe photograph reproduced is by T. and R. Annan and Sons, His laboratory also performs a great variety of routine (G;sLsowv.] investigations, ranging froln the examination of milk and Loch Katritie water to the diagnosis of insect pests, of GROUP CAPTAIN MART'IN FLACK, C.B.E., which there are about sixty different species to be found I\I.A.OXON., 'M.B., B.CII.OXON. in the vicinity. Group Captain Martin Flack, director of the department In addition to his bacteriological work, one of the chief of medical research for the Air Miniistry, died in the Royal features of Dr. Buchanani's activities was his interest in Air Force Hospital, Hallton, oni Auiguist 16tth, in hiis .comparative pathology. He made it mainifest in 1922 fiftieth year. Four that much gain could be expected from the correlation of motths ago he disease processes in maan and in the lower forms of life. became stubject to His interests in this respect led him into such questions Attacks of py)rexia as the diseases associated with the vegetable and animal of obscure origin an(1d world-diseases of great economic importance-such as entered the chief lhos- the blights affecting various fruits, and the diseases of p)ital attached to hiis such foo(dstuffs as the potato, the currant, the tomato, Service for observa- the apple, and -other vegetable products. Dr. Buchanan tion anid treatnment. also showed for many years a strong liking for the study hlis illness prove(d to of the insect world. This study was of int.erest to him be a formii of septic- both because of its intrinisic appeal and becauise of the aeinia, an(l, in spite serious economnic loss entailed by the destructive activities of the skilled attenl- of many inisects. His wide knowledge of the life-histories tion and the lovillng of insects was consequently of great value, and his advice care of hiis colleagues, was commonly sought from all over the country with wxho were deeply regard to their ideentification, their habits, and the methods attached to him, and to be adopted for their exterm-yination. For a number of the application of years he had been greatly initerested in the causation of the best means avail- grass sickness in horses, because of its similarity to able, he ultimately encephalitis in man. The museum which he instituted succumbed-in spite in the laboratory has proved of the utmost value to of great natural sanitarians and of unfailing interest to lay visitors. Dr. stjength of body and will to his malady. He did mnuch Buchanan published nuimerous papers dealing with his that will be remembere(1 both for in-e(licilie anid for Ille particular subjects, and had been, in fact, accumulating Service to whiich lhe w'as attziclid. To hiim wsas enltrusted material for a book. dealing with one particular aspect the responsible task of estaiblishing a research sertce of the many he had stucdied durinig hiis long experience. under the Director-General of the medical departmeint of On the more personal side, Dr. Buchanan was held in the Roval Air Force in the later - ears of the great war. the very highest esteem by his colleagues in the medical Martin Flack was bornl in the village of Borden, Kent, profession. In 1925 he received the highest honour which and had to make his own way in life. Scholarships and the profession, in its own city, has in its power to bestow, home help carried him to Keble College, Oxford, which the Presidency of the Royal Faculty of Physicians and he entered as science exchibitioner in 1901, being then Surgeons. He occupied this post with distinction for 19 vears of age. Applying himself to medical sul)jects, he two years, during which he was called upon to organize came under the influence of Professor Arthur Thlomson the celebrations in conlnexion with the Lister Centenary, and the late Professor Francis Gotch, from whom he high duties which he performed with dignity and success. imbibed the spirit of inquiry. One other man had a In this appointment history has exemplified its habit of profound influence on hiin-as on many Oxford men- repeatinlg itself, though afteAr a lon1g interval, for Maister the late WVilliamn Hatchett Jackson, a Fellow of Keble AUG. 29, 1931 MARTIN FLACK [ TIlEBRITISI 403 IMEDICAL JOURNAL 2 and Radcliffe Librarian. Jackson taught him how a good were being conducted there. He wrote the article on the life should be spent. heart for Hill's Further Advances in Physiology (1909); In 1905, having taken his B.A. degree, he entered contributed, in conjunction with Professor J. J. Macleod, the London Hospital, obtaining the Price Scholarship, the article on physiological chemistry to Pembrey's Although his work lay in the hospital, hiis scientific in- Practical Physiology (1910); and wrote, in partnership cniiatioils took him frequently to its mnedical college, with Sir Leonard Hill, A Textbook of Physiology (pub- where his great natural abilities were recognized by Sir lished in 1919). In 1915 he was awarded the Radcliffe Leonard Hill, then lecturer on physiology, and by Sir Prize by Oxford University. At this time Sir Leonard Arthur Keith, who taught anatomy in the college of the Hill was called on to establish a department of applied London Hospital. At that time Sir Arthur Keith was physiology for the Medical Research Council. Flack making an inquiry inito the arrangement of the muLscula- accompanied his chief to Mount Vernon, and it was while ture round the venous orifice of the auricular chambers so engaged that he was appointed to take charge of the of the heart, and was joined by Flack in this inquiry. department of medical research, which the Air Ministry In the following year (1906),- Tawara aninouniced his had established under the Director-General of the Medical discovery of a systemii of conducting musculature between Service of the Royal Air Force. tne auricles and ventricles of the mammalian heart. No happier choice could have been made. He threw all Keith and Flack 4t once verified the truth of Tawara's his energies into his newv office. The problems he had to discovery and set out to trace the evolution of the solve were of two kin-ds: what were the causes which had mammalian auriculo-ventricular connecting system from led to the breakdown, both in body and in mind, of the simpler arrangement found in the hearts of lower experienced flyers? how could candidates for the Royal vertebrates, and also to ascertain if in the region where Air Force who were constitutionally unfit for flying be the heart beat was believed to begin-namely, at the detected? His training in physiology and his experience termination of the superior vena cava in the right auricle as an investigator stood him in good stead.
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