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PHARMANEST an International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences P a g e | 2528 eISSN: 2231-0541 CAS CODEN: PHARN8 An EMBASE, EMCare Covered Journal PHARMANEST An International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences Volume 5|Issue 6|November-December 2014|Pages 2528-2531 Original Research Paper THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STUDIES ON WATER QUALITY OF WYRA RESERVOIR, KHAMMAM DISTRICT, TELANGANA, INDIA a,bJOHN MOHAMMAD. M*, cP.V. KRISHNA a Department of Environmental studies, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjunanagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. bDepartment of Humanities and science, Bomma Institute of Technology &Science, Khammam- 507 318,Telangana, India. cDepartment of Zoology & Aquaculture, Acharya Nagarjuna University,Nagarjunanagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. Author for Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 04-09-2014 Revised: 08-10-2014 Accepted: 19-10-2014 Available online: 10-11-2014 ABSTRACT The present study dealt with assessment of the physico –chemical characteristic of Wyra reservoir of Khammam district, Telangana, India. Monthly changes in physico-chemical parameters were analyzed for a period of one year from 2010 January to December. The results revealed that there were significant seasonal fluctuations in some physico- chemical parameters and most of the parameters were permissible limits and indicted better quality of reservoir water. It has been found that the water is best for drinking purpose in winter and summer seasons, it can be used for irrigation and pisciculture. Key Words: Physico-chemical, Wyra reservoir, Pisciculture. INTRODUCTION Water is one of the most abundantly available substances in nature, covering more than 70 percent chemical parameters of water bodies. Impacted of the earth’s surface. Water resources are of critical changes in the quality of water are reflected in the importance to both natural ecosystem and human biotic community structure, with the vulnerable development. Water is used for domestic purposes dying, while the most sensitive species act as for cleaning, cooking, bathing, and carrying away indicators of water quality. Wyra reservoir being an wastes, and in agriculture for irrigation, power important ecological site, this study is aimed at generation, industries, navigation, recreation and providing useful inputs and necessary for the many other reasons. The healthy aquatic ecosystem management of the environmental aspects of the is dependend on the physic-chemical and biological many multi-purpose lakes and reservoirs. Hence, the characterstics1. On the planet, water is continuously present study was conducted too reveled out the moving through the cycle involving evaporation, pollution status of reservoir in terms of physico- precipitation, and runoff to the sea, thus influencing chemical characteristics of Wyra reservoir for a the earth’s climate. Many researches are being period of January -2010 to December -2010. carried out till present (Rajesh et al 2002, MATERIALS AND METHODS Anilakumary et al., 2007; Damotharan et al., 2010; Study area Prasanna and Ranjan, 2010)2-4. Water of good To evaluate the water quality an effort was made to quality is required for living organisms. In last two investigate the water in wyra reservoir, Khammam decades, there has been a growing necessity for district, Telengana, India. It lies between North conservation our resources, especially water. At the latitude 17° 11΄ and East longitude 80° 22΄ the total same time, growing populations, progressive catchment area of 19.14 sq.km. The climatic industrialization and intensification of agriculture conditions of the study area with hot summer, cool have led to increased pollution of surface waters. winter and rainy season. The region gets much This induces ecological imbalance, deleterious for rainfall from south west monsoon. The place gets sustained development of fisheries resources most of its rain fall from June to September during Nevertheless, an increasing number of specially the monsoon generally highest rainfall observed in created environmental agencies are being assigned the month of June during the study period. The the task of conserving water quality for all use within average rainfall of this study area is 793.06mm. The one river or lake basin. Water quality monitoring is reservoir water is used for drinking, agriculture, of immense importance in the conservation of water boating (recreation) and supports fish culture. resources for fisheries, water supply and other activities; it involves the assessment of physico- PHARMANEST - An International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences Volume 5|Issue 6| November-December 2014 Available online: http://www.pharmanest.net P a g e | 2529 Fig.Map of the study area showing Wyra reservoir Collection of sample The physico-chemical parameters such as In order to determine the water quality, water temperature, pH, DO, organic and inorganic samples collected from the Wyra reservoir during constituents play an important role in determining January –December 2010 in the first week of every the nature and pattern of fluctuations of population month. Some of the results were recorded in the densities of zoo plankton in an aquatic environment. laboratory, according to APHA in 2005 and Kodrakar The physico-chemical analysis of water is the prime et al, 20085. considerations to access the water quality for its best Statistical analysis utilization like drinking, irrigation, industrial fisheries All the Statistical analyses were carried out using purpose and helpful in the understanding the SPSS for windows release 10.0. The season wise complex process interaction between the climatic and grouped data were used to calculate Student- biological process in the water. The physico-chemical Newmen-Keuls test (this is the one way ANOVA post parameters of water and dependence of all life hoc non parametric test, for making comparision process of these factors make it desirable to take among the means of three different seasons). water has environment. Therefore any change in any RESULTS AND DISCUSSION one of the factor directly or indirectly influence the The monthly variation in physico-chemical other parameters. parameters was presented in Table.1. Table.1.The monthly variation of physico-chemical parameters of wyra reservoir January-December 2010 PHARMANEST - An International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences Volume 5|Issue 6| November-December 2014 Available online: http://www.pharmanest.net P a g e | 2530 salts of calcium and magnesium or sulphate chloride 1. Atmospheric temperature or other anions of mineral acids. The above higher Temperature is a primary environmental factor that values may be due to increased concentration of affects and governs the biological activities and these ions. Hardness is inversely proportional to solubility of gases in water. Owing to the gases in water volume and directly proportional to rate of air, humidity, dust and other colloidal particles, the evaporation. When the concentration of calcium and air temperature is always higher than water magnesium ions is less than 40 ppm, it is considered temperature. The Atmospheric temperature of Wyra as soft water and if the concentration is greater than ranged from 22.8°C to 33.5°C in different seasons. 40ppm it is hard water. Hujare (2008)15 reported Variation in the air and surface water temperatures total hardness was high during summer than rainy are due to changing seasons. The temperature season and winter season. directly influences some of chemical reactions in 7. Electro conductivity aquatic eco systems and it is important physical The electrical conductivity of water depends upon parameter (Jakhar and Rawat, 2003)6. ions present in water. It reflects the 2. Water temperature Nutrient status of water and distribution of Temprature is basically important parameters and Macrophytes. In the present study, the EC values affects on the chemical and biological in the ranged from 525 to 661 mmho. The overall mean organisms of water (Trivedi and Goel, 1986)7. The record was 593.75 mmho. The seasonal variation of temperature of reservoir water ranged from 21°C to the conductivity in the present study may be due to 31.5°C in different seasons. The water temperature the insufficient inflows of freshwater, discharge of silt is always lower than air temperature. The reason for and salts from the surrounding agricultural fields as higher temperature values can be attributed to low well as the discharge of domestic effluents. Das water level, low velocity, clear atmosphere and (2000)16 studied the limno-chemistry of some greater solar radiation while its lower values can be important reservoirs of Andhra Pradesh and observed explained due to frequent clouds, high percentage of that specific conductivity was in the range of 316 to humidity, high current velocity and high water levels. 610 ms/cm. High seasonal variations were observed at different 8. Total Dissolved Solids sites of reservoir. The water temperature was high Dissolved solids are important in drinking water and due to the low water levels and high air other water qulity standards. Water probability temperatures. Sharma et.al, (2000)8 observed that depends on the total dissolved solids. Total dissolved water temperature fluctuate between 21°C to 29°C solids value ranged from 338 to 452 mg/l in different during limnological studies of Udaipur lakes. Water seasons. Similar values of TDS are reported by Rao temperature plays an important role which influences et al (2003)17, Kirubavathi et al (2005)18. The TDS chemical, biological characteristics
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