Available Online at http://www.recentscientific.com International Journal of CODEN: IJRSFP (USA) Recent Scientific International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 11, Issue, 02(A), pp. 37231-37234, February, 2020 ISSN: 0976-3031 DOI: 10.24327/IJRSR Research Article BIOMONITORING OF SAROORNAGAR LAKE WITH REFERENCE TO WATER QUALITY Padma Priya K T H&S Department, CVR College of Engineering, Ibrahimpatnam, RR Dist.,Telangana,INDIA DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2020.1102.5073 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: The present study deals with biomonitoring of Saroornagar Lake to assess the water quality. The phytoplankton have definite tolerance limits and respond to the environmental conditions which Received 12th November, 2019 makes them potential tool as bio indicators to evaluate the water quality. Samples were collected Received in revised form 23rd from four sampling stations for a period of two years and phytoplankton study and comprehensive November, 2019 physico-chemical analysis was carried out. Pollution status of the lake is assessed on the basis of Accepted 7th January, 2019 Palmer’s Index and physico-chemical parameters. In the present study, three groups of algae viz. Published online 28th February, 2020 Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Cyanophyceae were identified. Chlorophyceae is predominant over Euglenophyceae followed by Cyanophyceae at all stations. Chlorococcales were represented Key Words: by the species of Ankistrodesmusfalcatus, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus sp., Bio indicators, Chlorophyceae, Pandorinamorum, Actinastrumhantzchii, Pyrobotrysincurvaand Micractiniumpusillum. Euglenophyceae, Cyanophyceae, physico- Euglenoidflagellates included Euglena, Lipocinclis, Phacusand Trachelomonas. Cyanophyceae chemical parameters, pollution. members were represented by Oscillatoria, Microcystis, Merismopedia. The presence of these species confirms eutrophic condition of the lake as they act as indicators of organic pollution and represent pollution tolerant species. Physico-chemical analysis biomonitoring data supported Palmer’s Algal Pollution Index and confirmed eutrophic condition and severe water quality deterioration of the Lake. Hence, Saroornagar Lake is unsuitable for drinking, domestic and recreational Purposes. Copyright © Padma Priya K T, 2020, this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. INTRODUCTION quantitative analysis of phytoplankton have led to establishment of indices and bio indicators. Based on tolerance Water is the most vital resource for life to survive. Unique of algae to the pollution levels, the indices have been physical and chemical properties of water allows various developed by Palmer C M. Saroornagar Lake is one of the biochemical reactions required for growth, cell metabolism biggest lakes in Hyderabad, capital of Telangana which is the and act as best suited medium for life activities. Any southern Indian State. It lies in the coordinates of 17.35584°N substantial reduction in water percentage is threatening to latitude and 78.52714°E longitudes. Saroornagar Lake is a 400 living cell. Fresh water lakes have environmental significance year old lake and it is believed to have been built in 1626 as sources of surface and ground water recharge and support during the reign of Quli Qutubshah to provide water for diversified aquatic life. Sewage discharge, improper irrigation of farm lands and domestic water purposes. The agricultural practices and urban run offs alters physico- present study deals with biomonitoring of Saroornagar Lake to chemical and phycological characteristics of water body leads assess the water quality using Palmer’s pollution Index values to water pollution and influence qualitative and quantitative based on qualitative and quantitative analysis of imbalance in biological components leading to disruption of phytoplankton and physico-chemical analysis. aquatic ecosystems (Suresh B., 2015). MATERIALS AND METHODS Biomonitoring is a prominent method used for preservation of lake water quality and water resource management. The water samples were collected on monthly intervals for a Phytoplanktons play a fundamental role in lakes. The ability period of two years at four sampling stations in the lake. of phytoplankton to respond rapidly to the changing Station I, II, III and IV are situated near Priyadarshini Park, environmental conditions makes them early warning signals Pochamma temple, Singareni colony and Green park colony which reflects the tropical status of lakes (UdayBhan Singh et respectively. The samples were analysed for Physico- al., 2013). Identifying bio indicator species is being widely chemical parameters as per the standard procedures of APHA used in assessment of water quality. Qualitative and (1995). *Corresponding author: Padma Priya K T H&S Department, CVR College of Engineering, Ibrahimpatnam, RR Dist.,Telangana,INDIA International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 11, Issue, 02(A), pp. 37231-37234, February, 2020 Euglenophyceae attain maxima in winter and Cyanophyceae One litre of surface water samples were collected from four in summer. In terms of species diversity and abundance different stations of the lake and were kept in the chlorophyceae were dominant and among green algae sedimentation column after adding 2-3 ml of 4% chlorococcales were abundant and represented by Chlorella formaldehyde solution. For about a period of one month, the vulgaris, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Coelastrum microporum, samples were kept undisturbed for complete settling of the Crucigeniaqudrata, C. rectangularis, organisms. The samples were concentrated to 100 ml. Finally, Scenedesmusaccuminatus, S. quadricauda, S. obliquus, S. the concentrated material was used for identification of dimorphus, S.quadricauda var. quadrispina, species and frequency measurements. The drop method of Pyrobotrysincurva, Asterococcus limneticus and Micractinium Pearsal was followed for frequency measurement of different pusillum. Planktosporiagelatinosa, Tetrasphaeria. species of algae at each station. The organism were identified Pandorinamorum is the only species of Volvocales which was by the following different monographs developed by Prescott, represented in the lake. G.Wand Gary E.Dillard. Palmer’s Algal pollution Index was employed. Euglenophyceae members were represented by diversified species of Euglena, Lipocinclis, Phacusand Trachelomonas. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Euglena acus, E. polymorpha, E. viridis E. elastica, E. The samples were collected and analysed from the four oxyuris, Lipocinclis fusiformis, L. ovum, Trachelomonas sampling stations within the Saroornagar Lake on monthly hispida, T. volvocina, Phacuscurvicauda, P. caudatus, P. intervals for a period of two years. longicauda, P. accuminatus, P. orbicularis, were the species recorded in the present observation. Physico – Chemical quality Cyanophyceae contribute a minor fraction to the bulk of The average, maximum and minimum analytic results of each phytoplankton. This group is mainly represented by parameter during the period of investigation are summarized Oscillatorialimnosa, O. formosa, O. agardhi, O. tenuis, in Table 1.Temperature is considered as one of the most Microcystis aeruginosa, M. viridis, M. elebans, important factor in the aquatic ecosystem and also in survival Merismopediapunctata, Arthrospira platensis, Anabaena and and existence of biological life. In the present investigation o o Nostac. Table.2 represents the station wise distribution of temperature ranged from 23.0 C - 27.6 C. The pH of the lake phytoplankton in the lake. is 8.37. The value represent alkaline nature of the lake. Alkaline nature of lakes in India was reported by (John Palmer’s Algal Genus Index calculated at different stations of Mohammad et al, 2015). Bicarbonates were recorded high at Saroornagar Lake is shown in Table 3. Palmer’s Algal all stations, this can be attributed to increase in organic Pollution Index Values, 0-10 suggests lack of organic decomposition during which CO2 is released which reacts to pollution, 11-15 indicates moderate Pollution, 16-20 indicates form bicarbonates. Similar observation was made by Mahadev probable high organic pollution, 21 or more confirms high J Hosamani et al, 2010 and Airsang et al, 2013. organic pollution. Palmer’s Pollution Index Values observed were 26 at station I, 26 at station II, 25 at station III and 22 at Higher chloride concentration represents high degree of Station IV respectively, indicates high organic pollution in pollution (Ameetha Sinha et al, 2014 and John Mohammad et Saroornagar Lake. al, 2015) indicates the presence of high organic matter. Very low DO values were recorded in the lake. Higher BOD values Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus sp. represent eutrophic indicate organic pollution (Siraj S.et al, 2010) high nutrient condition of the lake and act as indicators of organic pollution. loading, decomposition and mineralization of organic matter. Similar observation was made by Agale et al,2013. The total hardness (TH) of the lake was very high compared to Ankistrodesmus falcatus was the dominant species which is their permissible limit of BIS (1998). It may be due to addition represented throughout the investigation period in the lake. It of detergents or sewage contamination. High values of represents the high organic pollution and eutrophic