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International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 11, Issue, 02(A), pp. 37231-37234, February, 2020 ISSN: 0976-3031 DOI: 10.24327/IJRSR Research Article

BIOMONITORING OF LAKE WITH REFERENCE TO WATER QUALITY

Padma Priya K T

H&S Department, CVR College of Engineering, Ibrahimpatnam, RR Dist.,,

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2020.1102.5073

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article History: The present study deals with biomonitoring of to assess the water quality. The phytoplankton have definite tolerance limits and respond to the environmental conditions which Received 12th November, 2019 makes them potential tool as bio indicators to evaluate the water quality. Samples were collected Received in revised form 23rd from four sampling stations for a period of two years and phytoplankton study and comprehensive November, 2019 physico-chemical analysis was carried out. Pollution status of the lake is assessed on the basis of Accepted 7th January, 2019 Palmer’s Index and physico-chemical parameters. In the present study, three groups of algae viz. Published online 28th February, 2020 Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Cyanophyceae were identified. Chlorophyceae is predominant

over Euglenophyceae followed by Cyanophyceae at all stations. Chlorococcales were represented Key Words: by the species of Ankistrodesmusfalcatus, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus sp., Bio indicators, Chlorophyceae, Pandorinamorum, Actinastrumhantzchii, Pyrobotrysincurvaand Micractiniumpusillum. Euglenophyceae, Cyanophyceae, physico- Euglenoidflagellates included Euglena, Lipocinclis, Phacusand Trachelomonas. Cyanophyceae chemical parameters, pollution. members were represented by Oscillatoria, Microcystis, Merismopedia. The presence of these species confirms eutrophic condition of the lake as they act as indicators of organic pollution and represent pollution tolerant species. Physico-chemical analysis biomonitoring data supported Palmer’s Algal Pollution Index and confirmed eutrophic condition and severe water quality deterioration of the Lake. Hence, Saroornagar Lake is unsuitable for drinking, domestic and recreational Purposes.

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INTRODUCTION quantitative analysis of phytoplankton have led to establishment of indices and bio indicators. Based on tolerance Water is the most vital resource for life to survive. Unique of algae to the pollution levels, the indices have been physical and chemical properties of water allows various developed by Palmer C M. Saroornagar Lake is one of the biochemical reactions required for growth, cell metabolism biggest lakes in , capital of Telangana which is the and act as best suited medium for life activities. Any southern Indian State. It lies in the coordinates of 17.35584°N substantial reduction in water percentage is threatening to latitude and 78.52714°E longitudes. Saroornagar Lake is a 400 living cell. Fresh water lakes have environmental significance year old lake and it is believed to have been built in 1626 as sources of surface and ground water recharge and support during the reign of Quli Qutubshah to provide water for diversified aquatic life. Sewage discharge, improper irrigation of farm lands and domestic water purposes. The agricultural practices and urban run offs alters physico- present study deals with biomonitoring of Saroornagar Lake to chemical and phycological characteristics of water body leads assess the water quality using Palmer’s pollution Index values to water pollution and influence qualitative and quantitative based on qualitative and quantitative analysis of imbalance in biological components leading to disruption of phytoplankton and physico-chemical analysis. aquatic ecosystems (Suresh B., 2015). MATERIALS AND METHODS Biomonitoring is a prominent method used for preservation of lake water quality and water resource management. The water samples were collected on monthly intervals for a Phytoplanktons play a fundamental role in lakes. The ability period of two years at four sampling stations in the lake. of phytoplankton to respond rapidly to the changing Station I, II, III and IV are situated near Priyadarshini Park, environmental conditions makes them early warning signals Pochamma temple, Singareni colony and Green park colony which reflects the tropical status of lakes (UdayBhan Singh et respectively. The samples were analysed for Physico- al., 2013). Identifying bio indicator species is being widely chemical parameters as per the standard procedures of APHA used in assessment of water quality. Qualitative and (1995).

*Corresponding author: Padma Priya K T H&S Department, CVR College of Engineering, Ibrahimpatnam, RR Dist.,Telangana,INDIA International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 11, Issue, 02(A), pp. 37231-37234, February, 2020

Euglenophyceae attain maxima in winter and Cyanophyceae One litre of surface water samples were collected from four in summer. In terms of species diversity and abundance different stations of the lake and were kept in the chlorophyceae were dominant and among green algae sedimentation column after adding 2-3 ml of 4% chlorococcales were abundant and represented by Chlorella formaldehyde solution. For about a period of one month, the vulgaris, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Coelastrum microporum, samples were kept undisturbed for complete settling of the Crucigeniaqudrata, C. rectangularis, organisms. The samples were concentrated to 100 ml. Finally, Scenedesmusaccuminatus, S. quadricauda, S. obliquus, S. the concentrated material was used for identification of dimorphus, S.quadricauda var. quadrispina, species and frequency measurements. The drop method of Pyrobotrysincurva, Asterococcus limneticus and Micractinium Pearsal was followed for frequency measurement of different pusillum. Planktosporiagelatinosa, Tetrasphaeria. species of algae at each station. The organism were identified Pandorinamorum is the only species of Volvocales which was by the following different monographs developed by Prescott, represented in the lake. G.Wand Gary E.Dillard. Palmer’s Algal pollution Index was employed. Euglenophyceae members were represented by diversified species of Euglena, Lipocinclis, Phacusand Trachelomonas. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Euglena acus, E. polymorpha, E. viridis E. elastica, E.

The samples were collected and analysed from the four oxyuris, Lipocinclis fusiformis, L. ovum, Trachelomonas sampling stations within the Saroornagar Lake on monthly hispida, T. volvocina, Phacuscurvicauda, P. caudatus, P. intervals for a period of two years. longicauda, P. accuminatus, P. orbicularis, were the species recorded in the present observation. Physico – Chemical quality Cyanophyceae contribute a minor fraction to the bulk of The average, maximum and minimum analytic results of each phytoplankton. This group is mainly represented by parameter during the period of investigation are summarized Oscillatorialimnosa, O. formosa, O. agardhi, O. tenuis, in Table 1.Temperature is considered as one of the most Microcystis aeruginosa, M. viridis, M. elebans, important factor in the aquatic ecosystem and also in survival Merismopediapunctata, Arthrospira platensis, Anabaena and and existence of biological life. In the present investigation o o Nostac. Table.2 represents the station wise distribution of temperature ranged from 23.0 C - 27.6 C. The pH of the lake phytoplankton in the lake. is 8.37. The value represent alkaline nature of the lake. Alkaline nature of lakes in India was reported by (John Palmer’s Algal Genus Index calculated at different stations of Mohammad et al, 2015). Bicarbonates were recorded high at Saroornagar Lake is shown in Table 3. Palmer’s Algal all stations, this can be attributed to increase in organic Pollution Index Values, 0-10 suggests lack of organic decomposition during which CO2 is released which reacts to pollution, 11-15 indicates moderate Pollution, 16-20 indicates form bicarbonates. Similar observation was made by Mahadev probable high organic pollution, 21 or more confirms high J Hosamani et al, 2010 and Airsang et al, 2013. organic pollution. Palmer’s Pollution Index Values observed were 26 at station I, 26 at station II, 25 at station III and 22 at Higher chloride concentration represents high degree of Station IV respectively, indicates high organic pollution in pollution (Ameetha Sinha et al, 2014 and John Mohammad et Saroornagar Lake. al, 2015) indicates the presence of high organic matter. Very low DO values were recorded in the lake. Higher BOD values Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus sp. represent eutrophic indicate organic pollution (Siraj S.et al, 2010) high nutrient condition of the lake and act as indicators of organic pollution. loading, decomposition and mineralization of organic matter. Similar observation was made by Agale et al,2013. The total hardness (TH) of the lake was very high compared to Ankistrodesmus falcatus was the dominant species which is their permissible limit of BIS (1998). It may be due to addition represented throughout the investigation period in the lake. It of detergents or sewage contamination. High values of represents the high organic pollution and eutrophic status of 3- 2- Saroornagar Lake as pollution tolerant species. This is in phosphates (PO4 ) and sulphates (SO4 ) confirms the lake receiving sewage influx. This was in accordance to Amin conformity with Jindal et al,2011 and Ayodhya D. Hossaini Motlagh et al, 2013.Total dissolved solids were Kshirsaga,2013. The presence of Coelastrum microporum, higher than BIS permissible limits of 2000 mg/L. The major Crucigeniaqudrata, C. rectangularis, Actinastrum hantzchii, sources of total solids in the water body are domestic sewage, and Micractinium pusillum confirms the high nutrient status of detergents, runoff, leaching of substances from rocks in the lake and represent indicators of organic pollution. This is . surrounding area and may also be attributed to the catchment in accordance to Ansari Ekhalak et al, 2013 Pandorinamorum, watershed. the species of volvocales confirms the high organic matter in the lake as its availability shows the medium containing rich Phytoplankton diversity organic content. This is in conformity with Paramasivan,M. et al, 1981. Mainly three groups of planktonic algae were recorded in Saroornagar Lake. They were Chlorophyceae Euglenophyceae Euglena, Phacus and Trachelomonas are bio indicators and and Cyanophyceae. Chlorophyceae accounting for 79.31% of are commonly encountered in waters with rich oxidizable total algae and occupied the dominant position followed by organic matter. This is in conformity with Suresh B., 2015 and Euglenophyceae with 16.33% and the least represented group Altaf H. Ganai et al, 2014. The presence of Euglena oxyuris is Cyanophyceae with 4.37% of total algae in the lake. The and E. gracillis confirms the high pollution in the lake. seasonal fluctuation in the flora reveal that the Chlorophyceae Euglena and Trachelomonas are the bio indicators of found in maximum numbers in summer and monsoon, eutrophic lake and the blooms represent eutrophic condition of 37232 | P a g e Padma Priya K T., Biomonitoring of Saroornagar Lake with Reference to Water Quality the lake. Similar observation was made by Amin Hossaini Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus sp., Actinastrum hantzchii, Motlagh et al,2013. Micractinium pusillum, Euglena, Trachelomonas, Oscillatoria, Microcystis aeruginosa and Merismopedia are bio indicators The exisistance of Oscillatoria, Microcystis, Merismopedia in of eutrophic lakes. the lake clearly indicates high organic pollution. This is in conformity with AaliyaIsmat Baba et al, 2014. The The water of Saroornagar Lake is highly polluted as the representation of Microcystis aeruginosa renders water unfit physico-chemical parameters such as chlorides, total hardness, for consumption (Nandan S N. et al, 2005) and confirms calcium, magnesium, phosphates, sulphates, BOD,

Table 1 Ranges and average values of Physico-chemical parameters

Station I Station II Station III Station IV Parameters Range Range Range Range Average Average Average Average Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Temperatue 25.6 23.5 26.5 25.3 23.0 26.5 25.6 23.5 27.6 25.7 23.5 26.8 Ph 8.37 7.46 9.27 8.37 7.36 9.31 8.37 7.48 9.35 8.36 7.32 9.38 Alkalinity 761.2 545.0 922.7 757.5 574.1 890.3 815.6 577.1 935.8 777.1 636.1 883.8 Chlorides 781.1 674.5 850.0 759.5 597.6 887.0 756.3 639.0 850.9 759.8 674.5 887.0 DO 0.6 0.2 2.4 0.5 0.2 2.4 0.5 0.2 2..6 0.3 0.2 2.4 BOD 238.7 140.0 300 192.0 30.0 300.0 218.3 300.0 120.0 226.6 90.0 300.0 Total Hardrness 648.0 552.0 832.0 602.4 500.0 750.0 605.5 520.0 830.0 615.8 520.0 810.0 Calcium 145.2 100.0 192.0 154.3 31.8 288.0 136.9 52.6 192.0 133.6 34.4 192.0 Magnesiun 51.7 17.0 94.8 53.2 14.1 102.1 57.8 29.2 99.8 60.8 29.2 126 Nitrates 16.5 14.6 19.3 19.8 18.0 22.7 19.6 17.8 22.5 17.4 15.6 20.3 TDS 2615 2582 2648 2521 2491 2638 2556 2531 2584 2606 2584 2638 Sulpahtes 247.7 238.0 260.0 257.7 248.0 270.0 255.7 246.0 268.0 252.9 243.0 265.0

All values are expressed in mg/L except pH and Temp ( oC)

Table 2 Station Wise Distribution of Phytoplankton total solids and total dissolved solids were higher than AlgalGenera Station I Station II Station III Station IV Ankistrodesmusfalcatus + + + + permissible limits and dissolved oxygen is in very low Chlorella vulgaris + + + + concentration when compared with the standards stipulated by Scenedesmus + + + + WHO (1971), ISI (1982), BIS (1998) and Rawal’s (1978). Pandorinamorum + + + - Actinastrumhantzchii + + + + The diversity of phytoplankton indicates polysaprobic Pyrobotrysincurva + + + + condition of the lake, high pollution load and organic Micractiniumpusillum + + - - Coelastrummicroporum + + - + contamination. Physico-chemical quality observed in the lake Asterococcuslimneticus - + + - supported Palmer’s Algal Pollution Index confirms eutrophic Planktosporiagelatinosa - - + + condition and severe water quality deterioration. Hence, it is Tetrasphaeria - - - + unsuitable for drinking, domestic and recreational purposes. Euglena + + + + Lipocinclis, + + + + Acknowledgment Phacus + + + + Trachelomonas + + + + Author is thankful to the management of CVR College of Oscillatoria + + + + Engineering, Ibrahimpatnam for providing constant support Microcystis + + + + Merismopedia + + + + and encouragement to carry out this research work. I am Arthrospiraplatensis + + + + deeply obliged to Prof. P. Manikya Reddy, a constant source Anabaena - + + - of inspiration and guidance. Nostac - - + - References Table 3 Station Wise Palmer’s Algal Pollution Index Values

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How to cite this article:

Padma Priya K T. 2020, Biomonitoring of Saroornagar Lake with Reference to Water Quality. Int J Recent Sci Res. 11 (02), pp. 37231-37234. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2020.1102.5073

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