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Analysis of Water Quality Using Limnological Studies of Wyra Reservoir, Khammam District, Telangana, India

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Analysis of Water Quality Using Limnological Studies of Wyra Reservoir, Khammam District, Telangana, India Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(2): 880-895 ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 2 (2015) pp. 880-895 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Analysis of Water Quality using Limnological Studies of Wyra Reservoir, Khammam District, Telangana, India M.John Mohammad1,2*, P.V. Krishna3, O.A.Lamma4 and Shabbar Khan5 1Department of Environmental studies, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjunanagar, Guntur- 522 510, Andhra Pradesh, India 2Department of Humanities and Sciences, Bomma institute of Technology & Science, Khammam-507 318, Telangana, India 3Department of Zoology & Aquaculture, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjunanagar, Guntur- 522 510, Andhra Pradesh, India 4Department of Soil and Water science, Baniwalid, Azzayatuna University, Libya 5Mohammadiya Institute of Technology & Science, Khammam- 507 163, Telangana, India *Corresponding author A B S T R A C T K e y w o r d s The present study was undertaken to assess the quality of water by using physico chemical parameters of Wyra reservoir of Khammam district, Telangana, India. Physico- Monthly changes in physico-chemical parameters were analyzed for a period of chemical, one year from 2011 January to December. In the present study air, water Wyra temperatures, Dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, chlorides, Total dissolved solids and reservoir, hardness turbidity etc, Results indicated that the quality of water from this reservoir Pisciculture, is within the acceptable values. On the basis of the limnological analysis, it was Total found that, some physico- chemical parameters showed seasonal fluctuations. It has Dissolved been found that the water can be used for drinking purpose in winter and summer solids seasons, and also water can be used for irrigation and pisciculture. Introduction Water is life. No life can exist without decrease in the ground water level due to its water. Water resources are of critical over exploitation. Water, the matrix of life is importance to both natural ecosystem and exposed to pollution, unhealthy human development. It is absolutely environment, resulting in human affliction essential for domestic purposes for cleaning, and diseases transmission due to rapid cooking, bathing, and carrying away wastes, industrialization and population (Simpi et and in agriculture for irrigation, power al., 2011). Acquiring potable water is a day generation, industries, navigation, to day struggle for most of the people in the propagation of wild life, fisheries, Khammam district. The healthy aquatic recreation, aesthetics etc. Manifold increase ecosystem is dependend on the physic- in population has resulted in a rapid chemical and biological characterstics 880 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(2): 880-895 (Venkatesharaju, 2010). In last two decades, Contamination of aquatic ecosystems with there has been a growing necessity for heavy metals is a serious problem, all over conservation our resources, especially water. the world (Solak and Dogan, 1995). Wyra At the same time, growing populations, reservoir being an important ecological site, progressive industrialization and this study is aimed at providing useful inputs intensification of agriculture have led to and necessary for the management of the increased pollution of surface waters. This environmental aspects of the many multi- induces ecological imbalance, deleterious purpose lakes and reservoirs. Despite such for sustained development of fisheries an exhaustive work, up to now, there was no resources Nevertheless, an increasing systematic study carried out for the physico- number of specially created environmental chemical analysis and quality control agencies are being assigned the task of assessment Wyra reservoir for a period of conserving water quality for all use within January -2011 to December -2011. one river or lake basin. Water is scare and valuble resource and it is highly essential for Materials and methods the survival of mankind. Water also plays an equally important role in food control. Study area Water quality monitoring is of immense importance in the conservation of water To evaluate the water quality an effort was resources for fisheries, water supply and made to investigate the water in wyra other activities; it involves the assessment of reservoir, Khammam district, Telengana, physico-chemical parameters of water India. It lies between North latitude 17° 11 bodies. Impacted changes in the quality of and East longitude 80° 22 the total water are reflected in the biotic community catchment area of 19.14 sq.km. The climatic structure, with the vulnerable dying, while conditions of the study area with hot the most sensitive species act as indicators summer, cool winter and rainy season. The of water quality. Discharge of pollutants region gets much rainfall from south west from agriculture and industries and also monsoon. The place gets most of its rain fall sewage disposal are major causes of from June to September during the monsoon pollution of water of reservoirs (Singh et al., generally highest rainfall observed in the 2004, Vega et al., 1996, Sillanappa et al., month of June during the study period. The 2004). Extensive evaporation of water from average rainfall of this study area is 793.06 the reservoir due to high temperature and mm. The reservoir water is used for low rain enhances the amount of salts, heavy drinking, agriculture, boating (recreation) metals and other pollutants, which are and supports fish culture. conscientious factor for the poor quality of the reservoir ecosystem (Arain et al., 2008). Collection of sample Among environmental pollutants, metals are of particular concern, due to to their In order to determine the water quality, potential toxic effect and ability to water samples collected from the Wyra bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems reservoir during January December 2011 in (Miller et al., 2002). The major ions are the first week of every month. Some of the 3 Ca+, Mg+, Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3 and CO results were recorded in the laboratory, are essential constituents of water and according to APHA in 2005 and Kodrakar et responsible for ionic salinity as compared al, 2008. with other ions (Wetzel, 1983). 881 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(2): 880-895 Analysis accelerate eutriphication. The physico- chemical characteristics of water quality The samples thus collected were analyzed may be affected by rainfall, temperature, for a number of physic-chemical parameters. availability of light. The monthly variation Protocols were mostly based on the standard in physico-chemical parameters was methods for the examination of water and presented in Table -1. The physico-chemical waste water (APHA, 1998). The water parameters such as temperature, pH, DO, samples were collected during the month of organic and inorganic constituents play an January to December 2011.The samples for important role in determining the nature and analyses were collected in satirized bottles. pattern of fluctuations of population Almost care was taken, so that no bubbling densities of zooplankton in an aquatic should observe during sampling, which environment. The physico-chemical avoids influence of the dissolved oxygen. analysis of water is the prime considerations The temperature was recorded at the sample to access the water quality for its best site. The chemicals used were of A. R. grade utilization like drinking, irrigation, industrial and was used without further purification. fisheries purpose and helpful in the The solutions were prepared in distilled understanding the complex process water. The pH of water sample was interaction between the climatic and measured with the help of pH meter (Elico biological process in the water. The physico- LI-120) with a glass electrode. The pH chemical parameters of water and meter was calibrated using buffer of pH 4.0 dependence of all life process of these and 7.0. factors make it desirable to take water has environment. Therefore any change in any Statistical analysis one of the factor directly or indirectly influence the other parameters. All the Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS for windows release 10.0. The Atmospheric temperature season wise grouped data were used to calculate Student-Newmen-Keuls test (this Temperature is a primary environmental is the one way ANOVA post hoc non factor that affects and governs the biological parametric test, for making comparison activities and solubility of gases in water. among the means of three different seasons). Owing to the gases in air, humidity, dust and other colloidal particles, the air temperature Result and Discussion is always higher than water temperature. The Atmospheric temperature of Wyra Water plays a vital role in the ecology of ranged from 22.8°C to 33.7°C in different flora and fauna. Quantity and quality are two seasons. Variation in the air and surface major issues involved in the use of water. water temperatures are due to changing The main purpose of analyzing physical and seasons. A high temperature was recorded chemical characterstics of water is during summer and lower tempratue during determine its ecological status. One of the post monsoon, which is a normal feature in major problems of fresh water bodies is fresh water bodies. The temperature directly eutrification due to allochthonous/nutrient influences some of chemical reactions in input (perticulerly of phosphorous and aquatic eco systems and it is important nitrogen) from external sources. Social physical parameter (Jakhar and Rawat, development and human activities greatly 2003).
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