Proposals to Amend Art. 46 and 49 concerning Citation of Pre-Starting Point Authors Author(s): L. Hoffmann, V. Demoulin and P. Compère Reviewed work(s): Source: Taxon, Vol. 40, No. 1 (Feb., 1991), pp. 140-141 Published by: International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1222941 . Accessed: 21/06/2012 12:25
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http://www.jstor.org 140 TAXON VOLUME 40
PROPOSALS TO AMEND THE CODE
Edited by Dan H. Nicolson'
Proposals to amend Art. 46 and 49 concerning citation of pre-starting point authors
(14) Proposal to revise Art. 46.3 (deleting referenceto authors who published names published before the startingpoint) and add a new paragraph (addressingthis issue) so that they read as follows: "Art. 46.3. When an author who validly publishes a name ascribes it to an author who failed to fulfil all requirements for valid publication of the name, the correct author citation is the name of the validating author, but the name of the other person, followed by the connecting word 'ex', may be inserted before the name of the validating author (see also Rec. 50 A.2). The same holds for names of garden origin ascribed to 'hort' meaning 'hortulanorum'. "Art. 46.4 bis. The citation of an author who published the name before the starting point of the group concerned may be indicated by the use of the word 'ex'.When a pre- starting point name was changed in rank or taxonomic position by the first author who validly published it, the name of the pre-starting point author may be included in parentheses before 'ex'."
(15) Proposal to add a new note to Art. 49.1: "Note 1. According to Art. 46.4, parentheses may also be used in similar situations for names published before the starting point of the group concerned" There has been a lot of arguing about the citation and way of citation of authors of pre-starting point names. The Edinburgh Code (Lanjouw & al., 1966) had Recom- mendation 46E stating: "The citation of an author who published the name before the starting point of the group concerned is indicated, when such indication is considered useful or desirable, preferably between square brackets" The Seattle Code (Stafleu & al., 1972) and subsequent Codes dropped the use of square brackets and suggested using "ex" before the validating author. Further, the recommendation was to use "ex" only if the first author who publishes a name "ascribesit to an author who published the name before the starting point of the group concerned'.'This became Art. 46.3 in the Berlin Code (Greuter& al., 1988). Present Art. 46.3 is unsatisfactory when dealing with names in groups with later starting points, for two reasons: (1) by treating in the same paragraph pre-starting point names and names invalid for other reasons it de-emphasises the particular nature of pre-starting point names, for which citation of the original author is far more important than, e.g., in the case of nomina nuda; (2) emphasis is put on 'ascrib- ing the name', which makes it impossible to trace back the authorship of names which have been changed in status or taxonomic position when validated (Ex. 5 of Lichen debilis in the Code).
I Department of Botany, NHB 166, Smithonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. FEBRUARY1991 141
This is the result of a long drift of the Code which was partly editorial after Donk's (1957: 256) proposal to introduce 'per' for revalidatednames was rejected (Bureau of nomenclature, 1960: 81). Mycologists reacted little because they have abolished later starting points. However, they are still applied for mosses, fossils, and some groups of algae. Compere (1973) made a proposal to return to the Edinburgh Code. For blue- green algae, the nomenclaturist Paul Silva (Silva & al., 1987) has already abandoned this system, and perhaps later starting points will disappear in the future. In the mean- time, however, it is important that author citations clearly establish the link between the validating author under the Code and the original author of a name. The citation of the latter may be important to locate type material. Another reason is that original authors are stable but revalidating authors are not necessarily so and relative priority of names may be difficult to establish (Demoulin & al., 1981). Thus we advocate a return to the situation prior to the Seattle Code where the notion of ascribing the name was editorially introduced. To avoid interference with cases occurring in other groups than those with a later starting point, the matter should be treated in a separate paragraph. Further, a practice that was widely used by mycologists in cases of changes in status or position should be made legal, that is the use of parentheses before "ex".Examples of such practice can be found in pre-Len- ingrad Codes, e.g., Stafleu & al. (1972: 257) sub rejected Micromphale: "M. venosumn (Persoon) ex S. F. Gray" and sub rejected Pleuropus: "P fornicatus (Persoon) ex S. F. Gray". These examples concern names published in Agaricus by Persoon and which, at the time of that Code, were considered as having been validated by S. F. Gray in smaller genera.
Literaturecited Bureauof Nomenclature,1960. IX InternationalBotanical Congress nomenclature section. Report. Regnum Veg.20. Compere,P. 1973.Citation des auteursanterieurs au pointde depart:ex ou crochets?Taxon 22: 702-703. Demoulin,V., Hawksworth,D. L., Korf, R. P. & Pouzar,Z. 1981.A solutionof the starting point problemin nomenclatureof fungi. Taxon30: 52-63. Donk, M. A. 1957.Typification and laterstarting-points. Taxon 6: 245-256. Greuter,W., Burdet,H. M., Chaloner,W. G., Demoulin,V., Grolle,R., Hawksworth,D. L., Nicolson, D. H., Silva, P. C., Stafleu, F. A., Voss,E. G. & McNeill,J. 1988.International code of botanicalnomenclature, adopted by the FourteenthInternational Botanical Con- gress, Berlin, July-August 1987. Regnum Veg. 118. Lanjouw,J., Mamay,S. H., McVaugh,R., Robyns,W., Collins, R. C., Ross, R., Rousseau,J., Schulze,G. M., Vilmorin,R. de & Stafleu, F. A. 1966. Internationalcode of botanical nomenclature,adopted by the TenthInternational Botanical Congress, Edinburgh, August 1964. Regnum Veg.46. Silva,P. C., Mefiez,E. G., &Moe, R. L. 1987.Catalog of the benthicmarine algae of the Philip- pines. Smithsonian Contr. Mar. Sci. 27: 1-179. Stafleu,F. A., Bonner,C. E. B., McVaugh,R., Meikle,R. D., Rollins,R. C., Ross,R., Schopf,J. M., Schulze,G. M., Vilmorin,R. de & Voss, E. G. 1972.International code of botanical nomenclature,adopted by the EleventhInternational Botanical Congress, Seattle, August 1969. Regnum Veg.82.
Proposedby: L. Hoffmannand V. Demoulin,Department of Botany,University of Liege,Sart TilmanB22, B-4000Liege, Belgium; and P. Compere,Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Domainede Bouchout,B-1860 Meise, Belgium.