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Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Finland. Suomen Putkilokasvien Luettelo

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Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Finland. Suomen Putkilokasvien Luettelo Symbols / Merkit spontaneous / alkuperäinen ● old, resident vanha, vakinainen × old, formerly resident, possibly extinct vanha, aiemmin vakinainen, mahdollisesti hävinnyt + old, formerly resident, extinct vanha, aiemmin vakinainen, hävinnyt ■ new, resident uusi, vakinainen ▲ new, ephemeral uusi, satunnainen ▼ new, ephemeral (no records since 1980) uusi, satunnainen (ei havaintoja v. 1979 jälkeen) alien, old / muinaistulokas ● resident vakinainen × formerly resident, possibly extinct aiemmin vakinainen, mahdollisesti hävinnyt aiemmin vakinainen, hävinnyt (ei havaintoja v. 1979 formerly resident, extinct (no records since 1980) + jälkeen) alien, new / tulokas, uusi resident vakinainen ephemeral satunnainen ephemeral (no records since 1980) satunnainen (ei havaintoja v. 1979 jälkeen) uncertain or not evaluated / epävarma tai ei arvioitu taksonin määritys ja/tai esiintyminen luonnossa ? identification and/or occurrence in the wild uncertain epävarmaa . status not evaluated statusta ei arvioitu of cultivated origin / viljelyperäinen 1 to a moderate extent, spreading in the wild jossain määrin, leviää luonnossa 2 largely, spreading in the wild laajalti, leviää luonnossa 3 completely, spreading in the wild täysin, leviää luonnossa cultivated plants occurring as soil or/and garden re- viljelykasvit, joita tavataan maa- tai puutarhajäte- fuse immigrants at landfills, rubbish dumps and other kasoilta jätemaalueilla, kaatopaikoilla ja vastaavilla M similar places, perhaps surviving for a long time but paikoilla ehkä pitkäänkin säilyvinä mutta ei aidosti not becoming truly naturalized kotiutuneina luonnosta hävinnyt, myöhemmin sinne (takaisin) P extinct in the wild; planted subsequently istutettu Cover pictures / Kannen kuvat: Erna Ender, Kasvimuseon arkisto © 2019 Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo LUOMUS Finnish Museum of Natural History Contents Abstract / Tiivistelmä ........................................ 2 Preface ............................................................... 3 Introduction ...................................................... 4 Included taxa ........................................ 4 Taxonomy and nomenclature .............. 4 Status categories ................................ 6 Current occurrence ........................... 9 Degree of cultivated origin ............... 9 Uncertain occurrence ........................ 10 Statistics ............................................... 10 Esipuhe ................................................................ 11 Johdanto ............................................................. 12 Mukaan otetut taksonit ...................... 12 Taksonomia ja nimistö .......................... 12 Statusluokat ........................................ 14 Nykyesiintymät...................................... 17 Viljelyperäisyyden aste ...................... 18 Epävarmat havainnot ............................ 19 Tilastoa ................................................. 19 Symbol review / Kertausta ............................... 20 References / Kirjallisuus .............................. 21 Families with authors / Heimot kirjoittajineen .................. 22 Checklist / Luettelo ......................................... 25 Appendix 1. Hieracium, Pilosella, Taraxacum ..................... 118 Appendix 2. Ranunculus auricomus group, s. lat. ............... 124 Appendix 3. Further informal groups .............................. 130 Index / Hakemisto ............................................... 134 Swedish names / Ruotsalaiset nimet ...................... 134 Finnish names / Suomalaiset nimet ........................ 151 Scientific names / Tieteelliset nimet ........................ 171 2 Kurtto, A., Lampinen, R., Piirainen, M. & Uotila, P. 2019: Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland. Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo. — Norrlinia 34: 1–206. Abstract This updated checklist of the wild vascular plants of Finland incorporates numerous floristic, taxonomic and nomencla- tural changes. Spontaneous (native) and alien taxa, both resident and ephemeral, are included. Species, subspecies, nothospecies (with hybrid parents), nothosubspecies, hybrids and commonly recognized varieties, as well as cultivars and Groups of cultivated plants found as escapes, are listed. Informal groups serving for at least a partial identifcation are included when considered practical. Both the Finnish and Swedish preferred vernacular names, including a great number of new Finnish ones, are provided for most of the taxa. Synonymic scientific names from important floras and checklists of Finland and neighbouring territories are mentioned. The list contains 5720 accepted names (5579 with certain occurrence in Finland). 4242 of these (4112 with cer- tain occurrence) are ”terminal taxa”, ie. taxa without child taxa. The number of species verified from Finland comes to 3236, including 555 species of large apomictic groups (Ranunculus auricomus s. lat., Hieracium, Pilosella, Taraxa- cum), and there are 363 subspecies, 171 varieties, and 597 hybrids, of which 116 are treated as nothospecies, verifed from the country. In addition, there are altogether 133 species, subspecies or hybrids with only unconfrmed records from Finland. The species, nothospecies, subspecies and varieties are provided with an evaluation of historical status and degree of cultivated origin, except in Ranunculus auricomus group s. lat., Hieracium and Pilosella. Of the evaluat- ed species, 1010 are categorized as spontaneous and 1828 as aliens. 189 of the alien species are considered archae- ophytic, 377 as naturalized neophytes (resident new aliens) and the remaining 1265 as casual aliens (ephemeral new aliens). Eight of the old spontaneous or archaeo phytic species are regarded as extinct or probably extinct, and one third of the ephemeral aliens have been recorded only before 1980. Of the species, 559 are completely of cultivated origin, 98 largely of cultivated origin and 122 of occasional cultivated origin. Tiivistelmä Tämä Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo on floristisesti, taksonomisesti ja nimistöllisesti ajantasaistettu listaus Suomessa luonnonvaraisina tavatuista putkilokasveista (alkuperäiskasveista ja muinaistulokkaista sekä vakiintuneista ja satun- naisista uustulokkaista, mukaan lukien viljelykarkulaiset). Mukana ovat lajit, alalajit, yleisesti hyväksytyt muunnokset, risteymälajit (nothospecies; vanhemmat annettu), risteymäalalajit (nothosubspecies) ja risteymät sekä karkulaisina ta- vatut viljelylajikkeet ja lajikeryhmät (Ryhmä). Epämuodollisiksi ryhmiksi on koottu vaikeasti erotettavia ja/tai aiemmin samaan taksoniin luettuja kasveja. Luettelossa lähes kaikilla taksoneilla on suomenkielinen ja ruotsinkielinen kansalli- nen nimi; lukuisat suomenkieliset nimet ovat uudisnimiä. Tieteellisten nimien synonyyminimiä annetaan tärkeiden suo- malaisten tai naapurimaiden floorien ja nimiluetteloiden perusteella Luettelossa on kaikkiaan 5720 hyväksyttä nimeä (5579:stä varmistettu tieto Suomesta). Näistä 4242 (4112 varmaa) on ”lopputaksoneita”, joilla ei ole hierarkiassa lapsitaksoneita. Luettelossa on Suomesta varmistettuina 3236 lajia (mukaan lukien 555 lajia suurista apomiktiryhmistä Ranunculus auricomus s. lat., Hieracium, Pilosella ja Taraxa- cum), 363 alalajia ja 171 muunnosta sekä 597 risteymää, joista 116 on käsitelty risteymälajeina (nothospecies). Li- säksi luetellaan 133 lajia, alalajia tai risteymää, joiden esiintyminen Suomessa on varmentamatta. Kullekin Suomesta varmennetulle lajille (lukuun ottamatta toukoleinikkiryhmää ja ukon- ja voikeltanoita), alalajille, muunnokselle ja ris- tey mälajille on arvioitu statusluokka ja viljelyperäisyyden aste. 1010 lajia katsotaan alkuperäisiksi ja 1828 tulokkaik- si. Tulokkaista 189 on arvioitu muinaistulokkaiksi, 377 vakiintuneiksi uustulokkaiksi ja muut 1262 satunnaistulokkaiksi. Vanhoista alkuperäislajeista ja muinaistulokkaista kahdeksan lajia on varmasti tai todennäköisesti hävinnyt, ja satun- naistulokkaista kolmasosa on havaittu Suomessa vain ennen vuotta 1980. Kokonaan viljelyperäisiä lajeja on 559, huo- mattavalta osalta viljelyperäisiä 98 ja vähäiseltä osalta viljelyperäisiä 122. Publisher / Julkaisija Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS, Helsinki, September 2019 ISSN 0780-3214 ISBN 978-951-51-5363-0 (print) ISBN 978-951-51-5364-7 (pdf) Internet www. luomus.fi/kirjat Design and layout / Taitto Leena Helynranta Printing / Paino Unigrafia, Helsinki 2019 © 2019 Authors, Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS 3 Preface The previous checklist of the vascular plants of cum), Alexander N. Sennikov (Hieracium, Pilosel­ Finland was published more than 30 years ago la, Crepis, Erigeron), Heikki Toivonen (Cyperace- (Kurtto & Lahti 1987). The taxonomy and nomen- ae) and Henry Väre (Poaceae, Salicaceae) for their clature adopted for it were updated for most of the contributions to the checklist through their work flora in the 4th edition of the Field Flora of Finland for the new edition of the Field Flora of Finland; (Hämet-Ahti et al. 1998) and in its two supple- Sennikov also helped in resolving some nomen- ments (Hämet-Ahti et al. 2005a, b). However, rare clatural problems. Thomas Karlsson (Stockholm) casuals and rare hybrids were excluded from them. provided some information concerning Swedish In the last few decades, changes in plant taxonomy vernacular names and Geoffrey Harper (Hereford) have been profound due to the rapid development checked the English text. Our cordial thanks are of phylogenetic studies using molecular markers. due to Leena Helynranta for her layout design and On the
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