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Checkendon (March 2020) • © VCH Oxfordshire • Landownership • P VCH Oxfordshire • Texts in Progress • Checkendon (March 2020) • © VCH Oxfordshire • Landownership • p. 1 VCH Oxfordshire Texts in Progress Checkendon Landownership In the late Anglo-Saxon period all or part of the parish belonged to the Benson royal estate, demonstrably so in the case of Wyfold in the uplands (granted to Thame abbey in the 1150s), and nearby Neal’s farm, a medieval freehold still attached to Benson manor in the 1780s. Checkendon and Littlestoke formed independent 5- and 3-hide manors by 1066,1 held together (chiefly by the Marmion and Rede families) until 1551 when they became permanently divided. Wyfold manor, too, descended in two parts from 1546, centred on Wyfold Court (now Wyfold Grange) and Hook End Farm (now Hook End Manor); a new mansion house (to which the name Wyfold Court was transferred) was erected on a greenfield site in the 1870s, when the attached estate covered 1,367 acres. The separate Braziers estate (c.1,100 a. in 1774) was amassed by the Blackall family in the 18th century, centred on Braziers House or Park, while sizeable medieval freeholds included the rectory estate and probably Hammond’s farm. Checkendon Manor Descent to c.1400 Checkendon (like Littlestoke) was held in 1066 by Wulfræd, and in 1086 by Wigod of Wallingford’s nephew Alfred.2 Both manors apparently reverted to the Crown, passing with Stanton Harcourt from Henry I’s wife Queen Adeliza to her kinswoman Milicent, who c.1130 married Robert Marmion (d. 1144).3 His son Robert (d. c.1181) gave the advowson to Coventry priory in the 1170s,4 and the overlordship descended with the Marmions’ honor of Tamworth (Staffs.) throughout the 13th century.5 By 1489, however, Checkendon was held of the honor of Wallingford, and from 1540 of its successor the honor of Ewelme.6 Robert (d. c.1181) subinfeudated the manor c.1175 to Geoffrey Marmion and his brother William, who held it together as half a knight’s fee, and each occupied a third worth 1 DB, f. 160. 2 Ibid. 3 Boarstall Cart. p. 1; Reading Cart. I, pp. 405−6; VCH Oxon. XII, 274. 4 Boarstall Cart. p. 4; Complete Peerage, VIII, 505−9; below, relig. hist. (advowson). 5 Book of Fees, II, 829, 841; Rot. Hund. II, 42, 779; Cal. Inq. p.m. III, 19. For the honor, Sanders, Eng. Baronies, 145; VCH Staffs. XII (forthcoming). 6 Cal. Inq. p.m. Hen. VII, I, 198; II, 157; TNA, C 142/140/155; ibid. WARD 2/9/28A/1. VCH Oxfordshire • Texts in Progress • Checkendon (March 2020) • © VCH Oxfordshire • Landownership • p. 2 £5. Geoffrey later gave his portion to William,7 who was perhaps still living in 1200.8 An intermediate lordship was inserted above him c.1205, when Robert’s son Robert granted Checkendon and Littlestoke to his own son William (a clerk), and c.1218 transferred that interest (with William’s assent) to the family’s Norman foundation of Barbery abbey (Calvados), which also took over an obligation to pay Thame abbey 2 lb of wax a year as rent for 20 a. of woodland, presumably in Wyfold. Beneath Barbery abbey, another William Marmion (a knight) was tenant c.1205 and c.1218, paying £8 rent as well as Thame abbey’s wax.9 Sir Geoffrey Marmion (probably his son) succeeded on the same terms before 1222, but in 1246 was freed from the rent for a payment of 115 marks (£76 13s. 4d.), provided he still paid the wax.10 Barbery abbey’s interest was last recorded in 1279.11 Sir Geoffrey was succeeded before 1255 by his son William, whose relative John Marmion (perhaps his brother and tenant) was granted free warren in Checkendon and Littlestoke in 1258.12 The two manors together were then reckoned at one knight’s fee.13 William died by 1266 leaving a 6-year-old son John, during whose long minority a part was granted to Geoffrey’s widow Rosamund for £19 a year. The rent (and by 1272 John’s wardship) were acquired by the royal administrator and moneylender Adam de Stratton, who recovered the advowson and in 1273 sold the wardship and marriage to Sir Henry Nottingham for £240. Nottingham married his daughter Margery to John, and returned the manor to Stratton on her behalf.14 On Rosamund’s death c.1273 Stratton let her land to two of her sons for £34 a year, reserving their revenues for the first six months;15 John was called lord in 1279, however, and came of age in 1281.16 John and Margery were succeeded between 1313 and 1331 by their son John (fl. 1331–46),17 then by John’s son Geoffrey (fl. 1354).18 Geoffrey died before 1359 when his 7 Boarstall Cart. pp. 12–13. Their relationship to the lords of Tamworth is unclear (ibid. p. 2), but possibly they were Robert’s nephews: T. Stapleton (ed.), Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ sub Regibus Angliæ, II (1844), p. xcix. 8 Thame Cart. II, no. 166. 9 Boarstall Cart. pp. 14–16; N. Vincent (ed.), Norman Charters from English Sources (PRS n.s. 59, 2013), pp. 196−7. 10 Boarstall Cart. pp. 2, 16; Oxon. Fines, p. 132; Vincent (ed.), Norman Charters, pp. 196−7. 11 Rot. Hund. II, 779; cf. Boarstall Cart. p. 16. 12 Rot. Hund. II, 42; Cal. Chart. 1257−1300, 5. Boarstall Cart. pp. 19–20 (no. 37) names John as Wm’s son, but cf. ibid. p. 20; Placit. in Domo Capit. Abbrev. 182; and below. 13 Rot. Hund. II, 42, 779; cf. Book of Fees, II, 829; Feudal Aids, IV, 176, 200. 14 Boarstall Cart. p. 19 n. 2; Cat. Anct. Deeds, II, A.3177, A.3179, A.3181; IV, A.9184; TNA, E 42/59; E 42/77; ibid. SC 6/750/13; Placit. in Domo Capit. Abbrev. 182; ODNB, s.v. Adam de Stratton. 15 Cat. Anct. Deeds, II, A.3180; V, A.10444. 16 Rot. Hund. II, 779; Boarstall Cart. p. 19 n. 2. 17 TNA, CP 25/1/189/14, no. 97; Boarstall Cart. pp. 25–6; Feudal Aids, IV, 176; cf. Goring Charters, I, pp. lviii, 71. 18 Boarstall Cart. p. 27; TNA, CP 25/1/190/19, no. 49; Cooke, ‘Docs’, 4–5. (Despite Boarstall Cart. p. 2 and Goring Charters, I, p. lviii, there is no evidence that John was alive in 1355.) VCH Oxfordshire • Texts in Progress • Checkendon (March 2020) • © VCH Oxfordshire • Landownership • p. 3 son was a minor in the Black Prince’s wardship;19 he evidently died soon after, however, and the manor was divided between the daughters of Geoffrey’s uncle Thomas Marmion: Margaret (who married Walter Smith of Woodcote), and Alice (wife of William Halyngrigge). Following Alice’s death before 1367 her half-share was further divided between her daughters Cecily (wife of John Rede) and Margaret,20 the manor being reunited only in the mid 15th century. Memorial brasses in the chancel of the parish church to (left) John Rede (d. 1404) and (below) his wife Cecily (d. 1428). Descent from c.1400 John Rede of Checkendon (d. 1404), holder of a quarter share, was a lawyer and twice MP for Oxfordshire. His widow Cecily married Sir Thomas Sackville (d. 1406) of Fawley (Bucks.), and retained the share until her death in 1428 when it passed to her son Edmund Rede (d. 1430). His son Edmund (d. 1489) was then a minor, and from 1434 the share was briefly held by the elder Edmund’s widow Christine (d. 1435), daughter and heir of Robert James of Wallingford.21 In 1440 Edmund acquired the separate half-share through an exchange with Richard Marmion of Littlestoke (preceded probably by his father Richard),22 and added the remaining quarter c.1457–9.23 That had earlier been held by William Halyngrigge (in 1393),24 19 Black Prince's Reg. IV, 296. 20 Boarstall Cart. pp. 2, 25–8; Cooke, ‘Docs’, 4−5; TNA, CP 25/1/190/22, no. 16. 21 Hist. Parl. s.v. John Rede; Boarstall Cart. pp. vii−ix, 30–2; Cal. Inq. p.m. XXIV, pp. 276–7; Cal. Close 1435−41, 4; OHC, Marmion I/i/13. 22 Boarstall Cart. pp. 3, 33; cf. VCH Oxon. VIII, 9; OHC, Marmion III/i/1; Cooke, ‘Docs’, 58−60. 23 TNA, C 139/163/15; Boarstall Cart. p. 39 (no. 120), the apparently reunited manor. 24 Berks. RO, D/EH/T64/6. VCH Oxfordshire • Texts in Progress • Checkendon (March 2020) • © VCH Oxfordshire • Landownership • p. 4 then perhaps by William atte Dene (fl. 1398),25 Sir Gilbert Wace (d. 1409), and Sir Richard Camoys (d. 1416),26 followed by Robert Radmylde (d. 1457).27 Edmund served as MP for Oxfordshire and was knighted in 1465, leaving the reunited manor (together with Standhill manor in Pyrton) to his second wife Katherine, widow of John Gaynesford of Crowhurst (Surrey). Both manors were to support masses and ‘charitable deeds’ for ten years with reversion to Edmund’s heirs,28 and on Katherine’s death in 1498 they passed to her and Edmund’s grandson Sir William Rede (d. 1527) of Boarstall (Bucks.).29 In 1547 his son Leonard sold the manor (reckoned at c.500 a. in 1505) to his son- in-law Thomas Dynham of Piddington,30 who in 1552 sold half-shares to William Keate (d. 1554) of Hagbourne (Berks.) and Roger Ponsonby, rector of Checkendon.31 Keate’s son John acquired Ponsonby’s half after the latter’s death in 1555,32 and died in 1563 leaving an infant son also called John.33 Custody of the manor during the son’s minority belonged to his mother Frances, who before 1565 married Leonard Lidcott.34 John Keate came of age in 158335 and died in 1618, leaving an adult son Leonard (d.
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