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Physics at Lancaster Undergraduate 2014

Professor Henning Schomerus Admissions Tutor Physics Department Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB United Kingdom

T: +44(0) 1524 592261 E: [email protected] You can also follow us on Twitter and Facebook: @LancUniPhysics facebook.com/LancasterPhysics

Cover image: A solar prominence eruption observed in extreme ultraviolet light by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory. The light recorded in this image is emitted by singly ionised Helium confined by the Sun's magnetic field and corresponds to a temperature of approximately 50,000 degrees Celsius. Credit: NASA

The information given in this booklet was accurate at the time of writing. Lancaster University reserves the right to make changes at any time. www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Contents Undergraduate Physics 2014 02/03

03 Welcome to Lancaster 16 Theoretical Physics 34 Is Lancaster the place for me? 04 Studying Physics at Lancaster 17 Theoretical Physics with 36 Student finance 06 A guide to our teaching methods Mathematics 38 Interested? What next? 08 Projects 18 Physics (North America) 39 We are easy to find! Theoretical Physics with 10 Choosing your degree Mathematics (North America) 10 Courses and entry requirements 20 OpenPlus with the Open University 11 Degree scheme structure 21 International students Welcome to Lancaster 12 The physics syllabus 22 After your degree 13 Physics 24 Awards for academic scholarship 14 Astrophysics and Cosmology 26 Research at Lancaster 15 Particle Physics and Cosmology 32 Making you feel at home

I'm proud to be head of one of the top physics departments in the UK, recognised in successive league tables and surveys both for the high quality of its teaching and the originality and excellence of its research.

Obtaining a degree in physics is a programme that is constantly evolving in rewarding goal. By requiring us to put aside response to developments at the frontiers preconceptions and analyse the world from of the discipline, as well as student a scientific viewpoint, physics furthers our feedback, innovations from staff and understanding and can bring immense new ideas in physics education. intellectual satisfaction. It is important to I hope you will find something in this the department that we provide a rigorous prospectus to interest you. but engaging degree that allows our students to experience both the fascination and the challenges ahead. Whether carrying out research with colleagues at international facilities such as CERN or providing outreach events for the local community, Lancaster University’s Department of Physics strives to play a significant positive role in which our students have many opportunities to be involved. Through project work, extra- curricular activities and an open-door policy, we offer a unique and inclusive Professor Peter Ratoff ls study experience within a degree Head of Department ai et d se he Lancaster University Physics students can pride T themselves on a sense of community that is rarely BC T matched elsewhere.

When I first arrived at Lancaster University, important in making your time at Lancaster I was very impressed with how welcoming University the best experience possible. and helpful everyone was, especially in a We look forward to welcoming you in 2014! totally new environment where I didn't Lancaster University’s know anyone. Lancaster University Physics and Astronomy Society (LUPAS), Department of Physics which is run by students, works hard to involve everyone in the student strives to play a significant community, and to help create a good working relationship between students positive role in which our and lecturers. A social will be run in Freshers' Week which brings both new and students have many old physics students together and is a opportunities to be involved great opportunity to make new friends. Additionally, we run regular socials and academic talks throughout the year. Matt Roscoe Everyone soon finds themselves LUPAS President surrounded by new friends, which is www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 04/05

• the department's major involvement in regular informal contact with staff and may encounter. They will remain a point of particle physics collaborations at CERN, researchers. contact for you throughout your time at Studying Physic sat Lancaster Fermilab, and T2K in Japan, space Lancaster. Our department is committed to fostering a science experiments inside the Arctic and diverse, supportive community as a source How we assess your progress Antarctic circles, access to data from ESA of academic excellence, cultural enrichment, and NASA satellite missions, and the EU and social strength. We welcome applications There is a considerable amount of flagship on graphene. from those who would further our aim to continuous assessment as well as formal Our excellent links and reputation also create a positive atmosphere in which all examinations. All experiments, seminar set further the employment prospects of our students and staff are able to pursue the work and projects will count towards your graduates. development of their understanding of final degree mark. As a rough guide, your physics and the world around us. degree will be based 60% on examinations and 40% on coursework. We will keep you Our degree programmes are recognised for providing an outstanding physics A HIgHlY sUPPORTIvE lEARnIng Contact time fully informed of your results and progress at education underpinned by internationally leading research. EnvIROnMEnT Our students benefit from a favourable staff- all stages of the course. to-student ratio (1:10), which enables us to Our philosophy offer an open-door policy, small-group We value your feedback The quality of our teaching is reflected by that recognise the academic talents of score for overall satisfaction with the quality While we enjoy the merits of high league tutorials, and individually supervised We value your comments on our courses high positions in all league tables and top our students (see page 36). of the course (an average of 96% over the table positions and excellent research projects. Per year, you have about 375 and our teaching. We have a joint student- scores in successive National Student The reputation of our courses is reflected in past 5 years). assessments, we draw most of our contact hours with staff. We also provide staff committee, which includes elected Surveys, while our research is ranked top in satisfaction by witnessing the enthusiasm, material for homework and revision, with a student representatives from all year groups, consistently high league table positions. WORld-lEAdIn gREsEARCH the UK in the most recent government- Presently, we are ranked joint second in the engagement and achievements of our guideline number of 825 hours of self-study, to discuss academic issues. We also ask you to complete questionnaires about each commissioned Research Assessment Guardian University Guide and seventh in The teaching on our courses combines students. for which you can always rely on our staff for lecture unit as well as an end-of-year Exercise (RAE2008). As a friendly, medium- the Complete University Guide. fundamental concepts with cutting-edge The Department of Physics is a friendly, guidance and assistance. sized department we take great care to questionnaire. Furthermore, our students are extremely topics and is directly informed by our world- medium-sized department with about 40 provide an enjoyable, inspiring and supporting your study satisfied with their course - we receive leading experimental and theoretical permanent teaching staff and 350 students. supportive learning environment that In addition to contact with physics lecturers excellent scores in the National Student research ranging from pure to applied topics We welcome around 100 new students benefits all our students. through seminars and weekly office hours, Survey. This includes a consistently high (an overview of our present research each year across the range of physics activities is given on pages 26-31). courses. you will have a departmental academic An OUTsTAndIng EdUCATIOn advisor responsible for your academic well- In the latest Research Assessment Exercise As one of our students, you will be part of a being. You will also be assigned a college All of our degree programmes provide a (RAE2008), we were ranked as the top working community – your lecture rooms tutor responsible for providing advice and comprehensive state-of-the-art physics physics department in the country, with 70% and laboratories are alongside our offices assisting with any personal difficulties you education at the frontiers of the discipline. of our research rated at the world-leading and research areas; therefore, you will have We constantly update our syllabus in (4*) or internationally excellent (3*) level. We response to recent scientific developments, are a very dynamic department, and since skills required by employers, and feedback then have further widened our research from our students. activities by incorporating one of the leading Besides the strong research component space-science groups, and strengthened this includes career advice and training in many sections by attracting new staff. The essential transferrable skills embedded in department continues to receive substantial our programmes, the introduction of support of funding agencies and industry, industrial projects in 2013 (see page 8), and as well as direct investment by the University. the provision of summer internships. We This includes the creation of the unique also employ a Teaching Fellow, who helps Lancaster Quantum Technology Centre with us to keep up to date with the needs of our brand-new clean room facilities, in which we incoming students and new ideas in physics AIMEE HOPPER now manufacture and characterise qubits Graduated MPhys (Hons) in 2013 education. and other quantum nanodevices. Throughout your course, you receive During my degree I had the privilege of being Our courses are designed to link strongly lectures in modern theatres and have taught by many world class researchers, as to our research - we find that this not only RAPHAEl OYElAdE access to well-equipped teaching well as learning a huge amount about the provides the correct context of a Graduated MPhys (Hons) in 2013 laboratories, an astronomical observatory universe around us. From 2nd year, I was able contemporary physics education, but also to decide my own degree path by choosing and extensive computing facilities, all of engages and inspires our students and Four years in a degree does seem like a modules I believed most suited me, making long time but they have undoubtedly been which play an important role in learning. We contributes to excellent student-staff my very own custom-made Masters Degree. the most interesting, diverse and eventful regularly review our teaching resources, and This made it possible for me to focus on relations. This means that our students four years I can recall. I began not knowing in 2013 we invested a further £70K into our areas of physics that I found particularly benefit from if I would be cut-out for the world of physics undergraduate labs. Furthermore, we are interesting, and encouraged me to continue • a wide choice of advanced options but with every lecture, tutorial and seminar, centrally located on the campus, with all my academic career to PhD. As a and extensive research projects, taught I have been rewarded with the challenges facilities, including living accommodation department, I couldn't have asked for a better and supervised by leading experts in and the encouragement of a fantastic environment! The staff and students were and the University Library, within easy reach. their field, physics department and astoundingly always very helpful, and always willing to knowledgeable lecturers. I have Our programmes are fully accredited by the give you a minute (or 10!) of their time! In my • experimental labs culminating in the understood concepts I’d never imagined IOP and are recurrently validated through opinion, my time as part of the Physics handling of highly-specialised equipment, and have built up an arsenal of tools to take external teaching audits. Our graduates Department was challenging, thought- • access to world-leading facilities, me forward, not only in the fields of maths have excellent employment prospects and provoking, and definitely the best years and physics but indeed, to anywhere I including our unique low-temperature and regularly win competitive awards (see pages of my life! choose to go from here. quantum technology centres, 22-24). We value these achievements, and offer financial bursaries and scholarships www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 06/07

Aguid etoou rteachin gmethods

lectures and seminars laboratory work research projects of increasing complexity The university year is divided into 3 terms of Physics is an empirical science and in the following years. You have a wide 10 weeks. In a typical week you will have 12 laboratory work is an important element of choice of projects of a pure or applied, lectures, each lasting 50 minutes, in classes the course. You will spend approximately 6 experimental or theoretical nature. The of varying size. hours per week in the laboratory, working in topics are closely connected to our pairs and interacting closely with staff and research interests, allowing us to provide Weekly assignments set by the lecturer, CAllUM KIlBY other students. Demonstrators will be on expert guidance and supervision, and often perhaps from textbooks or past examination Fourth Year MPhys Physics with Particle hand to guide you and discuss your work. afford students opportunities to make an papers, will be chosen to reinforce the ideas Physics and Cosmology You will participate in demonstrations of the active contribution to actual research. These introduced during lectures. After attempting physical phenomena described in lectures, projects are further described on page 8, What makes Lancaster a really excellent these you will take part in 3-4 hours of learn to use scientific equipment and and current topics are listed throughout the physics department for Undergraduates is seminars per week where the lecturer will develop skills in taking measurements, description of the various degree schemes. the helpfulness and teaching ability of the run through the solutions and help with lecturers and staff. A good lecturer can drawing conclusions and writing reports. any difficulties. make the difference between an You will use computers to control experiments Computer programming and other incomprehensible wall of equations, and a In addition to the lecture material, you will be and to input, manipulate and analyse data. transferrable skills clearly and patiently explained topic, even expected to read from recommended texts. Physics makes extensive use of for the hardest subjects. The lecturers at The University Library has multiple copies computation in both experimental and Lancaster definitely make this difference. of our recommended course books and Projects theoretical work. All students are taught Quantum mechanics in second year ended research periodicals. In addition, there is A major goal of university-level degree up being a favourite module, the lecturer modern programming techniques, and a Physics Library in the Physics Building programmes is to develop your skills and was so good! More than this, they are always computational methods feature in a where our students can find a copy of many understanding to the level where you can patient and understanding if you don't get number of the advanced research projects. of the texts that are used in their lecture address the exciting open problems that something, no matter how basic, and are Throughout your project work, we also courses. abound in contemporary physics. always willing to take time out of their day familiarise you with report writing and to talk to you one on one if it would help. Throughout your course, you build up the presentation skills, which culminate in necessary skills by a succession of projects, talks at our mini-conferences. commencing with a small computer project in year two and progressing to open-ended

Lecturers are active in their research and have a real passion

gARETH dAvIEs for what they teach. graduated MPhys Physics in 2011. Gareth is undertaking a PhD in gravitational waves at the Institute of Gravitational Research, University of Glasgow.

The fact that the lecturers are active in their research means that they have a real passion for what they are teaching, and can explain how it fits into what they do. The laboratory work is a great example of this, where world- leading researchers teach you the methods they use every day.

Impressions from our labs and lectures. www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 08/09

All MPhys students undertake a major project in their final year with expert Projects guidance from a member of staff.

In the 3rd year, Physics students have the choice of taking the Practical Research Skills module or doing an Industrial Group Project.

nICHOlAs KAY graduated MPhys Physics in 2012 and is currently undertaking a PhD in Nanoscience at Lancaster. Based on his MPhys project on “The behaviour of graphene nanotrampolines”, he won the Receiving instructions in the ultra low temperature lab. 2012 Best Physics Student of the Year The aim of project work is to provide an the current research interests of the project SET (Science, Engineering and Technology) Award opportunity to study a particular subject in supervisor and often uncover new results, Team Tyco assembles their optical fire detector. depth and to further develop transferrable occasionally leading to a publication in a I studied for an MPhys at Lancaster and skills that are highly sought after by scientific journal. Some projects are enjoyed every minute of it. First of all there MATT ROsCOE prospective employers, such as conducted in collaboration with industry was an extensive selection of modules on graduated BSc Physics in 2013 independent study and thinking, planning, or other external agencies. offer which really allows you to pick topics that genuinely interest you. These modules Team Tyco was set the task of investigating time management, communication skills Each student writes up the results of their were taught by world experts in the field possible methods of accurate smoke (written and oral) and experimental or project in an individual final report, and and were portrayed with real enthusiasm. detection using optical methods for non- theoretical research techniques. Projects presents their work to fellow students and My favourite part of the MPhys scheme domestic settings such as schools, hospitals give our students an insight into physics staff members at a mini-conference at the involved a year-long project; this allows and hotels. Essentially, we looked at the way research and provide excellent training for students to work within one of the research light scatters from smoke and false alarms end of the summer term. Since it comes those who want to pursue a research career groups and study currently unsolved (such as steam) to distinguish between them. after the final exams the mini-conference in academia or industry. physics problems. The topic of my project The project was very open ended and as a has a relaxed and fun atmosphere, offering was in investigating a series of recently group we had to research, plan and budget The world-class research undertaken in our a chance to develop vital presentation and discovered materials. The support given to everything ourselves. The fact that there is department is reflected in the broad range of communication skills amongst friends. me as well as the enthusiasm shown by my no set lab script for the module was daunting project topics we offer, some examples of Research communication skills, including supervisors helped me to win an award for at first, but in hindsight it is a very good way of which are listed in the descriptions of the professional poster design, are taught in a the best Physics student within the UK that An undergraduate student presents her project work to some of her peers at our physics mini-conference. finding out first hand what it's like to solve a degree schemes. Students usually choose course given to MPhys and MSci students. year. The staff at Lancaster are very friendly real world problem in an industrial setting. their project topic from a similar list, which is It is not surprising that graduates often and they operate an open door policy Practical Research Skills includes a series efficacy of surface cleaning products, which makes it easy to approach lecturers sTEPHEn PEnnEY, EUR Ing renewed annually, but can also suggest their describe project work as the most useful, of short experiments in the Semiconductor reducing false alarms generated by about any problems you may have. Principal Engineer, Tyco Fire Protection own, subject to there being a suitable enjoyable and rewarding part of their degree Physics and Low Temperature Physics commercial smoke detectors and Products project supervisor specialised in the field. course, and that many stay on to study for a Laboratories, and a more extended investigating the properties of advanced For this reason projects are usually related to doctorate in the same field as their project. investigation in a Particle Physics Group materials incorporating nano-graphene. Whilst we were hopeful that the students Project. Practical Research Skills gives External partners for Industrial Group would find something to challenge them in students hands-on experience of the Projects range from multi-nationals with this project, we were pleasantly surprised at topics that drive much of the experimental turnover of ~£50bn to small, locally-based the calibre of the work. They showed initiative nATHAn dAvIEs in both structuring their work efficiently, and research in the Physics Department. companies. graduated MPhys Physics with Theoretical Physics and selecting aspects of the study to ensure that stayed on to complete his PhD in the Lancaster Alternatively, students can choose to do Practical Research Skills and Industrial their work complemented our own, resulting Condensed Matter Theory Group in 2013. He is shown an extended industrially-oriented project, Group Projects involve open-ended in some useful research. here being brought up to speed with quantum electronic occupying 15 weeks in the lab. A team of investigation, and help to develop a range transport. 4 to 6 students work together on a ‘real life’ of transferrable skills such as team working, WAYnE dIllOn problem in collaboration with a company time and project management and Third Year MPhys Physics I can't imagine not having done the 4th year project, while it or other external organisation. Students are communication skills, all of which are highly was some of the hardest work I did in my degree, it was also The industrial project was a brilliant by far the most stimulating and rewarding. While working on expected to research, plan and execute their valued by employers. Report-writing is a key opportunity to experience how research is your project you are doing real research alongside project themselves, including obtaining or form of assessment for projects, and all 3rd undertaken in a company, which was very approachable and genuinely interested staff, research that building any apparatus. Recent examples and 4th year students present their project different to any of the lab work we had done could get published. I most definitely learned a lot working include developing an automated, work at our annual mini-conference at the before. We were given a great deal of on my project, including how physical principles can be used reproducible method for assessing the end of the summer term. freedom in deciding how to approach the to study a new real life system. I also, and more importantly, problem and in conducting the research, discovered what kind of physics I liked doing and what kind which gave us an immense sense of of work I really wanted to do following my degree. Without a achievement when things started to doubt this was what prompted me to study for my PhD. come together. www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 10/11

Choosing you r Courses and entr y Degree schem estructure degree requirements

We offer a choice of physics degrees at the master’s (MPhys, MSci) CODE DEGREE SCHEME INDICATIVE YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 or bachelor's (BSc) degree level. The BSc degrees take 3 years to A-LEVEL complete whereas the MPhys and MSci degrees comprise 4 years of study. MPHYs And MsCI COURsEs (4 YEARs) The content of the first 3 years of our master's degrees is identical F303 MPhys (Hons) Physics Physics Core I Physics Core II Physics Core III Physics Core Iv Mechanics Quantum Mechanics Atomic Physics Extended Project to the corresponding bachelor's degree but, in addition, the 4th year F3F5 MPhys (Hons) Physics, Astrophysics and Electric & Magnetic Fields Electromagnetism Particle Physics of our master's degrees provides the opportunity to study physics E Thermodynamics Waves and Optics Cosmology R Statistical Physics in greater depth and to undertake an extended research project. A*AA O Quantum Physics Properties of Matter Solid State Physics C F373 MPhys (Hons) Physics with Particle Laboratory Special Relativity

n Project Skills

MPhys and MSci degrees are ideal if you are planning a career as a O Physics and Cosmology Maths Core Particles and Nuclei professional physicist, and are the recommended route into higher M Computer Programming

M Vectors F321 MPhys (Hons) Theoretical Physics research degrees (MSc or PhD). However, a good result from a O Calculus further Mathematics BSc course can also allow you to continue your studies at the C Series Methods Further Linear Algebra F305 MPhys (Hons) Physics (North America) A*AA postgraduate level, or to enter a teacher-training programme. Complex Methods Partial Differential Equations Year 3 spent in the USA Vector Calculus Fourier Methods Furthermore, all of our degrees seek to provide you with general or Canada and specialist skills valued by employers in both the private and public sectors. (More details on graduate destinations can be F3G1 MSci (Hons) Theoretical Physics with Mathematics found on page 22). Physics Laboratory Research Skills: 6 Optional Courses s In addition to our physics degree we offer a range of degree F3G5 MSci (Hons) Theoretical Physics with A*AA Advanced Laboratories Y (North H specialisations. These courses share common physics content Mathematics Particle Physics Project P M America) Year 3 spent in OR: Industrial Project in the first year, where our students undertake lectures in core O

the USA or Canada T

3 Optional Courses E physics, experimental labs, and mathematics courses that equip s U Y n H them with tools for tackling problems in physics. After the first year BsC COURsEs (3 YEARs) I P T M n you will continue to attend core physics lectures with all of your E

F300 BSc (Hons) Physics O T C fellow physics students, but this will then be supplemented by Astrophysics Astronomy Stellar Astrophysics Advanced Relativity A R s F3FM BSc (Hons) Physics, Astrophysics and U E advanced lecture courses that are specific to your degree O & Cosmology Introductory Astrophysics Big Bang Cosmology and Gravitation d s C Cosmology A R Introductory Cosmology Research Skills: Current Cosmology schemes. Typically 25%-30% of your second year courses will be s R U

AAA B

Astrophysics Lab 4 Optional Courses g O related to your choice of speciality. In the third and fourth year you F372 BSc (Hons) Physics with Particle E C

Cosmology Project T A have further choices of advanced courses and projects that let Physics and Cosmology C I

2 Optional Courses U f I you tailor the degree to your interests. This includes a wide range d C F340 BSc (Hons) Theoretical Physics A E R

of options which you can use to explore other specialisations in P g s physics. An overview of the degree scheme structure is given on F3GC BSc (Hons) Theoretical Physics with - AAA E page 11. The common core syllabus is described on page 12, Mathematics M Particle Physics Astronomy Flavour Physics Advanced Relativity E and the details for each scheme are described on pages 13-16. H & Cosmology Particle Physics Lab Big Bang Cosmology and Gravitation C

s Introductory Cosmology Groups and Symmetries Current Cosmology We also offer an MSci in Theoretical Physics with Mathematics, All degrees require physics and mathematics at A-level or Particle Physics Lab Further Particle Physics which is a good option for students with a keen interest in the equivalent. Please note that all applications are considered on Cosmology Project Gauge Theory mathematical aspects of physics. Here you also attend lectures an individual basis. Applicants may be invited for interview. 1 Optional Courses 2 Optional Courses in pure mathematics given in the Department of Mathematics International Baccalaureate: 38pts (=A*AA) or 36pts (=AAA) and Statistics, beginning already in year one (see page 17 for overall with 17pts from three HL subjects including physics and further details). mathematics with typically 6pts or 7pts in each. Theoretical Analytical Mechanics Research Skills: Advanced Magnetism & Finally, we run one of the best developed North American exchange Physics Field Theory Complex Analysis Alternative Qualifications: We welcome enquiries from applicants Quantum Nanophysics programmes. This can be combined with any of the four-year Introductory Cosmology Advanced Quantum Methods with alternative qualifications and strongly recommend our OpenPlus Quantum Transport degrees (MPhys and MSci) and allows students to spend their Theory Project degree operated in partnership with the Open University as a flexible 4 Optional Courses third year studying in the USA or Canada (see pages 18-19). 3 Optional Courses route to joining us (see page 20). Transferring between courses International students: Please note that the requirements presented here are aimed mainly at UK students. We do accept a range of You have the flexibility to transfer between all MPhys and BSc overseas qualifications. The Lancaster experience of international courses at any time up until the end of the first term of the Optional courses in Year 3&4 include courses from other degree schemes and additional advanced topics, e.g. students is described on page 21. second year. Astronomy, Cosmology I&II, Space Physics, Groups & Symmetries, Flavour Physics, Gauge Theories, Experimental Particle Physics, For further information, please refer to our web-site or contact the Quantum Information, Quantum Transport, Advanced Relativity & Gravitation, Advanced Electromagnetism, Advanced Magnetism, It is also possible to change from a 3 year to a 4 year degree course, Admissions Tutor (see page 38). Matter at Low Temperatures, Fluids, Lasers, Semiconductors, Global Warming, Energy, Computer Modelling if marks are sufficiently high. A change from a 4 to a 3 year course is possible provided that this takes place well before the end of your third year. www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 12/13

The physics syllabus Physics UCAS code: F303 (MPhys), F300 (BSc)

Our MPhys and BSc degree schemes combine a common core, which covers Our Physics degree provides a broad conceptual and working knowledge of essential topics of fundamental and modern physics, with advanced subjects physics along with key transferrable skills which will enable you to embark on a at the forefront of their discipline. wide variety of career paths. first year second year In your first year, the physics element of your The courses in the second year introduce studies will consolidate your pre-university you to the fundamental theories on which knowledge, building upon basic physical most of modern physics is built: concepts and providing the understanding electromagnetism, thermodynamics, necessary for the second year. The course quantum mechanics, and special relativity. will also develop your mathematical skills and You will also learn about the properties of equip you with useful techniques for making elementary particles. quantitative physical predictions. The computing module not only aims to Topics discussed include Newtonian develop your programming techniques, kinematics, Newton's laws, force, energy, but is also the setting of your first project, momentum and angular momentum. We in which you take your first steps in planning, introduce you to the applications of execution, and reporting of your own fundamental mechanics to real many-body independent work. JEss WERREll Third Year MPhys Physics, Astrophysics systems including gravitation, planetary In this year, the content of the optional and Cosmology motion, simple harmonic motion, pendulums element is fixed by the degree scheme. and elementary fluid mechanics. My first two years at Lancaster have been The basic structure is outlined on page 11. allows us to provide a wide range of high- You will learn about the thermal properties Third and fourth year very enjoyable. I like the way the Physics In addition to the core curricula, students are course is structured, covering a broad range level projects. Some recent examples are: of matter, kinetic theory, phase changes In year three, you learn more about the main during the common first year before taught the key skills required to perform • Self-assembled quantum dots and the first law of thermodynamics. Waves, areas of modern physics in which these state-of-the-art experiments. Skills include choosing options for the remaining years. • Scanning force microscopy optics and many connected phenomena fundamental theories are applied—atomic measurement techniques, project planning, are discussed. You will also study electric physics, particle physics, statistical physics, report writing and presentation delivery. • Nanomechanical resonators and magnetic fields. After gaining this and condensed-matter (solid state) physics. Students will use and become familiar with a • Thermophotovoltaic cells quantitative understanding of classical wide range of sophisticated equipment and In each scheme, you will learn about • Ultra-miniaturised sensors physics, you will be introduced to the A major element of this year is the open- associated software. Laboratory work will specialised applications, in the form of ended project, in which you tackle a research • Nano-scale imaging microscopy problems that require the introduction of advanced lectures and labs with specialist complement the core physics modules, a modern quantum understanding of problem of your specialisation under the giving greater insights into how modern • Quantum turbulence equipment, such as cryostats, particle dedicated guidance of an experienced the world. detectors, and our telescopes. physics is performed. • Superfluid helium-4 in aerogel academic. JAMEs HOWARTH Laboratory classes are an integral part of You also have a choice of options from a Experiments will recreate some of the • Nonlinear dynamics in biological ion If you carry on into year four you have the Second Year MPhys Physics the first year course. You will learn essential range of topics reflecting the most recent key discoveries in physics, such as the channels experimental techniques and computer chance to further deepen your knowledge quantisation of light, the existence of nuclei areas of interest in modern-day physics. in advanced lectures, and to contribute • Microelasticity of biological and I was first drawn to Lancaster due to its skills necessary to enable you to make and electrons, the quantum nature of impressive research standards and the Studying topics such as cosmology, matter actively to the research of our leading biomimetic materials measurements, account for any at low temperatures or lasers and their particles and wave-particle duality. fascinating areas in which that research was uncertainties, and then interpret your results groups. This is a highly rewarding experience, Students will be able to co-ordinate their • Wind electricity generation being done. Whilst studying at Lancaster applications, not only brings you right up to which is thoroughly enjoyed by our students. accurately. You will measure a range of date with the latest scientific theories and own investigations using: • Solar wind: origin and evolution you are taught by a variety of lecturers, all of For details on these projects see page 8. whom are experts in their field and leading fundamental constants, often based on • Cryostats to cool materials down to 1 techniques but also allows you to explore • Creation of artificial aurora researchers in various areas of physics. This quantum effects. Our module in degree above absolute zero in order to and enjoy the range and depth of the field • Pressure-induced electrical signals is really demonstrated by the outstanding Communication Skills is an integral part of of physics. observe exotic phenomena such as this course and will help train you to present in granite quality of teaching and the enthusiasm with superfluid helium and superconductors which they teach the course. In addition the your findings clearly and concisely to others. • Ultrasonic measurements • Computer controlled state-of-the-art department operates an office hour policy The mathematical element of the first year particle detectors to investigate cosmic • Infrared avalanche photodiodes ensuring every week at least one hour is set aside for students to ask any questions they course demonstrates how a wide variety rays reaching the Earth's surface • Light analogues of matter waves of physical problems can be solved by the may have. You also conduct a wide variety of application of mathematical methods. • X-ray crystallography to investigate Students can also choose from a multitude experiments from various areas of physics, You will be introduced to new mathematical atomic structure. of options related to the research allowing you to get a first-hand experience of all the things you’ve covered in lectures. techniques during lectures, and you will Physics students are also able to undertake specialisations in the other degree schemes. Though lab sessions are hard work, the develop your skills by tackling exercises in extended projects, researching a topic of benefits to your understanding and the weekly workshops. their choice. Our strong research activity fascinating topics of experimentation easily make up for this. www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 14/15

Astrophysics an dCosmology Particl ePhysic sand Cosmology UCAS code: F3F5 (MPhys), F3FM (BSc) UCAS code: F373 (MPhys), F372 (BSc)

Our degrees in Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology The Universe is a mysterious place! How did it form? Where does mass come develop your understanding of the relationship from? What is the nature of the "dark matter" or "dark energy" which we cannot between the physical laws of the Universe and the see and which accounts for almost all of the mass of the Universe? astrophysical and cosmological domains.

Where did all the anti-matter go? What are the properties of the elusive neutrino? How BEllA BOUldERsTOnE can we truly understand the Universe in Third Year MPhys Physics with Particle which we live when there are still so many Physics and Cosmology unanswered questions? I decided to study particle physics and All of these questions are addressed by cosmology because I find the differences research into particle physics and between the quantum world and the cosmology. Lancaster particle physicists Newtonian world fascinating – especially work at state-of-the-art particle how all of that corresponds to the birth of accelerators (CERN's LHC, JPARC's neutrino the Universe and how we got here today. beam and, until its recent shut-down, at I am very glad that I came to Lancaster Fermilab's Tevatron) to investigate and University, the course is great, the people identify the nature of space and time via are as enthusiastic as I first found them and new particles such as the Higgs, while the I wouldn't want to be anywhere else. sARAH sMEdlEY resident cosmologists employ all of their graduated MPhys Physics, Astrophysics creative and mathematical abilities to A Star Party in our observatory. Star V838 Monocerotis. Credits: NASA, ESA and H.E. Bond (STScI). and Cosmology in 2011. Sarah is currently Testing our 'Baby Prototype' layer of a neutrino detector. explain the early history of the Universe in carrying out a PhD in astrophysics at the a way that complements and supports Project topics include: University of Cambridge observational and experimental data. In addition to a thorough grounding in • The observable Universe • Search for the Higgs particle at the LHC I completed many interesting modules This expertise is translated into an exciting, Quantum Physics and Electromagnetism in • Advanced relativity and gravity • T2K – neutrino oscillations your first year, this degree scheme includes during my degree. I enjoyed my MPhys modern physics course based on the • Physics of stars • The physics of B-quark particles at ATLAS lectures on Astronomy, Introductory project the most because I was able to use foundation of our core physics program. the departmental telescope to take new data • Dark matter and galaxy formation Astrophysics and Introductory Cosmology • The early Universe and attempt to interpret what I found. My subjects include: • W bosons for polarimetry at electron- in your second year. • The hot Big Bang fourth year was challenging, but it was also • Big Bang cosmology positron colliders Our teaching of astrophysics and • Stellar and particle astrophysics incredibly rewarding. The range of modules offered by the department is wide so I was • The origin of large scale structure of • Characterisation of silicon sensors for cosmology at Lancaster is enhanced by • Recent advances in astrophysics and our observatory, the Dame Kathleen able to tailor my degree to my interests, thus the Universe ATLAS cosmology making it very enjoyable. The support of the Ollerenshaw Observatory, named after a • Designing intense positron beams staff in the department, mixed with a lot of • Dark matter former pro-Chancellor of the University. • Laboratory in observational astrophysics hard work, helped me to secure a PhD place • Fundamental particle theory • Dimuon charge asymmetry at Tevatron You will have the opportunity to use the • Cosmological modelling (computer at the University of Cambridge to continue • Gauge theories and grand unification • Quarkonium physics with ATLAS telescope either through course work or project) my quest to become a researcher/lecturer. as part of a full year research project. The • Particle acceleration and detection some of the recent and current main instrument is a 356 mm Schmidt- • Flavour physics Cassegrain reflecting telescope, with project topics are: In addition to learning about the Universe imaging carried out either visually or via a • Variable stars Candidate for a Higgs-boson decaying to 4 leptons, CCD camera. The CCD camera can be used discovered at CERN with direct involvement of the Lancaster on its largest and its smallest scales during • Stellar spectra Particle Physics Group. to take black and white or colour images. the first 3 years, MPhys students will have The telescope can also be fitted with a high- • Lunar topography an opportunity to collaborate with one of resolution spectrometer. The astrophysics • Radio fluctuations of the sun the active researchers in the department on a final year project. This allows our laboratory attached to the observatory • Exo-planet transits supports associated experimental course students to explore some of the key • The impact of solar flares on cosmic work for optical and radio astronomy using questions more fully, and contribute radio noise a number of smaller instruments. towards finding the answers. • Relic particles in the Universe (dark matter) Course topics include: • A model of inflationary cosmology • Measurement and astronomy • Origin of large-scale structure of the • Structure of the Universe Universe • Special relativity www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 16/17

Theoretica lPhysics Theoretica lPhysics with Mathematics UCAS code: F321 (MPhys), F340 (BSc) UCAS code: F3G1 (MSci), F3GC (BSc)

Which mathematical laws govern the natural world? How can we best make Physics and mathematics enjoy a symbiotic relationship. accurate predictions or deduce macroscopic properties of matter from microscopic While mathematics provides physicists with The final-year MSci TPM programme descriptions? Which model describes a system or phenomenon most accurately the most appropriate language to formulate includes advanced courses in nanoscience, and efficiently? laws of nature, physics often motivates the quantum fluids, general relativity, elementary development of new mathematical tools, particle physics, and an individual research thus, giving birth to new branches of pure project carried out under the guidance of a and applied mathematics. Examples of member of the Centre for Nanoscale fundamental mathematical concepts that Dynamics and Mathematical Physics. The produced powerful tools of modern centre’s research was ranked among the theoretical physics include: strongest in the UK by the RAE2008. The • symmetry groups and operator algebras, research interests of the centre span over: with numerous applications in quantum • low-dimensional materials and mechanics nanostructures, such as graphene • functional analysis, in application to field • quantum many-body theory of ultra-cold HAnnAH ROBERTs theories atomic condensates and quantum Hall Third Year MSci Theoretical Physics with Mathematics • Riemannian geometry, in relation to effect special and general relativity • quantum information and optics The physics department is very welcoming Our Theoretical Physics with Mathematics • space-time geometry of ultra-relativistic and supportive and the staff go out of their way to help you; any problems you have (TPM) degree combines core physics and plasmas are dealt with in a timely manner by very dOM ROsE specialised theoretical physics courses • continuum mechanics for industrial accommodating people. The wide range Third Year MPhys Theoretical Physics taught by the Physics Department with applications of interesting course and module options classes in pure and applied mathematics available mean I can tailor my degree to I visited a number of universities before The special blend of physics and provided by the Mathematics Department. suit me and find the perfect balance of selecting Lancaster to do my physics mathematics included in our MSci TPM For instance, this allows you to learn how theoretical physics and maths. The small degree. I was impressed with the Physics course opens up unique career class sizes mean we are on good terms Department and its commitment to quantum mechanics is underpinned by opportunities in industry, education, with the lecturers and there is a sense of supporting students and research. Now at the powerful mathematical concept of a and for PhD studies. camaraderie between all the students on the end of my third year I have found my Hilbert space. the course, making my time here Theoretical Physics degree both challenging thoroughly enjoyable. and rewarding. Through the support of the university I have received funding for a research project in the summer of 2013, and am looking forward to the challenges Msci/Bsc Theoretical Physics with Maths degree scheme structure Quite possibly the most astonishing aspect Lancaster Theoretical Physics is dedicated of my MPhys in my final year. of the world around us is that so much of it to the study of nature on all scales, from the can be understood using a relatively small quantum world of microscopic matter and YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 number of physical laws; a few well-chosen nanomaterials to geometry of curved Research Project: mathematical equations can describe a vast spacetime and the large-scale structure range of physical phenomena. Theoretical of the cosmos. Our broad range of MPhys students on this degree scheme Physics Core I Physics Core II Physics Core III Physics Core Iv Mechanics Quantum Mechanics Atomic Physics Extended Project physicists devote themselves to uncovering internationally recognised research undertake an individual research project in Electric & Magnetic Fields Electromagnetism Particle Physics I 3 Optional Courses, eg

activities makes use of the two main pillars theoretical physics in their final year, carried C the simplest possible set of principles that Thermodynamics Waves and Optics Statistical Physics s Advanced Relativity M describe experimental observation. Their of modern theoretical physics: quantum out under the guidance of a member of the Quantum Physics Special Relativity Solid State Physics and Gravitation O

Laboratory Particles and Nuclei Adv Quantum Methods T Adv Electromagnetism work focuses on developing and mechanics and relativity, which also Theoretical Physics Group. Some areas of Physics Skills Theory Project E Quantum Information U investigating the most appropriate underpin the specialist teaching in this recent projects include: I n Analytical Mechanics Computational Methods (see page 11 for more) C I s mathematical laws and deducing the degree scheme. • Gravitational waves 1 Optional Course T M n

E essence of physical phenomena. The A degree in theoretical physics equips you O T

• Quantum computation C

A resulting microscopic and higher-level R

with analytical skills that are in high demand U O

• Physics of graphene d

descriptions provide the foundation of many C

in academic and industrial research. Our A s R

• Topological superconductors B

branches of modern science and are a vital theoretical physics degree exposes you g

Mathematics I Mathematics II Mathematics III E Mathematics Iv component of technological innovation. to advanced topics in quantum theory, • Photonic crystals T Calculus Real and Complex Analysis 2 Optional Course from: A Topology and Fractals electromagnetism, condensed matter, U • Geometry and electrodynamics Geometry Linear Algebra Hilbert Spaces d One Advanced Option: gravitation and cosmology, and elementary Matrices Group Theory Differential Equations A Hilbert Spaces R

particle physics. Our MPhys students are often afforded the Probability Groups & Symmetries g Differential Equations opportunity to study towards a PhD in the Numbers Representation Theory Groups and Symmetry Theoretical Physics Group. Differential Equations Operator Theory www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 18/19

Physics (North America) Theoretica lPhysics with Mathematics (North America) UCAS code: F305 (MPhys), F3G5 (MSci)

A physics degree with a year in the USA or Canada

A year studying in North America provides Prior to the year abroad you will be given a unique opportunity to extend your higher every assistance with both academic and educational experience to the challenging administrative aspects of the exchange. environment of a select US or Canadian The North America tutor in the Physics university. You will be able to broaden your Department will guide you in choosing a study of physics within a totally different study programme best suited to your academic and cultural context. Many former interests, and will ensure that you are well Lancaster students attest to the value of prepared both for the year abroad and for their year abroad for their personal your subsequent return to Lancaster. development and the enhancement of You will also be given advice on matters of their long-term career prospects. general concern: insurance, obtaining a visa, You take the year abroad as the 3rd year of travel, banking and other financial aspects. a 4-year MPhys or MSci degree. Whilst in A number of bursaries are available on a Lancaster, you will study on one of the competitive basis for assistance towards standard degree schemes outlined on the the costs of travel. During the year abroad preceding pages. The courses taken in you will be in regular contact with a 'study North America are chosen to be similar to abroad' tutor at the host university and those you would have studied in Lancaster (by e-mail) with the Lancaster tutor. Every so that you will smoothly fit back in on your effort is made to enhance and maximise TIM PATRICK return. All the work that you do whilst in North your cultural experience during your graduated MPhys Physics (North America) America is assessed and counts towards study abroad. in 2012. As part of his degree he spent a your final degree. Lancaster has the greatest year at Michigan State University. experience of any UK institution in Entry requirements organising North American exchange Our North American courses are both more My year in America has been the most exciting year of my life so far, full of new programmes, with more than 50 co- competitive and more demanding than operating US and Canadian institutions. experiences. My time at MSU has broadened many of our other degree schemes. If, after my horizons and given me mountains of At present, physics students can choose interviewing you, we are unable to make you confidence. A year studying abroad is an between the following universities: an offer for F305 or F3G5, we will as an experience everyone should try! alternative consider you for one of our other In UsA In Canada degree schemes. Depending on progress in • Iowa State • McMaster your first year and the availability of places • Michigan State • Trent on the North American exchange • Purdue • Western programme, it may be possible for you to • Georgia transfer into the programme at the end of • Kentucky first year. • Maryland • North Carolina, Charlotte • Illinois This list is constantly reviewed and arrangements with other universities may be possible on request.

Overleaf: Physics department at MSU (Credits: David Wilson) and some other impressions by our Physics (North America) students during their year studying (and playing) abroad. www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 20/21

OpenPlus with the Open University Internationa lstudents

Lancaster University in partnership with the Open University offers a flexible route Lancaster is an international university and our campus community is friendly, to a degree in physics for prospective students without A-level maths and physics vibrant and cosmopolitan. Our staff and research students originate from many (or their equivalent). different continents, including Europe, Asia, Australasia and America.

Typically two or three years are spent The standard Physics scheme is shown In the Department of Physics, our We greatly value the diversity of our studying part time with the Open University, below, but all of the options described in undergraduate students are mainly from the international students and encourage allowing you to combine study with other pages 13-18 of this booklet are available. UK, so our international students are given applications from students with a wide responsibilities or full time employment. In your first year at Lancaster (year 2) ample opportunity to mix, work and socialise range of academic qualifications. Please Successful completion of this component fundamental topics are explained further with UK physics students. contact us directly for further information on allows direct transfer into the second year of and you will be given training in advanced Support for international students at how your qualifications relate to our entry our full-time Physics BSc at Lancaster. You mathematical techniques. Also you will be Lancaster is second to none. Lancaster requirements: study for a further two years as a full time introduced to more advanced physics University's International Student [email protected] student and graduate with a Lancaster topics in such areas as relativity and nuclei Advisory Service Please note that Lancaster Physics University BSc degree in Physics. Based on & particles. A useful transferable skill learnt http://www.lancs.ac.uk/sbs/international/ Department Scholarships are available to academic performance, students can also in year 2 is object-oriented computer provides dedicated support for both overseas students (see page 36). qualify to study at Lancaster for a third year programming, an essential tool for later prospective and current international and graduate with an MPhys degree – the projects and a useful ability for future students. Throughout the application usual qualification for a professional employment. In year 3, you will see further process you will be able to access IdA lARsEn CAlAn APPAdU physicist. applications of quantum mechanics in core comprehensive advice on how to prepare Third Year MPhys Physics with Space graduated MPhys Theoretical Physics courses, as well as taking a number of for studying at Lancaster, including Science How does it work? on our OpenPlus scheme in 2013 optional modules from a selection covering guidance about obtaining visas, travelling The reason why I chose Physics at In your first two years of part time study with I've just completed my Theoretical Physics many of the most recent areas of discovery to Lancaster, planning your costs and Lancaster University was because of MPhys and it was very rewarding. In the final the OU (your foundation year and year one) in physics, allowing you to explore and enjoy accessing medical care in the UK. the high student ratings and the Physics year, you have to balance studying for your you will get a thorough grounding in basic the range and depth of physics knowledge Department being one of the best in classes and working on your research Once you are here we aim to help you settle physics and mathematics via distance- and graduate with a BSc. If you stay with us England. As an international student, I was project. It wasn't easy, but having studied in as quickly as possible. The International learning courses. for a further year for an MPhys, you will hear worried it was going to be difficult settling with the OU meant that I was accustomed Student Advisory Service runs a number of down, but the lecturers have an open door Experimental work is included to give you more about the frontier topics in physics to managing my own time and working events during Introductory Week designed policy and are happy to help if you have any the experience and background knowledge and undertake a significant research-based independently. Overall I had a great to help you embrace life in a new country. sort of problem, or even if you just want to project. experience at Lancaster University, it was necessary to undertake laboratory work in These events continue throughout term- talk. The atmosphere in the department is definitely worth continuing my degree here physics at degree level. On successful Students apply for entry to the OpenPlus time and include a number of excursions to amazing; everyone is friendly, welcoming through the OpenPlus scheme. The transition RAHUl dAss completion of all the OU courses you will scheme directly to the Physics admissions interesting and historic locations such as and encouraging. It is also a very from the OU isn't seamless: you have to graduated MPhys Theoretical Physics be equipped to transfer to Lancaster office, not to UCAS. If you would like to spend York, Chester and the Lake District, international community with many lecturers adapt to different lecturing styles and course in 2013 University as a full-time student to complete being from all over the world, and if needed a year in Canada or USA, please ensure that materials. However, the lecturers are very providing you with the opportunity to explore they will help you with the transition to a new your degree. At Lancaster, you will study we are made aware of this when you make approachable so don't hesitate to ask for your new home in a friendly, supportive The past four years at Lancaster has truly culture. My stay at Lancaster University has the required core courses and the courses your application. help if you have any issue whatsoever environment. A termly newsletter will keep been a life changing experience for me. been fantastic so far, and I look forward to associated with your degree specialism. you informed of exciting social events such I came to the UK, with aspirations of being spending the next couple of years at this as our International Student Evening, where taught by leading researchers in different areas in physics, especially with regard to wonderful university. you are guaranteed a fun night of great food particle physics and relativity. The lecturers OpenPlus degree scheme structure and entertainment! were not only most helpful when I faced Throughout your time as an international problems during my modules but what student at Lancaster, the International helped me gain tremendous self- OPEn UnIvERsITY YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 Student Advisory Service will provide confidence was the fact that they were very support and advice on a wide range of encouraging when we discussed current research topics using all the knowledge I issues. Important topics are covered by a Physics gained since starting this degree. The most Physics Core II Physics Core III Physics Core Iv comprehensive range of leaflets, available Practicing Science Quantum Mechanics Atomic Physics Extended Project enjoyable aspect was when I worked on my both in hard-copy and on the web. You may The Physical World Electromagnetism Particle Physics s MPhys project, as I had the opportunity to Y Practical Physics C prefer to make an appointment for an Waves and Optics Statistical Physics H study what excited me the most in physics s P B Mathematics Properties of Matter Solid State Physics informal, confidential chat with one of our in great detail and upon completion it M E

T Using Mathematics Special Relativity Project Skills E motivated me to pursue a career in

A International Student Advisors. Whether T U Exploring Mathematics Particles and Nuclei A fundamental research. Ultimately, with U Computer Programming d helping you deal with culture shock or d A happiness, incredible friendship and such R A providing practical help as you become R g an intense education, I leave Lancaster

g familiar with a new academic system, our much the richer thanks to this whole Physics Laboratory Advanced Laboratories 6 Optional Courses advisors have a wealth of experience to Particle Physics Project (see page 11) experience. 3 Optional Course help you make the most of your time studying at Lancaster. www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 22/23

After your degree

Physics is an exciting subject that is A few of our graduates Enhancing your prospects fundamental to the developments in modern society. Studying physics at Lancaster will not only give you opportunities to explore research Applications of the subject range from the in an academic environment. If you are very pure to the very applied, and a physics interested, you can also explore the degree opens up a wide range of rewarding significance of physics in industry, or take up careers in scientific research and extracurricular activities with our Teaching technological development, as well as in Fellow in a school environment. Industry and a wide variety of other professions. outside agencies contribute to the range of Many of our graduates carry on with a our third and fourth year projects and fund research degree or enter employment some departmental research in a number of that directly relies on their specialist skills. areas, including optoelectronics and lasers, Physics graduates are in high demand scanning probe microscopy, applications of across many industries, including ERICA RICHARds (pictured right) CHRIs POOlE graphene, and mathematical physics. These semiconductor industries, medical and graduated MSci Theoretical Physics with Software Engineer at IBM. Graduated links with outside organisations are of telecommunication businesses, civil and Mathematics in 2011. MPhys Theoretical Physics in 2007 and benefit to all our students when they seek defence research, public health programmes stayed on to complete a PhD with our This department is one of the most fun and employment. We also run sessions with and teaching. Many scientists originally Condensed Matter Theory Group in 2012. rewarding to be included in, due largely to the career advice, organise an employers trained in physics are working in areas such remarkable amount of support offered and Working for IBM, I often draw on the skills and exhibition, and arrange internships on and as electronic engineering, metallurgy, the facilities made available. The broad experience I gained while studying off campus, while the University offers the geology, information technology and variety of courses and modules on offer Theoretical Physics at Lancaster. As well as Lancaster Award to round off and enhance molecular biology. Our students also find allowed for me to choose my ideal degree, gaining presentation and other soft skills, your education. employment in a wide range of other careers covering a wide range of theoretical physics the course helped me improve my problem where they are valued because of general and maths topics. Moreover, on completion solving abilities. In my fourth year I studied skills gained during the course such as of my degree I have found that a wide range the very latest developments in theoretical logical thinking, problem solving, of careers are open to me. I am starting a condensed matter physics, which led me teaching career where I hope to eventually to decide to stay on for a PhD. At IBM, communication skills, teamwork, numeracy focus on teaching A-level maths, helping to I'm required to balance several business and computer literacy. Examples include provide others with the opportunity of a commitments at once, including software consulting, finance, computer programming, university experience as fulfilling as mine engineering, running outreach events, driving and accountancy, as well as managerial and has been. ideas through to implementation, and writing administrative positions. technical documentation. Physics at Lancaster has helped me succeed in all of The early careers of our students these areas, and is a great starting point for a career in any technical sector.

41% 11% AnT ROss I decided to move away from physics dR PETER CARRIngTOn graduated from Lancaster in September research and use my programming skills to obtained both his MPhys and PhD degrees 2012 with a PhD in Physics help create the sequel to the computer game from Lancaster Physics Department, which inspired me to take up physics in the winning the Chancellor's Medal in 2005 and IdA lARsEn As an undergraduate I chose to specialise in first place. receiving his PhD in 2009. He has won an (in front in blue clothes) – Third Year MPhys 18% astrophysics and cosmology; I had always 14% award for his research from the British student, on her 2013 summer internship been interested in space-related subjects Career Highlights: Vacuum Council, and in 2012 he was arranged by our Space Science Group 16% thanks to a particular computer game I MPhys in Physics with Astrophysics and JAMEs CORnIsH (pictured left) awarded a five year Fellowship from the enjoyed in childhood. After completion of Cosmology at Lancaster University During my internship at ALOMAR at Andøya Consultant, BAE Systems Detica. Royal Academy of Engineering. my Masters project I decided to continue Rocket Range, I am learning to use and PhD in Experimental Particle Physics at Graduated from Lancaster in 2011 with studying how the Universe ended up as it analyse the riometer and its data in addition Lancaster University MPhys Physics. Above he is seen visiting us My time at Lancaster has certainly prepared did by working towards a PhD in particle me well for a career in physics research. The to operating different types of Lidars. What PostDoc at Lancaster University working on at our annual employers exhibition. PhD (research degree) physics. This allowed me to spend time most rewarding part of my undergraduate we are doing is studying different parts of the living and working in an international matter-antimatter asymmetry with the DZero  Working for BAE Systems Detica, I routinely degree was the 4th year project which enabled atmosphere through performing continuous PGCE (teacher training) laboratory in the US, surrounded by leaders experiment at Fermilab, Illinois. apply the knowledge and skills I developed me to pursue my interests in infrared lasers. measurements, producing data which we Other physics-related employment in the field. It was an intensive and enjoyable  Software Developer at Frontier studying Physics at Lancaster. The course is This subsequently inspired me to continue then can analyse. I am producing absorption (hi-tech ind ustries etc) educational experience, giving me a lot of Developments, working on the sequel to the ideal preparation for anyone seeking to my research as a PhD student. The high level spectra, keograms and Quiet Day Curves experience in large scale computing, along Other em ployment game which inspired his interest in physics develop a career in the computing and of support in the department from staff and from the raw data produced by the riometer. with physics techniques and presentation (finance, ma rketing, co nsulting...) as a child. defence industries, providing a solid colleagues combined with the excellent At ARR they also launch rockets, and I am skills. After a follow-up Post Doctoral term MSc and sim ilar fu ll-time s tudy foundation in programming and complex research facilities enabled me to make a also taking part in the rocket campaigns -   problem solving IT. I have been able to apply number of breakthroughs in this field, from they are launching a total of 13 rockets during my stay at ARR!  specialist knowledge from my degree to which I was able to secure my own funding     From HESA d ata, six months after graduation. enhance business capability, particularly in which will help me build my own research    group and develop a long term career   the field of quantum communication.   Physics at Lancaster offers you so many in academia.          opportunities throughout your degree and beyond.           

     

          www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 24/25

Award sfor academic scholarship

The academic achievements of our graduates receive wide recognition.

Rewarding excellence 2010 Jon Emery, MPhys Physics, Graduation day! Each year we reward our most successful Astrophysics and Cosmology. Jon is now a undergraduates with financial prizes and PhD student studying cosmology at the certificates for academic achievement. University of Portsmouth. Awards are given to 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th 2011 Andrew Woods, MPhys Physics. year students, and our very best students Andrew is now studying for a PhD with have won prizes at the end of every year of Lancaster's Low Temperature Physics their studies. In addition to awards for group. excellent overall performance in exams and 2012 Kirsty Dunnett, MPhys Theoretical coursework, we also offer the Dame Physics. Kirsty is now studying for a PhD in Kathleen Ollerenshaw Prize for the very best superfluids at Warwick University. performance in an astronomy project and 2013 Thomas Banaszek, MPhys Theoretical the Azzedine Hammiche Prize for Physics. Thomas is now studying for a PhD exceptional project work. with Lancaster’s Mathematical Physics In addition to the prizes awarded by our Group. department, every year Lancaster University awards the Chancellor's Medal to its very External recognition Andrew Woods, winner of the 2011 Chancellor's Medal, being best undergraduates. The competition for congratulated by Sir Chris Bonington, Chancellor of Some our recent graduates have carried on Lancaster University. this prize is extremely fierce because it is to gain further recognition through open to all of the best final-year competitive and prestigious awards and undergraduates students across all nominations. departments, and only up to six are awarded each year. We are very proud of our physics Nick Kay: winner of the 2012 Best UK students who have won this prestigious Physics Student of the Year SET (Science, prize, and the fact that our department has Engineering and Technology) Award. For a produced winners in consecutive years is description of Nick’s study experience see testament to the quality of our physics page 9. graduates. Cherry Canovan: won the 2011 IOP Very Early Career Woman Physicist of the Year. Recent physics winners of the Also won in the Returner category at the Chancellor's Medal annual Red Hot Women Awards 2011. 2008 Cherry Canovan, MPhys Physics. Katie Turnbull: won a Royal Astronomical Cherry is now a PhD student studying Society Rishbeth Prize at the UK National accelerator physics in the Mathematical Astronomy Meeting 2010. Physics Group, Department of Physics, Lancaster University. Philip Clemson: invited to present his research to a panel of judges on during the 2009 Laura Nuttall, MPhys Physics, 2013 National Science and Engineering Astrophysics and Cosmology. Laura is now Week as part of the competition SET for a PhD student studying gravitational waves Britain . in the Gravitational Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University. Andrew Hoyle: runner-up in the 2010 Best Physics Student of the Year SET (Science, Engineering and Technology) Award. Cherry Canovan, 2011 IoP Very-Early Career Woman Physicist of the Year.

Near the pond on the Lancaster University campus - a perfect spot to relax. www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 26/27

Research at Lancaster

Lancaster’s Physics Department is renowned for carrying out cutting-edge research at an internationally leading level. The department was ranked number 1 in the UK in the most recent government-commissioned research assessment (RAE 2008), confirming the excellence of our research.

Our staff are very research active and low Temperature Physics publish regularly in high impact, peer- Low Temperature research at Lancaster reviewed scientific journals. They regularly includes experiments on superfluids and give invited talks and present the results of other materials with wide applications in their work at international conferences and areas such as cosmology and turbulence. symposia all over the world. In addition, our The group has a strong international lecturing and research staff include several reputation for performing pioneering world authorities and the department has experiments at the lowest achievable achieved a number of world firsts in key temperatures. Our custom made dilution research areas. As a Lancaster student you refrigerators, built in-house, achieve world will benefit from this not only through the record low temperatures. We have range of optional courses and research pioneered several innovative approaches projects which we provide in the 3rd and including: `Lancaster-style' nuclear cooling 4th years, but also from well-informed and stages to cool superfluids to record low enthusiastic staff. Furthermore, our teaching nATHAn CAsE temperatures; `heat-flush' procedures to currently undertaking a PhD in Physics benefits from the access to unique and produce highly purified helium-4; ion world-leading facilities, and the department’s transport measurement methods for Lancaster University stood out for me as active involvement in major national and quantum fluids; novel NMR systems; and soon as I started looking into which international collaborations. various mechanical oscillator techniques university I was going to attend after my A-Levels. Lancaster is a world top-100 You may decide that you would like to which provide extremely sensitive institution with a leading UK physics become a research student yourself after you thermometry and bolometry at microkelvin department and it has the friendly campus graduate. Research in physics is essential temperatures. atmosphere I was looking for. After four to gain new insights and understanding of Low temperature physics gives unique enjoyable years studying for my matter and the Universe, in order to make access to large-scale quantum phenomena, undergraduate degree, I started a PhD technological advancements and improve notably superconductivity in some metals in Space Physics at Lancaster. The department is welcoming, lecturers are quality of life. We have a range of and superfluidity in liquid helium-3, and we approachable and the research is world- opportunities available and encourage have a broad research portfolio specialising promising students to stay and undertake class - there was no reason for me not to in quantum fluids and solids research. continue for another three years! a PhD (research) degree. We have performed ground-breaking The following provides a flavour of our research on numerous topics, including: current research, which has strong superfluid analogues of cosmological international links. In addition to the work processes; ion and vortex ring dynamics; done within our main research groups, ballistic quasiparticle beams; exotic there is also much cross-group activity. This superfluid spin phenomena; superfluid brings together the leading complementary phase nucleation; phase boundary expertise from widely differing areas of dynamics; wave turbulence; and quantum physics in order to address important turbulence. The Ultralow Temperature problems. Examples of such topics include cluster of cryostats has been designated a cosmological experiments in liquid helium; European Facility, providing experimental non-linear dynamics and chaos; and the access for visiting European scientists development of gallium-arsenide particle through the EU Framework 7 collaboration detectors. We are also involved in many MICROKELVIN. interdisciplinary areas including the biological, chemical and medical interfaces.

Opposite: PhD student Chris Lawson working at one of our dilution refrigerators www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 28/29

Particle Cosmology Cosmology is the study of the entire Universe as a system. Particle cosmology uses what is known or conjectured about fundamental particle theory to model and trace the history and evolution of the early Universe, when the energy density was so immense that high energy physics is necessary to describe the behaviour of the material filling the Universe. As such, particle cosmologists make use not only of astrophysical data, such as those from the WMAP and Planck satellites, but also of the findings of accelerator experiments such as the LHC at CERN. In turn, they use the Universe as a giant laboratory to probe physics at energies well beyond colliders on Earth. Quantum Technology The nanofabrication techniques include Our Cosmology group concentrates much Quantum technology is a rapidly developing electron-beam lithography using a of its research on the physics of cosmic research field encompassing physics, dedicated electron-beam writer, plasma inflation, which is a period of explosive chemistry, biology and engineering, processing and thin-film deposition. expansion of space at the onset of the aimed at harnessing unusual effects not Electronic nanostructures are measured known history of the Universe, only a tiny encountered in classical systems, and using at temperatures down to about 10 mK by fraction of a second after the Big Bang itself. them for practical purposes. Potential means of DC, microwave and pulse Inflation is thought to be the reason why the applications which are being developed techniques. Photonic structures are Universe is so big and looks so uniform on include: quantum computing, quantum characterised using a variety of specialist very large distances. It also produced the cryptography and metrology, novel types (0-17 Tesla) magneto-optics and (4-300 K) original ripples in the Universe's density, of lasers, memories and sensing spectroscopy techniques, x-ray diffraction, which sourced the formation of the instrumentation, solar cells and batteries. electron microscopy and atomic force observed structures such as galaxies and microscopy methods. galactic clusters. These ripples are revealed Fundamental research in the Quantum in the Cosmic Microwave Background Technology Centre is focused on creation, Biomedical Physics radiation, providing precise information manipulation and measurement of quantum Biomedical physics applies physics to about the whereabouts of the physical states in engineered solid-state systems, living systems. Traditionally medical physics processes very close to the beginning investigation of charge transport and optical develops methods for imaging structures of time. properties at the nanoscale and studying within the human body and therapeutic mechanical systems in the quantum regime. Another aspect of our research focuses on techniques for treatment of diseases, This requires control at the level of a single the nature and origin of dark matter, whose such as radiological treatment of cancer. charge, single flux quantum, single photon presence is inferred by its gravitational At Lancaster we also develop new and single phonon. Such fundamental effects on galaxies and galactic clusters but techniques for monitoring and imaging on control is enabled by combining striking which has not been as yet identified in spite all scales – from cells to the whole body. effects such as Coulomb blockade, of constituting more than 1/5th of the We apply nonlinear physics to study human magnetic flux quantisation, and Universe's content. Finding exotic particles physiological functions, on scales ranging superconductivity. which can be the dark matter is one of the from the opening and closing of ion aims of the LHC particle accelerator. These are found in self-assembled and channels within a cell membrane, to Furthermore, we study and develop lithographically constructed nanoscale interactions between the heart, the lungs mechanisms to explain the observed structures such as Josephson tunnel and the brain. Joint projects link us with the imbalance between matter and antimatter junctions and quantum dots. Complementary Royal Lancaster Infirmary and with partners in the Universe. We also investigate the research is carried out on quantum optics within UK, Europe, USA, Canada, Australia, cosmological effects of string theory and and photonic devices based on a variety of New Zealand and Japan. alternative theories of gravity, and the nanostructures, exploring and exploiting Our work aims to generate fundamental possible generation of gravity waves in the quantum confinement effects across a wide understanding of the oscillatory processes early Universe, which may be observed in spectral range in collaboration with industry involved in energy and information transfer the near future. and end-users. within the body, and then to apply this new The Quantum Technology Centre contains knowledge to hypertension, cardiac failure, state-of-the-art cleanroom fabrication diabetes, postmyocardial-infarction, facilities capable of producing structures anæsthesia, aging, cancer and many other with a lateral dimension of about 10 nm and human conditions. Our studies of biological aligning multiple layers with an accuracy oscillations are revealing fascinating new of about 20 nm. This is supported by insights into systems designed by nature molecular beam epitaxy reactors for atomic and how they can function robustly despite layer-by-layer growth of semiconductor their extraordinary complexity. nanostructures and devices.

PL lab, Class 100 and 1000 clean rooms. Credits; Michael Thompson www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 30/31

Experimental Particle Physics Accelerator Physics Matter and the forces that act upon it are Particle accelerators are not just used for described at the fundamental level by pushing the boundaries of elementary elementary Particle Physics. These studies particle physics; their lower energy cousins provide insight, not only into the composition have numerous applications in medicine of the ordinary matter around us, but also and material science. Research at Lancaster into the dark matter and also into the spans all of these applications. Our theorists development of the early Universe following are developing new effective classical and the initial Big Bang. quantum theories for analysing matter in Experiments in Particle Physics are carried extreme conditions, with implications for out by large international teams of physicists cosmic particle acceleration as well as based at accelerator laboratories such as for experiments in the laboratory. Our CERN (Geneva), JPARC (Japan) and Fermilab experimentalists are currently developing (Chicago). We are involved in the ATLAS experiments using accelerator cavities to experiment at the most powerful accelerator search directly for the existence of exotic, ever constructed, the Large Hadron Collider hypothesised particles such as hidden- Construction of the DSECal calorimeter for T2K’s neutrino sector photons. In addition, experimental near-detector. (LHC) at CERN. There, we have used proton- proton collisions to investigate many open work is being undertaken on the design, questions and directly contributed to the simulation and prototyping of positron discovery of the Higgs-like boson, the sources that can produce intense polarised particle associated with the mechanism positron beams for a range of applications giving fundamental particles their mass. We including future proposed high-energy are also investigating the matter-antimatter particle colliders such as the International asymmetry and searching for dark matter Linear Collider (ILC), Compact Linear Collider Solar wind and the magnetosphere. Credit: NASA/ESA/J Clarke. and new physics using particles containing (CLIC) and Large Hadron Electron Collider beauty quarks, and studying the most (LHeC). We are founder members of the massive quark, the top. Cockcroft Institute (http://www.cockcroft.ac.uk), a centre of Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics Our research is generating interest from The Lancaster team also assembled a excellence for accelerator science in the UK. high-tech industries and has allowed us to calorimeter for use in the T2K experiment Condensed matter comprises a diverse range of complex systems where atoms take leadership in a number of international (near Tokyo, Japan), which they are now Mathematical Physics collaborations, including the EU Future using to study the nature of the elusive and electrons interact strongly by the laws When investigating physical phenomena, Emerging Technology flagship on graphene. neutrinos and their ability to transform from of quantum mechanics. Because of the considerable insight can often be gained one sort of neutrino to another. In part, the intricate and varied nature of the interactions, using modern mathematical techniques space science T2K experiment, like the ATLAS experiment, such systems are an ideal playground A reconstruction of a neutrino event inside the T2K near commonly associated with general relativity Research in this area investigates the aims to provide a better understanding to discover novel physical effects of detector in Japan. and string theory. We make extensive use of physics of our local space environment — of the fundamental reasons behind why fundamental and practical significance. analytical techniques and effective theories, the region from the surface of the sun to the matter predominates over antimatter in our Our research focuses on carefully designed rather than large-scale computation, edge of the solar system. We collaborate Universe. It is hoped that these experiments and controlled artificial systems such as to explore the world around us, and with international research organisations, will shed new light on the origin of mass and electronic nanostructures, graphene, interdisciplinarity pervades our work. including ESA and NASA, to study the role new symmetries in nature. molecular conductors, photonic crystals Our broad research programme reflects and ultra-cold atomic gases, which exhibit that plasma processes have in our extensive range of interests; for example, striking effects such the quantum Hall effect, electromagnetically coupling the planets it connects the theoretical investigation of unconventional superconductivity or (and other bodies) in our solar system. This matter in extreme conditions (such as the spin-dependent transport, which find work offers insights into the physics that ultra-powerful laser fields of the Extreme applications from photonics to quantum shields delicate planetary atmospheres (like Light Infrastructure (ELI), or the strong information technologies. the Earth's) from the onslaught of the solar electromagnetic and gravitational fields i Our theoretical investigations provide an wind, powers a complex system of electrical n the environment of a magnetar) with accurate mathematical and conceptual currents throughout the solar system, and ubiquitous fluid-structure interactions of understanding of phenomena which drives breathtaking natural phenomena utmost importance to the oil industry (such otherwise defy understanding. This requires such as the aurora borealis (for real-time as the vortex-induced vibration of marine the advance and application of analytical aurora alerts visit aurorawatch.lancs.ac.uk). risers). Some of the most mathematical and numerical methods from quantum To explore this strange and exciting aspects of our recent work include novel mechanics, statistical mechanics, and environment we employ measurements regularization-free techniques for analysing electrodynamics. In recent years, we have from the latest international space missions, quantum (Casimir) stresses and the Lancaster discovery of the chi_(3p) particle with ATLAS contributed significantly to the as well as ground-based experiments in the at the LHC. development of new methods for understanding of the electronic properties UK and inside the Arctic and Antarctic investigating electromagnetic transport of graphene, the coherence of excitations circles. We also develop detailed computer in spatially dispersive media such as in quantum dots, the conductance of simulations that allow us to make reliable metamaterials. molecular bridges, the dynamics of predictions for the space weather - the impact of solar activity on conditions on condensed Bose gases and strongly Auroras on Earth and on Saturn. Credits: Pete Lawrence; NASA. William Dearnaley and the ATLAS detector. William is a PhD correlated one-dimensional systems, the Earth. Our research finds applications in the student with the Lancaster Particle Physics Group studying quantum statistics of photons generated in design of high technology infrastructure CP violation at CERN. optically amplifying microstructures, and the both on and above the surface of the Earth, intriguing characteristics of topological such as for the protection of the power grid superconductors. and communication satellites. www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 32/33

Making you feel at home

PROfEssOR PETER RATOff Head of the Lancaster Physics Department

The department fully supports the Juno initiative and is proud to have attained Juno Champion status. We see our Women in Physics group as a welcome development in the department and a key component in our aspirations to enhance inclusiveness and diversity in physics.

LUPAS Executive 2013. lancaster University Physics and Women in Physics group Astronomy society (lUPAs) Approximately 1 in 5 undergraduates LUPAS is a physics society run by our undertaking physics degrees in the UK are students for our students, and is one of the female and our Women in Physics group most active and largest student societies was formed to support all of the women JORdEn sEnIOR on campus. Whether they are off having studying and working in our Physics Second Year MPhys Physics paintball battles, taking on their lecturers Department. The group meets about once at football or giving talks on the latest a term and aims to provide a forum for the One of the greatest things about Lancaster's developments in physics, there is always women in the department to meet and get Department of Physics is the fact that you are something entertaining going on! LUPAS to know one another better, discuss physics part of a community from the moment you has a very busy calendar throughout the and make new contacts. They run an join. You get to know and become friends with your lecturers, whilst automatically becoming year with at least one event every fortnight, innovative partnership scheme between a member of LUPAS, the student society including numerous social gatherings and undergraduates, postgraduates and which arranges anything from interesting guest lectures on a multitude of different postdoctoral research staff, aiming to guest seminars to nights out (some of which physics themes organised in conjunction improve relations between women at you will catch your lecturers joining in with!) with the Institute of Physics. In addition, different stages of their careers and to LUPAS gives our students the opportunity provide undergraduates with a first port of to undertake student-run extended practical call for advice on physics-related matters physics projects that range from observing such as careers and research options. variable stars to studying muon decays with Our Physics Department takes part in the a weather balloon. For more information you Institute of Physics' Juno project, which can find LUPAS on Facebook at addresses the problem of the very low http://www.facebook.com/groups/LUPAS/ proportion of women in physics, especially or on YouTube at in higher academic posts. Our Physics http://www.youtube.com/user/ Department was awarded Juno Champion lancasterphysics or email them at status—the highest level attainable in this [email protected]. initiative—in 2013.

Regular social activities include the Physics relay, Student-Staff football game and BBQ (sponsored by IOP Lancashire and Cumbria Branch) and excursions to CERN. www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 34/35

Is Lancaster the place for me?

If you are looking for a well-regarded university that is friendly, flexible and offers a great social life without the problems associated with large cities, then Lancaster is the place for you!

Going to university is not just about choosing the right course, you also need to consider the place itself – after all you will be making it your home, or at least spending a considerable proportion of your time there, for 3 or 4 years. You will find the cost-of-living in Lancaster relatively inexpensive and the campus well placed for travelling and for enjoying some of the most beautiful scenery in the world. Catered options are also available. You will also benefit from cheaper insurance than in A campus community many major cities around the country as With around 12,000 students and staff on Lancaster (LA1 postcode) is in the lowest campus every day, the University is like a insurance group. small town. It has everything you will need For more information on our campus within 10 minutes’ walk including banks, accommodation please visit: shops, eating places, an art gallery, cinema, http://www.lancs.ac.uk/study/ concert hall, theatre and a brand new £20m nICKIE WAREIng accommodation/undergraduate- sports centre with a swimming pool. Third Year MPhys Physics accommodation/ Easy reach of the city I'm very glad that I chose Lancaster; the Easy travel Lancaster has a good reputation for town is a brilliant, friendly place with a very The University is just off the M6 so there are student-friendly off campus activities. The active local community! good road links to many parts of the country. Students' Union has its own nightclub (The National Express coaches stop at the Sugar House) in the city and there are other campus. The city is on the West Coast Inter- nightclubs in Lancaster and in Morecambe. city rail line (London is about two and a half to Lots of pubs have live music and a student A guaranteed room in our multi-award three hours away and Manchester one hour). atmosphere. There are eating places to suit winning student accommodation all tastes and budgets, theatres, cinemas, We retained the title of Best University Halls Outdoor pursuits concert venues, a bowling alley and a range in the 2013 National Student Housing of sports facilities. Frequent bus services Lancaster is an ideal location if you are Survey and if you choose Lancaster as your link the city and campus and there is a cycle interested in the outdoor life. The Lake first choice, you are guaranteed a place in route avoiding busy roads. Lancaster is District and the Yorkshire Dales are within our on-campus accommodation in the first building on its experience as a cycling easy reach for sailing, hiking, climbing, year. Most final-year students who want to demonstration city and has a constantly- pot-holing, hang-gliding and other live on campus can normally do so. Some expanding system of on- and off-road adventure sports. rooms have en-suite facilities and there cycling routes. are purpose-built rooms for students with Make friends quickly in college disabilities. All rooms have a telephone and points to connect computers to the campus Lancaster is one of only a handful of collegiate network and the internet. universities in Britain. The residential college system is great for meeting people from On-campus room prices are amongst the outside your own subject area. Each college lowest in the country (rates for 2012/13 has its own social facilities and sporting were £79-£102 per week or £102-£120 per programmes. week for an en-suite room where the exact cost depends on the college and the size of the room). www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 36/37

Studen tfinance

lancaster University financial support • As part of the National Scholarship Lancaster University has committed £3.7m Programme, a £1,000 Bursary, a £1,000 in scholarships and bursaries to help with Fee Waiver and a £1,000 on campus your fees and living costs. Our financial Accommodation Discount or Catering support depends on your circumstances Card in the first year of study, for students and how well you do in your A-levels (or from England with a household income equivalent academic qualifications) before of less than £25,000. Plus: a Lancaster starting to study with us. Bursary of £1,000 in subsequent years. Lancaster University's priority is to support Once you have applied for your financial every student to make the most of their life support from the government and you have and education. For students starting their received an offer from Lancaster, your study with us, over 600 each year will be application for a scholarship or bursary will entitled to bursaries and/or scholarships to proceed automatically; there are no further help them with the cost of fees and/or living forms to fill in. expenses. For UK students we will have the For the latest information please see the following financial support available: Lancaster University student funding web • An Academic Scholarship of £2,000 for pages at http://www.lancs.ac.uk/study/ the first year of study to any student from undergraduate/fees-and-funding/ the UK entering with A*, A*, A or equivalent Additional departmental support (open academic qualifications to Overseas and UK/EU students): • An Access Scholarship of £1,000 per Physics staff with final year students 2013. The Department of Physics is rewarding year for all UK students from households excellence by providing additional with an income of less than £42,600 who scholarships of £1,000 in the first year achieve grades of A*, A, A or the of study to those students who choose equivalent academic qualifications a Lancaster University Physics course as • A Lancaster Bursary of £1,000 per their firm choice and achieve A*A* in A-level annum for all students from England with mathematics and physics, or equivalent a household income of more than grades for those with alternative £25,000 but less than £42,600 qualifications including overseas/EU students and OpenPlus students.

Scenic Ullswater in the Lake District. www.lancaster.ac.uk/physics Undergraduate Physics 2014 38/39

Interested? What next? We are eas ytofind!

How to apply visit our campus further information By road You must apply through the University We believe our campus is one of our If you would like to know more about any of From the north or south: leave the M6 and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS). strengths and encourage you to visit us our courses or about entry, please contact: motorway at junction 33 and take the A6 Details are given in their Handbook, available before you make your final choice of where north towards Lancaster and continue for in schools and colleges or from UCAS, to study. 1¾ miles (passing through the village of Rosehill, New Barn Lane, Cheltenham, If you decide to apply we may invite you to Galgate). Turn right at the third set of traffic Glos GL52 3LZ or see their web page spend an afternoon with us during one of lights into the University main drive. Take the www.ucas.ac.uk. our many interview days. These include talks first exit left from the roundabout at the top and guided tours of the campus and the of the main drive, then the first avenue on Entry requirements department. Parents/guardians are welcome. your right. This brings you to the Reception These are given with the course information Lodge where security staff will direct you to You can also come and visit us on one of the on page 10. a Pay and Display car park and the Physics University Visit Days or Campus Tours Department. For Sat Nav use: LA1 4YW. (booking is required). See scholarships and bursaries http://www.lancs.ac.uk These are described on page 36. By rail There are direct rail links between Lancaster and London (Euston), Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester, Glasgow and Edinburgh. Prof Henning schomerus The single journey between London and Admissions Tutor Lancaster takes between 2.5 and 3 hours. Physics Department The X1 bus stops outside the train station Lancaster University and runs to the University every 20 minutes Lancaster LA1 4YB on weekdays and taxis are also usually Tel: 01524 592261 available from just outside the station. Bus Email: physics-ugadmissions stops for other services to the University K @lancaster.ac.uk are a 5-10 minute walk from the train station, of U and are located at the Bus Station and by ap You may like to visit our web pages at: Lancaster market on Common Garden M www.physics.lancs.ac.uk Street. Here you will find more details about our teaching, news about the department and By coach and bus much more information on our research Lancaster city is on the national coach activities. network; National Express coaches call at You can also follow us on Twitter and the University. Local buses (numbers X1, 2, Facebook: @LancUniPhysics 2A, 3 and 4) from Lancaster bus station run facebook.com/LancasterPhysics to the University every 5 minutes on To find out more about Lancaster University weekdays. in general, see http://www.lancs.ac.uk Further details can be found on: The 2014 University prospectus can be www.lancs.ac.uk/travel requested from http://www.lancs.ac.uk/ study/undergraduate/