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Yaqin Et Al., Identifikasi Keanekaragaman Decapoda 312

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Yaqin Et Al., Identifikasi Keanekaragaman Decapoda 312 PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL III TAHUN 2017 “Biologi, Pembelajaran, dan Lingkungan Hidup Perspektif Interdisipliner” Diselenggarakan oleh Prodi Pendidikan Biologi-FKIP bekerjasama dengan Pusat Studi Lingkungan dan Kependudukan (PSLK) Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, tanggal 29 April 2017 IDENTIFIKASI KEANEKARAGAMAN DECAPODA DI PANTAI TAMAN PULAU POTERAN, KEPULAUAN MADURA SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR BIOLOGI Identification of Decapoda Diversity on Taman Beach Poteran Island, in Madura Islands A Biological Learning Source Mustafa Ainul Yaqin1, Wahyu Prihanta2, Samsun Hadi2 1Mahasiswa Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang 5, Malang, 0341551334 2Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Jl. Raya Tlogomas No 246, Malang, 0341464318 e-mail korespondensi: [email protected] ABSTRAK Decapoda dapat hidup secara alamiah pada tempat-tempat tertentu, salah satunya pantai Taman Pulau Poteran kepulauan Madura, dengan keadaan perairan substrat pantai yang materialnya terdiri dari batuan, pasir, lumpur, dan peacahan karang . Penelitian keragaman decapoda sangat jarang dilakukan di Indonesia terutama pantai-pantai kepulauan Madura. Selain itu pemanfaatan sumber daya alam sekitar sangat jarang dilakukan dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman spesies decapoda yang terdapat didaerah pasang surut pantai Taman Pulau Poteran, dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar biologi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan pada bula Juni-Juli 2015 pada saat surut terendah siang hari dengan metode transek kuadrat. Hasil penelitian decapoda yang ditemukan terdiri dari 22 spesies, 11 family dan 4 infraordo yaitu brachyura, caridea, anomura dan penaeidea. Nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman jenis Shannon-Wiener (H‟) 2,7 atau keanekaragaman jenis decapoda di pantai Taman pulau Poteran tergolong tinggi. Nilai Indeks Keseragaman jenis (E) 0,45 menunjukkan keseragaman antara spesies rendah, artinya kekayaan individu yang dimiliki masing-masing spesies berbeda. Nilai Indeks dominansi (D) 0,076, menunjukkan tidak terdapat spesies yang mendominansi spesies lainnya atau struktur komunitas Decapoda di pantai Taman pulau Poteran dalam keadaan stabil. Kata Kunci: Decapoda, keanekaragaman, Identifikasi ABSTRACT Decapoda can live naturally in certain places, one of which Poteran Island Taman Beach Madura island, with state coastal waters substrate material consists of rocks, sand, mud and coral rubble. research diversity decapoda very rare conducted in Indonesia, especially the beaches of the island of Madura. In addition to the utilization of natural resources around very rarely done in learning. This research aims to determine species diversity decapoda that there are areas of tidal Poteran Island Taman Beach, and used as a source of learning biology. This type of research is descriptive research. The research was conducted in June-July, 2015, at the lowest tide during the day with squared transect method. Decapoda research results were found consisted of 22 species, 11 family and 4 infraordo namely brachyura, caridea, anomura and penaeidea. Values Species diversity index Shannon-Wiener (H') of 2.7 or decapoda species diversity in the Taman Beach Poteran island is high. Uniformity index value types (E) of 0.45 indicates poor uniformity between species, meaning that the individual wealth of each different species. Dominance index value (D) 0.076, indicating there is no dominance species most other species or structure community decapoda in the Taman beach Poteran island in a stable condition. Keywords: Decapoda, diversity, Identification Ordo Decapoda memiliki peran penting dalam segar di gunung dan gurun habitat serta air bawah tanah, metabolisme dan mengendalikan aliran energy dalam permukaan habitat perairan mencakup perairan lentic dan ekosistem. Decapoda dimangsa oleh berbagai predator lotic (Pendek et al., 2013). dari buaya hingga ikan, tergantung pada intensitas, Decapoda merupakan sumberdaya alam hayati predasi merupakan faktor dalam mengendalikan Indonesia memiliki nilai ekonomi dan ilmiah tinggi. kepadatan spesies, serta penataan kumpulan spesies dalam Berbagai jenis decapoda seperti kepiting, udang, rajungan habitat. Decapoda merupakan predator penting, dan sebagainya merupakan modal yang sangat penting mengkonsumsi fitoplankton, bentik alga, dan dalam pembangunan nasional untuk meningkatkan taraf makrobentos (Coull & Bell 1983). Decapoda pengumpan hidup, kemakmuran, serta kesejahteraan masyarakat partikulat yang mengkonsumsi detritus yang berasal dari (Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan 2014). Spartina dan kotoran, sehingga membuat detritus tersedia Wilayah Kabupaten Sumenep merupakan daerah untuk beberapa level trofik yang berbeda dengan yang terdiri atas wilayah daratan dan kepulauan. Kota pengolahan partikel sedemikian rupa sehingga substrat Sumenep berada di wilayah daratan pulau Madura bagian ditingkatkan dan pertumbuhan dipercepat oleh diatom dan timur. Wilayah kepulauannya terdiri sekitar 126 pulau bakteri (Field, 1983). Habitat Decapoda terbanyak adalah kecil yang menyebar, berbatasan dengan pulau laut, tetapi juga terdapat pada muara dan permukaan air Kalimantan dan Bali. Kedudukan wilayah daratan sangat Yaqin et al., Identifikasi Keanekaragaman Decapoda 312 available at http://research-report.umm.ac.id/index.php/ PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL III TAHUN 2017 “Biologi, Pembelajaran, dan Lingkungan Hidup Perspektif Interdisipliner” Diselenggarakan oleh Prodi Pendidikan Biologi-FKIP bekerjasama dengan Pusat Studi Lingkungan dan Kependudukan (PSLK) Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, tanggal 29 April 2017 strategis dengan tingkat aksesibilitas yang tinggi dalam jarak antara masing-masing stasiun 100 m dan jarak konteks pulau Madura karena berada di jalur pantai antara masing-masing plot dalam stasiun 10 m. selatan (Romadhon, 2008). Tahap identifikasi : Pulau Poteran atau disebut juga pulau Talango Nama jenis decapoda diidentifikasi menurut merupakan salah satu wilayah kepulauan kabupaten buku petunjuk identifikasi Carpenter, K.E.; Niem, V.H, Sumenep, yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati biota (1998), Wicksten, Mary K (2011), Senosov. S.E. (2012), laut yang cukup beragam. Kawasan pulau Poteran dan Poupin J. & M. Juncker, (2010) serta literature yang merupakan kawasan pulau yang dihuni oleh masyrakat relevan. Identifikasi ordo decapoda dilakukan dengan dengan penduduk yang cukup banyak. Di sisi lain, masih pengenalan atau pencandraan morfologi seperti : kurang upaya yang diberikan untuk menyelamatkan . Bentuk dan ukuran tubuh ekosistem laut yang salah satunya adalah ekosistem . Bentuk karapas dan jumlah spine pada karapas lamun sebagai salah satu tempat hidup bioata laut, . Variasi warna meskipun data mengenai kerusakan ekosistem lamun . Bentuk dan jumlah kaki tidak tersedia, tapi faktanya sudah banyak mengalami . Bentuk rostrum dan jumlah spine pada rostrum degradasi yang diakibat aktivitas di darat (Rani, 2008). Analisis perhitungan Penggunaan lingkungan sebagai sumber belajar a. Indeks Keanekaragaman (H‟) tidak banyak mengalami kesulitan, mengingat biologi Digunakan rumus Shanon Wiener (Koesoebiono, adalah ilmu yang mempelajari tentang makhluk hidup (1987) dalam facrul 2012), yaitu; yang obyek dan persoalannya banyak terjadi di lingkungan alam sekitar (Afriyani, 2005). Sumber belajar adalah semua jenis sumber yang ada di sekitar kita yang Keterangan : memungkinkan kemudahan terjadinya proses belajar H‟ : Nilai Indek keanekaragaman (Asyhar, 2012). ni : Proporsi jumlah individu spesies ke –i (ni) terhadap total Adanya penelitian mengenai decapoda yang terdapat individu (N) : (ni/N). di Pulau Poteran dapat dijadikan solusi pemanfaatan lebih N : Jumlah Individu total semua spesies lanjut dalam bidang pendidikan sebagai sumber belajar biologi maupun berbagai pihak. Dari uraian diatas Keanekaragaman (Shanon-Wiener) kategori mengingat bahwa ordo decapoda sangat berperan penting menurut (Hardjosuwarno (1990) dalam Darojah, 2005) : dalam ekosistem perairan, serta pentingnya penelitian H‟ > 3,0 : Keanekaragaman sangat tinggi. mengenai ordo decpoda di Pulau Poteran yang belum H‟ 1,6–3,0 : Keanekaragaman tinggi. pernah dilakukan penelitian maka perlu dilakukan H‟ 1,0–1,5 : Keanekaragaman sedang. penelitian sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan H‟ < 1 : Keanekaragaman rendah. gambaran kekayaan ordo decapoda yang ada di Pulau Poteran serta pemanfaatannya. b. Indeks Keseragaman (E) Menurut Fachrul 2012 dinyatakan sebagai berikut: METODE Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini Keterangan : adalah penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilakukan E : Indeks keseragaman untuk mengidentifikasikan jenis-jenis decapoda yang ada H‟ : Indeks keanekaragaman di pulau Poteran khususnya di pantai Taman desa Palasa S : Jumlah keseluruhan spesies kebupaten Sumenep yang, tempat tersebut berdasarkan pasang surut pantai. Pengambilan sampel decapoda Nilai indeks berkisar antara 0–1 dilaksanakan bulan pada bulan juni 2015. E=0 : keseragaman antara spesies rendah, Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan system transek E=1 : keseragaman antar spesies relatif merata atau dengan membuat petak 10 x 10 meter dengan jumlah individu masing-masing spesies relatif sama. pertimbangan banyak jenis hewan decapoda yang berada di sepanjang pantai Taman desa Palasa. Metode c. Indeks dominasi (D) pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini, data dikumpulkan Metode indeks dominansi „Simpson‟s‟ : dengan melakukan observasi yaitu teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara mengadakan pengamatan langsung terhadap populasi yang diselidiki.
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