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DIET of Labuanium Politum (AN OBLIGATE ARBOREAL CRAB) at KAMPUNG TANJONG ASSAM, SPAOH, SARAWAK

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DIET of Labuanium Politum (AN OBLIGATE ARBOREAL CRAB) at KAMPUNG TANJONG ASSAM, SPAOH, SARAWAK DIET OF Labuanium politum (AN OBLIGATE ARBOREAL CRAB) AT KAMPUNG TANJONG ASSAM, SPAOH, SARAWAK NUR AMIRAH BINTI MOHAMAD ALWIE Bachelor of Science with Honours (Aquatic Resource Science and Management) 2015/2016 Pusat Khidmat "WaklwuatAkadem. UMVEItSITt MALAYSIASARAWAi. P. KNIDMAT MAKLUMAT AKADEMIK UNIMAS 11 100027267911111 Diet of Labuanium politum (An Obligatei Arboreali i11111 iCrab) at Kampung Tanjung Assam, Spaoh, Sarawak Nur Amirah Binti Mohamad Alwie This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for degree of Bachelor of Science with Honours (Aquatic Resource Science and Management) Faculty of Resource Science and Technology UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP I, NUR AMIRAH BINTI MOHAMAD ALWIE declarethat the final year project report entitled: DIET OF Labuanium politum (AN OBLIGATE ARBOREAL CRAB) AT KAMPUNG TANJUNG ASSAM, SPAOH, SARAWAK. and the work presentedin the report are both my own, and have been generatedby me as the result of my own original research.I confirm that: " this work was done wholly or mainly while in candidature for a research degree at this University; " where I have made corrections based on suggestion by supervisor and examiners, this has been clearly stated; " where I have consulted the published work of others, this is always clearly attributed; " where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given. With the exception of such quotations, this report is entirely my own work; "I have acknowledged all main sourcesof help; " where the thesis is based on work done by myself jointly with others, I have made clear exactly what was done by others and what I have contributed myself; " none of this work has been published before submission Signed: d ýA N "11! Aquatic Resource Science and Management Programme Department of Aquatic Science Faculty of Resource Science and Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) Date: 17 June 2016 I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah the Almighty for giving me a chance and strength in order to complete my final year project. I would like to express deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Siti Akmar Khadijah Ab Rahim for giving me great support amd guidance, patient and perseverance in assisting me to complete my work from the beginning until the end. Special thanks also to my examiner for the precious time spent to evaluate my final year report. My sincere thanks also given to local people of Kampung Tanjong Assam, especially Mdm Kelan Cahaya, Mdm Siti Ra'abah, Mr. Rahman, Mr. Narawi and others that are involved during field trip that are wiling full to help me to get the samples, giving comfortable place for us to stay and feed us with delicious foods. I would also like to acknowledge help that I received from my kind postgraduate senior, Mr. Norhakimi Mohamad, Ms. Aina Syuhaida, Mr. Wan Zabidi, Mr. Mohd Izwan and Mr. Shahir for their willingness to guide me anything regarding to my final year project. Thanks also for all of my lab mates, Akma Iddin, Farah Nazirah, Muliana, Ernalis, Nurfarhanie, Zarul and Corinth for always cheering me on my works in the lab. Not to forget my friends that always cheering me in doing this project, Euanice and Izaty. Next to it, the most important life support, my precious parents and family for giving nic emotionally and financial support for me to finish this report. 11 Put Khi4mat MaklumatAkademit U1viVE1tSM! º'tALAYSU SARAWAk TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT II TABLE OF CONTENTS III LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS V LIST OF TABLES VI LIST OF FIGURES VII ABSTRACT 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 2.1 Mangrove ecosystem 4 2.1.1 Zonation of mangroves 4 2.1.2 Nipah palm area 5 2.2 Taxonomy of Labuanium politum 6 2.3 Sesarmid Family 7 2.3.1 Arboreal Climbing Skills of Sesarmid 8 2.3.2 Feeding Habits of Sesarmid 8 3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS 9 3.1 Study Area 9 3.2 Sampling Procedure II 3.3 Stomach Content Analysis 13 3.4 Feeding Experiments 14 III 3.5 Data Analysis 15 4.0 RESULTS 16 4.1 Diet Composition of Labuanium politum 16 4.1.1 Frequency of Occurrence for each of Food Groups 19 4.2 Stomach Fullness 22 4.2.1 Comparison of StomachFullness between Day and Night 22 4.2.2 Comparison of StomachFullness between Disturbed Vs 23 Undisturbed 4.3 Feeding Behaviour of L. politum 27 4.3.1 Field Observation at the Natural Habitat 27 4.3.2 Feeding Experiment 28 4.3.3 Leaf Categories Preference 30 5.0 DISCUSSION 32 5.1 Diet Composition of Labuanium politum 32 5.2 Comparison of StomachFullness 33 5.3 Feeding Behaviour of L. politum 34 5.4 Limitation and Recommendation 34 6.0 CONCLUSION 35 REFERENCES 36 APPENDICES 40 IV LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS L. = Labuanium N. = Nypa CW = Carapace width CL = Carapace length EtOH = Ethanol V LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Description of sampling site at Kampung Tanjong Assam. 10 Table 2: Classification of food groups for stomach content analysis. 15 Table 3: The presence of food group materials in the disturbed and undisturbed 16 nipah area. VI LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Labuanium politum found at Kpg Tanjong Assam. 6 Figure 2: Study site plots of Kampung Tanjong Assam, Spaoh. 11 Figure 3: Mangrove area of Kpg. Tanjong Assam. 13 Figure 4: `Pengait', a tool used to catch L. politum. 13 Figure 5: Debris (Sand and mud) found in the stomach of L. politum. 17 Figure 6: Plant materials found in the stomach of L. politum. 17 Figure 7: Insect found in the stomach ofL. politum. 18 Figure 8: Frequency of occurrence of food groups in disturbed and undisturbed 19 area. Figure 9: Frequency of occurence of food groups in six male and nine females of 20 L. polituni in disturbed area. Figure 10 : Frequency of occurence of food groups in 20 male, 20 female of 21 L. politum in undisturbed area. Figure 11 : Differences in stomach fullness index in L. politum between day and 22 night. Figure 12 : Comparison of the stomach fullness in disturbed and undisturbed area. 23 Figure 13 : Empty stomach fullness estimation of L. politum. 24 Figure 14 : 25% stomach fullness estimation of L. politum. VII Figure 15 : 50% stomach fullness estimation of L. politum. 25 Figure 16: 75% stomach fullness estimation of L. politum. 26 Figure 17 : 100% stomach fullness estimation of L. politum. 26 Figure 18 : Labuanium politum foraging on nipah leaves. 27 Figure 19 : L. politum emerging from between the base of nipah tree. 28 Figure 20 : Set up of experimental tanks during day time. 29 Figure 21 : Pinch mark on the leaves by L. politum during night time (7.00 p. m. ). 29 Figure 22 : Leaf categories preference of L. politum. 30 Figure 23 : Set up of experimental tanks with three type of leafs Nypa fruticans 31 (Green, yellow, brown). Figure 24 : Leaf preferenceof the crabs. Shows the pinch mark on the green leaves 31 by L. politum after 24 hours. VIII Diet of an Obligate Arboreal Crab (Labuanium politum) at Kampung Tanjong Assam, Spaoh, Sarawak Nur Amirah Binti Mohamad Alwie Aquatic Resource Science and Management Programme, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. ABSTRACT Labuanium politum is an obligate arboreal crab that belonged to Family Sesarmidae and can be found at nipah palm mangrove in Kampung Tanjong Assam, Spaoh, Sarawak. It is known as `Geramak apong' by local people. It lives and hides inside the base fronds of the nipah tree. On 7-9 November 2015,68 samples for diet composition and comparison of the stomach fullness of these crabs at disturbed and undisturbed nipah palm area were obtained using special hooks `pengait'. Later, the second samplings were done on 23`d March 2016 for the observation of the feeding behavior of this crab where three samples were obtained. Results showed that this crabs highly preferred debris (100%) and plant materials (80%) as their primary consumption on disturbed nipah palm area compared to undisturbed area where only 57.5% and 70% of debris and plant materials, respectively. For the overall of the stomach fullness of crabs, higher stomach fullness were observed during night time (41.7%) compared to day time (23.2%). Comparing the crabs that were caught at night time, disturbed area showed higher stomach fullness (75%) than the undisturbed area (25%). For the feeding behavior experiment, it is proven that this crab is nocturnal. L. politum strongly preferred green leaves of Nypa fruticans when offered three different types of categories of the leaves (green, yellow, brown). Therefore, this study provides a new information on the diet of L. politum as this is a first attempt to record diet of this crabs. Key words: Labuanium politum, Geramak apong, nocturnal, arboreal, Nypafruticans. ABSTRAK Labucrnium olpittrnt adalah ketarn arboreal obligat oleh Fantdi Sesarmidae dan boleti didapati di kawasan nipah di Kampung Tanjong Assam Spaoh, Sarawak. lcr dikenali sebagai 'Geramak apong' oleh penduduk tentpatan. la hidup darr bersemhturyi di dalam pangkal pelepah pokok nipah. Pada 7-9 November 2015,68 sampel telah dikutip dari kawasan nipah yang terganggtr dan tidak terganggtr untuk penrerhatian kompo.cisi ketam diet dan perbandingan kepentrhan perul ini di mann in diperolehi dengan ntenggunakan pengait'. Kenulian, sampe! kechut telah dijalartkan pada 23 Mac 2016 bagi pemerlrcrtiart tingkah laku ketanr ini di mmna tiga sanrpel ketam diperolehi. Hasil kajian ntenunjukkan hahawa ketam ini nremilih urttuk makcrn debris (100 %,) dan diiktuti bahan-bahan tunthuhan ( 80 `%) sebagai pemakanan utama mereka di kawa.can nipah terganggu berbanding dengan kawasan nipah yang tidak terganggu di nrana hanya 57.5 uruuk debris don 70 % huhan-hahan turnbultan.
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