Overview of Different Spiritualities & Forms of

Donuts & Doctrine February 15 & April 26, 2015 for the Year of Consecrated Life O , throughout the ages you have called women and men to pursue lives of perfect through the of poverty, , and obedience. During this Year of Consecrated Life, we give you thanks for these courageous witnesses of Faith and models of inspiration. Their pursuit of holy lives teaches us to make a more perfect offering of ourselves to you. Continue to enrich your by calling forth sons and daughters who, having found the pearl of great price, treasure the Kingdom of Heaven above all things. Through our Lord Christ, your Son, who lives and reigns with you in the unity of the , one God, for ever and ever. Amen. Chronology of Some of the More Commonly Known Religious Orders • —St. Benedict of • Jesuits—St. Nursia (529) (1540) • —St. Bruno (1084) • Visitation Sisters—St. Jane Francis • —Various de Chantal (1610) (1098) • Vincentians—St. Vincent de Paul • Norbertines—St. Norbert (1120) (1625) • —Unknown • Sisters of Joseph—Six women (late ) (1650) • —St. • ( branch of Cistercians)— (1209) Unknown (1664) • Pauline Father—Bl. Eusebius of • —St. Esztergom (1215) (1725) • Dominicans—St. Dominic (1216) • —St. Alphonsus • —Various (1243) Liguori (1732) • —St. • Salesians—St. John Bosco (1873) (1535) • of Charity—Bl. (1950) Where Did They Start? Country of Original Foundation Palestine

Benedictines Carthusians Carmelites Pauline Jesuits Missionaries Fathers of Charity

Franciscans Cistercians

Augustinians Norbertines

Ursulines Dominicans

Passionists Visitation Sisters

Redemptorists Sisters of St. Joseph

Salesians Trappists Types of Religious Institutions • — Clerical state & sings the in choir & may run -life , lives in community • Monastic –Live in seclusion from the world and lives – Eremitical (solitary) – Cenobitical (lived in community) • —Depend directly on charity for their livelihood, live and pray in common, may have a more active • —Made up of who are also vowed religious and who usually have a more active apostolate *Some “families” of a particular order may have more than one type of institution within their ranks. Type of Religious Institution

Canons Monastic Mendicant Clerics Regular Orders Orders Regular Norbertines Benedictines Dominicans Jesuits

Cistercians Franciscans

Trappists Augustinians Salesians

Carthusians Carmelites Passionists

Pauline Fathers Missionaries of Redemptorists Charity Ursulines Sisters of Visitation Sisters Vincentians Process of Approval of a New Order • Permission from proper department in the Roman (e.g. the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life) • Approval of the Ordinary (usually the ) of the of origin—ecclesiastical institution of diocesan right • “”—“ of Praise”—ecclesiastical institution of • Final approval of the constitutions What Is a Charism? • A specific way of living out authentic, Christian spirituality • Catechism #2684 • Way of life approved by the Church, that if followed will guide the person living that life to saintly perfection What’s a Charism? • A charism is a gift from God to the Church for the world. • With regard to a , the term refers to the gift which God gives to an individual or group to inspire the founding of a new religious family within the Church. • This gift is handed down through the centuries and enriched by all who are called to live it. • The charism of each religious family is the particular way in which its members are called to follow Christ. • Since all Christians follow Christ, the charisms will have many elements in common, but the way in which these elements are emphasized gives each religious group its unique feel. • All religious families have been asked by the Church to rediscover their original founding charism and make it come alive in each culture and in every age. Large Group Discussion • From your own experience, what would you identify as the MAJOR charism of the communities listed previously? • How is that charism connected to the apostolate in which that community engages? What’s in the Constitutions? • With Benedict, the concept of Rule developed into a particular way of life that held the promise of continuity into the distant future. Yet the continuity was more psychological than juridical. • Constitutions spell out the purpose of the • It includes the types of apostolates the institute will focus on, in keeping with that purpose • Objectively and juridically, the constitutions of a religious community are the basic principles on which the community is to operate: • Rules are the directives for implementing these principles; • Customs are generally the quasi-prescriptive norms that differ from region to region (or province to province) within a single large community.

Taken from Fr. Hardon’s American Religious Life in Historical Perspective Steps in Formation Process

• Aspirancy • Postulancy • • Temporal Vows • Perpetual Vows Secular Institutes in the USA

Institute For Founded Purpose Apostolic Women 1947 Apostolic holiness Apostolic Sodales Priests 1992 Priestly holiness & brotherhood Caritas Christi Women 1937 Contemplative apostolic laywomen Catechists of the Heart of Women 1940 Religious instruction Jesus Company of St. Paul Priests, men, & 1920 of professional women work Crusaders of St. Mary Men 1960 Formation of young people Bosco Volunteers Women 1978 A variety of apostolates Family of Mary of the Women 1976 Help people protect their faith Visitation Father Kolbe Missionaries Women 1954 Evangelization, veneration of of the Immaculata Mary Handmaids of Divine Women 1951 To promote riches, graces, vital Mercy life stream of Divine Mercy Secular Institutes in the USA

Institute For Founded Purpose Institute of the Heart of Priests 1791 Diocesan priestly life Jesus Institute of the Heart of Men 1791 Consecrate to God through Jesus evangelical vows, prayer, and fraternal accountability Institute of the Heart of Women 1791 Live radically Jesus Jesus Caritas Fraternity Women 1952 In the tradition of Lay Missionaries of the Men 1980 Promise to live the spirit of the Passion Passion of our Lord Lay Missionaries of the Women 1980 Transform the world Passion Madonna della Strada Women 1936 Christianize secular world Mission of Our Lady of Women 1948 Love the rejected Bethany Secular Institutes in the USA

Institute For Founded Purpose Missionaries of the Women 1919 Witness Gospel values Kingship of Christ Missionaries of the Men 1928 Reign of Christ Kingship of Christ Notre-Dame de Vie Women, men & 1932 Primacy of spiritual in world priests (spirit of Carmel) Missionaries of Women 1952 Live charity of Christ Mary Immaculate Opus Spiritus Sancti Priests, 1950 For a new Pentecost Pius X Men 1940 Serves particular apostolate of institute Schoenstatt Fathers Priests 1988 To promote Schoenstatt Schoenstatt Sisters of Women 1926 Marian, renewal of society Mary DeSales Women 1964 Personal sanctification, parish apostolates Secular Institutes in the USA

Institute For Founded Purpose Servite Secular Institute Women 1947 and service Servitium Christi Women 1952 Live mystery of Eucharist Voluntas Dei Institute Priests, men, 1958 Serve the Church everywhere married couples

Information taken from: www.secularinstitutes.org Examples of Societies of Apostolic Life • Apostles of the Interior Life • • Bethlehem Mission Society • PIME Missisonaries • • Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter • Congregation of Jesus and • Priestly Fraternity of the Mary - The Eudists Missionaries of St.Charles • Daughters of Charity of St. Borromeo Vincent de Paul • Sisters of Social Service • • Society of Our Lady of the • Institute of Most Holy Sovereign • Society of Saint-Sulpice • Institute of the Good • Society of the Shepherd Apostolate • • Sodalitium Christianae Vitae • Missionaries of the Precious • Society of St. Blood Thomas the Apostle • of Saint Phillip Neri Consecrated Virgins Central elements of consecrated

From the Code of Law: • The is consecrated to God by the according to a rite approved by the church. [Catechism of the , 922-924] • She is betrothed mystically to Christ and dedicated to the service of the church. • She enters a public state of consecrated life in the Church. • She lives her life individually, under the direction of the diocesan Bishop.

Information taken from: consecratedvirgins.org Consecrated Virgins Central elements of consecrated virginity

From the Rite of to a Life of Virginity: • The is constituted a sacred person in the Church. [Introduction, No. 1] • No particular service or spirituality is imposed; the consecrated virgin's time is spent in works of penance and of mercy, in apostolic activity, and in prayer, in accord with her state of life and spiritual gifts. [No. 2] • She is strongly advised to recite the Liturgy of the Hours daily, and is committed to praying Morning and Evening Prayer. [No.2] • Her life is one of perpetual virginity. [No.5]

Information taken from: consecratedvirgins.org Consecrated Virgins Central elements of consecrated virginity Secular State: The consecrated virgin remains in the secular state, providing completely for her own material needs, medical care, and retirement. At no time is the diocese financially responsible for her. [Sr. Sharon Holland, Consecrated Virgins for Today's Church, 1998, as printed in Consecrated Life, Vol. 24, No.2, pp. 257-75]

Information taken from: consecratedvirgins.org Consecrated Virgins Central elements of consecrated virginity The consecrated virgin does not wear habit or , nor use the "Sister," nor write "OCV" after her name. She witnesses subtly, but publicly and powerfully, by her virginal life given exclusively to Jesus Christ. Consecrated virgins today wear their ring, but their comportment, modesty in dress, simplicity in lifestyle all betoken their living of the evangelical counsels.

Information taken from: consecratedvirgins.org From & the Catechism ALL INSTITUTES OF CONSECRATED LIFE (Cann. 573 - 606) • Can. 603 A is recognized by law as one dedicated to God in consecrated life if he or she publicly professes in the hands of the diocesan bishop the three evangelical counsels, confirmed by vow or other sacred bond, and observes a proper program of living under his direction. • Can. 604 §1. Similar to these forms of consecrated life is the order of virgins who, expressing the holy resolution of following Christ more closely, are consecrated to God by the diocesan bishop according to the approved liturgical rite, are mystically betrothed to Christ, the Son of God, and are dedicated to the service of the Church. From Canon Law & the Catechism RELIGIOUS INSTITUTES (Cann. 607 - 709) • Can. 673 The apostolate of all religious consists first of all in the witness of their consecrated life, which they are bound to foster by prayer and penance.

SECULAR INSTITUTES (Cann. 710 - 730) • Can. 710 A secular institute is an institute of consecrated life in which the Christian faithful, living in the world, strive for the perfection of charity and seek to contribute to the sanctification of the world, especially from within. • Can. 711 The consecration of a member of a secular institute does not change the member’s proper canonical condition among the , whether lay or clerical, with due regard for the prescripts of the law which refer to institutes of consecrated life. From Canon Law & the Catechism SOCIETIES OF APOSTOLIC LIFE (Cann. 731 - 755) • Can. 731 §1. Societies of apostolic life resemble institutes of consecrated life; their members, without , pursue the apostolic purpose proper to the society and, leading a life in common as brothers or sisters according to their proper manner of life, strive for the perfection of charity through the observance of the constitutions. • Can. 740 Members must live in a house or in a legitimately established community and must observe common life according to the norm of proper law, which also governs absences from the house or community.

CONSECRATED LIFE • CCC 914 "The state of life which is constituted by the profession of the evangelical counsels, while not entering into the hierarchical structure of the Church, belongs undeniably to her life and holiness.“ • CCC 915 It is the profession of these counsels, within a permanent state of life recognized by the Church, that characterizes the life consecrated to God. From Canon Law & the Catechism • CCC 920 Without always professing the three evangelical counsels publicly, hermits "devote their life to the praise of God and of the world through a stricter separation from the world, the silence of solitude and assiduous prayer and penance."

ORDER OF VIRGINS • CCC 924 the order of virgins establishes the woman living in the world (or the ) in prayer, penance, service of her brethren, and apostolic activity, according to the state of life and spiritual gifts given to her. Consecrated virgins can form themselves into associations to observe their commitment more faithfully. From Canon Law & the Catechism RELIGIOUS LIFE • CCC 925 Lived within institutes canonically erected by the Church, it [religious life] is distinguished from other forms of consecrated life by its liturgical character, public profession of the evangelical counsels, fraternal life led in common, and witness given to the union of Christ with the Church.

SECULAR INSTITUTES • CCC 928 "A secular institute is an institute of consecrated life in which the Christian faithful living in the world strive for the perfection of charity and work for the sanctification of the world especially from within." From Canon Law & the Catechism SOCIETIES OF APOSTOLIC LIFE • CCC 930 Alongside the different forms of consecrated life are "societies of apostolic life whose members without religious vows pursue the particular apostolic purpose of their society, and lead a life as brothers or sisters in common according to a particular manner of life, strive for the perfection of charity through the observance of the constitutions. Among these there are societies in which the members embrace the evangelical counsels" according to their constitutions. A Prayer by Bishop David Ricken Almighty God, You have given me the gift of life, and the gift of your Holy Spirit. For these incredible gifts, I thank you. Help me to use them well.

Deepen within me a desire to do your will. Help me to hear and answer your call to serve you. Guide me to the vocation you have chosen for me, as a loving spouse and parent in the of Marriage, as a single person living a life of generous service, or through a special call to serve you in Religious Life or the Priesthood.

May your Holy Spirit keep me always close to your Son Jesus, and help me to say yes to Him with the gift of my life.

Amen.