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Boron in Waters, Effluents, Sewage and Some Solids, 1980

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Boron in Waters, Effluents, Sewage and Some Solids, 1980 Boron in Waters, Effluents, Sewage and some Solids, 1980 Methodsfor the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials This document London Her Majesty's Stationery Office £3.20 net contains 39 pages Boron in Waters, Effluents, Sewage and some Solids, 1980 Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials This booklet contains four methods (Parts B—E), a section of general information (PartA), which see for choice of method, and an appendix on sample pretreatments. Contents Warning to users 4 B5 Apparatus 12 About this series 5 B6 Sample collection and preservation 13 B7 Procedure 13 Part A GeneralInformation 6 B8 Preparation of the calibration curve 14 B9 Concentration of the method 14 Al Comparison of methods 6 range B10 References 14 Al.! Boron in waters, effluentsand sewage 6 Al .2 Boron in other materials 6 A1.3 Comparison of methods for Part C Azomethine-H Automated Method 15 determining boronm solution 6 A2 Common causes of error 7 Cl Performance characteristics of the method 15 A2.l Losses 7 C2 Principle 15 A2.2 Boron contamination 7 C3 Interferences 16 A3 Reagents 7 C4 Reagents 16 A3.l Hazards 8 C5 Apparatus 18 A4 Boron standard 8 C6 Sample collection and preservation 18 A5 Samples and sample storage 8 C7 Sample pretreatment 18 A5.l Sample bottles 8 C8 Procedure 18 A5.2 Preservation of samples 9 C9 Concentration range of the method 20 A5.3 Sediments 9 ClO Sources of error 20 A5.4 Volume correction 9 Cli References 21 A6 Typical boron ranges 9 A7 Analytical quality control 9 A8 Testing for interferenceeffects 9 Part D Azomethine-H Manual Method 22 A8.1 Removal if necessary offluoroborate, Dl Performancecharacteristics of the method 22 perborate and other interfenng D2 22 anions 10 Principle D3 Interferences 23 A9 Reference 10 D4 Reagents 24 D5 24 Part B Curcumin Colorimetric Method 11 Apparatus . D6 Sample collection and preservation 24 B 1 Performance characteristics ofthe method 11 D7 Procedure 25 B2 Principle 11 D8 Preparation of the calibration curve 26 B3 Interferences 12 D9 Concentration range of the method 26 B4 Reagents 12 D10 References 26 Part F Mannitol Titrimetric Method 27 III Pretreatment for boron determinations in the of El Performance characteristics of the method 27 presence matter and nitrate 32 E2 Principle 27 organic E3 Interference 27 111.1 Reagents 32 111.2 32 E4 Reagents 28 Apparatus 111.3 Procedure 32 E5 Apparatus 28 E6 Sample collection and preservation 28 IV Pretreatment for boron E7 Procedure 28 determinations in the presence of E8 References 29 resistant borosilicates and similar materials 33 Appendix I Sample Pretreatments—Introduction 30 IV.1 Application 33 IV.2 II of an extract for the Reagents 33 Preparation IV.3 determination of water-soluble Apparatus 33 lV.4 Procedure 33 boron in soils, sediments and sewage sludges 31 Appendix References 34 11.1 Principle 31 Address for Correspondence 35 11.2 Sample Preparation 31 11.3 Procedure 31 Membership responsiblefor this method inside 11.4 Determination of Total back cover Extractable Boron 31 London: Her Majesty'sStationery Office N"N // 3 Warning to users The analytical procedures given in this booklet should administration of the correct antidote can save life; but only be carried out by competent trained persons, with that incorrect treatment can make matters worse. It is adequate supervision when necessary. Local Safety suggested that both supervisors and operators be Regulations must be observed. Laboratory procedures familiar with emergencyprocedures before starting even should be carried out only in properly equipped a slightly hazardous operation. and that doctors con- laboratories. Field operations should be conducted with sulted after any accident involvingchemical contamina- due regard to possible local hazards, and portable safety tion, ingestion,or inhalation, be made familiar with the equipment should be carried. Care should be taken chemical nature of the injury, as some chemical injuries against creating hazards. Lone working, whether in the require specialisttreatment not normally encountered by laboratory or field, should be discouraged. Reagents of most doctors. Similar warning should be given if a bio- adequate purity must be used, along with properly main- logical or radiochemical injury is suspected. Some very tained apparatus and equipment of correct specifica- unusual parasites, virusesand other micro-organismsare tions. Specificationsfor reagents, apparatus and equip- occasionally encountered in samples and when sampling ment are given in manufacturers' catalogues and in the field. In the latter case, all equipment including various published standards. If contamination is sus- footwear should be disinfected by appropriate methods pected, reagent purity should be checked before use. if contamination is suspected. There are numerous handbooks on first-aid and The best safeguard is a thorough consideration of laboratory safety.Among suchpublications are: 'Code of hazards and the and Practice for Chemical consequent safety precautions Laboratories' and Hazards in the remedies well in advance. Without to a Chemical issued the of intending give Laboratory' by Royal Society complete checklist, pointsthat experience has shown are Chemistry, London; and in Lab- 'Safety Biological often forgotten include: laboratory tidiness, stray radia- oratories' (Editors Hartree and Booth). Biochemical tion leaks (including ultra violet), use of correct protec- Society Special Publication No 5, The Biochemical tive and removal of toxic fumes and London, which includes hazards. clothing goggles, Society, biological wastes, containment in the event of breakage, access to Where the Committee have considered that a special taps, escape routes, and the accessibility of the correct unusual hazard exists, attention has been drawn to this and properly maintained first-aid, fire-fighting, and in the text so that additional care might be taken beyond rescue equipment. If in doubt, it is safer to assume that that which should be exercisedat all times when carrying the hazard may exist and take reasonable precautions, out analytical procedures. It cannot be too strongly rather than to assume that no hazard exists untilproved emphasised that prompt first-aid, decontamination, or otherwise. © Crown copyright1981 Firstpublished 1981 ISBN 0 11 751583 3 4 About this series This booklet is part of a series intended to provide Analysts is one of the joint technical committees of the recommended methods for the determination of water Department of the Environment and the National Water quality. In addition, the series contains short reviews Council. It has nine Working Groups, each responsible of the more important analytical techniques of interest for one section or aspect of water cycle quality analysis. to the water and sewage industries. In the past, the They are as follows: Department of the Environment and its predecessors, 1.0 General principles of sampling and accuracy of in collaboration with various learned societies, have results issued volumes of methods for the analysisof water and 2.0 Instrumentation and on-line analysis sewage culminating in 'Analysis of Raw, Potable and 3.0 Empirical and physical methods Waste Waters'. These volumes inevitably took some 4.0 Metals and metalloids years to prepare, so that they were often partially out of 5.0 General nonmetallic substances date before theyappeared inprint. Thepresent serieswill 6.0 Organic impurities be published as individual methods, thus allowingfor the 7.0 Biologicalmethods replacement or addition of methods as quickly as 8.0 Sludge and other solids analysis possiblewithout need of waiting for the next edition.The 9.0 Radiochemical methods rate of publication will also be related to the urgency of The actual methods etc are produced by smallerpanels of requirement for that particular method, tentative experts in the appropriatefield, underthe overall super- methods being issued when necessary. The aim is to vision of the appropriate working group and the main provide as complete and up to date a collection of committee. The names of those associated with this methods and reviewsas is practicable, which will, as far method are listed inside the back cover. as take into account the facilities possible, analytical will available in different parts of the Kingdom, and the Publication of new or revised methods be notifiedto technical whilst list of Methods in Print is quality criteria of interest to those responsible for the the press, a in the current HMSO Sectional Publication List various aspects of the water cycle. Because both needs given No and the current status of and revision and equipment vary widely, where necessary,a selection 5, publication of methods may be recommended for a single deter- will be given in the biennial reports of the Standing minand. It will be the responsibility of the users — the Committee of Analysts. senior analytical chemist, biologists, bacteriologist etc, Whilst an effort is made to errors from to decide which of these methods to use for the deter- prevent occuring in the few errors have been found in mination in hand. Whilst attentionof the user is drawn published text, a booklets in this series. Correction notes for booklets in to known hazardswhich occur with the any special may this seriesare given in the Reports of The StandingCom- use of any particular method, responsibility for proper of the of the of safe conditions mittee Analysts, published by Department supervisionand the provision working Environment but sold the National Water must remain with the user. by Council, 1 Queen Anne's Gate, London SW1H 9BT. Should an Thepreparation of this seriesand itscontinuous revision error be found affecting the operation of a method, the is the responsibility of the Standing Committee of true sense not being obvious, or an error in the printed Analysts (to review Standard Methods for Quality text be discovered prior to sale, a separate correction Controlof the WaterCycle). The StandingCommittee of note will be issued for inclusion in the booklet. TA DICK Chairman LR PITFWELL Secretary 4 December1980 5 Part A General Information Note: Throughoutthis publicationboron is expressedas the element (B).
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