Map 42 Arretium-Asculum Compiled by W.V
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Umbria from the Iron Age to the Augustan Era
UMBRIA FROM THE IRON AGE TO THE AUGUSTAN ERA PhD Guy Jolyon Bradley University College London BieC ILONOIK.] ProQuest Number: 10055445 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10055445 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract This thesis compares Umbria before and after the Roman conquest in order to assess the impact of the imposition of Roman control over this area of central Italy. There are four sections specifically on Umbria and two more general chapters of introduction and conclusion. The introductory chapter examines the most important issues for the history of the Italian regions in this period and the extent to which they are relevant to Umbria, given the type of evidence that survives. The chapter focuses on the concept of state formation, and the information about it provided by evidence for urbanisation, coinage, and the creation of treaties. The second chapter looks at the archaeological and other available evidence for the history of Umbria before the Roman conquest, and maps the beginnings of the formation of the state through the growth in social complexity, urbanisation and the emergence of cult places. -
Kings on Coins: the Appearance of Numa on Augustan Coinage
Kings on Coins: The Appearance of Numa on Augustan Coinage AIMEE TURNER1 iconography, which he began to develop and experiment with in the triumviral period, and continued to utilise into his principate.6 Many In 22 BCE, an as was minted bearing the of the images he employed focus on religious image of Augustus Caesar on the obverse and iconography which promoted Augustus as a 7 Numa Pompilius on the reverse. Discussion of restorer of Roman tradition. In 22 BCE, an this coin in the context of Augustan ideology as was produced that featured the image of has been limited.2 Although one aspect of the Augustus on the obverse and Numa Pompilius, coin’s message relates to the promotion of the second king of Rome, on the reverse. the moneyer’s family, a closer analysis of its Numa was the quasi-legendary second king 8 iconographical and historical context provides of Rome, following Romulus. He is credited important evidence for the early public image with establishing the major religious practices 9 of Augustus, particularly in regard to religion. of the city as well as its first peaceful period. To that end, this paper intends to establish the As one of the earliest coins of the principate, traditional use of kings in Republican coins it offers important evidence for the early and the development of religious iconography public image of Augustus and the direction he in early Augustan coinage. By ascertaining intended to take at that time. His propaganda this framework, the full significance of the as was fluid, changing to meet the demands of the of 22 BCE becomes clearer. -
Passion for Cycling Tourism
TUSCANY if not HERE, where? PASSION FOR CYCLING TOURISM Tuscany offers you • Unique landscapes and climate • A journey into history and art: from Etruscans to Renaissance down to the present day • An extensive network of cycle paths, unpaved and paved roads with hardly any traffic • Unforgettable cuisine, superb wines and much more ... if not HERE, where? Tuscany is the ideal place for a relaxing cycling holiday: the routes are endless, from the paved roads of Chianti to trails through the forests of the Apennines and the Apuan Alps, from the coast to the historic routes and the eco-paths in nature photo: Enrico Borgogni reserves and through the Val d’Orcia. This guide has been designed to be an excellent travel companion as you ride from one valley, bike trail or cultural site to another, sometimes using the train, all according to the experiences reported by other cyclists. But that’s not all: in the guide you will find tips on where to eat and suggestions for exploring the various areas without overlooking small gems or important sites, with the added benefit of taking advantage of special conditions reserved for the owners of this guide. Therefore, this book is suitable not only for families and those who like easy routes, but can also be helpful to those who want to plan multiple-day excursions with higher levels of difficulty or across uscanyT for longer tours The suggested itineraries are only a part of the rich cycling opportunities that make Tuscany one of the paradises for this kind of activity, and have been selected giving priority to low-traffic roads, white roads or paths always in close contact with nature, trying to reach and show some of our region’s most interesting destinations. -
Discovery Marche.Pdf
the MARCHE region Discovering VADEMECUM FOR THE TOURIST OF THE THIRD MILLENNIUM Discovering THE MARCHE REGION MARCHE Italy’s Land of Infinite Discovery the MARCHE region “...For me the Marche is the East, the Orient, the sun that comes at dawn, the light in Urbino in Summer...” Discovering Mario Luzi (Poet, 1914-2005) Overlooking the Adriatic Sea in the centre of Italy, with slightly more than a million and a half inhabitants spread among its five provinces of Ancona, the regional seat, Pesaro and Urbino, Macerata, Fermo and Ascoli Piceno, with just one in four of its municipalities containing more than five thousand residents, the Marche, which has always been Italyʼs “Gateway to the East”, is the countryʼs only region with a plural name. Featuring the mountains of the Apennine chain, which gently slope towards the sea along parallel val- leys, the region is set apart by its rare beauty and noteworthy figures such as Giacomo Leopardi, Raphael, Giovan Battista Pergolesi, Gioachino Rossini, Gaspare Spontini, Father Matteo Ricci and Frederick II, all of whom were born here. This guidebook is meant to acquaint tourists of the third millennium with the most important features of our terri- tory, convincing them to come and visit Marche. Discovering the Marche means taking a path in search of beauty; discovering the Marche means getting to know a land of excellence, close at hand and just waiting to be enjoyed. Discovering the Marche means discovering a region where both culture and the environment are very much a part of the Made in Marche brand. 3 GEOGRAPHY On one side the Apen nines, THE CLIMATE od for beach tourism is July on the other the Adriatic The regionʼs climate is as and August. -
Waters of Rome Journal
TIBER RIVER BRIDGES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANCIENT CITY OF ROME Rabun Taylor [email protected] Introduction arly Rome is usually interpreted as a little ring of hilltop urban area, but also the everyday and long-term movements of E strongholds surrounding the valley that is today the Forum. populations. Much of the subsequent commentary is founded But Rome has also been, from the very beginnings, a riverside upon published research, both by myself and by others.2 community. No one doubts that the Tiber River introduced a Functionally, the bridges in Rome over the Tiber were commercial and strategic dimension to life in Rome: towns on of four types. A very few — perhaps only one permanent bridge navigable rivers, especially if they are near the river’s mouth, — were private or quasi-private, and served the purposes of enjoy obvious advantages. But access to and control of river their owners as well as the public. ThePons Agrippae, discussed traffic is only one aspect of riparian power and responsibility. below, may fall into this category; we are even told of a case in This was not just a river town; it presided over the junction of the late Republic in which a special bridge was built across the a river and a highway. Adding to its importance is the fact that Tiber in order to provide access to the Transtiberine tomb of the river was a political and military boundary between Etruria the deceased during the funeral.3 The second type (Pons Fabri- and Latium, two cultural domains, which in early times were cius, Pons Cestius, Pons Neronianus, Pons Aelius, Pons Aure- often at war. -
Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N
Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N. Purcell, 1997 Introduction The landscape of central Italy has not been intrinsically stable. The steep slopes of the mountains have been deforested–several times in many cases–with consequent erosion; frane or avalanches remove large tracts of regolith, and doubly obliterate the archaeological record. In the valley-bottoms active streams have deposited and eroded successive layers of fill, sealing and destroying the evidence of settlement in many relatively favored niches. The more extensive lowlands have also seen substantial depositions of alluvial and colluvial material; the coasts have been exposed to erosion, aggradation and occasional tectonic deformation, or–spectacularly in the Bay of Naples– alternating collapse and re-elevation (“bradyseism”) at a staggeringly rapid pace. Earthquakes everywhere have accelerated the rate of change; vulcanicity in Campania has several times transformed substantial tracts of landscape beyond recognition–and reconstruction (thus no attempt is made here to re-create the contours of any of the sometimes very different forerunners of today’s Mt. Vesuvius). To this instability must be added the effect of intensive and continuous intervention by humanity. Episodes of depopulation in the Italian peninsula have arguably been neither prolonged nor pronounced within the timespan of the map and beyond. Even so, over the centuries the settlement pattern has been more than usually mutable, which has tended to obscure or damage the archaeological record. More archaeological evidence has emerged as modern urbanization spreads; but even more has been destroyed. What is available to the historical cartographer varies in quality from area to area in surprising ways. -
Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C. Seth G. Bernard University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Bernard, Seth G., "Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C." (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 492. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/492 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/492 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C. Abstract MEN AT WORK: PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION, LABOR, AND SOCIETY AT MID-REPUBLICAN ROME, 390-168 B.C. Seth G. Bernard C. Brian Rose, Supervisor of Dissertation This dissertation investigates how Rome organized and paid for the considerable amount of labor that went into the physical transformation of the Middle Republican city. In particular, it considers the role played by the cost of public construction in the socioeconomic history of the period, here defined as 390 to 168 B.C. During the Middle Republic period, Rome expanded its dominion first over Italy and then over the Mediterranean. As it developed into the political and economic capital of its world, the city itself went through transformative change, recognizable in a great deal of new public infrastructure. -
Reconstructing the Ancient Urban Landscape in a Long-Lived City: the Asculum Project – Combining Research, Territorial Planning and Preventative Archaeology
Archeologia e Calcolatori 28.2, 2017, 301-309 RECONSTRUCTING THE ANCIENT URBAN LANDSCAPE IN A LONG-LIVED CITY: THE ASCULUM PROJECT – COMBINING RESEARCH, TERRITORIAL PLANNING AND PREVENTATIVE ARCHAEOLOGY 1. The Asculum Project. Aims, methods and landscape In recent years the University of Bologna has gained valuable experience in the field of archaeological impact assessment and development-led archae- ology. This has been achieved within studies focused on the phenomenon of cities and urban life in antiquity, this being one of the long-standing lines of research pursued by the University’s Department of History and Cultures (Boschi 2016a). Within this general line of investigation the Asculum Project was initiated as an agreed cooperation between the University, the former Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici delle Marche and the Municipality of Ascoli Piceno, primarily as a project of urban and preventative archaeology in a long-lived city. Through that cooperation the Asculum Project aims to generate new knowledge and understanding about the past of this important city while at the same time playing an active role in the planning process within a func- tioning urban landscape, producing benefits for a wide range of interests and helping to reconcile the needs of preservation and research within the ambit of sustainable urban development. The city of Ascoli Piceno is situated in the heart of the ancient region of Picenum within the valley of the River Tronto that provides a natural com- munication route by way of the Gole del Velino to the Tiber and thence to the Tyrrhenian side of the Italian peninsula. The city originated as the main settlement of the Piceni culture, during the Iron Age, at the confluence of the River Tronto and its smaller tributary the River Castellano. -
C HAPTER THREE Dissertation I on the Waters and Aqueducts Of
Aqueduct Hunting in the Seventeenth Century: Raffaele Fabretti's De aquis et aquaeductibus veteris Romae Harry B. Evans http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=17141, The University of Michigan Press C HAPTER THREE Dissertation I on the Waters and Aqueducts of Ancient Rome o the distinguished Giovanni Lucio of Trau, Raffaello Fabretti, son of T Gaspare, of Urbino, sends greetings. 1. introduction Thanks to your interest in my behalf, the things I wrote to you earlier about the aqueducts I observed around the Anio River do not at all dis- please me. You have in›uenced my diligence by your expressions of praise, both in your own name and in the names of your most learned friends (whom you also have in very large number). As a result, I feel that I am much more eager to pursue the investigation set forth on this subject; I would already have completed it had the abundance of waters from heaven not shown itself opposed to my own watery task. But you should not think that I have been completely idle: indeed, although I was not able to approach for a second time the sources of the Marcia and Claudia, at some distance from me, and not able therefore to follow up my ideas by surer rea- soning, not uselessly, perhaps, will I show you that I have been engaged in the more immediate neighborhood of that aqueduct introduced by Pope Sixtus and called the Acqua Felice from his own name before his ponti‹- 19 Aqueduct Hunting in the Seventeenth Century: Raffaele Fabretti's De aquis et aquaeductibus veteris Romae Harry B. -
Ovid at Falerii
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Departmental Papers (Classical Studies) Classical Studies at Penn 2014 The Poet in an Artificial Landscape: Ovid at Falerii Joseph Farrell University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/classics_papers Part of the Classics Commons Recommended Citation (OVERRIDE) Farrell, Joseph. (2014). “The Poet in an Artificial Landscape: Ovid at alerii.F ” In D. P. Nelis and Manuel Royo (Eds.), Lire la Ville: fragments d’une archéologie littéraire de Rome antique (pp. 215–236). Bordeaux: Éditions Ausonius. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/classics_papers/128 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Poet in an Artificial Landscape: Ovid at Falerii Abstract For Ovid, erotic elegy is a quintessentially urban genre. In the Amores, excursions outside the city are infrequent. Distance from the city generally equals distance from the beloved, and so from the life of the lover. This is peculiarly true of Amores, 3.13, a poem that seems to signal the end of Ovid’s career as a literary lover and to predict his future as a poet of rituals and antiquities. For a student of poetry, it is tempting to read the landscape of such a poem as purely symbolic; and I will begin by sketching such a reading. But, as we will see, testing this reading against what can be known about the actual landscape in which the poem is set forces a revision of the results. And this revision is twofold. In the first instance, taking into account certain specific eaturf es of the landscape makes possible the correction of the particular, somewhat limited interpretive hypothesis that a purely literary reading would most probably recommend, and this is valuable in itself. -
Hispellum: a Case Study of the Augustan Agenda*
Acta Ant. Hung. 55, 2015, 111–118 DOI: 10.1556/068.2015.55.1–4.7 TIZIANA CARBONI HISPELLUM: A CASE STUDY * OF THE AUGUSTAN AGENDA Summary: A survey of archaeological, epigraphic, and literary sources demonstrates that Hispellum is an adequate case study to examine the different stages through which Augustus’ Romanization program was implemented. Its specificity mainly resides in the role played by the shrine close to the river Clitumnus as a symbol of the meeting between the Umbrian identity and the Roman culture. Key words: Umbrians, Romanization, Augustan colonization, sanctuary, Clitumnus The Aeneid shows multiple instances of the legitimization, as well as the exaltation, of the Augustan agenda. Scholars pointed out that Vergil’s poetry is a product and at the same time the producer of the Augustan ideology.1 In the “Golden Age” (aurea sae- cula) of the principate, the Romans became “masters of the whole world” (rerum do- mini), and governed with their power (imperium) the conquered people.2 In his famous verses of the so-called prophecy of Jupiter, Vergil explained the process through which Augustus was building the Roman Empire: by waging war (bellum gerere), and by gov- erning the conquered territories. While ruling over the newly acquired lands, Augustus would normally start a building program, and would substitute the laws and the cus- toms of the defeated people with those of the Romans (mores et moenia ponere).3 These were the two phases of the process named as “Romanization” by histo- rians, a process whose originally believed function has recently been challenged.4 * I would like to sincerely thank Prof. -
Frank Vermeulen Review Of: Michele Silani, 2017
GROMAdocumenting archaeology | dept. of history and cultures, university of bologna Open-Access E-Journal about methodology applied to archaeology http://groma.unibo.it Frank Vermeulen Review of: Michele Silani, 2017. “Città e terri- torio: la formazione della città romana nell’ager Gallicus” Volume 3-2018 ISSN: 1825-411X pp. 1-14 Publisher: BraDypUS [http://books.bradypus.net] Publication date: 27/12/2018 License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International Section: Book review FRANK VERMEULEN Review of: Michele Silani, 2017. “Città e territorio: la formazione della città romana nell’ager Gallicus” This well written study on the formation of Roman towns in northern Marche, is crucial for our understanding of the colonisation and rule by Rome of the so-called ager Gallicus, between the con- quest in 295 BC and the reign of Augustus. As I have underlined in a recent volume that approaches the same subject for the somewhat wider central Adriatic region of Italy (F. Vermeulen, From the Mountains to the Sea. The Roman Colonisation and Urbanisation of Central Adriatic Italy, 2017) the book by Silani is a successful attempt to describe and analyse the formation and growth of towns in this still somewhat under-studied area of central Italy. The young scholar contributes significantly to a better understanding of the lasting Roman impact on conquered societies in this area south of the fertile Po plain, squeezed between the Apennines, the Adriatic and the area of the focal maritime harbour of Ancona. The first phase of Romanisation especially, coinciding with the later centuries of the Republic (third to first centuries BC), and culminating in the reign of Augustus, is essential to deciphering forms of transmission, assimilation and cultural integration.