95 International Tourism of Moldova and the Problems
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CZU: 338.48(478)(100) INTERNATIONAL TOURISM OF MOLDOVA AND THE PROBLEMS OF ITS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CROTENCO Irina, Phd in Economics, Institute of International Relations of Moldova SUMMARY Are researched main indicators of international tourism in Moldova. Has been carried out the analysis of the dynamics of inbound and outbound tourism, have been identified the problems of sustainable development of the industry. Are formulated recommendations aimed at improving the situation in the field of tourism in the Republic of Moldova. Keywords: international tourism, tourism of the Republic of Moldova, sustainable development. TURISMUL INTERNAȚIONAL AL MOLDOVEI ȘI PROBLEMELE DEZVOLTĂRII LUI DURABILE CROTENCO Irina, doctor în economie, Institutul de Relații Internaționale din Moldova REZUMAT Sunt cercetați principalii indicatori ai turismului internațional din Moldova. Este făcută analiza dinamicii tu- rismului de intrare și de ieșire, și identificate problemele dezvoltării durabile a industriei. Sunt formulate recoman- dări pentru îmbunătățirea situației din domeniul turismului în Republica Moldova. Cuvintele cheie: turism internațional, turism al Republicii Moldova, dezvoltare durabilă. Introduction. Among the segments of the regional to the paradigm of development of the world and economy, which predetermine the accelerated growth European economy. of the national economy, international organizations Methodology of the study.The methodological more often call the tourism sector. In 2017 the number basis of the study is the systematical and structural of international tourist arrivals increased by 7% and analysis.The research is based on the laws, principles reached 1.323 billion people, which is 84 million more and categories of dialectical logic.The methodology than in the previous year. Tourism accounts for 10.2% focuses on such methods as qualitative and of global GDP, every tenth working place, 30% of quantitative data analysis, synthesis, comparison, world exports of services and 7% of world exports of induction and deduction, description, economic and goods and services. World revenues from international mathematical modeling, statistical methods of econo- tourism in 2017 amounted to US$ 1340 billion [6]. mic conjuncture research.The results processed with This attracts huge organizational, research, material, the help of these methods allow to show the labor and financial resources into the tourism sphere, quantitative dependence in the form of graphs, which form a fundamentally new image of traditional diagrams, tables. tourist activities. These facts cause reasonable interest The information databases of the article include of most countries, regions, communities and the works of foreign and domestic researchers in the entrepreneurs to use the potential of tourism and field of theory and practice of strategic management, travel. Sustainable development of tourism becomes a statistical and analytical reporting data and priority in most countries of the world. information from national and international Atthe current stage of the development,the Repu- organizations.In particular, the materials of the Natio- blic of Moldova is laggingbehind in the European nal Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova, region in terms of gross domestic product per capita, the World Tourism Organization, the World Economic income and quality.Transformation of Moldova’s Forum, and others. economy in the market direction requires a deeper The article is based on legislative and strategic development and application of strategic management documents regulating activities in the industry, in mechanisms.Country needs to take into account that particular, the Law on the Organization and the choice of ways of improving a strategic manage- Implementation of Tourism in Moldova the Tourism ment at the regional level of the economy and certain Development Strategy “Tourism 2020” and other spheres of economic activity, which becomes a national and international documents in the field of priority goal of the national management in developed tourism. countries. The urgency of solving the problems Study of the problem. Despite the fact, that raisedrecently in Moldova causes the country to search tourism is legally recognized as one of the priority the ways to achieve sustainable development of areas of the national economy in Moldova [11], it still tourismthrough economicmechanisms that are adapted has many unresolved problems on its way to the 95 sustainable development. With the overall stable characterized by a multidirectional dynamic. The growth of tourism in the world, in Moldova the beginning of the 1990s was one of the most productive industry is developing extremely unevenly. This periods of arrival tourism in Moldova. In 1992, the applies to all components of tourism – inbound, country was visited by 292 thousand people (see Table outbound and internal tourism. Thus, in 2017, the 1). Arrival tourism (tourism exports, forming the number of officially registered international tourists in country's income) collapsed in 1992-1994 from 292 to the country is 13 times less than the number of Mol- 26 thousand people (Figure 1). Later, the number of dovan tourists who went abroad [3]. In spite of very foreign tourists in Moldova ranged from 9 to 33 insignificant achievements in the national economy, thousand people. Since 2000, the best result was profound organizational and administrative changes achieved in 2004, when 26 thousand people arrived to have been carried out in Moldova over the years of the country with a tourist visit. As it can be seen from independence. The rights of enterprises have been Table 1, the number of foreign visitors arriving in expanded, privatization has been largely carried out, recent years in our country is small. In particular, in price liberalization has been carried out, agrarian 2017 the number of foreign visitors was only 17.5 reform has been carried out, free exchange of currency thousand people, whereas in 1992 this figure exceeded has been permitted. All this has not left unchanged the 292 thousand, which is almost 17 times more. These sphere of international economic relations, in which numbers clearly demonstrate the need for a radical the place of the tourism industry is constantly being reform of the public administration system of the reformed. industry. In general, in Moldova for a long period international tourism arrivals and departures are 300000 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Figure 1. The Dynamics of Arrival Tourism in the Republic of Moldova for 1992-2017 (compiled by the author according to [1]) Departure tourism of Moldova (tourist imports, accompanied by the export of currency from their country and financing the development of the arrival country economy) on the contrary had an unstable trend during 1992- 2006. However, having reached the level of 1995 in 2006, the outflow of departure tourism in Moldova subsequently grew, amounting to almost 230 thousand tourists in 2017 (see Figure 2). Table 1. Tourism, Organized by Travel Agencies and Tour Operators in the Republic of Moldova for 1992-2017, as of December 31 1992 1995 2000 2005 2010 2017 Total tourists 341069 104119 78121 143110 161754 284953 including The number of foreign visitors who 292220 32821 18964 25073 8956 17497 arrived in the country, total[1] The number of Moldovan visitors who 48849 71298 32452 57231 117204 229349 went abroad, total[1] Number of tourists and excursionists1 participating in domestic tourism, total - - 26705 60806 35594 38107 [4] 1Moldovan citizens 96 Thus, in general for Moldova, the gap between the total. In turn, the number of overnight tourists in departure Moldovan tourists and foreign tourists the collective structures for the reception of tourists coming to Moldova is growing. Imports constantly with accommodation functions is significantly exceed exports, forming a deficit of the country's different - here the highest indicators for health balance of payments under the article “travel”. As a facilities and children's camps (29% and 28%, result, the negative burden of tourism on the balance respectively). At the same time, the trend of changes of payments and the national budget is increasing. in the number of foreigners in the accommodation In tourists structure in 2007 there was 10% of structures and in the total number of accommodated those who came from abroad, 55% of those traveling tourists has been unstable in recent years. abroad, and 35% of domestic tourists. In 2010 there There are significant fluctuations in the structure were 6% of those who arrived from abroad, 73% of of international tourists for the purpose of travel. In those travelling abroad and 21% of domestic tourists. particular, the share of business tourism differs In 2017, those who came from abroad - 6%, departing significantly in recent years. In 2007, the main flow of - 80%, and domestic tourists - 14%. It is evident that foreign tourists came to Moldova on business and only the share of departure tourism increases. professional trips (58%). In 2010, the main purpose of The study of the dynamics of tourist flows, taking the arrival of foreign tourists to Moldova was into account the duration of trips in the context of recreation, rest and leisure (61%). In 2017, 78% of tourist days, gives slightly different results: in 2007, foreign visitors came to Moldova for rest, while the 4%, 55% and