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Caracterización Citogenética De Pachyurus Bonariensis Steindachner (1879) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) Del Rio Alto Paraná

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Caracterización Citogenética De Pachyurus Bonariensis Steindachner (1879) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) Del Rio Alto Paraná 28 Alicia Alvarez et al.: Caracterización citogenética de Pachyurus bonariensis del Rio Alto Paraná RECyT Año 16 / Nº 22 / 2014 / 28–31 Caracterización citogenética de Pachyurus bonariensis Steindachner (1879) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) del Rio Alto Paraná Cytogenetic characterization of Pachyurus bonariensis Steindachner (1879) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) from Alto Paraná River Alicia Alvarez1, 2, 3,* , Maria C.Pastori 2, 3 , Gladys G. Garrido 1, 3 , Alberto S. Fenocchio 2, 3 1 - Proyecto Biología Pesquera Regional, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones; Rivadavia 2370, Posadas, Misiones. 2 - Cátedra Citogenética General, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Félix de Azara 1552, Posadas, Misiones. 3 - Instituto de Biología Subtropical. UNaM-CONICET. * E-mail: [email protected] Resumen En el presente trabajo se llevó a cabo la primer caracterización citogenética de la corvina Pachyurus bonariensis (Perciformes, Sciaenidae ) capturada en tres puntos de muestreo sobre el Río Paraná. Las preparaciones cromosómicas se obtuvieron mediante suspensión celular, utilizando tejidos renales y fueron analizadas mediante técnicas de coloración convencional y diferenciales (Bandeos C y NOR). Se analizaron 19 ejemplares de ambos sexos a partir de los cuales se pudo determinar un número cromosómico diploide de 48 cromosomas acrocéntricos, sin evidencias de sistemas de determinación cromosómica del sexo. La técnica de coloración argéntica mostró regiones organizadoras nucleolares en un solo par de cromosomas y el bandeo C bloques heterocromáticos pericentroméricos en varios cromosomas del complemento. Palabras clave: Peces Citogenética; Sciaenidae; Pachyurus; Río Paraná. Abstract The aim of this work was to characterize the cytogenetic features of the croaker Pachyurus bonariensis (Perciformes, Sciaenidae). Specimens were sampled at three points along the Paraná River. Chromosome preparations were obtained by means of cellular suspension from renal tissue. For cytogenetic analysis conventional and differential C and NOR bands staining techniques were applied. We studied 19 individuals of both sexes, from which a diploid number of 48 acrocentric chromosomes was determined (NF=48). There is not evidence of chromosomal sex determination system. NOR banding showed nucleolar organizer regions in pericentromeric regions of a single pair of chromosomes and C banding showed several pericentromeric blocks. Keywords: Fish Cytogenetics; Sciaenidae; Pachyurus; Paraná River. Introducción FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVOHQWL¿FDGDV>@ Estudios de comunidades ícticas del río Paraná, agua La Familia Sciaenidae , perteneciente al suborden P er- arriba de la Represa Binacional Yacyretá han evidenciado coidei ( Orden Perciformes ), constituye un recurso pesque- un aumento progresivo de abundancia de P. bonariensis , URPXQGLDOPX\LPSRUWDQWHTXHLQFOX\HDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH ocupando en algunos sitios de muestreo (Arroyo Yabebiry) 78 géneros y 287 especies. Si bien sus especies son en el lugar de especie dominante en la capturas de pesca su mayoría marinas también constituyen componentes H[SHULPHQWDO>@>@ principales de la ictiofauna de aguas dulces tropicales ([LVWHQQXPHURVRVHVWXGLRVELROyJLFRVVREUHOD)DPLOLD y subtropicales [1, 2]. De sus géneros continentales, el Sciaenidae, pero la información citogenética de las espe- género Pachyurus está ampliamente distribuido en el gran cies de agua dulce como P. bonariensis es escasa, limitada VLVWHPDKLGURJUi¿FRGH$PpULFDGHO6XUVLHQGRUHSUHVHQWD - a datos de número cromosómico [7], en tanto que en el da en la región sur del continente solamente por Pachyurus género más cercanamente relacionado, Plagioscion , se bonariensis [3], especie de pequeño porte que se encuentra dispone de informaciones cariotípicas de poblaciones de entre las dominantes de la mayoría de los sistemas con RWUDVFXHQFDVKLGURJUi¿FDV>@ RECyT / Año 16 / Nº 22 / 2014 Alicia Alvarez et al.: Caracterización citogenética de Pachyurus bonariensis del Rio Alto Paraná 29 &RQOD¿QDOLGDGGHFRQWULEXLUDOFRQRFLPLHQWRFLWRJHQp - Resultados y Discusión tico de la especie, en este trabajo se describe el cariotipo, localización de regiones organizadoras nucleolares y Se realizó el recuento cromosómico en alrededor de 400 patrón de distribución de heterocromatina constitutiva de células, siendo el número modal igual a 48 cromosomas Pachyurus bonariensis . DFURFpQWULFRV 1) HQDPERVVH[RV 7DEOD)LJXUD cariotipo considerado por algunos autores como ancestral para los peces óseos [12] [13]. Los datos obtenidos son Materiales y Métodos coincidentes con los conocidos para la Familia Sciaeni- dae, el Suborden Percoidei y el Orden Perciformes [14] Se analizaron 19 individuos de la especie Pachyurus [15] [16] [17]. De los 19 individuos analizados, solo 14 bonariensis 1RPEUHYXOJDUFRUYLQDFKLFD KHPEUDV\ mostraron placas metafásicas aptas para el conteo, siendo 7 machos, capturados sobre un tramo del Río Alto Paraná H[FOXLGRVGHODQiOLVLVORVHMHPSODUHV\ comprendido entre las localidades de Corpus (Misiones) e Estación Tabla 1: Recuentos cromosómicos en metafases de Pachyurus bona- ,WX]DLQJy &RUULHQWHV HQWUHVVLWLRVGHPXHVWUHR riensis (M: macho; H: hembra). Garapé (Corrientes): se encuentra en la parte más ancha Nº de cromosomas Total del embalse de Yacyretá, progresiva náutica km 1513. Ejemplar Sexo <45 45 46 47 48 de células Posadas (Misiones): Ubicada en la zona del Club de Pesca 001 M 0 0 7 2 22 31 Pyrá Pytá de la Ciudad de Posadas, progresiva náutica km 002 H 0 0 4 6 20 30 003 H 12 3 2 0 13 30 1586. Estación Candelaria (Misiones): $SUR[LPDGDPHQWH 004 H 10 3 3 1 13 30 005 H 5 2 4 4 15 30 a 25 km de la ciudad de Posadas y el sitio de muestreo 006 H 10 2 2 4 12 30 elegido se encuentra frente al viejo destacamento de Pre- 007 H 9 2 1 2 16 30 008 H 4 3 4 7 12 30 fectura de esta Localidad. 010 H 7 0 3 2 18 30 011 H 3 2 4 5 16 30 Para la obtención de suspensiones celulares se aplicó la 012 M 5 3 1 5 16 30 técnica de Bertollo et al . [9]. La determinación del número 013 H 11 1 3 2 13 30 014 M 12 1 2 3 12 30 cromosómico diploide y fórmula cariotípica se realizó en Total 88 22 40 43 198 391 preparaciones teñidas durante 12 minutos con solución Porcentaje 22,5 5,6 10,2 11 50,6 Buffer Fosfato -Giemsa al 2%. La detección de regiones organizadoras nucleolares se realizó según la técnica de Se observan bloques de heterocromatina en la mayoría impregnación argéntica de Howell y Black [10] y el patrón de los cromosomas en la región pericentromérica. En de heterocromatina constitutiva con la técnica de Sumner general las marcas son pálidas, distinguiéndose un par [11]. con un bloque más conspicuo (Figura 2a). Esto condice Se contaron los cromosomas en alrededor de 30 pla- con los resultados obtenidos por Feldberg et al. 1999 [20] cas metafásicas por individuo. Aquellas que estuvieran para el género Plagioscion (Sciaenidae) de la cuenca del completas y con morfología cromosómica definida se Amazonas. IRWRJUD¿DURQFRQFiPDUDGLJLWDO2O\PSXV &=RRP En este análisis se observa solamente un par de cro- y las imágenes fueron procesadas con el programa Corel PRVRPDVFRQD¿QLGDGSRUODVVDOHVGHSODWDSUHVHQWDQGR Photo Paint. Los cromosomas se organizaron en orden las marcaciones en la región terminal de los brazos cortos decreciente de tamaño mediante el programa Micrometer. (Figura 2b). Esta situación también fue descripta para la ~ 3µ Figura 1: Cariotipo de Pachyurus bonariensis , coloración convencional Giemsa. RECyT / Año 16 / Nº 22 / 2014 30 Alicia Alvarez et al.: Caracterización citogenética de Pachyurus bonariensis del Rio Alto Paraná Figura 2: Placas metafásicas de P. bonariensis , a) bandeo C, las echas señalan algunas regiones intensamente teñidas; b) Coloración AgNO 3, las echas indican el par de cromosomas portadores de NORs. especie relacionada Plagioscion squamosissimus , que igual a 48. Presenta bloques de heterocromatina pericen- presenta un único par de cromosomas marcados [8]. tromérica en la mayoría de los cromosomas y regiones Como se ha descripto en otros Perciformes Neotropicales, organizadoras de nucleolos en un par de cromosomas, sin en Pachyurus bonariensis fue posible observar que los HYLGHQFLDVGHGHWHUPLQDFLyQFURPRVyPLFDGHOVH[R(O cromosomas portadores de NORs frecuentemente son presente trabajo representa el primer abordaje citogenético polimórficos con respecto al tamaño de la marcación y de P. bonariensis . Aún no ha sido analizada citogenética- aún al tamaño total del cromosoma, ya que esas regiones mente la otra especie de corvina de agua dulce presente pueden estar más descondensadas en uno de los miembros en la región ( Plagioscion ternetzi ), por lo que estos datos del par [17]. se constituyen en referencia para futuras comparaciones Las especies de la familia Sciaenidae que han sido citogenéticas entre ambas especies. estudiadas citogenéticamente, así como otras especies neotropicales del Orden Perciformes (Cichlidae), presentan número diploide igual a 48 cromosomas, heterocromatina Agradecimientos pericentromérica, con marcas en general pálidas y sistema de NORs simples, localizadas en regiones terminales [18] Al Comité Ejecutivo de Investigación y Desarrollo [19]. Tecnológico (CEdIT). Secretaría de Políticas Universita- 6RODPHQWHKDQVLGRUHJLVWUDGDVDOJXQDVH[FHSFLRQHVD rias. A los integrantes del equipo de campo del Proyecto estas características, entre ellas se puede mencionar a Bu- Biología Pesquera Regional (PBPR) por su colaboración jurquina vittata que presenta 2n=44 con un complemento en las colectas. FURPRVyPLFRHQHOTXHFRH[LVWHQPDFUR\PLFURFURPR
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