Index to Volume 53
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Anchialine Cave Biology in the Era of Speleogenomics Jorge L
International Journal of Speleology 45 (2) 149-170 Tampa, FL (USA) May 2016 Available online at scholarcommons.usf.edu/ijs International Journal of Speleology Off icial Journal of Union Internationale de Spéléologie Life in the Underworld: Anchialine cave biology in the era of speleogenomics Jorge L. Pérez-Moreno1*, Thomas M. Iliffe2, and Heather D. Bracken-Grissom1 1Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami FL 33181, USA 2Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA Abstract: Anchialine caves contain haline bodies of water with underground connections to the ocean and limited exposure to open air. Despite being found on islands and peninsular coastlines around the world, the isolation of anchialine systems has facilitated the evolution of high levels of endemism among their inhabitants. The unique characteristics of anchialine caves and of their predominantly crustacean biodiversity nominate them as particularly interesting study subjects for evolutionary biology. However, there is presently a distinct scarcity of modern molecular methods being employed in the study of anchialine cave ecosystems. The use of current and emerging molecular techniques, e.g., next-generation sequencing (NGS), bestows an exceptional opportunity to answer a variety of long-standing questions pertaining to the realms of speciation, biogeography, population genetics, and evolution, as well as the emergence of extraordinary morphological and physiological adaptations to these unique environments. The integration of NGS methodologies with traditional taxonomic and ecological methods will help elucidate the unique characteristics and evolutionary history of anchialine cave fauna, and thus the significance of their conservation in face of current and future anthropogenic threats. -
Behavioral Responses of the Endemic Shrimp Halocaridina Rubra
Behavioral Responses of the Endemic Shrimp Halocaridina rubra (Malacostraca: Atyidae) to an Introduced Fish, Gambusia affinis (Actinopterygii: Poeciliidae) and Implications for the Trophic Structure of Hawaiian Anchialine Ponds1 Krista A. Capps,2 Caroline B. Turner,2 Michael T. Booth,2 Danica L. Lombardozzi,2 Scott H. McArt,4 David Chai,3 and Nelson G. Hairston Jr.2,5 Abstract: In the Hawaiian Islands, intentionally introduced exotic fishes have been linked to changes in native biodiversity and community composition. In 1905, the mosquito fish Gambusia affinis was introduced to control mosquitoes. Subsequently, G. affinis spread throughout the Islands and into coastal anchia- line ponds. Previous studies suggest that presence of invasive fishes in anchialine ponds may eliminate native species, including the endemic shrimp Halocaridina rubra. We examined effects of G. affinis on H. rubra populations in anchialine ponds on the Kona-Kohala coast of the island of Hawai‘i. In the presence of G. affinis, H. rubra exhibited a diel activity pattern that was not seen in fishless ponds. Shrimp in ponds with fish were active only at night. This pattern was ev- ident in anchialine ponds and in laboratory experiments. In laboratory predation experiments, G. affinis preferentially consumed smaller H. rubra, and in the field the H. rubra collected from invaded sites were larger than those from fishless ponds. Analysis of trophic position using stable isotope analyses showed that feeding of H. rubra was not significantly distinct from that of snails, assumed to feed at trophic level 2.0 on epilithic algae, but G. affinis was slightly omnivo- rous, feeding at tropic level 2.2. -
Evaluación De Riesgo De Extinción De Pocillopora Inflata De Acuerdo Al Numeral 5.7 De La Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
Evaluación de Riesgo de Extinción de Pocillopora inflata de acuerdo al numeral 5.7 de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. 5.7.1 DATOS GENERALES DEL RESPONSABLE DE LA PROPUESTA Autores: Nájera-Hillman Eduardo1 y Meléndez-Rosas Rebeca1 1COSTASALVAJE, A.C. Domicilio: Boulevard Las Dunas No. 160 Interior 203. Fraccionamiento Playa de Ensenada, Ensenada Baja California. CP 22880 Teléfono: 016461521518 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Asesores: 5.7.2 NOMBRE CIENTÍFICO VÁLIDO CITANDO LA AUTORIDAD TAXONÓMICA RESPECTIVA Pocillopora inflata Glynn, 1999 La página web utilizada para proporcionar el nombre científico de la especie, fue WoRMS (WoRMS editorial board, 2018) y UICN-Red List for Threatened Species. SINÓNIMOS No existen NOMBRES COMUNES No existen TAXONOMÍA Reino: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria Clase: Anthozoa Orden: Scleractinia Familia: Pocilloporidae Genero: Pocillopora Especie: Pocillopora inflata Glynn, 1999 1 2 1Fotografía: Glynn, 1999. 2Fotografía: Reyes-Bonilla et al. 2017, tomada al Sur del Golfo de California. MOTIVO DE LA PROPUESTA La investigación documental que se condujo sobre la especie de coral P. inflata, evidenció el riesgo que tiene esta especie de desaparecer del territorio nacional. Debido a su restringido rango de distribución, prácticas de explotación comercial por el acuarismo y extensas amenazas al hábitat de arrecifes de coral, se propone que la especie sea incorporada bajo la categoría “Amenazada” de la NOM-059- SEMARNAT-2010. 5.7.3 MAPA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DE P. inflata Figura 1. Registros de la distribución del coral Pocillopora inflata en México. 5.7.4 JUSTIFICACIÓN TÉCNICA CIENTÍFICA DE LA PROPUESTA a) Análisis diagnóstico del estado actual de la especie y su hábitat El coral Pocillopora inflata tiene una distribución geográfica restringida, siendo endémico del Pacífico Oriental Tropical. -
Reproduction and Development in Halocaridina Rubra Holthuis, 1963 (Crustacea: Atyidae) Clarifies Larval Ecology in the Hawaiian Anchialine Ecosystem
Reference: Biol. Bull. 229: 134–142. (October 2015) © 2015 Marine Biological Laboratory Reproduction and Development in Halocaridina rubra Holthuis, 1963 (Crustacea: Atyidae) Clarifies Larval Ecology in the Hawaiian Anchialine Ecosystem JUSTIN C. HAVIRD*,†, REBECCA C. VAUGHT, DAVID A. WEESE‡, AND SCOTT R. SANTOS Department of Biological Sciences and Molette Laboratory for Climate Change and Environmental Studies, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences Bldg., Auburn, Alabama 36849 Abstract. Larvae in aquatic habitats often develop in and significantly higher in brackish and seawater (88% and environments different from those they inhabit as adults. 72%, respectively). Correlated with this finding, identifi- Shrimp in the Atyidae exemplify this trend, as larvae of able gills capable of ion transport did not develop until many species require salt or brackish water for develop- metamorphosis into juveniles. Thus, early life stages of ment, while adults are freshwater-adapted. An exception H. rubra are apparently excluded from surface waters, within the Atyidae family is the “anchialine clade,” which which are characterized by lower and fluctuating salini- are euryhaline as adults and endemic to habitats with sub- ties. Instead, these stages are restricted to the subterra- terranean fresh and marine water influences. Although the nean (where there is higher and more stable salinity) Hawaiian anchialine atyid Halocaridina rubra is a strong portion of Hawaii’s anchialine habitats due to their in- osmoregulator, its larvae have never been observed in na- ability to tolerate low salinities. Taken together, these ture. Moreover, larval development in anchialine species is data contribute to the understudied area of larval ecology poorly studied. Here, reproductive trends in laboratory col- in the anchialine ecosystem. -
Informe FINAL EVALUACIÓN ECOLOGICA RAPIDA DE LOS
1866 INFORME FINAL EVALUACIÓN ECOLÓGICA RÁPIDA DE LOS AMBIENTES ARRECIFALES DE LAS ISLAS 0 MURCIÉLAGO Y ALREDEDORES, ÁREA DE CONSERVACIÓN GUANACASTE, CON ESPECIAL ÉNFASIS EN PEPINOS DE MAR INFORME FINAL EVALUACIÓN ECOLÓGICA RÁPIDA DE LOS AMBIENTES ARRECIFALES DE LAS ISLAS MURCIÉLAGO Y ALREDEDORES, ÁREA DE CONSERVACIÓN GUANACASTE, CON ESPECIAL ÉNFASIS EN PEPINOS DE MAR 1 Jorge Cortés Núñez, Juan José Alvarado, Andrés Beita Jiménez, Sebastián Mena González Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR) Universidad de Costa Rica JULIO 2014 INTRODUCCIÓN Los pepinos de mar (clase Holothuroidea) son invertebrados exclusivamente marinos pertenecientes al grupo de los equinodermos (Filo Echinodermata) (erizos de mar, estrellas de mar, lirios de mar entre otros). A nivel mundial existen aproximadamente 1400 especies de pepinos de mar (Pawson 2007), de los cuales en la actualidad 66 especies están siendo explotadas (Toral-Granda et al. 2008, Purcell et al. 2012, 2013). Costa Rica posee un total de 80 especies, lo que representa un 5.7% de la diversidad mundial del grupo. A nivel nacional, la costa Pacífica es la más diversa con 28 especies, seguida por la Isla del Coco (26 especies) y por último la costa Caribe con tan solo 4 especies (Alvarado et al. 2013). Los pepinos de mar son organismos bentónicos, móviles, que consumen sedimentos y partículas en suspensión. A través de esta actividad alimenticia los pepinos de mar procesan el sedimento en el fondo marino, con una eficiencia muy alta, que produce que este al ser defecado sea rico en materia orgánica, la cual es utilizada por otros organismos para su alimentación (Birkeland 1989). -
Anchialine Shrimps in the Waikolao Area Has Been Constant, Except for Increases in ‘Ōpae ‘Ula Abundance Since 1996
Anchialine Ponds Anchialine Pond Shrimps Antecaridina lauensis Calliasmata pholidota ‘Ōpae ‘ula or Halocaridina rubra Halocaridina palahemo Metabetaeus lohena Procaris hawaiana Palaemonella burnsi Vetericaris chaceoru Metabetaeus lohena Courtesy Karl Magnacca SPECIES STATUS: All Federally Listed as Candidates except Halocaridina All State Listed as Candidates except Halocaridina IUCN Red List - Not considered All Endemic except Antecaridina, Calliasmata, Metabeteus SPECIES INFORMATION: This group of species live in underground (hypogeal) environments and in anchialine ponds which have a mix of freshwater and seawater through underground connections to the sea. All of the species except A. lauensis, C. pholidota, and M. lohena are endemic to Hawaii. ‘Ōpae ‘ula reaches 1.5 centimeters (one-half inch) in length and is an herbivore that grazes on algal, bacterial, and diatom films growing on rocks and other hard substrates. They can also filter feed in mid-water and at the surface. The other species are all larger (up to five cm or two inches long) and some are predatory. M. lohena is a snapping shrimp and feeds on ‘ōpae ‘ula. C. pholidota feeds on crustaceans and polychaetes, while P. hawaiana has been seen feeding on shrimp. All have red color and reduced appendages. ‘Ōpae ‘ula carry about 12 fertilized eggs under their abdomen for a brood period of about 38 days. They reproduce one to two times per year. Lifespan of ‘ōpae ‘ula is long, up to 20 years in captivity. Less is known about the life history of the other species, but they are relatively long- lived for species in their taxa. A. lauensis and M. lohena can live six years. -
Disturbance in the Anchialine Ecosystem: Ramifications for Ecology and Physiology
Disturbance in the anchialine ecosystem: ramifications for ecology and physiology by Justin Chase Havird A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama May 3, 2014 Keywords: ecophysiology, invasive species, crustacean, osmoregulation, gene expression Copyright 2014 by Justin Chase Havird Approved by Scott R Santos, Chair, Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Raymond P. Henry, Professor of Biological Sciences Mark R. Liles, Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Alan E. Wilson, Associate Professor of Biological Sciences/Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences Abstract Habitats in the anchialine ecosystem are defined as coastal ponds, pools, and caves that lack surface connections to the open ocean, but possess both seawater and freshwater influences due to subterranean connections to the ocean and groundwater. Such habitats are rare worldwide, but are concentrated in the Hawaiian Islands. Organisms that live in these habitats must cope with changing salinities, variable oxygen regimes, high levels of UV radiation, and anthropogenic effects such as pollution and invasive species. Accordingly, such organisms represent an opportunity to shed light on environmental physiology and invasive species biology. However, few studies have investigated physiology or response to invasive species in anchialine organisms. Accordingly, the objective of this dissertation is to examine the effect of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on the physiology and ecology of anchialine organisms. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the anchialine ecosystem and outlines the specific aims of the dissertation. Chapter 2 presents a series of field and laboratory based experiments investigating how endemic Hawaiian anchialine organisms have responded to invasive fishes. -
Darwin Initiative Annual Report
Darwin Initiative Annual Report Darwin Project Information Project Ref Number 14-048 Project Title Galapagos Coral Conservation: Impact Mitigation, Mapping and Monitoring Country(ies) Ecuador UK Contract Holder Institution University of Edinburgh UK Partner Institution(s) N/A Host country Partner Institution(s) Charles Darwin Research Foundation, Conservation International, Galapagos National Park Service, WildAid Darwin Grant Value £150,000 Start/End dates of Project May 2005 / April 2008 Reporting period (1 Apr 200x to 1 Apr 2006 to 31 Mar 2007 31 Mar 200y) and annual report number (1, 2, 3...) Annual Report Number 2 Project Leader Name Dr Terence P. Dawson Project website http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/research/globalchange/grou p4/Galapagoscoral.html Author(s), date Terence Dawson, Stuart Banks, Scott Henderson, Godfrey Merlin, 2007 1. Project Background Wolf and Darwin islands form a distinct and isolated biogeographic zone in the Galapagos Islands that supports a high level of biodiversity, including priority conservation endemic corals and associated species, subject to extreme ‘natural’ climatic and anthropogenic pressures. The extreme climatic fluctuations under El Niño events in the region are particularly damaging for coral populations - extensive coral reefs were reduced by 97% in 1982-83 and further compounded to 99% losses in 1997-98. Subsequent surveys show that Wolf and Darwin harbour >95% of the coral species now found in the Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) including rare corals (e.g. Leptoseris sp.) that may well become locally and indeed globally extinct, and demand special attention to their conservation. Although Galapagos coral research 1 Annual Report template with notes 2007 has been carried out previously, this project constitutes the most comprehensive study using innovative mapping techniques undertaken to date in the remote northern islands. -
Distribution, Diversity, and Conservation of Coral Reefs and Coral Communities in the Largest Marine Protected Area of Pacific Panama (Coiba Island)
Environmental Conservation 31 (2): 111–121 © 2004 Foundation for Environmental Conservation DOI:10.1017/S0376892904001250 Distribution, diversity, and conservation of coral reefs and coral communities in the largest marine protected area of Pacific Panama (Coiba Island) HECTOR M. GUZMAN1 *, CARLOS A. GUEVARA1 AND ODALISCA BREEDY2 1Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948, USA and 2Museo de Zoolog´ıa, Escuela de Biolog´ıa, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose,´ Costa Rica Date submitted: 11 July 2003 Date accepted: 3 March 2004 SUMMARY of marine ecosystems is complex, and efforts to understand the processes and patterns that characterize the distribution of Sampling scale and lack of attention to taxa other than their biological diversity have been approximate and incom- scleractinian corals have limited the capacity to pro- plete ( Jackson 1991, 1994; Norse 1993; NRC [National Re- tect coral reefs and coral communities in Pacific search Council] 1995). To understand the most fundamental Panama. The distribution of coral habitats (live processes that create, maintain and regulate this biological coral cover) and their species richness in the diversity is a basic priority for the conservation of marine largest marine protected area of Panama, the Coiba resources, as this will allow for their protection over the long National Park (270 125 ha), is described using quad- term (NRC 1995, 2001). The accelerated demise of marine rat transects and manta tows. The species rich- ecosystems, particularly coral reefs (NRC 1995), has increased ness of scleractinian corals and octocorals was lower in scientific efforts to discern the structure and functioning of coral reefs than in coral communities, and a close rela- marine communities and the effects of this deterioration on tionship between richness and live coral cover was ob- the abundance and distribution of species observed today served only in coral communities. -
Hoffman Dissertation.Pdf
Determining the spatial and seasonal influences of microbial community composition and structure from the Hawaiian anchialine ecosystem by Stephanie Kimie Hoffman A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama December 10, 2016 Keywords: anchialine, microbial ecology, Hawaii, laminated mat, spatial variation, seasonal variation Copyright 2016 by Stephanie Kimie Hoffman Approved by Scott R Santos, Chair, Professor of Biological Sciences Mark R Liles, Professor of Biological Sciences Todd D Steury, Associate Professor of Wildlife Sciences Robert S Boyd, Professor and Undergraduate Program Officer of Biological Sciences Abstract Characterized as coastal bodies of water lacking surface connections to the ocean but with subterranean connections to the ocean and groundwater, habitats belonging to the anchialine ecosystem occur worldwide in primarily tropical latitudes. Such habitats contain tidally fluctuating complex physical and chemical clines and great species richness and endemism. The Hawaiian Archipelago hosts the greatest concentration of anchialine habitats globally, and while the endemic atyid shrimp and keystone grazer Halocaridina rubra has been studied, little work has been conducted on the microbial communities forming the basis of this ecosystem’s food web. Thus, this dissertation seeks to fill the knowledge gap regarding the endemic microbial communities in the Hawaiian anchialine ecosystem, particularly regarding spatial and seasonal influences on community diversity, composition, and structure. Briefly, Chapter 1 introduces the anchialine ecosystem and specific aims of this dissertation. In Chapter 2, environmental factors driving diversity and spatial variation among Hawaiian anchialine microbial communities are explored. Specifically, each sampled habitat was influenced by a unique combination of environmental factors that correlated with correspondingly unique microbial communities. -
Switch Between Morphospecies of Pocillopora Corals Author(S): David A
The University of Chicago Switch between Morphospecies of Pocillopora Corals Author(s): David A. Paz-García, Michael E. Hellberg, Francisco J. García-de-León, Eduardo F. Balart Source: The American Naturalist, Vol. 186, No. 3 (September 2015), pp. 434-440 Published by: The University of Chicago Press for The American Society of Naturalists Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/682363 . Accessed: 13/09/2015 13:16 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press, The American Society of Naturalists, The University of Chicago are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The American Naturalist. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.95.104.109 on Sun, 13 Sep 2015 13:16:46 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions vol. 186, no. 3 the american naturalist september 2015 Natural History Note Switch between Morphospecies of Pocillopora Corals David A. Paz-García,1,2 Michael E. Hellberg,3 Francisco J. García-de-León,2 and Eduardo F. Balart1,* 1. Laboratorio de Necton y Ecología de Arrecifes, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Baja California Sur, Mexico; 2. -
An Introduction to 'Opae 'Ula
Partnerships for Reform through Investigative Science and Mathematics An Introduction to ‘opae ‘ula ANCHIALINE Summary PONDS In this lesson, students learn the major body parts of ‘opae ‘ula (Halocaridina rubra) by observing a live specimen in the classroom. Concepts From their observation, students discuss in groups and learn the Students will focus on functions of each body part of the shrimp. an endemic animal that lives in anchialine Objectives ponds, the ‘opae’ula. • Students will construct habitat jars for ‘opae ‘ula. They will observe and • Students will identify and discover the functions for the describe the body, major body parts (structures) of ‘opae ‘ula. structure and function, • Students will observe ‘opae ‘ula behavior. and behavior of this animal through drawings and Materials (per pair of students) discussion. 1 large jar Five live ‘opae ‘ula (sold at local pet stores). HCPS III Benchmarks 1 magnifying glass or one digital microscope for the entire class SC.K.1.1 1 cup of sand SC.K.1.2 1 or 2 rocks covered in algae (you can find these in the intertidal SC.K.1.3 zone) For the entire class: Duration 1 enlarged figure of ‘opae ‘ula with body parts labeled (see below). 1 hour 1 piece of blank paper or science journal for each student. Source Material Making Connections PRISM We see shrimp almost every day. They are on our dinner tables, in Micro-lobster homepage our refrigerators, and on the food shelves at the grocery store. They Anchialine ponds are being sold in the seafood markets, farmer’s markets and detective story supermarkets.