DOCSLIB.ORG

Tractor Hazards

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tractor Hazards TRACTOR HAZARDS HOSTA Task Sheet 4.2 Core NATIONAL SAFE TRACTOR AND MACHINERY OPERATION PROGRAM backward. There are dozens of Introduction examples of tractor turnover Tractors are a primary source of situations. Most are preventable if work-related injury on farms, operators follow good safe tractor however, not all of the injuries operation practices. Some happen while the tractor is being common examples of tractor used for work. overturns include: Nationally, nearly one-third of all • Turning or driving too close to the edge of a bank farm work fatalities are tractor- Figure 4.2.a. Tractor overturns can occur with high or ditch speed sharp turns. Avoid sudden sharp movements in related. Injuries occur for a variety all tractor work. Safety Management for Landscapers, Grounds-Care Businesses, and Golf Courses, John Deere of reasons and in a number of • Driving too fast on rough Publishing, 2001. Illustrations reproduced by permission. All different ways. This task sheet will roads and lanes and running rights reserved. describe types of tractor hazards or bouncing off the road or and the nature and severity of lane Top-heavy, injuries associated with using farm powerful tractors. • Hitching somewhere other than the drawbar when tractors can pulling or towing objects Hazard Groups upset if used There are several hazards • Driving a tractor straight up improperly. associated with tractor operation. a slope that is too steep Tractor hazards are grouped into • Turning a tractor sharply the following four categories: with a front-end loader 1. Overturns raised high Learning Goals 2. Runovers A rollover protective structure (ROPS), a structural steel cage • To recognize and avoid those 3. Power Take-Off Entanglements designed to surround the hazardous situations which can result operator—particularly one that is in exposure to overturns, runovers, 4. Older Tractors PTO entanglements, and older tractor built into an enclosed cab—can Each of these is discussed briefly safety deficiencies. protect the operator from being in this task sheet. Other task sheets killed when a tractor overturns. will cover some of these topics in This is especially true if the Related Task Sheets: more detail. operator has fastened the seat belt. Reaction Time 2.3 Remember, though, that a ROPS Mechanical Hazards 3.1 can protect you from injury but Overturn Agricultural Tractors 4.1 cannot keep the tractor from Tractor Stability Tractor overturns is one major overturning in the first place. This 4.12 Using the Tractor Safely hazard group and accounts for the explains the importance of 4.13 most farm-work fatalities. operating a tractor safely even if Using PTO Implements 5.41 Approximately 50% of tractor the tractor has a ROPS. fatalities come from tractors turning over either sideways or © The Pennsylvania State University 2004 Cooperation provided by The Ohio State University and National Safety Council. Page 2 TRACTOR HAZARDS Follow this rule! One seat on a tractor means one rider only– the operator. Keep all others away. Figure 4.2.b. Tractor runovers have claimed many lives. Extra riders can slip from the tractor and be crushed before the operator can stop. Say no to your friends who want to hitch a ride. tractor. Thus they can be easily The third type of runover incident thrown from the tractor. involves a person who is on the Another runover incident involves ground near a tractor. This may Runover the tractor operator either falling include the tractor operator who off the tractor as it is operating or tries to start a tractor from the There are three basic types of ground while the tractor is in gear. tractor runover incidents. One is being knocked out of the seat by a low-hanging tree branch or other This usually involves an older when a passenger (extra rider) on tractor that can be started in gear or the tractor falls off. Extra rider obstacle. This most often happens on older tractors that do not have a a newer tractor when an operator incidents happen because there is attempts to bypass a newer only one safe place for a person to ROPS and have an older seat that has no arm or back rest (often tractor’s safe start-up design. be on a tractor, and that is in the Bypass starting hazards are operator’s seat. Some new, larger called pan seats). A person can more easily lose his or her balance discussed in more detail in Task tractors have an extra seat for Sheet 4.8. temporary instructional purposes, and be knocked off or bounced out but only if the tractor has an of a pan seat. An operator can also enclosed ROPS cab. The tractors be run over while trying to mount Small children, often under the age that most young and inexperienced or dismount a moving tractor. This of 5, are sometimes run over by a operators drive will have only one type of incident can occur when tractor (and equipment) as it is seat—the operator’s seat. Standing the operator leaves the tractor seat moved around the farmstead. on the tractor drawbar, axle without first shutting off the tractor Often, the tractor operator is housing, side links of three-point and setting the brake or placing it unaware that the child is near the PARK, and the tractor moves hitches, rear-wheel fenders, and the in tractor. A loud noise, such as the unexpectedly. This may happen area immediately around the start up of a tractor, is often during the hitching and unhitching operator’s seat are common attractive to a young child, and he of equipment. Shut off the tractor locations unsafely occupied by or she may run toward it as it starts before dismounting for any reason. extra riders. Extra riders rarely or begins to move. keep a tight handgrip on the © The Pennsylvania State University 2004 Cooperation provided by The Ohio State University and National Safety Council. HOSTA TASK SHEET 4.2 Page 3 Power Take-Off (PTO) rests (pan seat) Entanglement • Seat does not adjust easily or at all The tractor power take-off (PTO) stub is another major hazard. The • Absence of a safety start PTO stub transfers power from the system tractor to PTO-powered • No bypass starting protection machinery. The PTO stub • Rear brakes and brake pedals normally turns between 540 and do not operate properly 1,000 revolutions per minute. At this rate, the stub is turning from 9 • Front wheels do not turn as to 17 times per second. This is quickly as the steering wheel much faster than a human being turns can react if he or she is caught and Figure 4.2.c. Power take-off stub and PTO shaft must • Tractor has no warning flashers be properly guarded to prevent entanglements. Locate pulled into or around the PTO stub or the flashers do not work the PTO area on every tractor you operate. Check or shaft. A person can have an arm whether or not that area is safely guarded. or leg wrapped around a PTO stub • PTO master shield is missing shaft before they know they are in or does not offer adequate protection danger. A PTO master shield PTO shafts kill protects a person from the PTO Young and inexperienced workers or cripple stub. Some tractors have PTO stub may be given older tractors to guards that fasten to the PTO stub. operate in many cases. The older countless All tractors should have a PTO tractor is best suited for the types master shield to protect the tractor of jobs a young or inexperienced victims. Some operator and helpers. operator is hired to do. These of these victims tractors are best suited for raking hay, hauling wagons, and mowing most likely live fields or pastures. Young and in your inexperienced operators should be community. Older Tractors given newer tractors to operate when possible. Older tractors should always be included when talking about tractor hazards. Many farm tractors still used for work may be 30 to 40 years old or older. These older tractors are often less safe to operate because they do not have modern safety features, and because some parts of the older tractor may not have been maintained in good working condition. A list of reasons why older tractors may be less safe to operate includes: Figure 4.2.d. Older tractors are often assigned to younger drivers to do less heavy chores. Raking • hay, pulling wagons, and hauling feed to livestock does not require the most powerful tractor. Older Lack of ROPS and seat belt tractors may have safety deficiencies due to age and missing safety features. This tractor does not have a ROPS or seat belt. • A seat without arm and back © The Pennsylvania State University 2004 Cooperation provided by The Ohio State University and National Safety Council. Page 4 TRACTOR HAZARDS Safety Activities 1. Match the tractor hazard with the safety situation. (Some choices may be used more than once.) ___A. Overturn 1. High lift carried in raised position in transit ___B. Runover 2. Pet dog was tied to wagon ___C. PTO entanglement 3. Bypass starting ___D. Older tractor deficiency 4. PTO stub shaft missing 5. Driving too close to ditch embankment 6. A friend is helping to drop the hitch pin 2. Write a letter to your best friend explaining why you won’t let him/her ride on the fender of the tractor to go to the field to help you make hay. 3. Explain how people are run over when they choose to bypass the ignition switch to start the tractor engine. 4. Learn more about the hazards of bypass starting a tractor engine by contacting a tractor salesperson or mechanic.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fordson Model F Dearborn, MI 1917
    Fordson Model F Dearborn, MI 1917 The story of Fordson tractors begins The Fordson name was selected for Ford stopped tractor production in with Henry Ford. Born in 1863 in two reasons. First, there was already a the U.S. in 1928, choosing instead to Dearborn, Michigan, Henry Ford’s company in Minneapolis using the name focus on the new Model A automobile parents had moved to the U.S. from “Ford Tractor Company,” trying to that would be replacing the Model T. near Cork in Ireland and now ran a large capitalize on the name of very successful However, Fordson production continued farm of several hundred acres. Young Ford Model T by tricking customers into in Cork, Ireland, and later in Dagenham, Henry soon found farm work hard and believing the tractor was made by Henry England. After Fordson production was preferred tinkering with machines to Ford. Second, the shareholders of the transferred to Cork, exports to the U.S. laboring on the farm. Fortunately, his Ford Motor Company did not approve of were limited to 1,500 a month, which father approved of Henry’s inclination to tractor production and wanted nothing restricted sales at Ford dealerships. take machines apart and put them back to do with it. So in 1920, Henry Ford and together. In 1903, Ford formed the Ford his son, Edsel, established an entirely The original Fordson Model F tractor Motor Company using his knowledge new firm, “Ford and Son, Inc.,” which was was eventually outsold by International of machinery to turn his hobby into a later shortened to just “Fordson”.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Evaluation of Electric- and Gasoline- Powered Garden Tractors Mohamed Abdelgadir Elamin Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1981 A comparative evaluation of electric- and gasoline- powered garden tractors Mohamed Abdelgadir Elamin Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agriculture Commons, Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering Commons, and the Mechanical Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Elamin, Mohamed Abdelgadir, "A comparative evaluation of electric- and gasoline-powered garden tractors" (1981). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 14462. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/14462 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A comparative evaluation of electric- and gasoline-powered garden tractors by Mohamed Abdelgadir Elamin A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Agricultural Engineering Signatures have been redacted for privacy Iowa State University Ames> Iowa 1981 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 OBJECTIVES 4 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 DESCRIPTION OF THE TRACTORS 14 The EPT 14 The PPT 19 PROCEDURE 25 Drawbar Performance 25 Field Experiments (Plowing, Disking, and Mowing)
    [Show full text]
  • The Farm Tractor in the Forest" Is a Manual for Woodlot Owners and Small Scale Woods Contractors
    The Form Troctor in the Forest "The Farm Tractor in the Forest" is a manual for woodlot owners and small scale woods contractors. It outlines the type of modifica• tions and auxiliary equipment that may be needed if a farm tractor is to be useful in a forestry operation. Guidelines for planning of forestry operations and safe work techniques are also provided. The last sections of the book cover the economic aspects of farm- tractor-logging and provide examples of how to calculate costs to compare different logging systems. The original version of this book was printed in Sweden. Illustra• tions and most references reflect current Swedish conditions. However, in some places minor changes have been made in the English version to reflect conditions in North America. ® The National Board of Forestry, Sweden Written by: Milton Nilsson illustrations: Nils Forshed Cover photo: Milton Nilsson Reference group: Thorsten Andersson Karl-Gunnar Lindqvist Bertil Svensson Project leader: Karl-Goran Enander Bengt Pettersson Editor: Bengt Pettersson English translation: Forest Extension Service N.B. Department of Natural Resources R.R.#5 Fredericton, New Brunswick Canada E3B 4X6 LF ALLF 146 82 027 Printed by: AB Faiths Tryckeri, Varnamo, Sweden 1982 ISBN 91-85748-25-0 The National Board of Forestry, Sweden published The Farm Tractor in the Forest by Milton Nilsson in 1982. In August 2017 the Swedish Forest Agency, successor organization to the National Board of Forestry, granted Vincent Seiwert of Bombadil Tree Farm, Ashland, Maine, U.S.A. permission to reproduce and disseminate The Farm Tractor in the Forest for noncommercial purposes as he deems appropriate.
    [Show full text]
  • Rules Regarding a Ball in Water Hazard
    Ball in Water Hazard – How to Proceed Rules Regarding a Ball in Water Hazard ! In the USGA Rule Book under Rule 26, Water Hazards, you will find out how to proceed when your ball is lost or comes to rest in a water hazard. All water hazards on the MountainView and Preserve Golf Courses are lateral water hazards. Hazard Do’s and Don’ts can be found in Rule 13 Ball Played as It Lies. 13-4 Ball in Hazard; Prohibited actions says you cannot: a. Test the condition of the hazard; or b. Touch the ground in the hazard or the water in a water hazard; or c. Touch or move a loose impediment (p10) lying in or touching a hazard. ! Provided there is nothing done to test the condition of a hazard or improve the lie of the ball, you may: a. Touch the ground or water to prevent falling, in removing an obstruction, in measuring or in retrieving, lifting, placing or replacing a ball or placing a club in a hazard. b. During address or in making a your back stroke touch with a club any obstruction grass, bush, tree or other growing thing. c. Remove movable obstructions. ! Local Rule - The Preserve Hole 17 The ground on the left side of the fairway on hole 17, marked by red stakes or lines has been defined as a lateral water hazard. All ground and water beyond the defined margin of the hazard is in the hazard. Ball in Hazard If there is a question whether a ball is lost inside or outside of a water hazard, there must be reasonable evidence that the ball lodged in the hazard or it will be treated as a lost ball.
    [Show full text]
  • Modeling of Tractor Fuel Consumption
    energies Article Modeling of Tractor Fuel Consumption Bronisław Andrzej Kolator Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 11 Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; [email protected] Abstract: In this paper, the energy diagnostic of tractor performance consists in evaluating the energy (fuel consumption per hectare—dm3 ha−1) for a given agricultural operation and in combining it with working capacity, also called productivity (area productivity—ha h−1). One of the methods of solving this problem is the identification of the functioning process of the machine unit. A model of the process of the machine unit performance was developed, considering the operation of the rear linkage system of the implement with the force control adjustment system. In order to analyze the system, a mathematical model of the system function was built: tractor-implement-soil, defining the physical connections and interdependencies between the individual subsystems of the system. Based on this model, a simulation model was developed and implemented in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The Simulink package was used to test the performance of the machine set. The efficiency indicators according to the adopted criteria were calculated in the evaluation block. To evaluate the process, the technical and operational parameters of the tractor, the type and parameters of the tool, and soil properties were taken into account. The results of simulation studies obtained on a validated model are consistent with experimental data from appropriate soil conditions. Keywords: tractor; fuel efficiency; total efficiency; simulation model; three-point hitch; draft control Citation: Kolator, B.A. Modeling of Tractor Fuel Consumption.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Tractor Selection: a Hybrid and Multi-Attribute Approach
    sustainability Article Agricultural Tractor Selection: A Hybrid and Multi-Attribute Approach Jorge L. García-Alcaraz 1,*, Aidé A. Maldonado-Macías 1, Juan L. Hernández-Arellano 1, Julio Blanco-Fernández 2, Emilio Jiménez-Macías 2 and Juan C. Sáenz-Díez Muro 2 1 Department of Industrial Engineering and Manufacturing, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Del Charro Ave. 450 N., Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; [email protected] (A.A.M.-M.); [email protected] (J.L.H.-A.) 2 Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of La Rioja, San José de Calasanz 31, Logroño, La Rioja 26004, Spain; [email protected] (J.B.-F.); [email protected] (E.J.-M.); [email protected] (J.C.S.-D.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-656-688-4843 (ext. 5433) Academic Editor: Filippo Sgroi Received: 9 January 2016; Accepted: 3 February 2016; Published: 6 February 2016 Abstract: Usually, agricultural tractor investments are assessed using traditional economic techniques that only involve financial attributes, resulting in reductionist evaluations. However, tractors have qualitative and quantitative attributes that must be simultaneously integrated into the evaluation process. This article reports a hybrid and multi-attribute approach to assessing a set of agricultural tractors based on AHP-TOPSIS. To identify the attributes in the model, a survey including eighteen attributes was given to agricultural machinery salesmen and farmers for determining their importance. The list of attributes was presented to a decision group for a case of study, and their importance was estimated using AHP and integrated into the TOPSIS technique.
    [Show full text]
  • Fordson Tractor
    Fordson Tractor For Thirty-Five Years Henry Ford, running in oil. Constant mesh selective type a farmer’s boy, has been working on the problem of a transmission, three speeds forward and one reverse. Ball successful tractor for the farm, and, for the past fourteen bearings. Three point suspension. Splash system of years, has devoted much time, and a vast amount of lubrication. Thermo-siphon cooling system. Gravity fuel money, to the development of the present Fordson system. Worm and worm-wheel drive. All gearing tractor. In the usual Ford way it grew into shape through entirely enclosed and running in oil. constant experimentation, not atone in the workshop but on the farm, and that he might get the experiences from What it Does as a Power Unit various soils and conditions which face the fanner, he As a stationary power plant, for either permanent or gradually acquired a farm numbering several thousand emergency work, the Fordson Power and Transport Unit acres, and here the Fordson tractor, under the guidance of will deliver 18 H. P. to any machine driven through his genius, was developed. From the records it has made shaft, belt, gears or chain. It will do this at an engine in all parts of the civilized world, it comes the nearest to speed of 1,000 revolutions per minute. A governor can being the all-around satisfactory tractor for the farm.. be attached where power requirements are either This fact is strengthened in the knowledge that while intermittent or disposed to fluctuate. 350,000 tractors were on farms in the United States (Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • Ohio High School Athletic Association
    OHSAA Ohio High School Athletic Association 2016 OHSAA Golf Coaches Guide A Message from OHSAA Golf Administrator: Lauren Prochaska This “Golf Coaches Guide” (formerly referred to as a “Pre-Season Manual”) serves to explain and highlight both the USGA Playing Rules as well as OHSAA Regulations affecting coaches and players. As you will know by reading this, the OHSAA is doing its part to “Go Green” by eliminating the hard copy printing and mailing of this extensive guide and making it available online. It is important that we work together to insure this information is in the hands of ALL coaches – not just head coaches. In essence, this guide is a detailed written version of the rules interpretation meeting. Rules interpretation meetings are now mandatory every year. Beginning in 2016, the rules meeting will be offered online only. The online meeting will replace face to face meetings and become available July 19. Directions and availability are detailed in the early pages of this manual. We hope you’ll encourage your assistant and junior high coaches to view this also. The purpose of the “Rules Interpretation Meetings” is to give EVERYONE a thorough understanding of the interpretations of OHSAA Regulations as well as the changes to the National playing rules written by the USGA. Rules governing OHSAA golf stem from the United States Golf Association (USGA) and the OHSAA. USGA Rules govern all playing rules while OHSAA Sport Regulations govern specific rules to Ohio as well as the various administrative regulations and interpretations. Our elected Board of Directors approve these regulations annually and serve as the basis for ALL schools playing by the same rules.
    [Show full text]
  • Transmission (Mechanics) - Wikipedia 8/28/20, 119 PM
    Transmission (mechanics) - Wikipedia 8/28/20, 119 PM Transmission (mechanics) A transmission is a machine in a power transmission system, which provides controlled application of the power. Often the term 5 speed transmission refers simply to the gearbox that uses gears and gear trains to provide speed and torque conversions from a rotating power source to another device.[1][2] In British English, the term transmission refers to the whole drivetrain, including clutch, gearbox, prop shaft (for rear-wheel drive), differential, and final drive shafts. In American English, however, the term refers more specifically to the gearbox alone, and detailed Single stage gear reducer usage differs.[note 1] The most common use is in motor vehicles, where the transmission adapts the output of the internal combustion engine to the drive wheels. Such engines need to operate at a relatively high rotational speed, which is inappropriate for starting, stopping, and slower travel. The transmission reduces the higher engine speed to the slower wheel speed, increasing torque in the process. Transmissions are also used on pedal bicycles, fixed machines, and where different rotational speeds and torques are adapted. Often, a transmission has multiple gear ratios (or simply "gears") with the ability to switch between them as speed varies. This switching may be done manually (by the operator) or automatically. Directional (forward and reverse) control may also be provided. Single-ratio transmissions also exist, which simply change the speed and torque (and sometimes direction) of motor output. In motor vehicles, the transmission generally is connected to the engine crankshaft via a flywheel or clutch or fluid coupling, partly because internal combustion engines cannot run below a particular speed.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Alberta Golf Caddie Rules and Regulations
    2018 ALBERTA GOLF CADDIE RULES AND REGULATIONS 1. A caddie is someone who assists the player in accordance with the Rules, which may include carrying or handling the player’s clubs during play. The caddie is an extension of the player and must abide by the Alberta Golf Code of Conduct and the Alberta Golf Dress Code. 2. A caddie may not wear traditionally-designed spikes or shoes with conventional spikes (regardless of composition). Spikeless golf shoes and running shoes are permitted. 3. At Alberta Golf events where caddies are permitted, the caddie must sign out and wear Alberta Golf- designated caddie bibs at all times when caddying on the course. The bibs are distributed in the starting area and must be returned to the scoring area after play of each round is completed. 4. The caddie is responsible for knowing the Rules. During a stipulated round, the player incurs the applicable penalty if his caddie breaches a Rule. 5. The player may have different caddies during a round, but must be assisted by only one caddie at a time. 6. The Committee may, in the Conditions of a Competition, prohibit the use of caddies or restrict a player in his choice of caddie. 7. If someone carries or transports a player’s clubs, whether on a pull cart or motorized cart, he is by definition the player’s caddie. A caddie may use a motorized cart only when the Conditions of the Competition permit players to use motorized carts. 8. A caddie may, without the player’s authority: • Search for a player’s ball • Place the player’s clubs in a hazard.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing a Golf Course Safety Program 2808 GC (01-18)
    blank Disclaimer This booklet has been developed by Grinnell Mutual Reinsurance Company and is for informational purposes only. It was designed to provide reasonably accurate information in regard to the subject matters covered. The information contained herein has been obtained from sources that we believe to be competent and reliable. Grinnell Mutual Reinsurance Company is aware that this booklet will not fit the operations of all companies. Applicable state/federal statutes must supersede any conflicting statements made or referred to in this booklet. Grinnell Mutual Reinsurance Company cannot be held responsible or liable for any damages, direct or indirect, which may arise, in part or in whole, from the use of this booklet or from any representation or misrepresentation contained therein. Also, it cannot be assumed that all acceptable safety and health measures are listed in this booklet. GMRC 2808 GC 01-18 i blank Table of Contents Section I – Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Safety Policy Statement ................................................................................................................................ 1 Safety Program for the Organization ............................................................................................................. 1 Safety Director ............................................................................................................................................... 2 Employee Training
    [Show full text]
  • DETC2007-49420.Ford Model T.Final
    Proceedings of IDETC/CIE 2008 ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference August 3-6, 2008, New York City, NY, USA DETC2008/DFMLC-49420 HENRY FORD AND THE MODEL T: LESSONS FOR PRODUCT PLATFORMING AND MASS CUSTOMIZATION Fabrice Alizon * Steven B. Shooter Timothy W. Simpson Keyplatform Company Mechanical Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering 91 rue du Faubourg St Honoré Bucknell University The Pennsylvania State University 75008 Paris FRANCE Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA University Park, PA 16802 USA ABSTRACT * platform-based products ever produced in quantity and one of Everyone knows Henry Ford’s famous maxim: “You can the most efficiently designed. Despite Henry Ford’s famous have any color car you want so long as it’s black.” While he is maxim: “You can have any color car so long as it’s black”, recognized as the father of mass production, his contributions Ford’s contributions extend far beyond being the pioneer of extend well beyond that, offering valuable lessons for product mass production processes. Ford adapted techniques from the platforming and mass customization. While Ford’s pioneering U.S. weapon and meat packing industries to the automotive production systems are widely known and studied, few realize industry and improved it to its limits by rigorous principles [4]. that Ford’s Model T could be viewed as one of the greatest Each Model T model was built on the same platform, with a platforms ever created, enabling his workers to customize this deep level of customization: the body was specific to each model for a variety of different markets.
    [Show full text]