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Los Veteranos—Latinos in WWII
Los Veteranos—Latinos in WWII Over 500,000 Latinos (including 350,000 Mexican Americans and 53,000 Puerto Ricans) served in WWII. Exact numbers are difficult because, with the exception of the 65th Infantry Regiment from Puerto Rico, Latinos were not segregated into separate units, as African Americans were. When war was declared on December 8, 1941, thousands of Latinos were among those that rushed to enlist. Latinos served with distinction throughout Europe, in the Pacific Theater, North Africa, the Aleutians and the Mediterranean. Among other honors earned, thirteen Medals of Honor were awarded to Latinos for service during WWII. In the Pacific Theater, the 158th Regimental Combat Team, of which a large percentage was Latino and Native American, fought in New Guinea and the Philippines. They so impressed General MacArthur that he called them “the greatest fighting combat team ever deployed in battle.” Latino soldiers were of particular aid in the defense of the Philippines. Their fluency in Spanish was invaluable when serving with Spanish speaking Filipinos. These same soldiers were part of the infamous “Bataan Death March.” On Saipan, Marine PFC Guy Gabaldon, a Mexican-American from East Los Angeles who had learned Japanese in his ethnically diverse neighborhood, captured 1,500 Japanese soldiers, earning him the nickname, the “Pied Piper of Saipan.” In the European Theater, Latino soldiers from the 36th Infantry Division from Texas were among the first soldiers to land on Italian soil and suffered heavy casualties crossing the Rapido River at Cassino. The 88th Infantry Division (with draftees from Southwestern states) was ranked in the top 10 for combat effectiveness. -
George I. Sanchez and the Civil Rights Movement: 1940-1960
George I. Sanchez and the Civil Rights Movement: 1940-1960 Ricardo Romo* This article is a tribute to Dr. George I. Sanchez and examines the important contributions he made in establishing the American Council of Spanish-Speaking People (ACSSP) in 1951. The ACSSP funded dozens of civil rights cases in the Southwest during the early 1950's and repre- sented the first large-scale effort by Mexican Americans to establish a national civil rights organization. As such, ACSSP was a precursor of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF) and other organizations concerned with protecting the legal rights of Mexican Americans in the Southwest. The period covered here extends from 1940 to 1960, two crucial decades when Mexican Ameri- cans made a concerted effort to challenge segregation in public schools, discrimination in housing and employment, and the denial of equal ac- cess to public places such as theaters, restaurants, and barber shops. Although Mexican Americans are still confronted today by de facto seg- regation and job discrimination, it is of historical and legal interest that Mexican American legal victories, in areas such as school desegregation, predated by many years the 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education and the civil rights movement of the 1960's. Sanchez' pioneering leadership and the activities of ACSSP merit exami- nation if we are to fully comprehend the historical struggle of the Mexi- can American civil rights movement. In a recent article, Karen O'Conner and Lee Epstein traced the ori- gins of MALDEF to the 1960's civil rights era.' The authors argued that "Chicanos early on recongized their inability to seek rights through traditional political avenues and thus sporadically resorted to litigation .. -
Mexican American History Resources at the Briscoe Center for American History: a Bibliography
Mexican American History Resources at the Briscoe Center for American History: A Bibliography The Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin offers a wide variety of material for the study of Mexican American life, history, and culture in Texas. As with all ethnic groups, the study of Mexican Americans in Texas can be approached from many perspectives through the use of books, photographs, music, dissertations and theses, newspapers, the personal papers of individuals, and business and governmental records. This bibliography will familiarize researchers with many of the resources relating to Mexican Americans in Texas available at the Center for American History. For complete coverage in this area, the researcher should also consult the holdings of the Benson Latin American Collection, adjacent to the Center for American History. Compiled by John Wheat, 2001 Updated: 2010 2 Contents: General Works: p. 3 Spanish and Mexican Eras: p. 11 Republic and State of Texas (19th century): p. 32 Texas since 1900: p. 38 Biography / Autobiography: p. 47 Community and Regional History: p. 56 The Border: p. 71 Education: p. 83 Business, Professions, and Labor: p. 91 Politics, Suffrage, and Civil Rights: p. 112 Race Relations and Cultural Identity: p. 124 Immigration and Illegal Aliens: p. 133 Women’s History: p. 138 Folklore and Religion: p. 148 Juvenile Literature: p. 160 Music, Art, and Literature: p. 162 Language: p. 176 Spanish-language Newspapers: p. 180 Archives and Manuscripts: p. 182 Music and Sound Archives: p. 188 Photographic Archives: p. 190 Prints and Photographs Collection (PPC): p. 190 Indexes: p. -
Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 105 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 105 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 144 WASHINGTON, MONDAY, AUGUST 3, 1998 No. 107 Senate The Senate was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Monday, August 31, 1998, at 12 noon. House of Representatives MONDAY, AUGUST 3, 1998 The House met at 10:30 a.m. and was in which the concurrence of the House MORNING HOUR DEBATES called to order by the Speaker pro tem- is requested, a bill of the House of the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- pore (Mr. PETRI). following title: ant to the order of the House of Janu- f H.R. 3824. An act amending the Fastener ary 21, 1997, the Chair will now recog- Quality Act to exempt from its coverage cer- nize Members from lists submitted by DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO tain fasteners approved by the Federal Avia- the majority and minority leaders for TEMPORE tion Administration for use in aircraft. morning hour debates. The Chair will The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- The message also announced that the alternate recognition between the par- fore the House the following commu- Senate had passed bills and joint reso- ties, with each party limited to 30 min- nication from the Speaker: lutions of the following titles in which utes, and each Member, except the ma- WASHINGTON, DC, concurrence of the House is requested: jority leader, the minority leader, or August 3, 1998. S. 1325. An act to authorize appropriations the minority whip, limited to 5 min- I hereby designate the Honorable THOMAS for the Technology Administration of the utes. -
BRACERO PROGRAM Compiled By
A CHICANO RESPONSE TO Wilson BRACERO PROGRAM Compiled By: CommitteeCCR on Chicano Rights. Inc (619) 474-8195 The Roots of Immigration A FACT SHEET ON FOREIGN DOMINATION & POVERTY IN MEXICO • The transnational corporations, with over $5 billion invested, control 35% of Mexico's total industrial production and employ 16% of all industrial workers. $2 billion in profits and payments on royalties, patents and interests were sucked out of Mexico by the transnationals between 1961-71. • About 3/4 of Mexico's foreign trade is with the U.S. and in 1975 Mexico imported $4.5 billion more than it exported. • Chronic unemployment now affects more than 40% of all Mexicans of working age. In Ciudad Juarez, across the river from El Paso, 43% of the 800,000 residents are jobless. • The Mexican government has sought foreign loans to finance development, which has pushed its foreign debt to a staggering $28 billion -- nearly $500 for every man, woman and child in the country. • Agribusiness corporations like Del Monte and Anderson Clayton have come to domi- nate Mexican agriculture, fostering a system which produces luxury food items for the U.S. market rather than provide for Mexico's hungry. One half of all the vegetables consumed in the U.S. during winter months come from Mexico, while every day more than 1,000 Mexican children die of malnutrition. • Largely because of the spread of "modern" agriculture, the number of landless peasants rose from 1.5 million in 1950 to some 5 million today. There are more than 8 million migrant workers constantly on the move in search of temporary jobs, earning an average of $2.50-$3.00 per Jay in the Northwest region. -
Standing Firm in Pursuit of the American Dream
Standing Firm in Pursuit of the American Dream [Voice of Narrator] From 1910 to 1920 many Mexicans sought refuge from the Mexican revolution in America’s bordering states. Jose and Faustina Garcia arrived in Mercedes Texas in 1917. To counter the social, educational and political discrimination Mexican-Americans faced at the time, the Garcia’s tutored their children at home and each received a college degree. After the attack at Pearl Harbor, Hispanics enlisted en masse, including Jose’s son Hector, who served in the infantry, Corps of Engineers, and Medical Corps. By 1945, Hispanics had become the most decorated ethnic group in World War Two. [Voice of Guy Gabaldon] I went on my own. In the course of four hours, I had 800 prisoners. [Narrator] Gabaldon’s actions marked an unmatched feat for any single soldier in U.S military history yet he and other Hispanics returned home expected to resume their second- class citizenship. When Dr. Hector P. Garcia returned to Texas he had to treat Hispanic veterans in segregated hospital wards. For veterans that had been denied benefits Dr. Garcia treated them without charge. By 1948 he had had enough. On March 26th, Dr. Garcia took his first stand, founding the American GI Forum. [Voice of Dr. Hector P. Garcia] Basically it was organized to help the veterans with two problems. One problem being the fact that they were not giving us veterans hospitalization, so we got organized for that. Secondly, we got organized because the educational level of our people was so low we were not productive. -
Aucbo Associated Students, University of California, Santa Barbara
3£l <$aucbo Associated Students, University of California, Santa Barbara Volume 45, Number 59 Friday, March 26, 1965 Commission plan fails, Council passes apportionment measure By BARRY WINOGRAD amendment, submitted by Rick An Initiative to put the com City Editor Schwartz, was approved by an mission plan before the stu Legislative Council climbed 8-1 vote with five abstentions. dents was considered by sev back on the merry-go-round A special election will be held eral reps as the meeting last night. week after next at which time adjourned. It would need 1,000 In short order Council voted the student body will vote to signatures or 15 per cent of down the proposed commission accept or reject the amendment. the student body, before it could SOARING HIGH above the crossbar, is Paul Wilson from plan and two reapportionment It is likely the Students for go on the ballot. Warren H,S. in Downey, the best prep pole vaulter in the proposals and adopted a third Free Political Action reappor The proposed commission nation. Wilson will join other tracksters from all over the districting resolution. tionment initiative will be on system amendment, which West tomorrow for the Easter Relays at La Playa Stadium. The accepted apportionment the same ballot. would have completely changed the representative format of Associated Students govern ment, was defeated with 10 representatives voting for Relays draw Berkeley, Riverside face passage, and four voting against. ELEVEN VOTES NEEDED champions A S government changes Eleven votes are needed to By IVAN BULK ment at Riverside has been to the Regents a recommen meet the constitutional require Staff Writer plunged into confusion in the dation that the ASUC «cease to ment that three-fourths of The status of Associated Stu wake of the resignations of be a compulsory organization.” Council must approve an to La Playa dents government remains un the AS President and five stu But several Senate members amendment before it can be certain today at the Berkeley dent council members. -
Defining Equal Access to Educational Opportunity
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-1974 Defining equal access ot educational opportunity for Mexican American children : a study of three civil rights actions affecting Mexican American students and the development of a conceptual framework for effecting institutional responsiveness to the educational needs of Mexican American children. Blandina Cárdenas Ramírez University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation Cárdenas Ramírez, Blandina, "Defining equal access ot educational opportunity for Mexican American children : a study of three civil rights actions affecting Mexican American students and the development of a conceptual framework for effecting institutional responsiveness to the educational needs of Mexican American children." (1974). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 2768. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/2768 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ' DEFINING EQUAL ACCESS TO EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY FOR MEXICAN AI4ERICAN CHILDREN A STUDY OF THREE CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIONS AFFECTING MEXICAN AMERICAN STUDENTS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTING INSTITUTIONAL -
Academic Forces on the National Security Front
Academic forces on the national security front | 2010-2011 We’re live and in color. magazine.csusb.edu Now you can read CSUSB Magazine online. Read feature stories about students, professors and alumni and view great photos of campus life – from classrooms to courts of play. Subscribe online at magazine.csusb.edu and receive your edition in your e-mail inbox. CSUSB Magazine is published by the Office of Public Affairs at California State University, San Bernardino for alumni, friends, parents, colleagues and the community. This publication is partially funded with non-state re- sources. Opinions expressed in CSUSB Magazine do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors or repre- sent the official policy of California State University, San Bernardino. The editorial committee reserves the right to edit all submitted material. Editorial and alumni informa- Volume 19 Issue 1 — 2010-2011 tion and photographs should be sent to: News for Alumni and Friends of the University Cal State San Bernardino editor pack tracks Public Affairs: Managing Editor 5500 University Parkway Sid Robinson Mark Reinhiller San Bernardino, CA 92407-2393 managing editor student scapes Photographs submitted for print consideration must be Sam Romero Carol Dixon of good quality. Low resolution digital images below art director/ contributing writers 200k or photographs printed on textured paper are not graphic design/ Jiggs Gallagher accepted. illustration Joanna Oxendine Alumni and Graduating Students Angela Gillespie Carmen Murillo-Moyeda Astrid Sheil Please note that your name, address, phone number, production manager school or college, and the year of graduation may be Alan Llavore photography used by CSUSB for the development of university affili- senior writer Corinne Jamieson ated marketing programs. -
American GI Forum of California Records, 1958-2009 115
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt7m3nf6jr No online items Finding Aid for the American GI Forum of California Records, 1958-2009 115 Processed by Linda Vera Rivas, Kyoko Aoki. Chicano Studies Research Center Library 2012 144 Haines Hall Box 951544 Los Angeles, California 90095-1544 [email protected] URL: http://chicano.ucla.edu Finding Aid for the American GI 115 1 Forum of California Records, 1958-2009 115 Language of Material: English Contributing Institution: Chicano Studies Research Center Library Title: American GI Forum of California Records Creator: American GI Forum of California 1958 - Identifier/Call Number: 115 Physical Description: 19 linear feet Date (inclusive): 1958-2009 Abstract: The American GI Forum of California Collection includes correspondence, ephemera, and organizational papers documenting their activities. These materials offer researchers a lens into the often-difficult reintegration process that veterans undergo following their separation from the armed forces, as well as the overall effects of this process on their families and their communities. Researchers will find these materials useful for critical examinations of the social location of Latino servicemen and servicewomen within the context of a large metropolitan center and how this identity has evolved since 1942. Indeed, a collection of this caliber has wide application for studies on the overall condition of Latinos within the United States as well as on the lives and communities of California Latino veterans. Moreover, according to Kelly Lytle-Hernandez, professor of History at UCLA, this particular collection has much to offer scholars interested in studying local California politics, Latino veteran organizing, and gender dynamics in a traditionally male-centered context. -
Colorado Heritage Magazine “Heading the History Colorado Board Is Profoundly • Discounts on Lectures, Tours and Gift Shop and Café Important to Me,” She Says
The Magazine of History Colorado March/April 2015 ElMovimiento TheChicano Movement inColorado At the History Colorado Center and Inside This Issue ALSO IN THIS ISSUE n The 1968 Exhibit n 1960s-Themed Programs and Happenings n Spring Programs Around the State Colorado Heritage The Magazine of History Colorado Edward C. Nichols Steve Grinstead Managing Editor President and CEO Liz Simmons Editorial Assistance History Colorado Center Darren Eurich, State of Colorado/IDS Graphic Designer 1200 Broadway Jay DiLorenzo and Aaron Marcus Photographic Services Denver, Colorado 80203 303/HISTORY William J. Convery State Historian Administration Public Relations Colorado Heritage (ISSN 0272-9377), published by History 303/866-3355 303/866-3670 Colorado, contains articles of broad general and educational Membership Group Sales Reservations interest that link the present to the past. Heritage is distributed 303/866-3639 303/866-2394 bimonthly to History Colorado members, to libraries, and to Museum Rentals Archaeology & Historic Preservation institutions of higher learning. Manuscripts must be documented 303/866-4597 303/866-3392 when submitted, and originals are retained in the Publications Research Librarians State Historical Fund office. An Author’s Guide is available; contact the Publications 303/866-2305 303/866-2825 office. History Colorado disclaims responsibility for statements of Education Support Us fact or of opinion made by contributors. 303/866-4686 303/866-4737 Postage paid at Denver, Colorado All History Colorado members receive Colorado Heritage as a History Colorado on the Web benefit of membership. Individual subscriptions are available through the Membership office for $40 per year (six issues). HistoryColorado.org For details about membership write to Membership Office, History Colorado Center, or email us at [email protected]. -
Leaders of the Mexican American Generation
Contents Foreword by Arnoldo De León vii Preface xiii Introduction Anthony Quiroz 1 Intellectuals and Ethnic Consciousness 1. José de la Luz Sáenz: Experiences and Autobiographical Consciousness Emilio Zamora 25 2. Alice Dickerson Montemayor: Feminism and Mexican American Politics in the 1930s Cynthia E. Orozco 57 3. Alonso S. Perales: The Voice and Visions of a Citizen Intellectual Richard A. Garcia 85 4. Jovita González Mireles: Texas Folklorist, Historian, Educator María Eugenia Cotera 119 v vi CONTENTS 5. Of Poetics and Politics: The Border Journeys of Luisa Moreno Vicki L. Ruiz 141 6. Separate Tejano/Texan Worlds: The Félix Longoria Controversy, Racism, and Patriotism in Post–WWII South Texas Patrick J. Carroll 163 Legal, Political, and Labor Activists 7. Dr. Héctor Pérez García: Giant of the Twentieth Century Carl Allsup 191 8. “I Can See No Alternative Except to Battle it out in Court”: Gus García and the Spirit of the Mexican American Generation Anthony Quiroz 209 9. Mr. LULAC: The Fabulous Life of John J. Herrera Thomas H. Kreneck 229 10. Vicente Ximenes and LBJ’s Great Society: The Rhetorical Imagination of the American GI Forum Michelle Hall Kells 253 11. Ralph Estrada and the War against Racial Prejudice in Arizona Laura K. Muñoz 277 12. “Vale más la revolución que viene”: Ernesto Galarza and Transnational Scholar Activism Julie Leininger Pycior 301 13. Edward R. Roybal: Latino Political Pioneer and Coalition Builder Kenneth C. Burt 325 Conclusion Anthony Quiroz 345 List of Contributors 349 Index 355 Introduction Anthony Quiroz The serious, scholarly study of Mexican American history is a relatively recent development.