70th American Society International Annual Forum 2014

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

20 - 22 May 2014

Volume 1 of 4

ISBN: 978-1-63266-691-8 Printed from e-media with permission by:

Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571

Some format issues inherent in the e-media version may also appear in this print version.

Copyright© (2014) by the American Helicopter Society International All rights reserved.

Printed by Curran Associates, Inc. (2014)

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Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: 845-758-0400 Fax: 845-758-2634 Email: [email protected] Web: www.proceedings.com TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 1

Wing Commander Kenneth H. Wallis: The Triumphs, Tragedy and Enigma of an Extraordinary Life in Aviation...... 1 B. Charnov

OpenMDAO/NDARC Framework for Assessing Performance Impact of Rotor Technology Integration...... 20 M. Avera, R. Singh

Rotor Track and Balance Improvements ...... 26 E. Bechhoefer, A. Fang, E. Garcia

Evaluation of Laminate Quality for Out of Autoclave Manufacturing for a Complex Shaped Crew Door ...... 35 E. Quinlan, J. Kratz, L. Farhang, G. Fernlund, S. Hughes, T. Centea, J. Kay, S. Hoa, A. Smith, S. Heroux, R. Desai, P. Hubert

Converged Velocity Field for Rotors by a Blended Potential Flow Method ...... 44 J. Huang, D. Peters, M. Nowak

First NICETRIP Powered Wind Tunnel Tests Successfully Completed in DNW-LLF...... 55 A. Stabellini, A. Verna, A. Ragazzi, J. Hakkaart, A. Bruin, A. Hoeijmakers, O. Schneider, M. Przybilla, H. Langer, I. Philipsen

Piezoelectric De-Icing System for ...... 72 E. Villeneuve, D. Harvey, D. Zimcik, R. Aubert, J. Perron

Automating Rotorcraft Parts Life Tracking Using RF Rechargeable Semi-Passive RFID...... 82 M. Augustin, C. Sanzone, B. Coleman, N. Phan, D. Liebschutz

Development of a Neural-Network (NNET) Based Engine Model for a Two-Stroke Engine of a Rotary Wing UAV ...... 91 F. Olcer

In Search of Rotorcraft Airframe Fatigue Assessment Methodology – Cracking Prediction under Service Loading...... 98 S. Moon, N. Phan

Assessment and Calibration of Semi-Empirical Models for Predicting Pollutant Emissions of the ERICA Tiltrotor Turboshaft Engine ...... 112 L. Mas, E. Benini, R. Ponza

Handling-Qualities Based System Identification and Flight Control of an Unmanned Helicopter ...... 128 G. Wang, Y. Xiang, H. Chen, S. Han, Y. Yan

A Computational System Model for Gearbox Loss-of-Lubrication ...... 137 S. McIntyre, Q. Yu, R. Kunz, L. Chang, R. Bill

Simulation Methods used in the Development of the Quiescent Period Prediction Systems for the Royal Navy ...... 148 B. Ferrier, J. Duncan, A. Curnow, M. Belmont, J. Duncan

Semi-Empirical Physics-Based Modeling of Fuselage-Rotor and Fuselage-Wake Interferences for Comprehensive Codes ...... 161 B. Wall, A. Bauknecht, S. Jung, Y. You

Active Control of Transmission Noise In a Bell 407 Helicopter...... 174 Y. Pasco, A. Berry, A. Grewal, S. Chapleau

Segment-Wise Measurement of Helicopter Approach Noise with a Reduced Microphone Setup ...... 183 W. Olsman, B. Gursky

A Novel Parallel Algorithm for Rotor Dynamics Simulation...... 208 S. Heo, O. Bauchau

Control Loads Reduction through Control System Architecture Optimization Application to a Conventional Rotor on a Compound Helicopter...... 217 M. Paris, P. Eglin, F. Malburet, J. Carmona

Optimization of MQ-8 (Fire Scout) UAS Launch and Recovery Performance ...... 231 B. Ferrier, R. Ernst, A. Sehgal

The Bell 525 Relentless, The World’s First “Next Generation” Fly-by-Wire Commercial Helicopter ...... 245 S. Kim, M. Bothwell, R. Fortenbaugh

Comparative Bench Test Assessment of Medium Authority on-Blade Actuation Technologies...... 258 T. Schank, J. Szefi, C. Kothera

A Real Time Expert Control System For Helicopter Autorotation...... 274 Z. Sunberg, N. Miller, J. Rogers

Validation of Numerical Methods for Multi-Terrain Impact Simulations of a Crashworthy Composite Helicopter Subfloor ...... 292 T. Billac, M. David, M. Battley, T. Allen, R. Thomson, C. Kindervater, R. Das

Integrated Methods to Model and Update Rotorcraft Simulations with Experimental Data ...... 305 J. Cooper, T. Schlapkohl, E. Morelli, S. Roark, D. Gaublomme, B. Roberts, S. Xiao

Methodology for Equivalent Level of Safety Certification of U.S. Army Rotorcraft in Required Navigational Performance in Area Navigation Controlled Airspace ...... 323 C. SanFilippo, J. Lance, G. Emore, M. Gulley

Simulation of Coupled Helicopter-Slung Load-Pilot Dynamics...... 335 K. Enciu, A. Rosen

Generalized Timoshenko and Vlasov Theories for Oblique Cross-Sectional Analysis of Rotor Blades...... 362 A. Rajagopal, D. Hodges

Predictions of JVX Rotor Performance in Hover and Airplane Mode Using High-Fidelity Unstructured Grid CFD Solver ...... 382 C. Sheng

An Investigation Into the Effects of Body-Borne Equipment on Occupant Injury under Simulated Vertical Impact with Seat ‘Bottoming-Out’ ...... 397 D. Aggromito, R. Thomson, J. Wang, B. Chen, W. Yan

Predictions of Rotor and Rotor/Airframe Configurational Effects on Brownout Dust Clouds ...... 407 B. Govindarajan, J. Leishman

OH-58 Block II Control Law Upgrades...... 434 J. Shue, E. Carlson, J. Schillings, M. Bothwell

Achieving HUMS Program Financial Benefits – 12 Years of Day to Day HUMS Operations on the CH-146 Griffon Fleet...... 450 A. Heroux-Theriault

A Damage Tolerance and Fatigue Evaluation Approach for Composite Rotorcraft Airframe Structures ...... 456 A. Engleder, D. Francescatti, U. Burger

System Geometrical Management...... 463 J. Gatti, F. Martinel

Stability of Rotorcraft for Interplanetary Space Flight...... 471 S. Gibbs, J. Warren, W. Wilkie, E. Dowell

Extracting Blade Vortex Interactions using Continuous Wavelet Transforms...... 480 J. Stephenson, C. Tinney

Advanced Beam Modeling Applied to Articulated Rotor – Implementation in HOST Aeromechanic Simulation Tool...... 500 Y. Skladanek, L. Boucherie, B. Benoit, P. Cranga

Solution of Glauert’s Contraction/Expansion Equations for Wind Turbines and Powered Rotors with Swirl...... 512 D. Peters, R. Modarres, A. Howard, B. Rahming

An Alternative Approach for System Architecture Design to Ease IMA Incremental Certification and to Support Step by Step Avionics Deployment on the Fleet ...... 523 E. Guillanton, S. Germanetti

Nanolubricant Oil Additives for Performance Improvement of the Intermediate Gearbox in the AH- 64D Helicopter ...... 531 K. Gouda, J. Tarbutton, J. McVay, A. Bayoumi

Subjective and Objective Evaluation of PIO Tendencies ...... 542 M. Jones, M. Jump

Wind Tunnel Test Results for a 0.2 Scale 4-Bladed Tiltrotor Aeroelastic Model...... 558 J. Newman, T. Parham, C. Johnson, D. Popelka

Gain-Scheduled Higher Harmonic Control for Full Flight Envelope Vibration Reduction...... 570 F. Fan, S. Hall

Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of a Helicopter Main Rotor Hub Beanie using Advanced Multi- Objective Evolutionary Algorithms ...... 582 L. Mas, R. Ponza, E. Benini

Performance Characteristics of Symmetrized In-Flight Tracking Control...... 592 F. King, A. Steinwandel, W. Fichter

AFP Monocoque Composite Tailboom Full Scale Fatigue Testing...... 605 C. Beltempo, J. Rogers, R. Rutledge, A. Colle, P. Drouin, M. Lapalme

Utilizing Selective Laser Sintering for Production Fabrication of Peculiar Support Equipment...... 617 D. Przano

Safe Path Planning with Localization Uncertainty for Urban Operation of VTOL UAV...... 623 Y. Watanabe, S. Dessus, P. Fabiani

Full-Scale Experimental Validation of Dynamic, Centrifugally Powered, Pneumatic Actuators for Active Rotor Blade Surfaces ...... 636 J. Szefi, B. Cormier, L. Ionno

Design and Fabrication Elements to Unmanned Rotorcraft ILX-27...... 655 P. Gula

Physics-Based Modeling of Viscous Ground Effect for Rotorcraft Applications...... 662 J. Zhao, C. He

Blue Pulse Active Rotor Control at Airbus - New EC145 Demonstrator & Flight Test Results...... 679 A. Rabourdin, J. Maurice, O. Dieterich, P. Konstanzer

Helicopter Noise Abatement Arrival Trajectories ...... 703 S. Hartjes, H. Visser, M. Pavel

Continuous Trailing-Edge Flaps for Primary Flight Control of a Helicopter Main Rotor ...... 714 R. Thornburgh, A. Kreshock, M. Wilbur, M. Sekula, J. Shen

Thermoplastic Rotorcraft Driveshafts Provide Weight Reduction with Improved Survivability ...... 727 J. Michasiow, Z. August, G. Ostrander, D. Hauber

Spacial Modelling and Simulation of On-Deck Helicopter Securing and Manoeuvring...... 740 M. Leveille, R. Langlois

Effect of Control System Augmentation on Handling Qualities and Task Performance in Good and Degraded Visual Environments...... 750 C. Theodore, C. Malpica, C. Blanken, M. Tischler, B. Lawrence, J. Lindsey, T. Berger

Apache Mission Processor Software Architecture: Future Airborne Capability Environment (FACETM) Considerations...... 780 R. Koontz, D. Johnson

Optimized Powerplant Configurations For Improved Rotorcraft Operational Performance ...... 793 A. Fakhre, K. Tzanidakis, I. Goulos, V. Pachidis

Aerodynamic Performance Modeling of Ducted Fans and Shrouded Propellers for Preliminary Design ...... 810 C. Stahlhut

Volume 2

Icing Wind Tunnel Test of a Full Scale Heated Tail Rotor Model ...... 823 J. Wright, R. Aubert

A Novel, High Fidelity 6-DoF Simulation Model for Tethered Load Dynamics...... 832 D. Prosser, M. Smith

Investigation of Personal Aerial Vehicle Handling Qualities Requirements for Harsh Environmental Conditions ...... 848 P. Perfect, M. Jump, M. White

The Effect Of Ship Size On The Flying Qualities Of Maritime Helicopters...... 862 P. Scott, I. Owen, M. White

Measurements of the Plume-Like Three-Dimensionality of Rotor-Induced Dust Fields...... 873 A. Sydney, J. Leishman

Ice Testing of a Centrifugally Powered Pneumatic Deicing System for Helicopter Rotor Blades ...... 893 J. Palacios, D. Wolfe, M. Bailey, J. Szefi

Design, Development, and Qualification of Computationally Designed Alloys ...... 909 J. Grabowski, J. Sebastian, A. Asphahani, C. Houser, K. Teskin, D. Snyder

Computing Industry Applications to Rotorcraft Avionics...... 917 M. Hansen, A. Augenstein

Design, Rapid Prototyping and Testing of a Ducted Fan Microscale Quadcopter...... 926 C. Hooi

Improving the Predictions of Distortions throughout Manufacturing Process of Mechanical Parts for a “One Shot” Industrialization...... 936 J. Looze, T. Caula, P. Durand, J. Feraille

Advanced CFD-Based Optimization Methods Applied to the Industrial Design Process of Airframe Components at Airbus Helicopters ...... 946 Q. Zhang, A. Garavello, A. D'Alascio, D. Schimke

Numerical Investigation of Three-Dimensional Dynamic Stall on an Oscillating Finite Wing ...... 959 K. Kaufmann, M. Costes, F. Richez, A. Gardner, A. Pape

A Performance Analysis of Compound Helicopter Configurations...... 971 K. Ferguson, D. Thomson

Reusable Energy Absorbing Lab (REAL) Seat...... 984 M. Knott, B. Hall

Condition Monitoring of Helicopter Drivetrain Components Using Bispectral Analysis...... 995 M. Hassan, D. Coats, A. Bayoumi

Vehicle-Level Optimization of Rotorcraft Propulsion Systems ...... 1003 O. Ohanian, P. Gelhausen, A. Entsminger, C. Dunn, C. Sonnenburg

Conducting Helicopter Operations in Northern Labrador and the Arctic...... 1011 G. Goodyear

Boundary Layer Transition Measurements on Hovering Helicopter Rotors by Infrared Thermography ...... 1017 K. Richter, E. Schulein

Bell 412EPI Engine and Glass Cockpit Upgrade ...... 1030 J. Schillings, B. Thomas, E. Oltheten, H. Runge, J. Greenwood, D. Sowers

Benchmarking of UAV Guidance Systems in Nap of the Earth (NOE) Flight ...... 1056 E. Johnson, D. Bershadsky

Study of Processing Conditions on the Forming of Ribbed Features using Randomly-Oriented Strands Thermoplastic Composites...... 1062 D. LeBlanc, B. Landry, A. Levy, S. Roy, A. Yousefpour, E. Quinlan, P. Hubert

Advanced Approaches to Helicopter Engine System Dynamics ...... 1071 E. Ho, G. Begin, H. Smailys

Time Domain Modeling of Geometrically Nonlinear Viscoelastic Beams for Rotor Blades...... 1076 H. Kang, B. Glaz, M. Floros

Transitioning to MBSD in a Large Systems Engineering Organization that Develops Complex Mission System for Helicopters ...... 1085 S. Felter

Investigation of RCAS–CAMRAD II UH60 Structural Dynamics Model Correlation ...... 1092 B. Silbaugh, H. Kang, M. Floros, R. Singh

CFD Modelling of Gas Turbine Combustor Post-Shutdown: Heat Soak-Back Phenomenon...... 1119 M. Ghazlani, A. Champlain, B. Paquet, S. Kalla, N. Davenport

Analysis of Impact Behavior of Thick Rotorcraft Composite Components: Approach and Implementation...... 1125 M. Gurvich, P. Rao, P. Clavette, B. Bouquillon, M. Davis

UH-60 Partial Authority Modernized Control Laws for Improved Handling Qualities in the Degraded Visual Environment...... 1133 B. Fujizawa, M. Tischler, C. Ott, C. Blanken

Integrated Optimization Analyses on Aerodynamic/Stealth Characteristics of Helicopter Rotor Based on Surrogate Model ...... 1146 X. Jiang, Q. Zhao, G. Zhao, P. Li

Aerodynamic Shape Optimization for Alleviating Dynamic Stall Characteristics of Helicopter Rotor Airfoil...... 1159 Q. Wang, Q. Zhao, Q. Wu

Blade Property Measurement and Its Assessment on Air/Structural Loads of HART II Rotor...... 1172 S. Jung, Y. You, M. Dhadwal, B. Hagerty, J. Riemenschneider, R. Keimer

Numerical Analyses for Aerodynamic and Noise Characteristics of Helicopter Scissors Tail Rotor ...... 1186 Z. Zhu, Q. Zhao

Investigation of Three-Dimensional Dynamic Stall on an Airfoil using Fast Response Pressure Sensitive Paint...... 1199 A. Gardner, C. Klein, W. Sachs, U. Henne, H. Mai, K. Richter

Experimental Investigation on a 1/4 Scaled Model of an High–Performance Tiltwing in Hover ...... 1211 G. Droandi, A. Zanotti, G. Gibertini, G. Campanardi, D. Grassi

Advanced Multi Axis Trim and Drill Cell for Low Volume, Multiple Part Configuration in a JIT Environment ...... 1227 A. Laird

Contribution to the Study and Design of an Electro-Thermal De-Icing/Anti-Icing System Applied to Rotorcraft...... 1234 M. Boussetoua, J. Perron, M. Ouhrouche

Unsteady Blade Shape Optimization for Rotorcraft...... 1243 V. Ahuja, C. Kannepalli, A. Zambon, H. Lapin, M. Potsdam

A Multilayered Approach for Enhancing Rotorcraft Drive System Diagnostics ...... 1259 J. Sheldon, D. Kasper, M. Davis

Enabling Sustainable Engine Design LCA and Ecodesign Strategies ...... 1271 S. Hendershot

Effects of Contrast and Spatial Frequency on Idealized Compensatory Tasks...... 1279 D. Brown, R. Celi

Three-Dimensional CAD-Based Structural Modeling for Next Generation Rotor Dynamic Analysis...... 1301 W. Staruk, I. Chopra, A. Dadda

Engine Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention...... 1315 R. Pobjoy

Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures to Extend Component Remaining Useful Life Based on Aircraft Maneuvers...... 1321 K. Conrad, A. Love, D. Doubet, B. Tucker, J. Marin

Applications of Virtual Monitoring of Loads to Engineering Decision Making...... 1334 R. Beale

Airframe Structural Integrity Management: A UH-60 Application and Demonstration...... 1344 A. Brookhart, N. Bordick, P. Bates

Aircraft Survivability Rating...... 1358 J. Kaye, M. Robeson, N. Bordick

Turboshaft After-Market positioning: A Strategy Based Approach...... 1362 P. Carpentier

Integrated Aeromechanics with Three-Dimensional Solid-Multibody Structures...... 1365 A. Datta, W. Johnson

H2 Periodic Control on Active Twist Rotor for Vibration Reduction ...... 1386 C. Brillante, M. Morandini, P. Mantegazza

Explorations of Novel Powerplant Architectures for Hybrid Electric Helicopters...... 1394 V. Nagaraj, I. Chopra

Development and Testing of Optimized Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Noise Abatement Procedures on EC155 ...... 1422 F. Guntzer, M. Gervais, V. Gareton, P. Rollet

Conduction Heating for Adhesive Bonding of Rotorcraft Primary Structure ...... 1440 S. Hind, J. Verdino, D. Djokic, A. Yousefpour

Dynamics FEM Correlation Using Structural Optimization Tools...... 1445 S. Chapleau, M. Seifert, M. Couture

Modeling the Airwake in Helicopter Ship Landing Operations from a Control Perspective...... 1461 T. Ngo, C. Sultan

Rotor Structural Loads Analysis Using Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics...... 1473 H. Yeo, M. Potsdam

Turbulence Transport Phenomena in the Wakes of Wind Turbines ...... 1499 P. Jha, E. Duque, J. Bashioum, S. Schmitz

Effects of Structural Properties on Rotor Airloads Prediction Based on CFD/CSD Coupling Method...... 1515 J. Wang, Q. Zhao

Real-Time Simulation of Rotorcraft Downwash in Proximity of Complex Obstacles using Grid-Based Approaches...... 1527 L. Friedmann, P. Ohmer, M. Hajek

Hydraulic System Internal and External Leakage Diagnostics ...... 1543 M. Smith, J. Kloda, J. Friel

Impact Tests and Simulations of Crashworthy Composite Structures Using Variable Load Concept ...... 1557 T. Hou, G. Pearce, M. David, D. Kelly, G. Prusty, R. Thomson

Propulsion System Diagnostic and Reasoning Technology Development ...... 1569 N. Mackos, B. LeFevre, J. Friel, T. Baker

A Parametric Study of On-Blade Control Device Performance for Helicopter Vibration and Noise Reduction...... 1580 M. Chia, A. Padthe, P. Friedmann

A Computational Framework for Helicopter Fuselage Drag Reduction Using Vortex Generators...... 1595 J. Boniface

A Redundant Aircraft Attitude System Based on Fuzzy Logic Data Fusion of the Miniaturized Inertial Sensors ...... 1611 T. Grigorie, D. Sandu, R. Botez

Analysis of Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS) Users’ Perspective towards Mission Benefits Using Regression Analysis...... 1621 T. Zaman, A. Bayoumi

Fail-Safe Magnetorheological Energy Absorber for a Vertically Stroking Crashworthy Seat Suspension...... 1627 W. Hu, N. Wereley, G. Hiemenz, M. Murugan, J. Yoo

Volume 3

Select Human-Machine-Interface Properties for Cockpit Installed Touchscreen Displays ...... 1636 T. Robinson, J. Green, S. Humphrey, G. Grabski, M. Jacobson

Dynamic Stall Life Cycle On A Rotating Blade In Steady Forward Flight ...... 1644 V. Raghav, N. Komerath

Design and Development of the Atlas Human-Powered Helicopter ...... 1658 C. Robertson, T. Reichert

Faith of our Father Igor Sikorsky's Eternal Legacy...... 1670 R. Beggs, I. Sikorsky

Design Space Exploration of Gyrocopter-Type AirborneWind Turbines ...... 1677 D. Rancourt, F. Bolduc-Teasdale, E. Bouchard, M. Anderson, D. Mavris

Development of Thermoplastic Composite Cones for Helicopter Tail Boom Application ...... 1689 S. Hoa, F. Shadmehri, X. Cai, J. Simpson, M. Hojjati, J. Chen, P. Hubert, E. Quinlan, X. Brulotte, V. D'Arienzo, P. Beaulieu, M. Dion

Manufacturing of Composite Helicopter Tailboom Using AFP Process...... 1699 J. Chen, M. Octeau, S. Roy, A. Yousefpour, R. Gingras, P. Beaulieu, K. Morris

Subjective and Objective Metrics for the Evaluation of Motion Cueing Fidelity for a Roll-Lateral Reposition Maneuver...... 1706 C. Wiskemann, F. Drop, D. Pool, M. Paassen, M. Mulder, H. Bulthoff

Frequency Domain System Identification of a Light Helicopter in Hover...... 1721 S. Geluardi, F. Nieuwenhuizen, L. Pollini, H. Bulthoff

Joint Common Architecture (JCA) Recommendations...... 1732 T. DuBois, W. Kinahan, F. Dones

Performance and Flowfield Measurements of a MAV-Scale Helicopter Rotor in Hover...... 1740 M. Benedict, J. Winslow, Z. Hasnain, I. Chopra

Method to Allocate Vehicle Health Management Analytics to Subsystems for Maintenance Credit ...... 1762 K. Conrad, J. Oliver

Motion Feedback Improves Performance in Teleoperating UAVs...... 1777 J. Lachele, J. Venrooij, P. Pretto, H. Bulthoff

Vertical Lift Aircraft Rotor and Blade Mechanical and Dynamic Fault Detection in the field through the use of Revolution to Revolution Blade Track Data Analysis ...... 1785 G. Mesec

Investigation of Probabilistic Failure Predictions with Progressive Damage in Composites ...... 1794 R. Haynes, C. Shiao, T. Chen

Seeded-Fault Spin-Testing of an Active Rotor Electromechanical Actuator and Mechanism...... 1801 C. Matalanis, A. Kuczek, U. Jonsson, S. Kim, Z. Chaudhry, B. Wake, P. Brewer

An Evaluation of Three Technologies for Rotating/Non-Rotating Data Transfer ...... 1809 C. Matalanis, N. Soldner, S. Bajekal, U. Jonsson, V. Lakamraju, B. Wake, J. Moore, M. Piet, M. Scott

Combustion-Powered Actuation for Dynamic Stall Suppression – Simulations and Low-Mach Experiments ...... 1817 C. Matalanis, B. Min, P. Bowles, S. Jee, B. Wake, T. Crittenden, G. Woo, A. Glezer

Bearing Fault Diagnosis Using A Spectral Average Based Approach...... 1831 B. Hecke, E. Bechhoefer, Y. Qu, D. He

Assessment of Ice Accretion Effects on Rotor Dynamics via Multi-Body and CFD Approaches ...... 1840 D. Kelly, H. Fouladi, M. Fossati, W. Habashi, R. Alicino, G. Quaranta, P. Masarati

V-22 and the Future of Carrier Onboard Delivery (COD): Improving the Way the Navy Re-Supplies its Carriers and Maritime Forces...... 1852 K. Karika, B. Roby, J. Barber

A New Finite-Difference Method for General Long-Range Rotorcraft Acoustics: Initial Comparisons with Intermediate-Range Data ...... 1857 S. Chitta, J. Steinhoff, A. Wilson, F. Caradonna, B. Sim, L. Sankar

Helicopter Flight Test of the Obscurant Penetrating Autosynchronous Lidar (OPAL) in Degraded Visual Environments: Part II – See-through Capability Assessment...... 1870 G. Roy, S. Roy, X. Cao

Structural Health Sensing of Damage Precursors using Magnetostrictive Particles Embedded in Composite Structures ...... 1877 A. Hall, M. Haile, J. Yoo, R. Haynes, M. Coatney

Several Nominal Distances for Rotorcraft Gaussian Process Metamodels in the Presence of Categorical Alternatives...... 1884 J. Rio, D. Mavris

Experimental Characterization of a Tailboom with Fluidic Flexible Matrix Composite Tubes...... 1894 K. Miura, M. Krott, E. Smith, C. Rahn, P. Romano

Assessing the Fidelity of a Human-in-the-Loop Helicopter Flight Research Simulator ...... 1901 S. Manso, K. Bourne

CFD Calculations on the Unsteady Aerodynamic Force of Tilt-Rotor in Conversion Mode ...... 1907 P. Li, Q. Zhao, Q. Zhu

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Blade Tip Vortices of a BO 105 using a Multi-Camera BOS System...... 1919 A. Bauknecht, B. Ewers, C. Wolf, F. Leopold, M. Raffel

Lessons Learned from NH90 NFH Helicopter-Ship Qualification Testing across the Entire Dutch Fleet...... 1931 L. Hoencamp, D. Lee, M. Pavel, D. Stapersma

Acoustic Assesment of 3 Meter Radius Rotor with Whirl Tower Test and Analysis ...... 1944 A. Yucekayali, E. Ayan, Y. Ortakaya

Flight Testing of an In-Flight Tuning System on a CH-53G Helicopter ...... 1953 U. Arnold, D. Fuerst, S. Hartmann, A. Hausberg

HUMS & CBM in the Civil Helicopter Market ...... 1968 F. Hoffmann, G. Wurzel, S. Hasbroucq

Development of a Helicopter Hydroformable Skid Landing Gear Cross Tube...... 1982 X. Elie-Dit-Cosaque, S. Bernier, A. Gakwaya, J. Levesque, M. Guillot, J. Blanchet-Letourneau

A Novel Gear Condition Monitoring Method based on Transient Impulse Response...... 1997 Y. Chen, Z. Chaudhry, P. Dempsey

The Application of Helicopter Health and Usage Monitoring Techniques within the Wind Turbine Industry ...... 2003 C. Murray, P. Morrish, M. Asher, N. Lieven, M. Mulroy, C. Ng

Development of an Attitude Control System For a Large Scale Multicopter VTOL Aircraft...... 2013 R. Jehangir

3D-LZ Flight Test of 2013: Landing an EH-60L Helicopter in a Brownout Degraded Visual Environment ...... 2023 Z. Szoboszlay, B. Fujizawa, C. Ott, J. Savage, S. Goodrich, R. McKinley, J. Soukup

V-22 Dynamic Components Fatigue Design Usage Spectrum vs. Fleet Usage History ...... 2043 S. Kelly

Eliminating Avoidable Helicopter Seating-Related Injuries to Improve Combat Readiness and Mission Effectiveness1 ...... 2051 R. Healing, K. Hamon

UH-60A Rotor Tip Vortex Prediction and Comparison to Full-Scale Wind Tunnel Measurements ...... 2063 M. Potsdam, B. Jayaraman

Blade Displacement Predictions for the Full-Scale UH-60A Airloads Rotor...... 2084 R. Biedron, E. Lee-Rausch

Analysis of Vertical AxisWind Turbine Aerodynamics by Using a Multi-Fidelity Approach ...... 2101 Y. Han, J. Sitaraman, Y. Dan

Effects of Motion Filter Parameters on Simulation Fidelity Ratings ...... 2112 S. Reardon, S. Beard, B. Aponso

Development of Control Strategies and Flight Testing of a Twin-Cyclocopter in Forward Flight...... 2124 E. Shrestha, V. Hrishikeshavan, M. Benedict, D. Yeo, I. Chopra

Operating Strategies and Design Recommendations for Mitigating Local Damage Effects in Offshore Turbine Blades...... 2145 P. Richards, D. Griffith, D. Hodges

Learning Optimal Guidance Behavior in Unknown Environments within Receding Horizon Planning...... 2158 A. Verma, B. Mettler

Rotor Resonance Disturbance Rejection Controller...... 2169 R. Pedrami

Portable Peening Capabilities in Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul Environments using Ultrasonic Shot Peening...... 2174 K. McClurg, R. Buckner, O. Briere, F. Chateau

Simulation Testing of Advanced Response Types for Ship-Based Rotorcraft...... 2180 G. Soneson, J. Horn

Stability, Control, and Simulation of a Dual Lift System Using Autonomous R-MAX Helicopters...... 2195 M. Berrios, M. Tischler, L. Cicolani, J. Powell

Prediction of the Thermo-Fluids of Gearbox Systems...... 2214 M. Yazdani, F. Sun, M. Soteriou, Z. Chaudhry

An Assessment of RCAS Performance Prediction for Conventional and Advanced Rotor Configurations ...... 2222 R. Jain, H. Yeo, J. Ho, M. Bhagwat

Real-Time Simulation of Coaxial Rotor Configurations with Combined Finite State DynamicWake and VPM ...... 2244 J. Zhao, C. He

Numerical Investigations of Upwind and Downwind NREL 5MW Reference Wind Turbines Using CFD and CSD ...... 2256 Q. Zhao, J. Ickes, C. Sheng, A. Afjeh

Compression Molding of Composite Tailboom Frames ...... 2272 S. Roy, A. Yousefpour, F. Bednar, P. Beaulieu

A Simple Short-Term Solution to Helicopter Spatial Disorientation During Operations in Degraded Visual Environments ...... 2277 B. McGrath, S. Drakunov, J. McKay, J. Ramiccio, A. Rupert

Application of rFlow3D Code to Performance Prediction and the Wake Structure Investigation of Wind Turbines ...... 2285 H. Oe, Y. Tanabe, M. Sugiura, T. Aoyama, Y. Matsuo, H. Sugawara, M. Yamamoto

Multi Fidelity Analysis and Design of Ducted Micro Scale Rotor Systems...... 2294 A. Singh, K. Duraisamy

50 Years After the Bo46 First Flight–Would we Do Better Now? ...... 2306 M. Hajek, M. Mindt

UnderstandingWind TurbineWake Breakdown using CFD...... 2315 M. Carrion, M. Woodgate, G. Barakos, R. Steijl

Investigation of Novel Concepts for Control of a Personal Air Vehicle ...... 2329 M. Jones, P. Perfect, M. Jump, M. White

A Portable Display for Evaluating Handling Qualities in Shipboard Hover...... 2345 S. Roark, D. Mitchell, G. Molinaro

Helicopter Fuselage Active Flow Control in the Presence of a Rotor...... 2354 P. Martin, A. Overmeyer, P. Tanner, J. Wilson, L. Jenkins

Cyclogyro Thrust Vectoring for Anti-Torque and Control of Helicopters...... 2381 L. Gagnon, M. Morandini, G. Quaranta, V. Muscarello, G. Bindolino, P. Masarati

Chordwise Implementation of Pneumatic Artificial Muscles to Actuate a Trailing Edge Flap ...... 2395 R. Vocke, C. Kothera, N. Wereley

Comparison of Simulator Platform and Flight Tasks on Adverse Rotorcraft Pilot Coupling Prediction...... 2407 L. Lu, M. Jump, M. Jones, D. Yilmaz, M. Pavel

Comparison of Mobile Aircrew Restraint Strategies in a Full-Scale CH-46 Airframe Crash Test ...... 2424 L. Bark

Rotor Wireless Load and Motion Monitoring Sensor Network...... 2433 S. Bajekal, B. Bouquillon, N. Soldner, M. Davis, C. Tokgoz, A. Marchiori

Aircraft Wire Fault Detection and Isolation using Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry...... 2441 B. Drost, M. Mastrianni, B. Thompson

Volume 4

Numerical Examination of a Model Rotor in Brownout Conditions...... 2450 B. Kutz, T. Gunther, A. Rumpf, A. Kuhn

Non-Metallic Debris Monitor For a Helicopter Transmission...... 2462 A. Chavez, J. Fetty, J. Gerardi

Robust Anti-Windup Design for Active Trailing Edge Flaps in Active Rotor Applications ...... 2475 R. Morales, M. Turner

Reversible Airfoils for Stopped Rotors in High Speed Flight ...... 2482 R. Niemiec, G. Jacobellis, F. Gandhi

Airframe Active Vibration-Based Damage Detection and Localization...... 2497 J. Long, S. Conlon

Low-Dimensional Characteristics of Tip Vortices from a Coaxial...... 2511 S. Mula, C. Cameron, C. Tinney, J. Sirohi

Design, Development, and Hover Testing of a Helicopter Rotor Blade Chord Extension Morphing System...... 2524 F. Gandhi, E. Hayden

Methods and Techniques for Analysis of Field Data for Commercial Rotorcraft Components ...... 2545 R. Muniz, M. Neus

Performance of CH-46 Pilot Seats in NASA Full-Scale Crash Test ...... 2557 A. Harris, L. Bark

Evaluation of Rotor Structural Characteristics Based on Whirl Tower Tests ...... 2568 B. Ergul, Y. Ulu, G. Tursun

Unsteady Boundary Layer Transition Measurements by Differential Infrared Thermography...... 2577 C. Merz, K. Richter, M. Raffel

Ground Resonance and Whirl Stability Analysis Using CAMRAD...... 2586 L. Liu, V. Anand, K. Hair, F. Straub

Improving Wear and Fretting Characteristics of a Rotorcraft Transmission Bearing and Case Interface with Fiber Reinforced Aluminum (FRA) Liners ...... 2597 D. Owen, S. Gardner, B. Modrzejewski, J. Fetty, K. Karg

Optimum Design of Compound Helicopters Using Higher Harmonic Control...... 2607 E. Giovanetti, K. Hall

A Physics-Based Approach to Trim Optimization of an Articulated Slowed-Rotor Compound Helicopter in High-Speed Flight...... 2619 J. Reddinger, F. Gandhi

Collaborative Search and Pursuit for Autonomous Helicopters...... 2638 E. Johnson, J. Mooney

Performance and Vibratory Hub Loads of a Mach-Scale Coaxial Rotor in Hover ...... 2647 C. Cameron, A. Karpatne, J. Sirohi

Expanded Fatigue Damage and Load Time Signal Estimation for Dynamic Helicopter Components Using Computational Intelligence Techniques...... 2656 C. Cheung, B. Rocha, J. Valdes, M. Kotwicz-Herniczek, A. Stefani

Ground and Flight Testing of a Hub Mounted Vibration Suppression System ...... 2666 J. Andrews, W. Welsh, R. Altieri, J. DiOttavio

Scaling Effects in Guidance Systems and their Benchmarking: The Agility Scale Ratio ...... 2674 B. Mettler, A. Verma

Quantification of Rotor Surface Roughness due to Ice Accretion via Broadband Noise Measurement...... 2680 B. Cheng, Y. Han, K. Brentner, J. Palacios, P. Morris

Securing a Safe Firing Envelope for the Qualification of a Gun Installation on a Helicopter ...... N/A N. Munninghoff, J. Vorst, K. Zeilstra

Adaptive Distributed Aviation Asset Optimization for Operational Effectiveness (Phase II)...... 2705 J. Merrihew, L. Lafferty, C. Shepard, N. Geddes, S. Toney

A Higher-Order Free-Wake Method for a Helicopter Rotor in Forward Flight Using Distributed Vorticity Elements ...... 2720 T. Choephel, M. Maughmer

External Load Stabilization Control Laws For An H-6 Helicopter Testbed ...... 2729 B. Patterson, C. Ivler, P. Hayes

Phase Gradient Approach for Internal Damage Mapping of Rotorcraft Components ...... 2754 A. Darnton, M. Ruzzene

Managing Certification for Software & AEH on Military Programs ...... 2763 S. Lenahan

Genetic Algorithm Based Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Tool for Wind Turbine Blades and its Implementation to Helicopter Blades...... 2774 O. Polat, N. Sezer-Uzol, I. Tuncer

Dependence of Vibration Characteristics on Grease Service Levels in an AH-64D Intermediate Gearbox ...... 2786 T. Edwards, A. Patterson, E. Ballentine, A. Bayoumi

The Model 107-II Helicopter: 50 Years of Tandem-Rotor Excellence ...... 2794 R. Roedts

Experimental Study of the Environmental Flow-field of Two Impinging Model Scale Jets...... 2800 L. Myers, N. Rudenko, D. McLaughlin

Readiness Integration Center (RIC): Increasing Safety, Improving Maintenance & Decreasing Cost ...... 2818 P. Holveck, L. Armijo, J. Camacho

Predicted Performance of an Optimized Energy-Absorbing Crashworthy Seat During Idealized and Actual Crash Pulses...... 2824 M. Richards

A Historical Investigation of the Mission Requirements and Enabling Technologies Influencing the Development of Unmanned Rotary-Wing Aircraft...... 2846 S. Bruce, J. Pereira

The Planner Ensemble and Trajectory Executive: A High Performance Motion Planning System with Guaranteed Safety ...... 2872 S. Choudhury, S. Arora, S. Scherer

Coupled CFD/CSD-Based Aeroelastic Analysis with Flowfield Measurements of Avian-Based Flexible Flapping Wings for MAV Applications ...... 2892 D. Mayo, J. Lankford, M. Benedict, I. Chopra

Development of a Visual Landing Profile with Natural-Feeling Cues...... 2917 L. Lu, M. Jump, P. Perfect, M. White

Piloted Simulation Evaluation of a Robust Feedback Controller for Helicopters Handling Externally Slung Loads...... 2929 J. Rigsby, J. Horn

Display Symbology for a Rotary-Wing Air Racer ...... 2942 R. Lamour, K. Feigh

Investigation of Aerodynamic Interactions in Ducted Rotor Systems...... 2951 R. Singh, B. Jimenez, M. Avera

Helicopter Downwash Effects on Ship Airwake: Predictions, Modeling from a Database, and Simulation ...... 2958 K. Schau, G. Gaonkar, S. Polsky

Terrain and Obstacle Avoidance Displays for Low-Level Helicopter Operations in Degraded Visual Environments...... 2975 A. Kahana, B. Sweet, Z. Szoboszlay, M. Rottem-Hovev

Technology Identification for a High Performance Tailsitter VTOL Aircraft...... 2986 M. Avera, H. Kang, R. Singh, M. Floros

Development of a Finite State Model for a Coaxial Rotor in Forward Flight ...... 2994 M. Nowak, J. Prasad, D. Peters

Investigation of Ship Airwakes Using a Hybrid Computational Methodology...... 3001 E. Quon, P. Cross, M. Smith, N. Rosenfeld, G. Whitehouse

Time-Dependent Adjoint-Based Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Applied To Helicopter Rotors...... 3015 A. Mishra, K. Mani, D. Mavriplis, J. Sitaraman

“Fatigue-Free” Platforms: Vision for Army Future Rotorcraft...... 3035 D. Le, J. Riddick, V. Weiss, B. Miller, N. Bordick

Compressible Dynamic Stall of an SSC-A09 Airfoil Subjected to Coupled Pitch and Freestream Mach Oscillations ...... 3049 K. Hird, M. Frankhouser, J. Gregory, J. Bons

On the Role of Cable Curvature in Rotorcraft-based Tow Operations for Submerged Loads...... 3062 A. Sridharan, R. Celi

Use of Redundant Controls to Enhance Transient Response and Handling Qualities of a Compound Rotorcraft...... 3085 A. Thorsen, J. Horn, G. Ozdemir

Testing-Based Approach to Determining the Divergence Speed of Slung Loads ...... 3099 A. Forbes, S. Pirau, B. Liberi, N. Komerath

Guidance for Slung Load Operations through Differential Dynamic Programming ...... 3111 G. Torre, E. Johnson, E. Theodorou

Dynamic View for Exercising Product Development Functions During Integrated Product and Process Development...... 3122 D. Schrage

New Robust Control Analysis Methodology for Lynx Helicopter and Cessna Citation X Aircraft using Guardian Maps, Genetic Algorithms and LQR Theories Combinations...... 3138 G. Ghazi, R. Botez

Gurney Flap Control Authority on a Pitching Wind Turbine Airfoil...... 3147 P. Nikoueeyan, J. Strike, A. Magstadt, M. Hind, J. Naughton

An Assessment of the Long-Age Unsteady Rotor Hub Wake Physics for Empennage Analysis...... 3162 D. Reich, S. Schmitz, R. Shenoy, M. Smith

Structures Perspective for Strength and Fatigue Prognosis in Composites...... 3176 G. Seon, Y. Nikishkov, A. Makeev

Understanding In-Plane Noise and Loading for Active Noise Control ...... 3187 T. Yang, K. Brentner, E. Corle, S. Schmitz

Hydrodynamic Characterization of a Sonar Body for Rotorcraft-Based Towing...... 3205 J. Falls

Providing a Systems Approach for Digital Manufacturing and Design Innovation...... 3213 D. Schrage

A Principled Approach to Enable Safe and High Performance Maneuvers for Autonomous Rotorcraft ...... 3228 S. Arora, S. Choudhury, D. Althoff, S. Scherer

Adverse Rotorcraft-Pilot Couplings – Modelling and Prediction of Rigid Body RPC: Sketches from the Work of European Project ARISTOTEL 2010-2013 ...... 3237 M. Pavel, D. Yilmaz, B. Vu, M. Jump, L. Lu, M. Jones

Author Index