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Zoosystema 31(4).Indb On two new species of Proales from France, with reallocation of Dicranophorus liepolti Donner, 1964 and D. secretus Donner, 1951 (Rotifera, Monogononta) Willem H. DE SMET University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk (Belgium) [email protected] Michel VEROLET La Bourzède, F-07200 St-Julien-du-Serre (France) [email protected] De Smet W. H. & Verolet M. 2009. — On two new species of Proales from France, with reallocation of Dicranophorus liepolti Donner, 1964 and D. secretus Donner, 1951 (Rotifera, Monogononta). Zoosystema 31 (4) : 959-973. ABSTRACT Two new species of rotifer, Proales ardechensis n. sp. and P. laticauda n. sp. MOTS CLÉS (Monogononta, Proalidae) from the Ardèche, France, are described and illustrated. Rotifera, Proales ardechensis n. sp. is readily distinguished from its congeners by the stout foot Monogononta, Proalidae, composed of 4 pseudosegments of which the penultimate one bears an antenna Proales, at its posterior margin dorsally, and the malleate trophi bearing characteristic Aspelta, Encentrum, hook-shaped alulae. Proales laticauda n. sp. is characterized by its broad and stout Dicranophorus, truncate tail almost overlying the foot, and its small and slender basally swollen France, toes. Based on the trophi morphology studied by scanning electron microscopy taxonomie, espèces nouvelles, Dicranophorus liepolti Donner, 1964 is reallocated to the genus Encentrum, and combinaisons nouvelles. D. secretus Donner, 1951 is placed in the genus Aspelta. RÉSUMÉ Sur deux espèces nouvelles de Proales de France, avec réinstallation de Dicranophorus liepolti Donner, 1964 et D. secretus Donner, 1951 (Rotifera, Monogononta). Deux nouvelles espèces de rotifères, Proales ardechensis n. sp. et P. laticauda KEY WORDS n. sp. (Monogononta, Proalidae), récoltées en Ardèche, France, sont décrites et Rotifera, illustrées. Proales ardechensis n. sp. se distingue nettement par son pied robuste Monogononta, Proalidae, composé de 4 pseudosegments dont l’avant-dernier porte une antenne près de Proales, son bord postérieur dorsal, et ses trophi mallées montrant des alulae spécifi ques Aspelta, Encentrum, en forme de crochet. Proales laticauda n. sp. est caractérisée par sa large queue Dicranophorus, tronquée couvrant à peu près complètement le pied, et ses petits orteils sveltes France, aux bases gonfl ées. L’étude par microscopie électronique à balayage des trophi taxonomy, new species, montre que Dicranophorus liepolti Donner, 1964 doit être transféré dans le genre new combinations. Encentrum, et que D. secretus Donner, 1951 appartient au genre Aspelta. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2009 • 31 (4) © Publications Scientifi ques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.zoosystema.com 959 De Smet W. H. & Verolet M. INTRODUCTION microscope equipped with a Canon S50. Animals were drawn using a Leitz Orthoplan microscope with Proalidae Harring & Myers, 1924 is a small family of camera lucida. Preparation of trophi for scanning monogonont rotifers comprising four genera and 55 electron microscopy (SEM) was done following De species considered valid, of which the genus Proales Smet (1998) using NaOCl solution to dissolve the Gosse, 1886 (44 species) is the most species-rich tissues. For SEM a Philips SEM 515 microscope (De Smet 1996; Segers 2007). Many more spe- operated at 20 kV was used. cies defi nitely await description as they have been largely neglected because of their illoricate or only weakly stiff ened integument, raising diffi culties in SYSTEMATICS obtaining well-preserved specimens. Th ey moreover are often strongly similar in body shape, which led Phylum ROTIFERA Cuvier, 1812 to superfi ciality and/or neglect of the study of the Class EUROTATORIA De Ridder, 1957 trophi which are species specifi c. Another problem Subclass MONOGONONTA Plate, 1889 poses their often fairly small dimensions through Order PLOIMA Hudson & Gosse, 1886 which light-microscopic observations of the trophi Family PROALIDAE Harring & Myers, 1924 are highly defi cient, and diff erent species may well Genus Proales Gosse, 1886 be hidden under the same name. During an ongoing study of the rotifers from the Ardèche, France we Proales ardechensis n. sp. came across two hitherto unknown Proales species (Figs 1; 2) which are described in the present contribution. Samples from the same region also contained speci- TYPE MATERIAL. — All specimens from the type locality, collected 24.III.2007 and 8.VII.2008. mens of two taxonomically problematic members of Holotype: ♀ in a permanent glycerine glass slide mount the Dicranophoridae Harring, 1913, Dicranophorus (RBINS IG31125, RIR194). secretus Donner, 1951 and D. liepolti Donner, Paratypes: 38 ♀♀; 1 ♀ each in glass slide mount (RBINS 1964, the study of which enabled us to resolve the RIR195), ANSP (Reg. N° 1975) and MNHN (AM 878); matter and reallocate them to the genus Aspelta 30 ♀♀ in glass slide mounts and 5 stubs each with one Harring & Myers, 1928 and Encentrum Ehrenberg, trophi preparation for SEM in UA. 1838 respectively. TYPE LOCALITY. — Saint-Julien-du-Serre (4°25’0”E, 44°39’0”N), Ardèche, Rhône-Alpes, France. ABBREVIATIONS TYMOLOGY. — Th e species name ardechensis is derived ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; E from the area where the species was found. RBINS Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels; DIAGNOSIS. — Stout fusiform animal with stout, long, MNHN Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris; c. ⅓ total length foot composed of four pseudosegments; UA University of Antwerp, Department of Biology. penultimate foot pseudosegment with antenna dorsally near posterior margin. Pedal glands large with large reservoir, foot-length. Eyespots two colourless globules MATERIALS AND METHODS surrounded by dark-red granules, posteriorly between brain and mastax. Trophi malleate; rami with hook-shaped Th e two new species of Proales, Dicranophorus secretus alulae; unci plate-shaped with 5 major teeth and 1-2/3 minor teeth. and D. liepolti were sampled near St-Julien-du-Serre, Ardèche, France. Aspelta circinator (Gosse, 1886) was collected in periphyton from the pond “Zwartwater”, DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE Turnhout, Belgium. Both live and fi xed animals Body broadly fusiform, stout (Fig. 1A, B). Head were studied. For fi xation and preservation a ~4% off set by neckfold; rostrum broad, short, truncate. formalin solution was used. Photographs of live Trunk ovate in dorsal view, off set from foot, in specimens were obtained with a Leitz Ortholux lateral view arched dorsally, more or less fl attened 960 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2009 • 31 (4) Two new species of Proales (Rotifera, Monogononta) AB C G E D F FIG. 1. — Proales ardechensis n. sp., female: A, ventral view ; B, lateral view ; C, detail of toes and distal foot pseudosegments, dorsal view; D, outline of resting egg, projections omitted; E, projections on resting egg; F, eyespots; G, foot, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, D, 50 μm; C, E-G, 10 μm. ventrally; a short distal pseudosegment. Tail broad, pseudosegment shortest, the others equally long; truncate, less prominent. Foot long, c. ⅓ total length, penultimate pseudosegment with antenna (Fig. 1G) stout, elongate conical; 4 pseudosegments, proximal dorsally near posterior margin (often covered by ZOOSYSTEMA • 2009 • 31 (4) 961 De Smet W. H. & Verolet M. posterior margin). Toes short, conical, very weakly Measurements decurved ventrally, appressed. Corona slightly oblique. Total length 150-230 μm (mean 184 μm, N=15), Dorsal antenna near posterior third of head. Brain toe 9-12 μm (mean 10 μm); trophi (N=4): ramus saccate. Retrocerebral sac absent. Subcerebral glands 11.5-14.1 μm, fulcrum 7.2-9.4 μm, uncus 10.2- present. Eyespots (Fig. 1F) two colourless globules 10.9 μm, manubrium 14.2-18.6 μm; resting egg surrounded by a few dark-red granules, situated 72 × 47 μm, spines 8-10 μm. between brain and mastax, apparently not connected to posterior of brain. Between mastax and brain REMARKS some individual cells apparently connected to brain. Although Proales ardechensis n. sp. keys out to Lateral antennae small, near posterior third of trunk. P. sigmoidea (Skorikov, 1896) following the key Gastric glands large, spherical, latero-dorsal, ducts by De Smet (1996), these two cannot be confused very short to absent. Stomach and intestine separated given the diff erent trophi type: malleate in the new by shallow constriction. Pedal glands very large, species and virgate in P. sigmoidea. Additionally the ovate in lateral view, in dorsal/ventral view slightly toes are conical in P. ardechensis n. sp. and more compressed laterally, located in the two proximal or less foliate in dorsal view in P. sigmoidea. Th e foot pseudosegments, often extending into trunk, outer organization of P. ardechensis n. sp. resembles with large elongate reservoir in distal part of foot. P. similis de Beauchamp, 1907, which however, Bladder normal. Vitellarium with eight nuclei. has a single wrinkled foot pseudosegment without Trophi malleate (Fig. 2). Incus almost perpen- dorsal antenna, instead of four pseudosegments, the dicular to body axis; axis of manubria parallel to penultimate of which bearing an antenna dorsally. body axis. Rami and fulcrum forming weak angle Th e trophi structure of both species is malleate, with each other; rami triangular with tips slightly but P. ardechensis n. sp. diff ers mostly by its hook- recurved caudally, and an acute hook-shaped alula shaped alulae situated just below the lateral ramus ventrally near lateral corner of rami; inner margins corners, diff erent
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