A SEL-CIED BIBLIOGRAPHY , OF IN THE APAB CRIDl~ WITH PAR!IUR EMPHASIS ON MORCOCO 83/B-0

Fc

e

41 ElU KI A SEIECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WWMEIN WT ARAB IDRID WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON .MOROCCO 83/B-01

Compiled by: Marion Marshall Editor, Wcmen and International Development Research and Information Center, with the help of WIDRIC stafi.

Women and Liternaticnal Development Research and Information Center 1246 Social Sciences Building 267 19th Avenue South Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 Fall 1982, Winter/Spring 1993

We gratefully acknowledge receipt of a Title XXI Strengthening Graat. administered by the College of Agriculture., which facilitated conpilatiin of materials. This bibliography is intended for internal use and should not be duplicated or quoted without permission. PREFACE

PURPOSE: The purpose of this bibliography is to list books, publications, review articles and other graphic material basic to research, both general and specific, on wren in the Arab wrld, with spec .fic reference to norocco. It is intended to be an internal guide for the faculty and students at the University of Minnesota who are interested in this subject matter and area.

The emphasis is on the social sciences and agriculture and it is not, by definition, intended to be comprehensive. Emphasis is upon material available at War"n and International Developmnt Research and Information Center and the University of Minnesota libraries. However, selected other titles on the broader topic of Muslim Wamen throughout the Middle East are included for those who -ant to explore the topic furthe2r. These materials are available through th-e National Research Library Network.

Material available at WIDRIC and abstracted by WIDRIC staff has bee identified as such. Since it was not possible to abstract all aterials personally, other sources have been listed and we ackyewlodge these in the final sec-ion.

Camputer searches for material were conducted and updated as of Spring 1983. Most of the material abstracted and held by WIDRIC is on line with BRS's National Council on Family Relations (NCFR) Da tahse.

SPECIFICATIONS

SCOPE: The scope of the project is broad and multidisciplinary in approach. Further self-iposed limitations of this bibliography are as follows:

1. Tim period is from 1970 - present.

2. Only material published in English is included* because it is intended for a University of Minnesota audience of scholars and studoits.

3. Materials are available at, or through, the University of Minnesota. Please consult a reference librarian for further help.

*Many excellent materials, available in Arabic, French, Dutch or German, were excluded. TAI3E (IF CONrENTh:

1. Materials on hand at WIDRIC, annotated and abstracted by WIDRIC staff. Section A. Pp. 1-4

2. Materials held in U of MLibraries. Section B.

a. fk.DKs pp. 5-6 b. Articles pp. 6-9

3. Materials available through the National Research Library Network. Section C.

a. Books pp. 10-11 b. Articles pp. 11-12

4. Bibliographies obtainable in the Reference Room p. 13 in Wilson Library. SeactionI A

MATERIALS AVAIlABLE IN THE WOMEN AND nqJJE0WIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH AND INFORMATION CENTFR (WIDRIC), UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, AND ABSTRAC BY WIDRIC STAFF

BOOKS

Beck, Lois and Nikki Keddie, Eds. Women in the Muslim World. Cambridge, MA: Press, 1979. A collection of essays ab-iit Muslim women, riany of which deal "with wmen's interactions with the family and all its members." Essay topics vary: the inportance of the bride's virginity, the preference fur early marriage, the wife as the producer of sons, the maltreatment of a (presumed) sterile or exclusively dauqhter-producing wife, the relative freedom in early childhood or after menopause, and the nature of interpersonal relationships with parents, brothers, an( later with husbands. "The chapters in this volume are organized into four parts: general perspectives on legal and socioeconnic change; historical perspectives; specific case studies on nomads, villagers, and town and city dwellers; and ideological, religious, and ritual sy3tens."

Coulson, Noel and Doreen Hinchcliffe. "Women and Law Reform in Contemporary Islam." In Women in the Muslim World. Eds. Lois Beck and Nikki Keddie. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979, pp. 37-51. Although the rules of conduct contained in the Koran, the primary source of Islamic religius law, were intended to improve the social status of women in Muslim society, the general ethical injunctions of the Koran were rarely transformed into legally enforceable rules. They were binding only on the individual conscience. This is because the Koran is not primarily a legislative docunnt, but rather a declaration of fundamental Islamic ethics. This chapter examines the process of juristic development over the last two centuries, and the present impetus for legal reform concerning five principal topics: capacity to marry, polygam', divorce, custody of children, and succession. A clhronological table of reforms is supplied at the end of the chapter.

Davis, Susan B. Patience and Pcwer: Women's Lives in a Moroccan Village. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Co., 1983. The author gives details of the daily lives and life cycles of Muslim women living in a large Moroccan village. She describes the social, econoaic, religious, and politizal roles of these women and compares thefr sphere to that of men. Whilst recognizing the widely differentiated sex roles in Moruccan society, she argues that the stereotype of traditional M-oroccan women has lead researchers to overlook the many ways w influence their status. The author describes the formal and informal roles women play in both the private and the public domain. The book has a number of excellent photographs which flesh out the description of the women. Davis, Susan Schaefer. "Working Women in a Moroccan Village." In WVxen in the Muslim World. Eds. Lois Beck and Nikki Keddie. Cambridge, MA: iarard University Press, 1979, pp. 416-432. This essay examines the economic roles available to Muslim women in one large Muslim village -2­

and assesses the effects that playing these roles has on their status in Moroccan society. The results indicate that for most of tic women in this ommnity woring lowered their status. The effect of a jcb on a woman's status "is depreciatory because the ideal woman is a virtuous wife and a good mother and remains in her home and out of the public eye." The jobs that enhance status take place inside the home, preferably as a center of a communication network. "Informition about others is power and car be used to raise or lower their status and thus control them."

Dwyer, Daisy H. "Women, Sufism, and Decision-Making in Moroccan Islam" In Women in the Muslim World. Eds. Lois Beck and Nikki Keddie. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979, pp. 585-598 Tis chapter focuses on waen's impact upon religious decision-making as it occurs in the lives of both female and male Muslims. During ., child-bearing and child-rearing years of a marriage, women tend to be more involved in Sufi relgious orders or cults. During these years, women are responsi.­ ble for the well-being of the younger children. For this reason, woman seek the support of saints and the Sufi order. f an, however, have access to alternatives not readily available to wimen, i.e. they hold divorce rights, and rights to medical aid. As a result, women are more actively involved in Sufi orders than are men.

Fernea, Elizabeth W. A Street in Marrakech: A Personal Encounter with the Lives of Moroccan Woman. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co., Inc., 1975. The author gives a vivid account of her 18 months in Marrakech with her husband and three children. They chose to live in the Medina rather than in the "European" section of town: a choice which made life there more interesting but more difficult. At first, women ignored her but gradually she became friends with her neighbors and gained teir confi­ dence. The book provides insight into the daily life of Moroccan woman urban dwllers of the lower middle and middle classes. She explores their attitudes and feelings about their lives through her accounts of everyday incidents on Rue Tr~sor.

Maher, Vanessa. "Women and Social Change in Morocco." In Wren in the Muslim World. Eds. Lois Beck and Nikki Keddie. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979, pp. 100-123. The status of wcmen in Moroccan society is discussed with frequent references to tradition and historical significance. The stratification of woen's roles and behavior starts with the differences betveen rural and urban women, their relation to property and to the ma-ket. Contemporary Moroccan women are further categorized as elite women, educated working women, women of the old urban bourgeoisie, women dependent on state-employed men, country woman, "free" wmen, migrant women and women factory workers. The influence of the changing attitudes about fertility are discussed, as well as the contradictions between ideology and reality, and its influence of the education of women.

Rosen, Lawrence. "The Negotiation of Reality: Male-Female Relation-, in Sefrou, Morocco." In Women in the Muslim World. Eds. Lois Beck and Nikki Keddie. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979, pp. 561­ 584. This chapter focuses on a western perspective of the social separa­ -3­

ticn of Moroccan men and women. This corresponds to certain conceptual differentiation on the part of men (who may assume that a marriage i not a relationship of equals), and wamtan (who may emphasize the malleability of internal family relationships). As a result of these differing concepts among Moroccan men and women, it becomes the "natural sphere"with the man within the "cultural sphere". "Nature" and "culture" correspxd to the private and public sectors of social life. Emphasis is placed on the man's perception of %;omen and the woman's power within the household.

White, Elizabeth H. "Legal Reform as an Indicator of Woman's Status in Muslim Nations". In Women in the Muslim World. Eds. Lois Beck and Nikki Keddie. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univer3ity Press, 1979, pp. 52- A discussion of evidence supporting the hypothesis that variations in the severity of enforcement of traditional Islamic restrictions on women are associated with variations in the educational achievement and employment of women. Youssef, Nadia H. "The Status and Fertility Patterns of Muslim Wacren." In Women in the Muslim World. Eds. Lois Beck and Nikki Keddie. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979, pp. - . "This assay gives available information on the fertility patterns in Muslim countries in North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Specifically Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Libya, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, , Turkey, Pakistan, and Indonesia and relater- their fertility to their status and position in the Muslim social structure."

AFGICLES Agency for International Development. Nonformal Education for Women in Morocco. Washington, D.C.: AID, 1980. This AID document reviews and evaluates several non-formal education programs for women in Morocco. Pexrmmenda­ tions are made to I) strengthen existing vocational training programs for adolescent fenales in the non-formal education sector; 2) establish an alternative center for vocational/technical training; and 3) suggest subject matter for future reseaich. Agency for International Development. Selected Statistical Data by Sex. Washington, D.C.: AID, 1981. The bulk of this publication is in the form of data tables. These data reflect differential conditions anong men and women and provides the baseline socio-econinic data pertinent to women's status. The Introduction and Fcreward provide an international perspective. Appendixes C, D, and E offer comments on the analysis of Moroccan data.

Belghiti, Malika El. "The Role of Women in Socio-Eoc-nviic Development: Indica­ tors as Instruments of Social Analysis: The Case of Morocco." UNESCO, 1981, pp. 15-27. A brief case study examining the extent of Mrocco's "women in development" efforts. EL argues the importance of an objective analysis of women's activities to Le used in developing appropriate development policies and plans. The paper also reviews women's access to employirent, education, health services, child care, and legal address. -4 -

Joseph, Terri Brint. "2.etry as a Strategy of Power: The Case of Berber W*xen. " Journal Riffian This studiy analyz-s of ;%ren in Culture and Society, 5, xHow wen express thenselveps No. 3 (1980). the formal, institutionalized in a public arena within structure of male female network system society, rather than a for covert influence. It explores which songs oonstitute strategic the degree to have devices, wepons which can a voice in the oamnunity and help women gain control over their lives." The New Transcentury Foundation. Results of the National Participants of Foyers Fnins Census of the Morocco: of the Promotion Feninine The New Transoentury Foundation, - 1981. Rabat, nized as 1981. This document follows: 1) Presentation of is orga­ and presentation reasons for starting the survey of nthodology used; 2) Socio-econamic participants in the Foyers profiles of the Feminins both on the national level; 3) Discussion of results and regional information by econcruic region, especially about employment, the curriculun regarding socio-econcdvc of the center and the characteristics of the participants. oussef, Nadia H. Women and Their Professional Training Future: An Assessment Needs and Training Programs of Agency for International in orocco. Washington, Development, 1978. D.C.: 1) Highlights This report is in 4 sections: saome of the realities of the the educational marginality educational system by stressing withdrawal in NIbroco which is produced at all scholastic levels; by failure and of training 2) Ccnmon themes in particular and segments cf the population areas 3) Brief review needing training programs; of opportunities for and constraints of xr.n in the against the progmotion Civil Service; 4) Brief discussion of the different of policy implications types of training programs. - 5 - SJcLioii Is

MATERIALS AVALABI lN WINSONsL1BRARY, LUIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, AND ABSTRACTED BY WIDRIC STAFF. SaC MATERIAL IS GERAL TO THE MJSLIM WORLD.

BOOKS Bullough, Vern L. The Subordinate Sex. Urbana, IL: Press, University of Illinois Chapter 7, pp. 134-152, 1973. This chapter elaborates irpact of Islam on the on women in male-centered Arab countries. It concludes that despite the sex-positive attitude of the Koran, continue women in Islam to be subjugated and regarded as inferior beings. attempts The author to explain tlhe causes for this sex-bias and examines of w the image as projected in Islamic literature. Cooper, Elizabeth. "The Woman of the Desert." New In The Haren and the Purdah. York: The Century C/cxpany, 1915, pp. 69-84. This collection impressions by a western of woman on the eastern women at the turn of the century starts with Egyptian women, at the beginning of the book, continues through and the Middle East to the Far East at the books conclusion. Dwyer, Daisy H. Images and Self-Images: Male and Female in Morocco. Columbia University : Press, 1978. The author considers why the maleness and femaleness images of among Moroccan man and women are pervasive and how these images buttress, and occasionally undermine, relations existing power betwen men and wmen. These images are based belief on the Moroccan that "males and females have continiingly opposed pathways develcpmental and thereby hold males and females to be always different.. .Each fundamentally sex forms an integral part of the others' social spiritual environment." and The male-female relationship may be undermined by the "notion of woman's efficacy confronting %.xxren'sdenigration, and of aoxuiescence mingling with protest." Fernea, Elizabeth and Basima Bezirgan, Eds. M,iddle Eastern Muslim Women Speak. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 197G. This is an anthology of Muslim .

Major topics include marriage, divorce, fostering children, and relatin­ ships among women. The author's conclusions are well summarized in the final chapter. Women are excluded from political and economic power, but have substantial power in less formal social systems. Thus between wcmen, both kinship and patron-client relationships are strong and important. The status of women varies by age and by class, patterns not unlike those seen in Western society.

Mernissi, Fatima. Beyond the Veil: Male-Female Dynamics in a Modern Muslim Society. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Co., Inc., 1975. To understand the sexual dynamics of the Mislim world, a contrast is made between the way woman are treated in the Muslim East and the way they are treated in the Christian West. The -uthor maintains that sexual inequality is the basis of both systems. The male-female relationship is also explored as an entity within the Muslim system. The author suggests that the "Muslim system is not so much opposed to women as to the heterosexual unit. What is feared is the growth of the involverent between a man and a w.man... Such an involverent constitutes a direct threat to the man's allegiance to Allah, which should be the unconditional investment of the man's energies, thoughts, and feelings in his God." hMorris, Constance Lilly. Behind Moroccan Walls. New York: Books for Library Press, 1970. "This volume is made up of a selaction of short stories from two volumes by Mie. Henritte Celarie. Maours Marccaines and La Vie Mysterieuse des Harens, Librairie Hachetter, 1927. 7They are sketches more than short stories, attempting to show without preamble cross-sections of native Morcccan wcmen's lives (in the late 1920s) as told to and discovered by the wife of a French officer living for years in that country.. Under these circumstances, she had many opportunities to study the intimate life of the country at close range." The.e stories will provide a hiistorical perspective of women in Moroccan society.

*locatd at the St. Paul Campus Library ifQ1170 M46 **located at Walter storage 844C328 9JB

ARTICLES

Boutaour, A. "Rural Developrent in the Region of Marrakesh." Cammunity Developient Jourrnal, 14, No. 1 (1915), pp. 41-47. This study reveals the 'JLree categories of people neglected by administrative action in agriculture: peasants who do not own land; youth; and womxen. The prog-ammes and problems of the Office du Haouz (a parastatal centre for agricultural developrent within the area around Marrakesh) are descTibed with respect to these people. The status of women in Marrakesh is dis­ cussed, as well as their productivity. Program - Ptogress and Problems. Brown, George F. "Moroccan Family Planning No. 2 (1968), PP. 627-631. Since the oncept Of family Dmography., 5, hesitant and policy new to Morocco, public discussion is planning is and do not influen-e tentative. Results have been modest rains program is proposed to create a demographic trends. A family planning significant nation-wide program. Women." DA; Non-formal Roles of Moroccan Village Davis, Susan S. "Formal & This research is 5489A (University of Michigan). 40, No. 20 (1980), in anthropologi­ two problems: a general lack of clarity concerned with and their point of view, which atterpts to include females cal analysis on traditional Moroccan women pre­ and a specific dearth of information sented in the literature. in Conflict Conceptions of Conflict and Variability Dwyer, D.H. "Cultural Conflict Resolution (Cecember A Moroccan Example." Journal of Boundaries: conflict situations, the con- pp. 663-686. This paper analyzes 1976), Moroccan exarle. flict chain of events, using a Attitudes Towards Work by "Wen and Professions in Morocco: Forget, Nelly,. Social Science Journal, 14 (1962), Women in Morocco." Intertiational team. The aim of a Frendli-Mroccan research pp. 92-129. Research report the status of women was to identify attitudes regarding of the research reference to qu.stions relating present-day Morocco, with particular an in limits of what can be observed in to professional work within the urban environment. in the Arab Worid." Murentun of the Feminist Movement Graziani, Joseph. "The pp. 26-33. Describes the Review, No. 2 (Winter 1974-75), Middle East Arab world, and bow the femi­ women in the pre- to post-Islamic movement status of It relates the progress of the movement was started by nn. which nist reviews the social and legal changes to the present day, aid briefly have occurred. Jounal & Strategy in Berber Marriage." Joseph, Roger. "Sexual Dialectics This paper 7, No. 3 (1976), pp. 471-481. Studies, realms, can be SFamily Berber society, at least. in som demonstrates that and that decision making as having a bilateral nature, characterized sexual dialectic between men and among Berbers is part of an ongoing women. of Morocco." Man, 9, & Property in the Middle Atlas Maher, Vanessa. "Divorce capital accuralation pp. 103-122. The relationship between No. 1 (1974), significance of marriage and the different social groups and the in groups is traced in this article. frequency of divorce in these

Eastern and Private Politics: Women in the Middle Nelson, Cynthia. "Public An analysis Ethnologist, 1, No. 3 (974), pp. 551-560. World." American hw ixmge of women and literature on Middle Eastern women and the of the female ethnographers. power is viewed differently by male and -8-

Nouacer, Khadidja. "Changing Morocco.- Status of W 13. International and the Eploet ne e4ssayn social of Wcirn in On Professional woienceJournal influe of working r 14 NO. 1(1962), p.124­ professijonal education; of Public in Morocco1 which eployment. opinion; and includes the Opinins the access of the prestige attached held 'I different Wmien to to the different social Papanek, professions classes, and Hanna. "Wmlen are discussed. Field Workers 23, No. 2, pp. 160-163. in a Purdah A short discussion Society." wcei field workers on the role H Or i.e., anthropologist doctor, fHeumani ztion, develo1ent teacher, Village Worker, etc. in a Purdah society, fle Ras-cam, Areal- Middl Eatrl "WCUm n Mdeecrksi12 ( Stndiersj12 0), pp. 171-179 cgOer in Morocco'" International s esy exaneJournalof and athescts p patternsof eth of3 domesticsc- 0 wxriinteractions­ "althoughtior u patriarchalw14re Morcco that~n te r rs o may extendedhave no authorityhousehold. operatef thwithine f am ilial ro i in at society, the tradi­les is based onthey the do not neces­ sarily prenise that lack in influence *Rosen, or power., , Lawrence. "A Moroccan A Jewish Camrnuity tericanScholar, 37 During the Middle cooi (1968a) pp. Eastern Crisis. with an analysis5-451. A brief hi of relationship y oeis and Jews during the Seven Day War. between MusliJs Vincr of t- s tw s ' Areal & John Morocco: Waterbuy "Situations An Alternative Of Contested . , •rareurk.e Legitimc i grup13 (1971),.st pp. 32-59 Ca ativeStudies grops in MrooMorocco'in analysis in Sciey & are which drew the and discu d sin 1) the most efficicnt folling conclusion: of security way to deal with security groups material scarcity, atlfe.t and 2) life. to cope with the an increasing Polarization K'ssink, M.W. of Moroccan Graef f "C political of Marriaeand inin Survey theFa on Mixed Marriages indtitaindripaesntk ' L­' rlv29, No. in =-Qei. .marria. mariagu 3,. 89s MOr en Moroccopp. 578-89'.'_Results o Journa- rpresent and future is Of great of resear h int.llectual Moroccan society. social significance elites It is perceived as an important factor by yceng of L.Ssic Promoting the transformation Webster, non-ms and values. S.K. "zrcen, Journal Sex, and Marriage of MiddleL'----" o~ in !vbrcca East udi --e, 14, NO- 2 U1982), Proverbs No. 2rc Prvrb)pp. 173-184.-bInt availablj7 o- abstracting."t , nNte14, "St-IMrarckEd'~rard. "marriage 5, (1912), p. 187-201. Ceremonies in Moroco. , A short paper ; Soc.. cerelonies describing.. ." of the early 19 00s. -c al ReRe . M ociroakgjnarriage

*Available in the Education Library. -9-

Youssef, Nadia. "Differential Labor Force Participation American and of Women in Latin Middle Eastern Countries: The istics." Social influence of Family Character­ Forces, 51, No. 2 (1972), pp. 135-153. that the estimlation of Research concludes the female power potential in three countries shows that if women Middle Eastern in these societies had the same to be employed as womien in Latin propensity femle America, the overall non-agricultural activity rate would increase three-fold in Morocco, five-fold in Egypt, and seven-fold in Pakistan. Youssef, Nadia. "Social Structures and the Female Labor Women Workers in Force: The Case of Muslim Eastern Countries." D pp. 427-39. Report h , No. 4 (1971), on a ccoparative analysis of the opportunities imposed by males occupational in Latin American and Middle Eastern tries. coun­ - 10 - Section C

MATERIALS IN THIS SECTION ARE AVAILABE ESEWHERE FOR THOSE WHO WISH TO PURZUE THE TOPIC FURTHER. MATERIAIS EXTEND TO OTHER COUNTRIES IN THE MUSLIM WDRID.

3KS

.irchill, Charles W. "The Arab World." In Women in the Modern World. Ed. Raphael Patai, New York: The Free Press, 19C7, pp. 106-127. Churchill examines the position of wmn, past arid present, in the Arab world. The changing status of women, Churchill states, is primarily due to Wsterni­ *zation. The author finds wn in Egypt to be the most politically involved, but sees wmen all over Uhe Arab world becoming more involved in the life of this region. (iL.ME & NA) grams, Doreen. "The Position of Women in Middle Eastern Society." In The Middle East - A Handbook. Ed. Michael Adams, New York: Praeger, 1971 pp. 526-31. iy, Reuben. "The Status of Wcmen in Islam." In The Social Structure of Islam. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1965, pp. 91-134. Levy discusses the status of women in "islim society before and after Muhammed; before, women were in ocmplete subjugation to males, whereas today, wcmen have the right to be properly clothed and fed although they still have no rights over their personal property. The author discusses Muhammed's views on marriage, polygamy, divorce, etc. (W-ME & NA) .nissi, Fatima. "The Moslem World: Women Excluded from Development." In Women and World Development. Ed. Irene Tinker et al, New York: Overseas Development Council, 1976, pp. 35-44. Mrnissi contends that the status of women is quite similar in all of the Muslim world. She reasons that it will only be through ccnplete political and legal action that women will be fully integrated into modern society. (-ME & NA)

.son, Cynthia. "Women and Power in Nardic Societies of the Middle East." In The Desert and the Town. Ed. iden, Berkeley, CA: , Institute of International Studies, Research Series No. 21, 1973, pp. 43-59. Nelson describes the current perception of nomadic societies as being those in which woren have no control and are, in fact, controlled by men. She explains the falsity of this idea by giving evidence of wcnen's power on an "inside" level - which is often not recognized or not understood by outsiders. (W-ME & NA)

:ssef, Nadia. Muslim Women and Agricultural Production: Are They Undercounted or Actually Dispensable? 1974. Available fran: Population Research LaIoratory, Department of Sociology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007. (WID-AB#l)

.ssef, Nadia Haggag. Women and Work in Developing Societies. Berkeley: University of California, Institute of Internationrl Studies, Population Monograph Series, No. 15, 1974. Youssef describes the agricultural in­ volverent of wcmen in Latin American and Middle Eastern societies by studying and compiling data about social and cultural aspects of the different nations. The data reveal a higher level of participation in non-agricultural professions by women in Latin America, due primarily, Youssef concludes, to the breakdown of strong famnily ties and increased access to education. (W-ME & NA) 911- 410

mwOEM 1 7,)I

A.ag~"Stamtus off ;kxrhPositinn o 4me AlinthadC si, o. 2 1971)',-ul

Word." Al-Ittiha~!l3 (1976)''p 18-26.' Th'author tries to,explain'~~' an oi ~iw the position ofWrie statigtht,;lis necessary, tb'understa t pesonality of a Mltii' and t-heiiidal, fits 4irnt6 Islaic oi~y (W-ME &NA) ' ' * - Farag,, Osmrh L. .Aa ninand ,National Develcpwrt." ILes Carnets d&C~-' 'ne23 (1973) Fp.-87-. Farrag _ volvingorxen' e1lii tat the. iportanceof ' iwinational develcpent schms .has' to do'mne'with the zaiio "htiian resources than 'it does ,with. the Western idea of"~r~~s~lieiatioi." ,He 'cites education, wsien' s~organization, n C)Lil aefclte~sbingfactor 'which enourage fealae particip'ation~ ,'J

"Vn'the 'socit'. (W+ &NA) 4'

E'ree-n, ~ c~"h Woman' ont~Tractor, Where is She 'Now?" Israel tZaaine, V rbo. 9 (1973) , pp.', 79-84. Freedman presents the argumet that f - %ITrin in Isral a1renot, ,and have, never been, treated eua11y as compared' ~She pints out -that wTmn are consistently employed in traditional' ccupations; ,in' th)e Iarmy and in the kibbutz,' and are, discriminated again'st

'4 '44 iarid, ,N Muslim:Wa~n Role and 9 4 Responsibility." AL -Ittihad: 11, No. 3 (1 7 )'i' pp., 13-4. .Harrid discusses, he personality of the "liberated" -,,, Muslimnumn'as bein~g confused, unhappy,. and dissatisfied' as a result of not-prpery,.unersandngher,role "as a waman. Haried' stresses the inprtace reaiingf~inie qualities in the pirocess of be- ~

'Jpelh4Mra~~ "The Femi~nist Mvrrnt Versus the Muslim W3nan.' Al-Ittihad, ~11, No.1,l(1973Y, pp., 13-16., Jane'elah, after adiscussion of emru st lCbvint :in the Unlited-States, points'out why the influence of ,this move-~', ~r~i'ta~a-negative' effect'bn Muslim vxxen' bcueithaen the struc -'" 4-. t'ure oMuslin14society'and a woman',s~role within this society. '(W-2&N) t,,,ernisi atm.,:"W*drin,' Saints, and Sanctuaries." Signs, 3, No. 1 (1977), '"- 4

ai iRsnay '!hChnigLife of Arab Womein." Middle East, 8 (1968), - 'Jij

~pp 9~2 ~ i" ' -"-' *- ''4'', . " - 12 -

Stevens, H. and A.M. Jeay. "Wrmen fran African Agricultural and Meiiterranean Countries: Work of Wom in Poor Regions of the Mediterranean African Countries." Socioloia and ruralis, 18, No. 4 (1978), pp. 235-244. (CS-Aricola) Van Dusen, ixxn A. "TV Study of Women in the Middle East: Sare Thughts." MESA Bulletin (May 1976), pp. 1-20. Vinogradov, Areal. "French Colonialism as Reflected in action in Morocco." the Male-FEmale Inter­ Transactions of the New York Academy Series II, 36, No. of Sciences, 2 (1974), pp. 192-199. The author sees intervention as being French Colonial the reason for the high tension betweI*en ren and wuren, due to cultural Moroccan iIfluences which have been imposed on These influe, ccs have been shown them. to be in conflict with traditional Arab values. (W-E &NA)" - 13 -

BIBLIOGRAPHIES OBTAINABLE IN THE RFEAME XOM IN WILSON LIBRARY

pa o al-Babar, Aghil M. The Study of Arab Women: A Bibliogrpahy of Bibliographies. 16.35 Monticello, 11: Vance Bibliographies, March Administration Series. 1980, p. 436, Public

al-Qazzaz, Ayad. Women in the Arab World: An Annotated Bibliography. Austin, Texas: Middle East Monographs, No. 2, 1977.

.3047 al-Qazzaz. Woman in the Middl. East and North Africa: An Annotated !2 Bibliograph Austin, T-xas: University of Texas Press, 1977.

Gulick, John and Margaret. An Annotated Bibliography of Scurces Concerned Women in t-e Modern with Middle East. Prinaton, NJ: Princeton Near East Paper #17, 1974.

Leconipte, Jean and Joel :ontague. A Preliminary Bibliography on Maternal and of the Literature Child Health anjFami_.y Planning inMrocco.. Chapel X-: University of Hill-, North Carolina, Population Studies Center, 1974.

-Bib Meghdassian, Samira Rafidi. The Satus of the ArabWnan: A 3electBibliograph r2.3045 Vstport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1980.

.3047 Raccagni, Michelle. The Modern Arab Wan. A Bibliography. The Scarecrow Press Inc., Metucheu, N.J. & London, 1978.

Rihani, May and May Ahdab-Yehia. A Bibliography of Recent Research Women in on Family and the Arab States. Beirut, Lebanon: Beirut University Institute College, for *en's Sc;udies in the Arab World, 1976.

LESCO. Bibliography of Recent Social Scienne Research on the Family in the Arab States. Paris, France: UNESCO, 1970.

Van Dusen, Raxann. Bibliography for Arab Countries on the Integration in Development with of Women Special Reference to Population Factors. Washington, D.C.: Agency for International Develcpent, 1975.