Penitrem a Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Penitrem and Thomitrem Formation by Penicillium Crustosum
Mycopathologia 157: 349–357, 2004. 349 © 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Penitrem and thomitrem formation by Penicillium crustosum Thomas Rundberget1, Ida Skaar1, Oloff O’Brien2 & Arne Flåøyen1 1National Veterinary Institute, PO Box 8156 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway; 2ARC Plant Protection, Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Pretoria 0001, South Africa Received 9 September 2002; accepted in final form 16 July 2003 Abstract The levels of penitrems A, B, C, D, E, F, roquefortine C and thomitrem A and E recovered from extracts of 36 Norwegian, 2 American and one each of Japanese, German, South African, Danish and Fijian isolates of Penicillum crustosum Thom were quantitatively determined using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Forty-two of the 44 isolates of penitrem-producing isolates grown on rice, afforded levels of thomitrem A and E comparable to that of penitrem A. Thomitrems A and E were also found, but at lower levels, when cultures were grown on barley. No thomitrems were found when the isolates were grown on liquid media. The effects of time and temperature on mycotoxin formation were studied on rice over a 4 week period at 10, 15 and 25 ◦C, respectively. No mycotoxins could be detected after 1 week at 10 ◦C, but after 2 weeks at 10 ◦C levels were similar to those produced at 15 and 25 ◦C. Higher levels of thomitrems A and E were detected when media were maintained at lower pH. The possibility that thomitrems A and E might be derived by acid promoted conversion of penitrems A and E was explored in stability trials performed at pH 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 in the presence and absence of media. -
(BK) Channel Antagonist Penitrem a As a Novel Breast Cancer-Targeted Therapeutic
marine drugs Article The Maxi-K (BK) Channel Antagonist Penitrem A as a Novel Breast Cancer-Targeted Therapeutic Amira A. Goda 1, Abu Bakar Siddique 1 ID , Mohamed Mohyeldin 1,3, Nehad M. Ayoub 2 ID and Khalid A. El Sayed 1,* ID 1 Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA; [email protected] (A.A.G.); [email protected] (A.B.S.); [email protected] (M.M.) 2 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; [email protected] 3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-318-342-1725 Received: 6 April 2018; Accepted: 9 May 2018; Published: 11 May 2018 Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease with different molecular subtypes. The high conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK, Maxi-K channels) play an important role in the survival of some BC phenotypes, via membrane hyperpolarization and regulation of cell cycle. BK channels have been implicated in BC cell proliferation and invasion. Penitrems are indole diterpene alkaloids produced by various terrestrial and marine Penicillium species. Penitrem A (1) is a selective BK channel antagonist with reported antiproliferative and anti-invasive activities against multiple malignancies, including BC. This study reports the high expression of BK channel in different BC subtypes. In silico BK channel binding affinity correlates with the antiproliferative activities of selected penitrem analogs. 1 showed the best binding fitting at multiple BK channel crystal structures, targeting the calcium-sensing aspartic acid moieties at the calcium bowel and calcium binding sites. -
Veterinary Toxicology
GINTARAS DAUNORAS VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY Lecture notes and classes works Study kit for LUHS Veterinary Faculty Foreign Students LSMU LEIDYBOS NAMAI, KAUNAS 2012 Lietuvos sveikatos moksl ų universitetas Veterinarijos akademija Neužkre čiam ųjų lig ų katedra Gintaras Daunoras VETERINARIN Ė TOKSIKOLOGIJA Paskait ų konspektai ir praktikos darb ų aprašai Mokomoji knyga LSMU Veterinarijos fakulteto užsienio studentams LSMU LEIDYBOS NAMAI, KAUNAS 2012 UDK Dau Apsvarstyta: LSMU VA Veterinarijos fakulteto Neužkre čiam ųjų lig ų katedros pos ėdyje, 2012 m. rugs ėjo 20 d., protokolo Nr. 01 LSMU VA Veterinarijos fakulteto tarybos pos ėdyje, 2012 m. rugs ėjo 28 d., protokolo Nr. 08 Recenzavo: doc. dr. Alius Pockevi čius LSMU VA Užkre čiam ųjų lig ų katedra dr. Aidas Grigonis LSMU VA Neužkre čiam ųjų lig ų katedra CONTENTS Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………… 7 SECTION I. Lecture notes ………………………………………………………………………. 8 1. GENERAL VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY ……….……………………………………….. 8 1.1. Veterinary toxicology aims and tasks ……………………………………………………... 8 1.2. EC and Lithuanian legal documents for hazardous substances and pollution ……………. 11 1.3. Classification of poisons ……………………………………………………………………. 12 1.4. Chemicals classification and labelling ……………………………………………………… 14 2. Toxicokinetics ………………………………………………………………………...………. 15 2.2. Migration of substances through biological membranes …………………………………… 15 2.3. ADME notion ………………………………………………………………………………. 15 2.4. Possibilities of poisons entering into an animal body and methods of absorption ……… 16 2.5. Poison distribution -
Incorporating Fermentation Into Undergraduate Laboratory Courses
Athens Journal of Sciences- Volume 2, Issue 4 – Pages 257-264 Incorporating Fermentation into Undergraduate Laboratory Courses By Claire Gober Madeleine Joullie† Laboratory courses in universities have a responsibility to introduce current research practices and trends in scientific research to adequately prepare students for work in the field. One such research practice gaining popularity in recent years is that of green chemistry. Since the 1960s, increasing concern over the release of toxic chemicals into the environment has led to a push for more environmentally responsible chemistry. A growing faction of chemists has begun to adopt methods to eliminate chemical waste and support green chemistry. Fermentation is an ideal technique to demonstrate environmentally sustainable chemistry in an undergraduate laboratory class. Fermentation of complex natural products, as opposed to traditional organic synthesis, is beneficial as it supports a number of principles of green chemistry; it is conducted at ambient temperature and pressure, uses inexpensive and innocuous materials, makes use of renewable resources, and does not require a fume hood. Skills implemented during fermentation can be easily taught to upper-level Chemistry and Biochemistry undergraduate students, who typically have limited exposure to complex natural products in their coursework. Such a course would be interdisciplinary in nature, incorporating fungal biology and metabolism as well as organic chemistry. Students would learn a variety of skills, including growth media selection and preparation, inoculation of fungal cultures, extraction of natural products, and purification and characterization of metabolites. Experiments of this nature would allow for discussions of several areas of research: green chemistry, natural products and their application to medicine, identification of functional groups in complex molecules by spectroscopy, and introduction to biochemistry and metabolism. -
Tremorgenic Mycotoxin Intoxication by Mary M
Tremorgenic mycotoxin intoxication by Mary M. Schell, DVM Dogs allowed to roam or get into the trash may ingest tremorgenic mycotoxins, which are neorotoxins that produce varying degrees of muscle tremors or seizures that can last for hours or days. Since 1998, the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) has consulted on 25 cases of suspected tremorgenic mycotoxin intoxication in dogs and one in a squirrel. Sources of tremorgenic mycotoxins for household pets have included moldy dairy foods, moldy walnuts or peanuts, stored grains, and moldy spaghetti. 1-7 These toxic secondary metabolites of many fungi vary in quantity and in their ability to produce clinical effects. Toxin production depends on seasonal growing conditions as well as the genus and species of the mold. At least 20 mycotoxins have been identified as tremorgens (compounds capable of inducing serious muscle tremor in one or more vertebrates), although only a few have been shown to have clinical relevance.3,8 Penicillium species are most often incriminated in producing tremorgenic mycotoxins; the most common are penitrem-A and roquefortine C.1,3,6,8 Intoxication with these mycotoxins has been documented in many animals, including dogs, cattle, sheep, rabbits, poultry, and rodents. Several mechanisms of action have been proposed, and the mechanism may vary both between toxins and the individual susceptible species. Penitrem-A inhibits the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine in mice. Studies in mice have shown that drugs such as mephenesin or nalorphine, which increase glycine -
Roquefortine C (SML0406)
Roquefortine C from Penicillium roqueforti Catalog Number SML0406 Storage Temperature –20 °C CAS RN 58735-64-1 Precautions and Disclaimer Synonym: Roquefortine This product is for R&D use only, not for drug, household, or other uses. Please consult the Material Safety Data Sheet for information regarding hazards and safe handling practices. Preparation Instructions Roquefortine C is soluble in methanol (10 mg/mL), DMSO (10 mg/mL), ethyl acetate (1 mg/mL), and chloroform (1 mg/mL). Storage/Stability Store the product sealed at –20 °C. Under these conditions the product is stable for at least 4 years. A DMSO solution (10 mg/mL) is stable for 3 months at Product Description –20 °C. Molecular formula: C22H23N5O2 Molecular weight: 389.45 References 1. Kopp-Holtwiesche, B., and Rehm, H.J., Roquefortine C is a paralytic neurotoxin with a Antimicrobial action of roquefortine. J. Environ. dioxopiperazine structure produced by a diverse range Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol., 10, 41-44 (1990). 1 of fungi, most notably Penicillium species. It has been 2. Wagener, R.E. et al., Penitrem A and Roquefortine 2 found in blue cheese and in many other food products Production by Penicillium commune. App. Environ. 3 due to natural occurrence and contamination. Microbiol., 39, 882-887 (1980). 3. Shangguan, N. et al., The total synthesis of Roquefortine C was found to be active on a wide range roquefortine C and a rationale for the of organisms. It inhibits the growth of Gram-positive thermodynamic stability of isoroquefortine C over bacteria, and cockerels treated with roquefortine lost roquefortine C. J. Am. -
Tremorgenic Mycotoxins: Structure Diversity and Biological Activity
toxins Review Tremorgenic Mycotoxins: Structure Diversity and Biological Activity Priyanka Reddy 1,2, Kathryn Guthridge 1, Simone Vassiliadis 1 , Joanne Hemsworth 1, Inoka Hettiarachchige 1, German Spangenberg 1,2 and Simone Rochfort 1,2,* 1 Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; [email protected] (P.R.); [email protected] (K.G.); [email protected] (S.V.); [email protected] (J.H.); [email protected] (I.H.); [email protected] (G.S.) 2 School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 24 April 2019; Accepted: 22 May 2019; Published: 27 May 2019 Abstract: Indole-diterpenes are an important class of chemical compounds which can be unique to different fungal species. The highly complex lolitrem compounds are confined to Epichloë species, whilst penitrem production is confined to Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. These fungal species are often present in association with pasture grasses, and the indole-diterpenes produced may cause toxicity in grazing animals. In this review, we highlight the unique structural variations of indole-diterpenes that are characterised into subgroups, including paspaline, paxilline, shearinines, paspalitrems, terpendoles, penitrems, lolitrems, janthitrems, and sulpinines. A detailed description of the unique biological activities has been documented where even structurally related compounds have displayed unique biological activities. Indole-diterpene production has been reported in two classes of ascomycete fungi, namely Eurotiomycetes (e.g., Aspergillus and Penicillium) and Sordariomycetes (e.g., Claviceps and Epichloë). -
Ketabton.Com (C) Ketabton.Com: the Digital Library
Ketabton.com (c) ketabton.com: The Digital Library ټوکسيکولوژي اثـــر: Hans Marquardt Siegfried G. Schafer Roger O. McClellan Frank Welsch ژباړن: عبدالکريم توتاخېل ۴۹۳۱ل کال (c) ketabton.com: The Digital Library د کتاب نوم: ټوکسيکولوژي ژباړن: عبدالکريم توتاخېل خـپرونـدی: د افغانستان ملي تحريک، فرهنګي څانګه وېــبپـاڼـه: www.melitahrik.com ډيـزايـنګر: ضياء ساپی پښتۍ ډيزاين: فياض حميد چــاپشمېـر: ۰۱۱۱ ټوکه چــاپـکـــال: ۰۹۳۱ ل کال/ ۵۱۰۲م د تحريک د خپرونو لړ: )۱۰( (c) ketabton.com: The Digital Library فهرست عنوان مخ مخکنۍ خبرې...................................................................................................الف د ژباړن سريزه.........................................................................................................ب لمړی فصل )کیمیاوي او بیولوژيکی عاملین(..............................................1 کیمیاوي عاملین ..............................................................................................1 بیولوژيکي عاملین ......................................................................................۲۶ دويم فصل )طبعي مرکبات(..........................................................................۵۸ پېژندنه ..............................................................................................................۵۸ د حیواناتو زهر)وينوم( او وينوم ..................................................................۵۲ د پروتوزوا او الجیانو توکسینونه...............................................................1۶۱ مايکوتوکسینونه .............................................................................................1۱۱ -
Occurrence and Properties of Thiosilvatins
marine drugs Review Occurrence and Properties of Thiosilvatins Maria Michela Salvatore 1 , Rosario Nicoletti 2,3 , Marina DellaGreca 1 and Anna Andolfi 1,* 1 Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80126 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (M.M.S.); [email protected] (M.D.) 2 Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, 81100 Caserta, Italy; [email protected] 3 Department of Agriculture, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80055 Portici, Italy * Correspondence: andolfi@unina.it; Tel.: +39-081-2539179 Received: 27 September 2019; Accepted: 21 November 2019; Published: 26 November 2019 Abstract: The spread of studies on biodiversity in different environmental contexts is particularly fruitful for natural product discovery, with the finding of novel secondary metabolites and structural models, which are sometimes specific to certain organisms. Within the large class of the epipolythiodioxopiperazines, which are typical of fungi, thiosilvatins represent a homogeneous family that, so far, has been reported in low frequency in both marine and terrestrial contexts. However, recent observations indicate that these compounds have been possibly neglected in the metabolomic characterization of fungi, particularly from marine sources. Aspects concerning occurrence, bioactivities, structural, and biosynthetic properties of thiosilvatins are reviewed in this paper. Keywords: thiosilvatins; secondary metabolites; diketopiperazines; epipolythiodioxopiperazines; fungi; biological activities 1. Introduction A huge chapter on research on biodiversity is represented by studies concerning the biochemical properties of the manifold organisms which are part of natural ecosystems. Novel secondary metabolites are continuously discovered, disclosing a surprising chemodiversity in terms of both structural and biosynthetic aspects. -
Fungal Glossary
FUNGAL GLOSSARY Absidia Natural Habitat ♦ Soil ♦ Decaying vegetation Suitable Substrates in the ♦ Often found in stored grains Indoor Environment ♦ Other foods Water Activity ♦ Unknown Mode of Dissemination ♦ Air / wind Allergenic Potential ♦ Recognized as an allergen Potential Opportunist ♦ In immunocompromised patients pulmonary invasions, the meninges (brain or or Pathogen spinal chord), and kidney infections can result from Absidia exposure ♦ Absidia may also cause zygomycosis in immunocompromised patients (AIDS) Industrial Uses ♦ Unknown Potential Toxins Produced ♦ Unknown Other Comments ♦ Absidia often causes food spoilage References ♦ Mohammed S, Sahoo TP, Jayshree RS, Bapsy PP, Hema S. Sino-oral zygomycosis due to Absidia corymbifera in a patient with acute leukemia. 2004. Med. Mycol. 42(5): 475-478. www.LATesting.com 1-800-303-0047 FUNGAL GLOSSARY Acremonium Natural Habitat ♦ Found in decaying or dead plant materials ♦ Soils Suitable Substrates in the ♦ Food Indoor Environment ♦ Commonly encountered in wet, cellulose-based building materials Water Activity ♦ Grows well indoors when there is high water content (>0.90 Aw). Mode of Dissemination ♦ Insect/water droplet ♦ Older spores can be dislodged by wind Allergenic Potential ♦ Type I (hay fever, asthma) ♦ Type III (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) Potential Opportunist ♦ Known to cause hyalohyphomycosis, keratitis, mycetoma, and onychomycosis or Pathogen ♦ Also known to cause infections in immunodeficient patients ♦ Causes infections in persons with wound injuries Industrial Uses -
“Role of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in Propofol Induced Vasodilation”
“Role of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in Propofol Induced Vasodilation” A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Sayantani Sinha November, 2013 Dissertation written by Sayantani Sinha B.S., University Of Calcutta, Kolkata, India, 2000 M.S., University Of Calcutta, Kolkata, India, 2002 M.Phil., Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India, 2006 Ph.D., Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA 2013 Approved by Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Derek S. Damron, Ph.D. Member, Doctoral Dissertation Commitee Ian N. Bratz, Ph.D. Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Charles K. Thodeti, Ph.D. Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee J. Gary Meszaros, Ph.D Graduate Faculty Representative Mao Hanbin, Ph.D. Accepted by Chair, School of Biomedical Sciences Eric Mintz, Ph.D. Dean, College of Arts and Sciences Janis H. Crowther, Ph.D. ii Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………………………………........iv LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………………....................vii DEDICATION……………………………………………………………………………………………viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………………………............ix CHAPTER1: SPECIFIC AIMS & BACKGROUND….…………………………………………………1 Hypothesis…………………………………………………………………………………………………2 Background………………………………………………………………………………………………..4 CHAPTER 2: AIM 1: To determine the role of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in propofol induced depressor responses in-vivo Background and Rationale……………………………………………………………………………..34 Materials and Methods………………………………………………………………………………....37 Results……………………………………………………………………………………………………41 -
By Penicillium Paneum Frisvad and Penicillium Roqueforti Thom Isolated from Baled Grass Silage in Ireland
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Online Research Database In Technology 9268 J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54, 9268−9276 Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites Produced in Vitro by Penicillium paneum Frisvad and Penicillium roqueforti Thom Isolated from Baled Grass Silage in Ireland MARTIN O’BRIEN,*,†,# KRISTIAN F. NIELSEN,‡ PADRAIG O’KIELY,† PATRICK D. FORRISTAL,§ HUBERT T. FULLER,# AND JENS C. FRISVAD‡ Teagasc, Grange Beef Research Centre, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland; Center for Microbial Biotechnology, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Co. Carlow, Ireland; and School of Biology and Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland Secondary metabolites produced by Penicillium paneum and Penicillium roqueforti from baled grass silage were analyzed. A total of 157 isolates were investigated, comprising 78 P. paneum and 79 P. roqueforti isolates randomly selected from more than 900 colonies cultured from bales. The findings mostly agreed with the literature, although some metabolites were not consistently produced by either fungus. Roquefortine C, marcfortine A, and andrastin A were consistently produced, whereas PR toxin and patulin were not. Five silage samples were screened for fungal metabolites, with two visually moldy samples containing up to 20 mg/kg of roquefortine C, mycophenolic acid, and andrastin A along with minor quantities (0.1-5 mg/kg) of roquefortines A, B, and D, festuclavine, marcfortine A, and agroclavine. Three visually nonmoldy samples contained low amounts of mycophenolic acid and andrastin A.