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Theory of the Beautiful Game: the Unification of European Football
Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 54, No. 3, July 2007 r 2007 The Author Journal compilation r 2007 Scottish Economic Society. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main St, Malden, MA, 02148, USA THEORY OF THE BEAUTIFUL GAME: THE UNIFICATION OF EUROPEAN FOOTBALL John Vroomann Abstract European football is in a spiral of intra-league and inter-league polarization of talent and wealth. The invariance proposition is revisited with adaptations for win- maximizing sportsman owners facing an uncertain Champions League prize. Sportsman and champion effects have driven European football clubs to the edge of insolvency and polarized competition throughout Europe. Revenue revolutions and financial crises of the Big Five leagues are examined and estimates of competitive balance are compared. The European Super League completes the open-market solution after Bosman. A 30-team Super League is proposed based on the National Football League. In football everything is complicated by the presence of the opposite team. FSartre I Introduction The beauty of the world’s game of football lies in the dynamic balance of symbiotic competition. Since the English Premier League (EPL) broke away from the Football League in 1992, the EPL has effectively lost its competitive balance. The rebellion of the EPL coincided with a deeper media revolution as digital and pay-per-view technologies were delivered by satellite platform into the commercial television vacuum created by public television monopolies throughout Europe. EPL broadcast revenues have exploded 40-fold from h22 million in 1992 to h862 million in 2005 (33% CAGR). -
The Effect of the UEFA Champions League Financial Payout System on Competitive Balance in European Soccer Leagues
The Effect of the UEFA Champions League Financial Payout System on Competitive Balance in European Soccer Leagues Nathan A. Vestrich-Shade Advised by: Timothy Lambie-Hanson Senior Thesis in Economics Haverford College April 28, 2016 Abstract The paper examines the effect of UEFA Champions League payouts on competitive balance across European leagues. A league-level specification identifies the magnitude of the effect of the UEFA payouts on three measures of competitive balance. The results confirm that the UEFA payouts have a statistically significant effect at the league-level depending on which competitive balance measure and league sample is used. However, the UEFA payouts had no statistically significant effect on individual clubs’ average annual payroll or the clubs’ qualification for the Champions League in the following season. Nathan Vestrich-Shade Table of Contents Section I: Introduction………………………………………………….........................................3 Section II: Literature Review……………………………………………………………………...4 Section III: Data…………………………………………………………………………………...9 Section IV: Methodology………………………………………………………………………...12 Section V: Results………………………………………………………………………………..15 Section VI: Discussion…………………………………………………………………………...19 Section VII: Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….23 Appendix…………………………………………………………………………………………24 References………………………………………………………………………………………..40 2 Nathan Vestrich-Shade Section I: Introduction Over the years, select clubs in European domestic soccer leagues tend to “control” the spots at the top of the end-of-season -
Annual Financial Review of Scottish Premier League Football Season 2010-11 Contents
www.pwc.co.uk/scotland Calm before the storm Scottish Premier League Football 23nd annual financial review of Scottish Premier League football season 2010-11 Contents Introduction 3 Profit and loss 6 Balance sheet 18 Cashflow 24 Appendix one 2010/11 the season that was 39 Appendix two What the directors thought 41 Appendix three Significant transfer activity 2010/11 42 Introduction Welcome to the 23rd annual PwC financial review of the Scottish Premier League (SPL). This year’s report includes our usual in-depth analysis of the 2010/11 season using the clubs’ audited accounts. However, we acknowledge that given the dominance of Rangers1 demise over recent months, these figures may be looked at with a new perspective. Nevertheless, it is important to analyse how the SPL performed in season 2010/11 with Rangers and explore the potential impact the loss of the club will have on the league. Red spells danger? Notwithstanding the storm engulfing The impact the wider economy has had The Scottish game has never been Rangers, the outlook for season on football – as well as other sports - under more intense financial pressure. 2010/11 was one of extreme caution. shouldn’t be ignored. The continuing This analysis reinforces the need for squeeze on fans’ disposable incomes member clubs to continue seeking out Amidst fears of a double dip recession has meant that additional spending on effective strategies in order to operate within the wider economy, SPL clubs areas outside of the traditional season on a more sustainable financial footing, continued to further reduce their cost ticket package – from additional including cutting costs in the absence bases, particularly around securing domestic cup games to merchandise – of new revenue streams. -
News Release
News release Contact: George Parrett 020 7007 7285 [email protected] European football market exceeds €25 billion for the first time as the ‘big five’ leagues continue to drive growth The European football market generated €25.5bn in revenues in the 2016/17 season, according to Deloitte’s Annual Review of Football Finance The 27th edition covers all of the ‘big five’ European leagues in detail with further insight into others across Europe; The ‘big five’ European leagues generated a record €14.7bn in revenue in 2016/17, a 9% increase from the previous year; The German Bundesliga remains the best attended European league, with average crowds of over 44,000; Broadcasting rights values continue to drive the growth, with new cycles in England, Spain and France significantly boosting financial returns for top-flight clubs; In revenue terms, the Premier League is 86% larger than its nearest competitor, Spain’s La Liga, which is now the second-biggest league in Europe, usurping the Bundesliga; Changes to UEFA’s competition entry criteria will help Italy grow in the future whilst announcement of new broadcast arrangement in France provides confidence for medium term growth in Ligue 1. The European football market has exceeded €25bn in revenue for the first time, according to the 27th Annual Review of Football Finance from the Sports Business Group at Deloitte. The 4% increase from 2015/16 was predominantly driven by the ‘big five’ European leagues, which saw combined revenues grow by €1.3bn (9%) to €14.7bn in 2016/17. Growth was not restricted to those biggest leagues, however, with non-big five leagues also seeing revenue increases, but at an inferior rate to that seen in England, France, Germany, Italy and Spain. -
Uefa Europa League
UEFA EUROPA LEAGUE - 2017/18 SEASON MATCH PRESS KITS Stadion FK Partizan - Belgrade Thursday 2 November 2017 19.00CET (19.00 local time) FK Partizan Group B - Matchday 4 KF Skënderbeu Team facts 2 Legend 4 1 FK Partizan - KF Skënderbeu Thursday 2 November 2017 - 19.00CET (19.00 local time) Match press kit Stadion FK Partizan, Belgrade Team facts FK Partizan Formed: 1945 Nickname: Crno-beli (Black-and-Whites) UEFA club competition honours (runners-up in brackets) • European Champion Clubs' Cup: (1966) Domestic honours (most recent triumph in brackets) League title: 27 (2017) Yugoslavian/Serbian Cup: 14 (2017) Ten-year European record (UEFA Europa League/UEFA Cup unless indicated otherwise) 2016/17: second qualifying round 2015/16: group stage (having transferred from UEFA Champions League play-offs) 2014/15: group stage (having transferred from UEFA Champions League third qualifying round) 2013/14: play-offs (having transferred from UEFA Champions League third qualifying round) 2012/13: group stage (having transferred from UEFA Champions League third qualifying round) 2011/12: play-offs (having transferred from UEFA Champions League third qualifying round) 2010/11: UEFA Champions League group stage 2009/10: group stage (having transferred from UEFA Champions League third qualifying round) 2008/09: group stage (having transferred from UEFA Champions League third qualifying round) 2007/08: first qualifying round Records UEFA club competition • Biggest home win 8-0: Partizan v Rhyl 21/07/09, UEFA Champions League second qualifying round second -
Danish Football Analysis
Danish Football Analysis Prepared by StatsBomb for DivisionsForeningen April 2019 Contents ● Executive Summary ● Introduction ● Data Clarifications ● Goals, xG and Shots ● Passing, Possessions & Dribbling ● Defending ● Formations ● Age Analysis ● Phases ● Conclusions Executive Summary This project uses football event data to compare the Danish Superliga, English Premier League and German Bundesliga over a five season period beginning in 2014-15. While professional football contains many strong similarities across different leagues, it is also clear that distinct differences exist and StatsBomb was able to draw them out by evaluating datasets for each league. ● Open Play: The Danish Superliga has kept pace with the Premier League in terms of goals, shots, and expected goals volumes, yet both leagues sit below the more action packed Bundesliga. There is also a lessened disparity between the top and bottom Danish teams in comparison to the other leagues. ● Set Pieces: Danish teams score more goals from set pieces than their counterparts in the Premier League and Bundesliga. This includes direct free kicks, corners or indirect free kicks and especially throw ins. The last of which they utilise to a notable extent. Weaker teams across all leagues rely heavily on set pieces, however stronger teams in Denmark get more out of them than their English and German peers. ● Passing: All leagues are moving towards a shorter passing, possession focused approach. Yet the Danish Superliga overall remains a more direct competition. Danish teams also use the wide areas more for creating chances. ● Age: The average age of players in the Danish Superliga is younger than the Premier League and, to a lesser extent, the Bundesliga. -
Uefa Europa League 2012/13 Season Match Press Kit
UEFA EUROPA LEAGUE 2012/13 SEASON MATCH PRESS KIT FK Partizan FC Rubin Kazan Group H - Matchday 6 FK Partizan, Belgrade Thursday 6 December 2012 21.05CET (21.05 local time) Contents Previous meetings.............................................................................................................2 Match background.............................................................................................................3 Team facts.........................................................................................................................4 Squad list...........................................................................................................................6 Fixtures and results...........................................................................................................8 Match-by-match lineups..................................................................................................11 Match officials..................................................................................................................13 Legend............................................................................................................................14 This press kit includes information relating to this UEFA Europa League match. For more detailed factual information, and in-depth competition statistics, please refer to the matchweek press kit, which can be downloaded at: http://www.uefa.com/uefa/mediaservices/presskits/index.html FK Partizan - FC Rubin Kazan Thursday 6 December 2012 -
Under-21 Championship
UNDER-21 CHAMPIONSHIP - 2013/15 SEASON MATCH PRESS KITS Stadion Letná - Prague Wednesday 17 June 2015 20.45CET (20.45 local time) Germany Group A - Matchday 1 Serbia Last updated 30/06/2015 09:23CET UEFA UNDER 21 OFFICIAL SPONSORS Match background 2 Legend 4 1 Germany - Serbia Wednesday 17 June 2015 - 20.45CET (20.45 local time) Match press kit Stadion Letná, Prague Match background Germany won the last time they faced Serbia on the opening day of the UEFA European Under-21 Championship and while they will hope of a repeat, they will be eager to avoid what followed. Previous meetings • Group A rivals Germany and Serbia have met only once in this competition, qualifying included: in the opening game of the 2006 final tournament. A 61st-minute goal from Eugen Polanski earned Germany a 1-0 win against what was then Serbia and Montenegro. • The teams at the Estádio Cidade de Barcelos on 23 May 2006 were: Serbia and Montenegro: Stojković, Ivanović, Stepanov, Biševac, Lomić, Basta, Krasić, Milovanović (Milijaš 68), Vukčević (Todorović 77), Janković (Purović 65), Vučinić. Germany: Rensing, Volz, Sinkiewicz, Matip, Fathi, Lehmann, Polanski (Castro 68), Schulz, Hilbert (Brzenska 90+2), Kiessling, Nando Rafael (Eigler 77). • The result was a false omen: Germany did not pick up another point and bowed out at the end of the group stage after finishing in a three-way tie for second behind France. Serbia and Montenegro went through on goal difference but lost 5-4 on penalties to Ukraine in the last four after a goalless 120 minutes. Match background • Germany have only gone beyond the last eight twice in nine previous final tournament appearances, in 1982 and 2009, meeting England in the final on each occasion. -
The Unintended Consequence of Financial Fair Play
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive The unintended consequence of Financial Fair Play: An examination of competitive balance across five European football leagues PLUMLEY, Dan <http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7875-0969>, RAMCHANDANI, Girish <http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-9382> and WILSON, Robert <http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9657-7570> Available from Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/22038/ This document is the author deposited version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it. Published version PLUMLEY, Dan, RAMCHANDANI, Girish and WILSON, Robert (2018). The unintended consequence of Financial Fair Play: An examination of competitive balance across five European football leagues. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal. Copyright and re-use policy See http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive http://shura.shu.ac.uk The unintended consequence of Financial Fair Play: An examination of competitive balance across five European football leagues Abstract Purpose This paper examines competitive balance in European football leagues before and after the inception of Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations by UEFA in 2011, designed to bring about financial stability and improve competitive balance in the European game. Design/Methodology/Approach Our research focuses on the top division football leagues in England (English Premier League), Germany (Bundesliga), France (Ligue 1), Italy (Serie A) and Spain (La Liga). The paper is organised into two distinct time periods: pre FFP, comprising the six seasons between 2005/06 and 2010/11; and post-FFP, comprising the six seasons between 2011/12 and 2016/17. -
Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………………… 1
Table of contents ………………………………………………………………………… 1 Preface …………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 Countries ranking into tiers.……………………………………………………… 2 Part 1: European baseball commonalities …………………………………………. 3 Schedule ………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Professionalism ………………………………………………………………….. 4 Amount of importing and importing limits ……………………………………… 5 Importing trends by position …………………………………………………….. 6 Background of imports …………………………………………………………... 8 Expectations/duties of imports ………………………………………………….. 11 Compensation & contract ……………………………………………………….. 11 Level of play in detail …………………………………………………………….. 13 The visa conundrum …………………………………………………………….. 16 Lifestyle ……………………………………………………………………………. 18 Part 2: Country by country breakdown ……………………………………………… 20 Austria …………………………………………………………………………….. 20 Belgium …………………………………………………………………………… 23 Czech Republic ………………………………………………………………….. 26 France …………………………………………………………………………….. 29 Germany ………………………………………………………………………….. 32 Interleague ……………………………………………………………………….. 35 Italy ……………………………………………………………………………….. 38 Netherlands ………………………………………………………………………. 41 Spain ……………………………………………………………………………… 44 Sweden …………………………………………………………………………… 47 Switzerland ………………………………………………………………………. 50 Euro Baseball League ………………………………………………………….. 53 European Baseball Summary ………………………………………………………… 56 Preface I have produced this eBook as an easy to use and comprehend stepbystep guide for someone who wishes to get the facts quickly so they can begin their pursuit of playing or coaching baseball in Europe. Use the table -
Effect of Investment on Financial and Sports Results Efekat Investiranja Na
Predrag Mijatović1 JEL:E22;M21;M40;L83;M21;C14;C61;D61 2 Vladan Pavlović DOI: 10.5937/industrija43-7548 Ljubiša Milačić3 UDC:658.14:[796.332:061.2(497.11)"2009/2012" 336.13 Case research 4 Effect of investment on financial and sports results Article history: Received: 14 January 2015 Sent for revision: 27 January 2015 Received in revised form: 3 March 2015 Accepted: 30 May 2015 Available online: 2 July 2015 Abstract: This study investigated the correlation between investment, financial results and sport results achieved and to evaluate the relative efficiency of Serbian football clubs. In this regard, two postulations were examined: firstly, investments in football clubs produce better sports results; secondly, investments in football clubs result in a stronger financial position. A correlation analysis and Data Envelopment Analysis (CCR model) were applied. Thirteen football clubs were included in the analysis, which represents eighty per cent of the Serbian Football League First Division Clubs. The study was conducted in the period 2009–2011that includes football seasons 2009-2010, 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. A strong positive correlation between investment and sport results was found only for the top football clubs, while the econometric regression did not show any correlation. The findings also show that there is no relation between investment and net income. The analysis of technical efficiency confirmed these findings, which revealed that the best football clubs are usually the farthest away from the efficiency frontier. Key words: -
Will Lopes Chief Executive Officer
H1 FY20 RESULTS BELL POTTER EMERGING COMPANIES CONFERENCE Will Lopes Chief Executive Officer CATAPULTSPORTS.COM 1 BELL POTTER EMERGING COMPANIES CONFERENCE IMPORTANT NOTICE This document may contain forward looking statements including plans and objectives. Do not place undue reliance on them as actual results may differ, and may do so materially. They reflect Catapult’s views as at the time made, are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to uncertainties and risks, such as those described in Catapult’s most recent financial report. Subject to law, Catapult assumes no obligation to update, review or revise any information in this document. While Catapult’s results are reported under IFRS, this document may also include non-IFRS information (such as EBITDA, contribution margin, free cash flow, annual recurring revenue (ARR), annualised contract value (ACV), lifetime duration (LTD), and churn). These measures are provided to assist in understanding Catapult’s financial performance. They have not been independently audited or reviewed, and should not be considered an indication of, or an alternative to, IFRS measures. The information in this document is for general information purposes only, and does not purport to be complete. It should be read in conjunction with Catapult’s other market announcements. Readers should make their own assessment and take professional independent advice prior to taking any action based on the information. Due to rounding, numbers presented throughout this document may not add up precisely to the