©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. - - - . . book can be purchased Hemisphere Eastern the Journey to The 2020 Summer Olympics will take place in in 2020 Summer Olympics will take place The 1 2 pendix 1). Tokyo, Japan July 23 - August 8, 2021. Japan July 23 - August Tokyo, learn aboutJapan? Why Nippon their country, know the Japanese name for Did you locate children your or Nthon, the sun of? Can means source much Japanese historyJapan on a map? How do you Summer Olympic game commentators season’s This know? de lack more facts, but may interesting will include many This of Japan. about the beautiful nation tailed information and turn them events take current to way study is a great learning opportunitiesinto under family will better your so fill 9-day to This study of Japan is designed stand the world. this unique country. can appreciate in the gaps so you Instructions excerpts the assigned Schedule the at and read 1. Look (included in Ap Hemisphere the Eastern Journey to from 1 Benagh, Jim. “The History of the Olympic Games.” Scholastic. Ac- 1 Benagh, Jim. “The History of the Olympic Games.” Scholastic. cessed January 15, 2020. https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/ teaching-content/history-olympic-games/ The complete 2 at sonlight.com/FH15 after reading after reading Pages Notebook the scheduled 2. Complete each excerpt. and answers. guidance parental for see the Notes 3. Finally, Enjoy! Introduction Olympic Games The History of and occurred Olympic Games Greece The Ancient began in during the ceased wars All centuries. for every years four a 183 m was competition oldest recorded The contest. include to expanded the Olympics Later footrace. (200 yd) discus spear throwing, jumping, activities such as wresting, the Games were In 394 AD, and chariot racing. throwing, I. Theodosius the Roman emperor ended by in 1896 through revived Olympics were modern day The de nobleman, Pierre French of a young the persistence be partCoubertin. would the Olympics He believed of a the Ancient incorporated that program educational great and of mind development of a balanced notion Greek the that Union des SportsThe agreed Athlétiques body. would then but in Greece would take place first Olympics The every years. other cities in the world to four move Summer and The in 1924. created Summer Olympics were but held in the same year, traditionally Games were Winter Winter the of both Olympics, size because of the increasing The schedule after1992. a different shifted to Games were still the are of events, with its wide array Summer Games, every of the modern Olympics and take place point focal years. four 2 3 8 20 Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey Tokyo, Japan Tokyo, Pierre de Coubertin Schedule Notes and Notebook Pages Appendix the Journey 1: to Excerpt Hemisphere Eastern Introduction Table of of Table Contents Copyright © 2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, © 2021 by Copyright RightsAll Reserved. in stored No part be reproduced, may of this publication any or by form in any or transmitted system, a retrieval recording, means—electronic, photocopy, mechanical, embodied in brief quotations for other—except or any without prior written critical articles reviews, or printed permission of the publisher. by Published Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, Way 8042 South Grant 80122-2705 CO Littleton, USA (303) 795-8668 (303) 730-6292 Fax Phone E-mail: [email protected] Introduction | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: 2 | Introduction ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Possible answers: The BigPicture of theNotebook Pages titledJapan The BigPicture (p. 9). Japan: The BigPicture (pp. fillinthesection 21-22).Next in thesection Read Day 1 Day (p. 8) Notebook Pages

(p. 20) Appendix 1 See Eastern Hemisphere Journey to the (p. 20) Appendix 1 See Eastern Hemisphere Journey to the (p. 8) Notebook Pages Day 1 aces traditional andwestern cultures 4. 3. uled by anemperor 2. 1.

The BigPicture High standar Embr Made upofv R Journey toJourney theEastern Hemisphere titled olcanic islands d ofliving through "Tokuga - wa House(1603)" The BigPicture & Japan's History Japan: The Big Japan: The Japan Timeline Picture Map It Map (#1–5) Day 6 Day Day 1 Day Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020|Schedule andNotes |3 Water andClimate of Japan &Land, Meet thePeopleMeet (1630's)" through "Seclusion Edicts Edicts "Seclusion "Imperialism Be "Imperialism Meet thePeopleMeet of Japan&Land, Water, andCli- Japan Timeline mate inJapan gins (1895)" in Japan (#6–9) Day 7 Day Day 2 Day Schedule Notes - Possible answers: thePeopleMeet ofJapan left). tion oftheNotebook Page withthesametitle(p. 12,top, thePeople Meet Read ofJapan (p. 23)andfillinthesec The map answer key isonp. 7. It Map excerpt to useasareference. map onp. 24intheJourneyto theEastern Hemisphere pp.See 10-11for theNotebook Pages to the fillin.See Day 2 Day Day 2 Day 1 World War I(1914)" Japan &Shintoism through "Modern Everyday Life in Japan &Shinto iscrimination againstKorean immigrants ow ethnicdiversity 2. 1. Everyday Life in Japan Timeline "Japan Enters

Challenges" (#10-13) Meet thePeopleMeet ofJapan D L Map It Map Day 8 Day Day 3 Day ment &Japanese Japanese Culture Japan's Govern- Government– Choose Your Adventure Culture Japan's Day 9 Day Day 4 Day

Enjoy watching the Summer Olympics! Japan's Wildlife & The Economy of You’re allDone! Japan's Wildlife– The Economy of Day 10 Day Japan Japan Day 5 Day - ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. - - - Japan's Wildlife Japan's of Japan Economy The Japan's Government Japan's Japanese Culture 5 5 4 4 Day Day Day Day Day 5 Day 4 employment rates, growing rice, fishing, large manufacturing large fishing, rice, growing rates, employment surpluses in Japan, or many industry cause that actually can high national are Weaknesses jobs in the service industry. restriction to of farmland, debt, aging population, small area resources. and energy and lack of mineral lumbering, er after recovering from World War II. Strengths are low un low are II. Strengths War World from er after recovering tion of the Notebook Page with the same title with the same title Page Notebook tion of the 13, middle of page). (p. 37-38) and fill in the section of (pp. Wildlife Read Japan’s with the same title Page the Notebook 13, middle of page). (p. Wildlife Japan's etc. cherry koi, cedars, blossoms, answers: Possible 38-41) and fill in the (pp. of Japan Economy Read The with the same title section Page of the Notebook of page). 13, bottom (p. of Japan The Economy pow economic a large into has grown Japan answers: Possible (pp. 33-34) and fill in the sec 33-34) and fill in the (pp. Government Read Japan’s Government Japan's with a powerful parliament and Answer: democratic, monarchy. constitutional 34-37) and fill in the section (pp. Culture Read Japanese with the same title Page of the Notebook 13, middle of page). (p. Japanese Culture arranging, flower gardening, ceremony, tea answers: Possible clay figures, calligraphy, sculpture, painting, architecture, - kara music, folk or rock puppets, large drama, dance, music, clothing, or traditional western of Genji, haiku, Tale The oke, or tea. sushi, restaurants, - ey islands actice Shintoism actice em errain, with numerous volcanoes with numerous errain, ed borders B Hav Hav O Most Japanese pr Has a class syst Mountainous t W Has no shar Made up of four k Has a lo Has a P tion towards the kami will inspire the kami to help you. help you. to the kami will inspire the kami tion towards for particular Japanese The thrown are kami. Festivals divine. was that the emperor believe used to set of guiding, ethical beliefs and rituals. Polytheistic Polytheistic beliefs and rituals. ethical set of guiding, behind life. the driving force spirits provide “kami” may Shintoism no specific beliefs, are there Because such as Buddhism. Devo with other religions coexist agriculture Shintoism Everyday Life in Japan Life Everyday Land, Water, and Climate in Japan and Climate Water, Land,

justa noofficialtexts, nofounder, eliefs: Nogod, 5. 3. 4. standards e highacademic good health verall 1. 2. usescooperative ofliving, e ahighstandard 3. 4. monsoons by eather influenced 1. 2. 5. Uses characters to write to 5. Uses characters 3. 4. areas urban incrowded eople live w birth rate 3 3 2 Day Day Day Day 3 | Schedule and Notes | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: 4 | Schedule and Notes Shintoism answers: Possible (pp. 31-32) and fill in the section of the (pp. Read Shintoism of page). 13, top with the same title (p. Page Notebook Everyday Life in Japan Everyday answers: Possible (pp. 27-33) and fill in the (pp. in Japan Life Read Everyday with the same title section Page of the Notebook right). 12, top, (p. (pp. 25-27) and (pp. in Japan and Climate Water, Read Land, with the same title fill in the section Page of the Notebook of page). 12, bottom (p. answers: Possible ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Possible answers: Timeline. Justfillintheboxes labeled6-9.(p. 15). Fill oftheNotebook Pages inthesection titledJapan TimelineJapan #6-9 Begins (1895)"(pp.through "Imperialism 45-49). ofJapan’s part Read (1630's)" Edicts "Seclusion History: Japan's History Possible answers: Timeline. Justfillintheboxes labeled1-5.(p. 14). Fill oftheNotebook Pages inthesection titledJapan TimelineJapan #1-5 titled ing thesection “Tokugawa House(1603).” ofJapan’s part Read (pp. History 41-44).Stop read after - Japan's History Day 7 Day 6 Day Day Day Day Day 7 7 6 6 4. 5. 3. he seclusion edicts expelled mostforeigners, expelled he seclusion edicts limited 6. 2. 1. he shogun sharedhe shogun power withthedaimyo; the leader,gun isa military originallyincharge just ens could notown private land, butworked on eveloped inKyushu, rice paddies, fired claywheels, ottery, ofclothing tools, polished types

Japan Timeline (#1–5) Japan Timeline through "TokugawaJapan's History House (1603)" Japan Timeline (#6–9) Japan Timeline Begins (1895)" –"Imperialism Edicts" "Seclusion lished capital citiesandaunifiedmilitary. over much farmland. maintenance ofmilitary, issuecurrency, andcontrol handledforeignshogun trade, mining, majorcities, with nocentral authority. form ofgovernment andresulted inwarring clans under theemperor. provided Shoguns anunstable government landandpaid taxes, theemperor estab divisions. used bronze andiron tools, weaved cloth,hadclass veloping art, butarigid feudalsystem ledto unrest. veloping art, led to internal growth withpracticing trades andde interaction withtheEuropean world untilmid-1800’s, T A sho Citiz D P T Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020|Schedule andNotes |5 - - Possible answers: 16). Japan Timeline. Fill oftheNotebook intherest Pages ofthesection titled TimelineJapan #10-13 (1914)" through Challenges"(pp. "Modern 49-53). therestRead ofJapan’s"JapanEnters World History: WarI Japan's History Day 8 Day Day Day 8 8 ook controlook ofTaiwan from Chinain1895to 9. gan: Enrichingthenationandstrengthening the amurai leadersencouraged to theshogun resign 8. theU.S.andJapanwas between ade treaty signed 7. t restructured government, expandedrightsof 13. ’s troops to began move south,sotheU.S.cut 12. he centralized government could nothandlethe 11. estern attention was drawn to thewar, givingJa 10.

Japan Timeline (#10–13) Japan Timeline "Japan Enters World War Challenges" I"–"Modern the zaibatsugrew aswell. to grow intrade intheEast, and pan theopportunity control ofManchuria. ofKorea andparts use asanagricultural colony. In1905,theygained military. Shintoism. system;public school andencouraged Buddhismand constitution withnewgovernment structure, created power,dismissed; theygrew military establisheda manyto daimyos theemperor; andsamurai were business groups, regained control oflandgiven and factories to buildtheeconomy; soldto private Edo’s nameto Tokyo, developed mines, shipyards, and theyruledintheemperor's name;theychanged daimyo thetreaty. helddividedopinionsabout citizens followed U.S.lawwhileinJapan,samurai and to international trade, fivein 1858,opened ports U.S. legalized unions. labor uted farmlands, changed educational system, and citizens women's especially andchildren’s, redistrib Nagasaki. of Midway, and thenwas atHiroshima bombed and all over thePacific untiltheJapanlostatBattle the U.S.into WWII.Evenly matched battlesoccurred Pearl Harbor, Guam, andthePhilippines, drawing to Japan.Japanretaliated by attacking off exports China’s forces reclaimed Manchuria. damagecaused by inTokyo,hurt; anearthquake and theeconomic depressionloss oftrade opportunities; Japan t Slo S Atr I Japan T W Fill intheboxes labeled10-13.(pp. 15- - - ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. - You can choose to do one, two or two do one, choose to can You n sonlight.com/hblf you loved learning about the Land of the Rising Sun as your your as Sun the Rising learning about the Land of loved you family watched the 2020 Summer Olympics, you can learn you Olympics, the 2020 Summer watched family in Sonlight’s Hemisphere about the Eastern more program. F / Literature / Bible History YOUR ADVENTURE INTO ADVENTURE Continue YOUR THE EASTERN HEMISPHERE. If Choose Your Adventure Choose Your 9 Day You're All watching Enjoy the Done! Olympics! You're Day 9 | Schedule and Notes | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: 6 | Schedule and Notes If you loved learning about Japan, learn about the rest learning about Japan, learn the rest about If loved you F program. Level in Sonlight’s Hemisphere of the Eastern sonlight.com/hblf Choose Your Adventure Choose Your - about Japan, com finished reading have you that Now section of the Note Adventure the Choose Your plete book Pages (pp. 17-18). (pp. book Pages all seven optional activities. optional all seven ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. H D B G K A E C F L J I Nagasaki Sea China East 2 1 Kyushu JAPAN Hiroshima 3 Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020|Schedule andNotes |7 Shikoku Sea ofJapan Sea 4 Kobe Osaka Kyoto Phillipine 5 Sea Nagoya

= Mt. Fuji

= Japanese Alps

= Capital

= Seaport

= Cities Mt. Fuji 6 Tokyo

MAP KEY MAP Yokohama Honshu Chiba Japan Map It - Answer Key 7

= Cities with over 1 million people

= Cities with over 10 million people

= Hiroshima and Nagasake and Nagasake = Hiroshima (Atomic Bomb Sites) Hokkaido 9 8 North Paci cNorth Ocean ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved.

Avyx

NOTEBOOK

these Notebook EASTERN HEMISPHERE EASTERN pages for Japan Enjoy Notebook Pages | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Pages 8 | Notebook Eastern Hemisphere Notebook Pages Notebook Hemisphere Eastern Eastern Hemisphere Notebook Pages

THE BIG PICTURE

Write three facts that caught your attention:

1. ASIA JAPAN

2.

3. ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2021 by

JAPAN

Eastern Hemisphere Notebook Pages | Japan | 11 ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Nagoya (G5) Nagoya (G6) Yokohama Nagoya (G5) Nagoya (G6) Yokohama for having a population having for

over 10+ million. over Tokyo is the most highly populated city is the most highly populated in the Tokyo Label it with a world.  Osaka (G4) Kobe (G4) Chiba (G7) Kobe (G4) LABEL CITIES WITH OVER A MILLION A MILLION LABEL CITIES WITH OVER WITH THE SYMBOL: INHABITANTS SEAPORTS SEAPORTS chief Japanese Use the map key label the four to ports. *

Hokkaido (B8) Kyushu (H2) Mount Fuji or Mount Fuji (G6) Fujiyama Nagasaki (H1) Honshu (E7) Shikoku (H3) Japanese Alps (G5–F6) Hiroshima (H3) Tokyo (G7) Tokyo FOUR MAIN ISLANDS OF JAPAN MAIN ISLANDS FOUR MOUNTAIN/MOUNTAIN RANGE MOUNTAIN/MOUNTAIN SYMBOL WHERE THE ATOMIC BOMBS BOMBS THE ATOMIC WHERE SYMBOL WERE USED. LABEL THE TWO CITIES WITH A LABEL THE TWO

LABEL THE CAPITAL CITY CITY LABEL THE CAPITAL Kyoto (ancient capital) (G5) Kyoto LABEL THE CITY Japan Japan locations on your Label the following the coordinates Use page. map on the following bodies the cities, easily locate help you to provided correctly label your To or point of interest. of water, map use the symbols on the to remember map, key provided. MAP IT Notebook Pages | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Pages 10 | Notebook Eastern Hemisphere Notebook Pages Notebook Hemisphere Eastern ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. H D B G K A E C F L J I 2 1 JAPAN 3 Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020|Notebook Pages |11 4 5 Eastern Hemisphere Notebook Pages

= Mt. Fuji

= Japanese Alps

= Capital

= Seaport

= Cities 6

MAP KEY MAP 7

= Cities with over 1 million people

= Cities with over 10 million people

= Hiroshima and Nagasake and Nagasake = Hiroshima (Atomic Bomb Sites) 9 8 ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. CLIMATE EVERYDAY LIFE IN JAPAN LIFE IN EVERYDAY your from in Japan that differ facts about life List four home country: 1. 2. 3. 4. WATER LAND Write one factWrite about each: 3.

2.

1. Write three facts attention: caught your that three Write MEET THE PEOPLE OF JAPAN PEOPLE MEET THE Notebook Pages | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Pages 12 | Notebook Eastern Hemisphere Notebook Pages Notebook Hemisphere Eastern Eastern Hemisphere Notebook Pages

SHINTOISM

What are Shintoism’s basic beliefs?

JAPAN’S GOVERNMENT

Japan’s form of government is:

JAPANESE CULTURE

Describe one form of Japanese culture ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2021 by

JAPAN’S WILDLIFE

Name one plant or animal that reminds you of Japan:

THE ECONOMY OF JAPAN

Describe it in two sentences:

Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 | Notebook Pages | 13

©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. 1603 4 3 1603

5 TOKUGAWA HOUSE BEGINS HOUSE BEGINS TOKUGAWA RULE OF JAPAN 265-YEAR of the one of the responsibilities Write shogun during this period.

LATE 1100s LATE

FIRST SHOGON COMES TO POWER TO SHOGON COMES FIRST learned about the shogun. one thing you Write

s 1100 LATE

2

FIRST JAPANESE EMPEROR, KOTOKU, KOTOKU, EMPEROR, JAPANESE FIRST POWER TO COMES Reform. Taika fact about interesting one Write

645 CE 645 1

300 BCE–300 CE

YAYOI ERA YAYOI a fact.Write 300 BCE–300 CE BCE–300 300

List two things you found found List two you things about this period: interesting JOMON PERIOD JAPAN TIMELINE JAPAN

BCE 10,000–300 BCE 10,000–300 10,000–300 10,000–300 Notebook Pages | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Pages 14 | Notebook Eastern Hemisphere Notebook Pages Notebook Hemisphere Eastern ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved.

1630s 1630s 1854 Japan. in Edicts about theSeclusion Write thingsyou two learned SECLUSION EDICTS

the US/Japan Treaty ofCommerce: Commodore or aboutMatthew Perry One fact COMMODORE PERRY OPENSJAPAN 6 1854 Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020|Notebook Pages | 15 1868–1912

1868–1912

Write theirsloganhere: thenationofJapan. to enrich oneofthestrategies leadershipundertook Describe theMeiji MEIJI ERA

7 1895 1895 Write aninteresting thingaboutimperialism: IMPERIALISM BEGINS

result ofinvolvement in World War I. Name onebenefitthatJapanenjoyed asa JAPAN ENTERSWORLD WAR I 10 Eastern Hemisphere Notebook Pages 1914 8 9 1914

©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. 1946 12

1946 13

1945 AUGUST HIROSHIMA AUGUST 1945 AUGUST ATOMIC BOMBS BOMBS ATOMIC ON NAGASAKI & & ON NAGASAKI AMERICA DROPS AMERICA DROPS 7,

1941

WORLD WAR II WAR WORLD involvement one fact learnedWrite Japan’s about you War II. in World

DECEMBER DECEMBER 7, 1941 7, DECEMBER 11

1930s Write one reason why the military why reason one Write took the government. over THE MILITARY TAKES TAKES THE MILITARY THE OF CONTROL GOVERNMENT

s 1930 the people of Japan with this new constitution and American for one thing that changed Write involvement. NEW JAPANESE CONSTITUTION NEW JAPANESE Notebook Pages | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Pages 16 | Notebook Eastern Hemisphere Notebook Pages Notebook Hemisphere Eastern ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Japanese various eate acalendarmarking anessayrite Use thelistofw Cr W holidays. dictionary! dictionary! definitions, to create aJapanese-English IG links page (keyword IG linkspage(keyword “Calendar”). For helpfulwebsite suggestions, visityour food thataccompaniestheholiday. celebrates, and andtraditionalactivities whateventholiday theholiday was started, Japanese ifpossible),approximate date the name oftheholiday (inEnglishand favorites. Create indexcards listingthe Research andexplainsomeofyour Terms to addto your dictionary: each page. there shouldbeguidewords atthetop of complete withadecorative cover, and Your abook, shouldlooklike dictionary asamodel. Use aregular dictionary three reasons for your decision. Taika Reform? Write anessay explaining the classortherulingduring working Would you ratherbeamemberofthe karaoke ukiyo kendo haniwa bunraku biwa ords below, alongwiththeir baiu kimono ikebana zaibatsu kabuki koto CHOOSE YOUR ADVENTURE Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020|Notebook Pages |17 Kanji tatami burakumin kofun samisen

esearch the art ofbonsaiandgrowesearch your theart own ut onapuppetshow R P Reread tree. Eastern Hemisphere Notebook Pages Soviet Union). (the U.S., China,andthe theUnited Kingdom, asopposedtowith NaziGermany theAllies Japanese mighthave justifiedtheiralliance essay explaininghow the Write ashort for your bonsaitree. demonstration ofwhatisinvolved incaring should includeanexplanationand it isviewed, today. Also, your presentation how itwastraditionallyviewed andhow ofbonsaiis, where itcamefrom,what theart prepared to give apresentation explaining At theendofaspecifiedamounttime, be of plant departments Target® and Walmart®.) or you canusuallyfindbonsaitrees inthe atyour IGlinkspage(keyword kits “Bonsai” number ofweeks. You canfindbonsaistarter This shouldbeanongoingproject for a online.) Mosel, by available Arlene inmostlibraries Tembo Tikki (Possible suggestion:Tikki story orusesomeyoucould work) already have. your own puppets(embellished socks for to anarrator read andeitherdesign tales. or fairy You willneedto ascript write stories outoneofyourAct favorite short Imperialism Beginsthrough World War II. F to accompany your performance. recording oftraditional Japanesemusic or an extra challenge, obtaina or anextra Continued on the next page Continued onthenext ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. drink the tea in 3 sips guests drink in 3 sips the tea follow the same process the same process guests follow …the guests file silently out, The right hand then gives the cup 3 rightThe hand then gives The cup is turnedThe again—in 3 the this point the guests admire At the Picking up the cup one last time, The server then brings with The the tea, The

The ceremony consists of very ceremony The movements and precise structured and tea confections around revolving the purpose of hospitality. for turning to bow at the door and stepping at the door and stepping turning bow to backwards out of the room. as with the sweet—bow, cup moves cup moves as with the sweet—bow, then the cup is picked blessing, mat, to up with the right hand while being supported the left. with one-sixth on the design turns so that any the room. cup faces out into gently wiping the rim of the before cup with their fingers. and this time, movements—away inward. faces placed so the design looking forward, bending cup by closely right left. to from this time so guests turn it in 3 moves, and places it faces outward, the design just outside the mat. the cup facing inward. (S)he turns the the cup facing inward. faces the so that it moves cup in three placing it on the mat. guests before 17. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 9. 10. Tea Time… Tea TEA CEREMONY TEA CHOOSE YOUR ADVENTURE YOUR CHOOSE take the plate with guests take with the plate There is often another short There blessing

The guests and serverThe again as bow A short blessing is said before the A short blessing is said before then is placed down, plate The The The The person servingThe kneels, tea placing Both server and guests place their come in silently, take their Guests come in silently, bow deeply (with their guests bow The

before… 16. A Japanese tea ceremony is a ceremony A Japanese tea traditional activity on the that focuses powdered of matcha—a presentation whisked hot water. tea into green the plate is takenthe plate away. their right hand, placing it in front of of placing it in front their right hand, on the mat. themselves is picked eaten. plate up and the sweet back outside the mat. moved a small sweet on a plate or the floor in on a plate a small sweet outside the mat. guests, of the front a so they form hands on the ground makingtriangle (i.e. a triangle with their deeply to hands and thumbs), bowing each other. places, and sit on mats. and places, hands on their knees) the outside the room. into stepping before threshold 8. 6. 7. 5. 3. 4. 2. 1. Notebook Pages | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Pages 18 | Notebook The Ceremony Ends… Ceremony The Eastern Hemisphere Notebook Pages Notebook Hemisphere Eastern The Sweets… The The ceremony begins… ceremony The ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Get even more notebook pages tohelpyourstudentinteractwiththeEasternHemisphere.Get evenmorenotebookpages Help your notebook pages? Want more Middle East, Africa, theSouthPacific andmore! Enrich yourstudy student to understand and appreciate variouscultures.student tounderstandand appreciate Includes hand-onactivitiestoo!

EASTERN HEMISPHERE

NOTEBOOK ofmuchmoreAsia, China, India, the Visit sonlight.com/notebook-pages

Avyx Asia |JapanAsia Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020|19 ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey sonlight.com/journey buy the full text at:buy the full text If you love reading about Japan, If you love reading about Japan, Appendix 1 Appendix The followingthe history come from excerpts used spine History/ Literature / Bible program. F, Level in Sonlight’s | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 20 | ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku, though thousands of crowded into cities on main the islands of Hokkaido, Norththe PacificOcean. Most populationthe of lives fromcountry but Chinese, the never visited himself. ian explorer Marco Polo, only who heard about the namethe given late to in the country the 1200’s by Ital Japan likely comes from amispronunciation of Zipangu, no longer claims that emperor the is deity. The name house,rial continues to day, this doctrine though official her descendants.tradition The of an emperor, or impe sunthe goddess created Nippon and emperors the were Nihon, means source of sun. the According to legend, Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020| Appendix 1:Journey totheEastern Hemisphere Excerpt Japan consists of astring of volcanic islands in The Japanese name fortheir nation, Nippon or JAPAN: THEBIGPICTURE ASIA JAPAN Asia |JapanAsia - - the world. the Japan is one of largest the importers and exporters in electronics, processed chemicals, and foods, textiles. into finishedsuch as goods automobiles, computers, manufacturing centers import raw materials to convert become one of world’s the top economic powers. Its commerce, and industry. capital of Tokyo, are bustling modern, centers of culture, and built huge cities. Today, cities, including these the strips of plains coastal where have they developed farms and farming. As a result, most people live along narrow rior make for beautiful scenery, but difficult habitation neighbors, Japan is closest to Russia, Korea, and China. islandssmaller make up also Japan. With no immediate Despite having few natural resources, Japan has The extensive mountains and forests of Japan’s inte |21 - ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. - - Population: Population: 127 million Official Language: Japanese Currency: yen Anthem: National “Kimigayo” Reign) Emperor’s (The Symbol: National disc sun red Today, Japan has returned to its status as a great a great as status its to returned has Japan Today, Nagasaki in 1945. The war left Japan in a state of eco in a state Japan left war 1945. The in Nagasaki thenation social, political ruin.nomic, However, and of help and the guidance under quickly itself rebuilt Allied forces. occupying demo a a new Constitution, Under nation. industrial The standard flourished. has government of form cratic the in highest of one is people the Japanese of living of the world. in the world nd Area: Area: 234,825 sq miles (608,000 sq km) Coastline: miles18,486 km)(29,750 Point: Highest 12,388 feet Fuji Mount (3,776 m) Point: Lowest -13 feet Hachiro-gata (-4 m) Fast Facts Fast Capital: Tokyo Size: 62 - - Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey Japan’s incredible economic and military and economic incredible Japan’s Nowadays, evidence of modern and tra modern - evidence and of Nowadays, Combining Japan’s long history of developing its its developing history of long Japan’s Combining | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 22 | after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and and Hiroshima of bombing atomic the after Despite some early victories, Japan surren Japan victories, early some Despite Allied nations and States the United to dered cut short by the devastation of World War II. War World of the devastation by short cut growth of the late 1800’s and early 1900’s was was 1900’s early and 1800’s the late of growth centuries-old noh and kabuki theater. kabuki and noh centuries-old ten to rock music, but also continue to enjoy enjoy to also continue but music, rock to ten - lis and modern movies watch People sumo. the ancient form of Japanese wrestling called wrestling Japanese of form theancient tional kimonos for festivals and special and occa festivals for kimonos tional baseball as well as enjoy fans Sports sions. wear modern Western clothing, but don tradi- don but clothing, modern Western wear trade. trade. people Japanese The abound. culture ditional encouraged Japan to open its ports to foreign ports foreign to its open to Japan encouraged isolation continued until 1853, when the United States States 1853, when the United until continued isolation and sought to isolate Japan from outside influence. This This influence. outside from Japan isolate to sought and however, Japanese leaders cut ties with foreign nations nations ties foreign leaders cut with Japanese however, from Europe beginning in the mid-1500’s. Soon after, Soon after, beginningthe in mid-1500’s. Europe from about 400 to 800 CE. Another wave of influence came came influence of wave 800 CE. Another 400 to about government, language, religion, and technology from technology from and religion, language, government, culture. Chinese culture heavily influenced Japanese art, Japanese influenced heavily Chinese culture culture. recent embrace of all things Western, Japan enjoys a rich enjoys Japan all Western, things of embrace recent own traditions in isolation from other countries with a with countries other from in isolation traditions own ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. tling along lowlands. coastal the In about fact, 90%of has always sparse, with been most of population the set island, Honshu. Settlement throughout mountains the peoplethe of Okinawa. Japan are indigenous the Ainu people of Hokkaido and groups ethnic Other considered “resident aliens” in citizenshiplack full to day this and facediscrimination. to Japan early inthe 1900’s. under rule imperial They hundreds of thousands were who forced to migrate bled today’s Japanese inappearance and language. bronze into tools and weapons. The Yayoi Tokyo.villages, developed agriculture, They andcast Jomon,the settling area in the around modern-day or cords. By about the 300 BCE, marked early These people, called BCE. toeled Japanese the islands sometime around 10,000 from mainly northeastern Asian immigrants trav who - unique ethnicity and culture. The Japanese descended ernmost islands live indigenous the Ainu, have who a tions of Koreans, and Chinese, Brazilians. In north- the its citizens are Japanese, ethnically popula with small most populous nation world. inthe Almost 100%of MEET THEPEOPLEOFJAPAN Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020| Appendix 1:Journey totheEastern Hemisphere Excerpt About 80%of Japanese the people live on largest the Many of Koreans the inJapan from descend the With over 127million people, Japan is 11th the ), made pottery bearing the impressions the bearing ), made pottery of ropes Jomon Yayoi people replaced (meaning closely resem- cord- Asia |JapanAsia - - words using Roman the alphabet. writing system, along with asystem of spelling Japanese simpler characters. Japanese students complex this learn called systemthis of 5,000different writing used characters, with Japanese phonetic symbols. Before mid1900’s, the writingthe on system characters is Chinese based along nearly Spoken extinct. Japanese to is Korean, akin but once spoken by indigenous the Ainu people has become Many English. The speak native people also language ken inTokyo and inschools, television, used and radio. peoplenese understand standard Japanese that is spo not understood among differentpeoplegroups, all Japa- one spoken by Okinawans. are dialects While most local ing major the ones of Hondo and Nantō, as well as the a shrinking anda shrinking aging Japanese population. world. Combined life with high expectancy, result the is Japan’s rate birth dropped to almost lowest the inthe centers. After 100 years of explosivepopulation growth, beyond, Japan’s population grewand moved into urban cities have populations over 2.5million. 37 million people. Osaka-Kobe, Nagoya, and three other area, Tokyo, is most the populous world inthe with over among world’s the most crowded. Japan’s largest urban Japanese live on just 20% of land, the areas making these The Japaneselanguage has includ various dialects, Since industrialization the of late the 1800’s and kanji . It reduced has since been to about 2,000 |23 - - ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. 44 40 36 32 144 O. Kunashir O. 500 Miles Kushiro Abashiri 144 CIFIC Erimo saki 400 Obihiro OCEAN Miyako Kamaishi Asahigawa ait 600 700 Kilometres PA

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N a k t o n g R . CHINA 32 36 40 44 | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 24 | ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Land Tokyo is located. Kanto Plain, liesalong east the coast of Honshu, where mountains.tallest Thelargest flat lowland in Japan, the including Japanese the Alps, arewhich country’s the large island of Honshu has three main mountain ranges, Islands, Islands, Bonin the and Volcano the Islands. The island groups, including Ryukyu the Islands, Izu the fourthe largest islands, Japan consists smaller of several dense forests add to natural the all beauty. In addition to ered inmountains. gorges, Hills, valleys, waterfalls, and result, land the is mostly with over rugged, 70%cov Pacificthe Ocean to createthe islands of Japan. a As of Japan to west. the Strait, as well as North Korea and Russia across Sea the Its nearest neighbor is South Korea, across Korea the notdoes share land borders with any other countries. are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku. Japan west. The four main islands,from largest to smallest, long (2,400 km) 1,491 miles from northeast to south chain, located Asia. in Eastern It stretches in an arc over Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020| Appendix 1:Journey totheEastern Hemisphere Excerpt A great underwatermountain range out rises of The nation of Japan is an archipelago, or island LAND, WATER, AND CLIMATE INJAPAN Asia |JapanAsia - - results in many hot springs throughout Japan. Violent shiftingcauses crust violent changes.activity This Fire—an area circling Pacific the whereOceanEarth’s quake activity is due to its location along Ring the of sionally severe earthquakes. Japan’s volcano and earth thousand events—mainly seismic tremors but occa populated areas. year, Every Japan over experiences a volcanoesjima, as these are located to close densely Scientists keep watch aclose on Unzen and Sakura- 1986, and Izu the Islands and Mount Unzen in1991. eruptions include Mount Oin1983,Mount Mihara in active volcano last which erupted in1707.More recent Japan’s at highest 12,388 peak feet (3,776 meters), an 60 are active. This includes Mount Fuji, or Fujiyama, Japan is home to over 150volcanoes, of which Japan is roughly sizeof the California |25 - - ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. - Japan’s rivers are mostly short and swift-running, and short mostly are rivers Japan’s canic areas are too acidic to use for drinking or irrigation. drinking or use too for acidic to are areas canic and Kitakami, Ishikari, Teshio, the are rivers major The Towada, Kutcharo, as such lakes, Japan’s of Some Chikugo. - depres basin-shaped actually calderas (large, are Ashi, and Others filled in the peak water. volcanoes) with sions of the Philippine Sea. Japan is separated from China by the China by from separated is Sea. Japan the Philippine East China Sea the southwest. to of them many makes This terrain. the mountainous to due useful they are However, boat. by navigate to impossible in vol rivers Some power. hydroelectric and irrigation for Mount Fuji as seen from the space shuttle seen as from Fuji Mount Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey Surrounded by water in all directions, Japan has has Japan in all directions, water by Surrounded | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 26 | the east lies the North Pacific Ocean and to the south to the and south Ocean Pacific the lies the North east north separates it from the Russian island Sakhalin. To Sakhalin. To island the Russian from it north separates South Korea and Russia. The La Perouse Strait to the Strait Perouse The La Russia. and Korea South the Sea of Japan separates the nation from North and and North from the nation separates theSea Japan of 18,641 miles (30,000 km) of coastline. To the west, the west, To coastline. 18,641 miles (30,000 km) of huge waves caused by underwater earthquakes. underwater by caused waves huge Water earthquakes can also produce destructive tsunamis— also can earthquakes produce ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Climate ers 416square (1077square miles of km) central Honshu. dammedbecame by sand. Thelargest Lake lake, Biwa, cov arewith that water filled valleys thewhen mouth river of a receive snowfall winter. inthe are ripe. Many of Japan areas, Sea the especially coast, rain, it during because plums occurs when time the ally. The Japanesethe rainy call the season shu can receive more than 160 inches (406 cm) annu inches year (101cm)per inmost areas. Hon Central frequently, southwest. inthe especially cyclones that form over and ocean) the tsunamis occur ter than mountainous the interior. Typhoons (tropical range from 70-82°F. The coasts are warmer and wet range from 18-46°Fand average summer temperatures to temperate north.Average inthe winter temperatures ous terrain creates variations local inclimate. creates differences in temperature, theand mountain climate. The vastlatitudinal stretchfrom south north to warm Kuroshio and cold the Oyashio—influencethe depending on Strong season. the Pacificcurrents—the winds) thatsoons (seasonal bring weather wet or dry PacificOcean thelargeand Asianlandmass create mon Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020| Appendix 1:Journey totheEastern Hemisphere Excerpt Rainfall is heaviestRainfall summer inthe and exceeds 40 climate the Overall, is tropical south inthe and cool Many factors greatly affectthe climate in Japan. The baiu , or plum Asia |JapanAsia ------Family Life class, called the outcast the class, called class or rior, farmer, craftsman, and merchant. The social lowest class, followedpeer by four the working classes—war into classes. The most social prestigiousgroup the was lowed by or aChristian- Western-style observance. ding may consist of atraditional Shinto ceremony fol matches have become more popular. A Japanese wed- past, marriages were arranged by families, but now love and are paid a“family allowance” by employers. In the families. Meanwhile, men work to support family the marry, have children, and stay home to care for their raising children. women In expects to general, society homethe before marriage and, to degree, alesser while fewer employment benefits. Many women work outside ever, women lower earn still wages than men and have and women as homemakers are slowly changing. How and school.traditional The roles of men as breadwinners to some extent today. up about 2% of population, the facediscrimination still segregatedcially Their villages. descendants,who make livedcuting They criminals. in slum areas of cities or spe considered “unclean,” such as slaughtering cattle and exe EVERYDAY LIFEINJAPAN Hundreds of years ago, Japanese was divided society Today, Japanese home life revolves around work burakumin , handled tasks , handled tasks |27 - - - - - ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. - - - . Mod futon (straw mats) on the on mats) (straw tatami tatami A small number of Japanese, about 10–15% of the of 10–15% about Japanese, of A small number More and more people now live in apartments or or in apartments live now people more and More population, live in rural areas. They earn their living by They in rural living earn their areas. live population, Many harvesting seaweed. and edible fishing, farming, of system the traditional maintained rural villages have ern homes may contain some Western-style furniture furniture Western-style some contain may ern homes of carpets as well instead as floors. population. In addition to housing, large cities need cities large housing, to addition In population. util transportation, public roads, as infrastructuresuch Hous the people. meet the needs sewers of to and ities, people forced which has expensive, quite is in Japan ing many a result, As centers. further further city and from of lack The verycommutes. long have workers Japanese mix of in a unique results cities in Japanese laws zoning in even agricultural land and factories, homes, stores, has cities in districts. overcrowding urban While some in low generally are poverty crime and pollution, led to Japan. owned units than rather themselves, they own homes the addition, In the government. or corporations by A tra space per- increased. has person living of amount to screens paper uses sliding home Japanese ditional than rather floor cushions on sit People rooms. separate called a padded quilt a sleep on and chairs Country Life Life Country - Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey marks the birth marks rd Despite the many benefits of city life, the nation nation the life, of city benefits the many Despite Approximately 90% of the Japanese live in Japan’s in Japan’s live the Japanese 90% of Approximately The Japanese love to celebrate. In addition to 15 In addition to celebrate. love Japanese The | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 28 | has struggled to keep pace with the growing urban struggledhas pace the growing keep with to many families rather than just one. just than rather families many house. This way, the high cost of living is divided among among is divided of living high the cost way, This house. apartment building on a plot of land rather than a single a single than rather land of a plot on building apartment the world. Therefore, it makes more sense to build a to tallsense more makes it Therefore, the world. cities. Land prices in Tokyo are among the highest in the highest among are in Tokyo Land prices cities. small single homes are also scattered throughout the throughout also scattered are small homes single They live mainly in high-rise apartment buildings, but but buildings, apartment in high-risemainly They live to many restaurants, stores, and types of entertainment. entertainment. types of and stores, restaurants, many to standard of living and have good jobs. They have access access good jobs. Theyhave have and living of standard and expensive apartments. Most people enjoy a high enjoy people Most apartments. expensive and nomic success with expensive cars, fashionable stores, stores, fashionable cars, expensive with success nomic crowded urban areas. The large cities reflect Japan’s eco- Japan’s reflect cities large The areas. urban crowded throughout the year. December 23 the year. throughout national holidays, they also celebrate many festivals festivals many they also celebrate holidays, national business-like. the homes are small and many of the meetings are are the meetings of many small and are the homes Japanese rarely entertain guests in their homes because in theirhomes guests entertain rarely Japanese homes of friends and family. In general, however, the however, general, In family. friends and of homes families spend three days visiting shrines, temples, and and temples, shrines, visiting days three spend families celebration beginning December 31st. For this event, this event, beginning December For 31st. celebration day of Emperor Akihito, followed by a large New Year’s Year’s New a large by followed Akihito, Emperor of day City Life City Life ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Japan has had a popular professional league. football Major United inthe Baseball League States. Since 1993, known celebrities and many have found success playing national Professional sport. players baseball are well- introduced to Japan 1870’s, inthe has become a favorite soccer,ball, golf, and tennis popular. became Baseball, Japanenced early inthe 1900’s, such sports as basket - Recreation work cities. inthe people leave permanently countryside the to live and ies. However, populations rural are declining as many age a slightly income higher working than those in cit alone. By working two or even three jobs, farmers aver families live few rural on farming very fact, income traveling to city the for work seasonal winter. inthe In lages have to ties nearby close cities, with workers often comparedit high is still to other nations. Most vil rural Rural land is less expensive than that inurban areas, but farming techniques. traditional practices along equipment with modern and one another to form an independent unit. combine They sists of 30to 50households that work together and assist cooperativemura, or aza agriculture called Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020| Appendix 1:Journey totheEastern Hemisphere Excerpt Wooden homes are cities. in the similar to those The Japanese love sports. As cultureWestern influ which conwhich - Asia |JapanAsia - - - - sports are andsports judo gymnastics Nagano (1998).The nation’s most dominant Olympic in Tokyo and Winter the Games inSapporo (1972)and national inJapan. sport Sumo ing, called ing, called mony, chant or ofart practice the ballads, flower arrang- participate cere particular inatraditional tea-serving a popular game played with rectangular Women tiles. in games. Korea, and Australia. ies inEurope, west the coast of United the States, South sites.cal Wealthier families travel abroad to major cit enjoy visiting temples, shrines, hot springs, and histori leaves of maple trees from north to south. Japanese also In trend this fall, the reverses follow as they coloring the progression blossoms of from cherry the south to north. enjoyment of nature. In spring, the travelers follow the The country’s manyparks and institutions supportthe and century.to 8th the It includes competitive kendo in sports. emphasize schools and military Both the participation karate karate Japan hosted Summer the Olympic Games of 1964 At home, Japanese the enjoy card games and board In addition to Japanese the sports, love travel. The in arts practice of martial Japan traced canbe wrestling is perhaps oldest the and most popular Shogi as well as non-competitive ikebana both resemble goboth and chess. . Men often meet up together after . jujitsu Mah-jongg is and and aikido , judo |29 - - - . , ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. ------University education is highly desirable and serves and highly is desirable education University occurs regularly a university beyond Education is particularly difficult to learn, almost all adults are lit- are adults to particularlyis learn, difficult almost all com very exams on score well students Japanese erate. the that complain many but nations, other with pared They stu believe too is demanding. system educational time in spend less memorization, less do should dents fashion. creative learn in a more and school, poten income and social achieve to status the means as the by their success in particulartial. Males measure most two The they attend. the university of reputation and Tokyo are universities competitive and prestigious take veryentrance difficult students a year, Once Kyōto. the uni for their eligibility determine to examinations high curriculum,school com The rigorous versities. to attempt schools, extracurricular with bined “cram” they Once get the examinations. for students prepare succeed in univer all almost students thispast hurdle, high Male than schools. lenient more which are sities, while universities, attend to likely more are students - tech or colleges junior attend to likely more are females nical schools. in technology, take classes can Adults Japan. throughout educa physical homemaking, training, arts, vocational language take foreign adults Many areas. other and tion, classes. , - - juku Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey (wine made from rice) or rice) or from made (wine sake In Japan, public elementary and middle schools and elementary public Japan, In All Japanese children must attend school for at at school for attend must children All Japanese The Japanese value education so highly that fierce fierce so highly that education value Japanese The | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 30 | education, and English. Although the Japanese language language the Japanese Although English. and education, studies. The Japanese also study homemaking, moral moral homemaking, alsostudy Japanese The studies. math, art, music, physical education, science, and social and science, education, physical art,music, math, in August. They study typical subjects such as language, as language, such subjects typical study They in August. attend from April through March with a vacation break break a vacation with March through April from attend exams. Until the 1990’s, schools held classes on Satur on classes held schools the 1990’s, Until exams. Students tuition. high requires school free but are spend several hours each day after school preparing for for preparing school after day each spend several hours school. Extracurricular “cram” schools, called schools, Extracurricularschool. “cram” students There, preschool. as young as children for exist out. fading slowly which a practice is days, school, three-year middle school, and three-year high three-year and middleschool, three-year school, to three years. It is followed by a six-year elementary elementary six-year a by followed is It years. three to schooling. Kindergarten, which is optional, can last one one last can optional, which is Kindergarten, schooling. least nine years, but almost everyone completes more more everyone almost completes but years, nine least to be accepted into the “best” ones. ones. the “best” into beto accepted academic competition results in problems like bully like in problems results academic competition very hard work students strictly ranked and Schools are selected for schools based on academic achievement. basedacademic schools achievement. selected on for ing. From a very young age, students are screened and screenedand are students age, verya young From ing. beer at a local restaurant or bar. or a localbeer restaurant at Education Education work to enjoy a drink of a drink of enjoy to work ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. trees, Hindu gods, and spirits. Chinese It involves also kami is polytheistic, meaning it includes many gods (called The word Shinto means II, Shintoism remains Japan’s most popular religion. Althoughbeing. that support after ended World War gion, with Japanese the emperor considered adivine Religion religious home. practices inthe formally train children inreligion, but often observe religionsnew have also some followers. Families donot Buddhism. Christianity, ancient shamanism, and some Shintoism,observe overlapping with observe 67% who without intense religious About beliefs. 80%of Japanese acombination peoplethe observe of spiritual practices Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020| Appendix 1:Journey totheEastern Hemisphere Excerpt ) including people, natural likeobjects rocks and At one time, Shintoism was astate-supported reli Japan not does have an official religion. Most of A small templeA small near Mount Fuji the way of the gods . Shintoism Asia |JapanAsia - as afolk tradition than areligious observation. Japanesethe widely celebrate though Christmas, more anity inhiding until ban the was lifted in1873. Today, were Many persecuted. continued- to practiceChristi However, 1600’s inthe it was banned and Christians received andas asymbol of seen European culture. ies brought Christianity to Japan. At first, it was well- obtain perfect peace and happiness.obtain peace perfect Shintoism. It on focuses living avirtuous life inorder to try. Buddhism is a more system structured belief than today and Buddhist temples exist throughout coun the remainpoint. sects influentialthroughout Several Japan 500’s,the adopted was also as national the religion at one Shinto structures throughout nation. the practice ofthe ancestor worship. Shrines are popular Buddhist religion. Shinto to distinguish it from increasingly the popular of set was century CE, this given beliefs sixth name the has shaped Japanese thought throughout ages. the In the no official texts. Rather, set it is a of guiding thatbeliefs systems,belief Shinto has no single god, no founder, and thousands of years ago. Unlike many other religious In late the 1500’s, Jesuit and Franciscan missionar Buddhism, came which from Korea and in China Indigenous Japanese Shintodeveloped the religion SHINTO |31 - - ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. - - Shinto shrine in Kyoto shrine Shinto Shinto festivals, called matsuri, combine solemn combine called festivals, matsuri, Shinto by created was Japan belief, Shinto to According toism official policy, called State Shinto, placing more more placing Shinto, called State policy, official toism and patriotism as such goals national on emphasis devel new Constitution, Japan’s nationalism. Japanese and Shinto State abolished II, War World oped after the personal However, the emperor. of denied the deity Japanese permeate to continues Shintoism of practice culture. worship and joyful reverie. Each festival celebrates a celebrates Each festival joyful reverie. and worship include might and honor of particular guest as kami wrestling sumo or theatrical performance, parade, a flowers, offer Worshippers feasting. with along match the follow festivals Most the shrine. food at or money, The events. life major and calendar farming ancient prayers of consist might home at rituals private more thanksgiving. or blessings for descended. the emperors whom from goddess, thesun divine a considered long was emperor the Therefore, Shin made government the Japanese being. Eventually, - - - - Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey The practice of Shintoism, to which about 80% about to which Shintoism, of practice The The word Shinto means “the way of kami,” with with of kami,” “the way means Shinto word The | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 32 | throughout the country. throughout local shrines have become popular tourist destinations destinations tourist popular become local have shrines shrine more than on a unified religion as a whole. Such Such as a whole. religion a unified on than more shrine as in private homes. Devotees focus on their own local their own focus on Devotees homes. in private as be found in almost every Japanese community as well well as community every in almost be found Japanese lives to bring love, happiness, and success. Shrines can can Shrines success. and happiness, love, bring to lives from them and, if made happy, willin their intervene happy, made if them and, from Followers of Shinto believe that spirits enjoy attention attention enjoy spirits believe that Shinto of Followers rituals that allow people to communicate with kami. kami. with communicate to people allow that rituals of Japanese adhere, involves devotion to shrines and and shrines to devotion involves adhere, Japanese of few people outside Japan practice it. Japan outside people few not attempt to spread Shintoism to other countries and and countries other to Shintoism spread to attempt not fully an ethnic or cultural way of life, the Japanese do the Japanese life, of way cultural fully ethnic or an with other religions, such as Buddhism. Since Shinto is is Shinto Since Buddhism. as such religions, other with spirits provide the driving force behind growth, creativ behind growth, force thedriving provide spirits ethicalprin out It lays afterlife. an than rather world, readily coexists it beliefs, specificspiritual than ritual natural objects like rocks and trees, and gods and spir and gods and trees, and rocks objectslike natural Chinese beliefs. and The Buddhism from borrowed its in this focused life wholly is on healing. Shinto and ity, command a set of include does not but life, for ciples on based is more Because Shintoism laws. or ments religion includes many deities in the form of people, people, of in the form deities many includes religion kami meaning “the gods” or “spirits.” This polytheistic This polytheistic “spirits.” or gods” “the meaning kami ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. tional monarchy.current The Constitution was adopted In Meiji 1890,the Constitution established aconstitu nation’sthe founding by Emperor Jimmu is 660BCE. establishing Japan’s government.traditional The date of most power and an emperor as afigurehead. serves legislative the inwhich a democracy branch holds the ment with a constitutional monarchy. That means it is Health Care pension benefits. changed nursing-care laws and age the raised for full created elderly this population, Japan’s government has sate for low the rate birth and that long life expectancy Westernized dietand aging the population. To compen- are rising due to complications health from amore for welfare other social programs. Japan’s costs health carehealth and pensions, government while entities pay cantly past inthe 50years. cause of death is cancer, has which increased signifi of lowest the industrialized world. inthe The leading of health good itsthe people. Japan’s obesity rate is one national insurance health for citizens, all contributes to Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020| Appendix 1:Journey totheEastern Hemisphere Excerpt Several datesSeveral mark important advancements in The nation of Japan parliamentaryhas a govern Employers and workers contribute to costs the of Thestandard high of living in Japan,along with JAPAN’S GOVERNMENT Asia |JapanAsia - - - trict houses mosttrict government offices. Japan’s capital city is Tokyo, Kasumigaseki whose dis- towns between ing body and central the government. greatly as anvary intermediate in size and serve govern- into divided further 47prefectures. The prefectures chihō andlower several Court, courts. judicial branch consists of a chief justice, a Supreme for vie parties political seats government. inthe The a few hundred seats. Candidates from different several Councillors and a House of Representatives, each with government,the Diet, consists the called of a House of executive branch and Cabinet. The legislative branch of forms formalities, Japan’s prime minister is of head the branches. In addition to an emperor mainly who per rates power legislative, between executive, and judicial States, and Japanese traditions. The governmentsepa Germany’s, with influencesfrom England,the United 20 years of age and older can vote inelections. freedom of religion, and speech, press. the citizens All rights, now belongs legally to people. the Japanese enjoy people.the Sovereignty, along with fundamental human authority to afigureheadwho representsthe unity of downgrading emperor the from supreme the sovereign in 1946as an amendment to Meiji the Constitution, The intois divided country eight regionscalled The Japanese systemtheir legal modeled after that from run northeast to southwest. They are |33 - - ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. - - - - JAPANESE CULTURE JAPANESE Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs supports art supports Affairs Cultural for Agency Japan’s Japanese culture has been strongly influenced influenced been has strongly culture Japanese ing, hairstyles, and music. American and European European and American music. and hairstyles, ing, - lit art, education, in architecture, up styles also show fin Japanese characteristic The recreation. and erature, clean a is these expressions cultural of many on gerprint simplicity. by China (in ancient times) and the West (in modern (in the West times) and China (in ancient by its maintain to been has able Japan times). However, influence. foreign while embracing culture unique own veryis Westernized, urban, culture Japanese Modern in cloth fads in particular follow Teenagers trendy. and ists and attempts to preserve traditional Japanese art Japanese preserve traditional to attempts and ists and sites historical promotes preserves and It forms. institutes. research and modern with museums works and performers artists agencytalented identifies The traditional practicing for treasures” national “living as the agency stipends, them with providing By art forms. appren and train their craft these continue artists helps Cultural for the Agency of this work tices. Without forever. could be lost artforms these Affairs, - Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey Tokyo’s Metropolitan Government Building Government Metropolitan Tokyo’s Japan’s constitution “forever renounces war.” war.” renounces “forever constitution Japan’s | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 34 | shipping. against Somalian pirates who interfered with Japanese Japanese with who interfered pirates Somalian against of troops outside the country, in 2009, took action action in 2009, took the country, outside troops of many military bases in Japan. Japan’s first deployment deployment first Japan’s military bases in Japan. many close ties with the United States military, which has which has military, States closeties theUnited with force is voluntary. The Ministry of Defense maintains Ministry maintains The of Defense voluntary. is force and security. Service in Japan’s army, navy, and air air and navy, army, Service in Japan’s security. and rebuild its armed forces in order to preserve peace to in order forces armed its rebuild this meant that Japan only had a police force. How a police force. had only Japan that this meant to started Japan began, War Korean the after ever, forces for the purpose of defense. From 1945 to 1950, 1950, 1945 to From the purpose defense. of for forces Therefore, the country can only maintain military maintain only country the can Therefore, ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. 200’ssculptures These BCE. of servants, animals, and The Arts silk, ceramics, ivory,silk, and lacquer. form calligraphy. Artisans work with bamboo, paper, ture, painting, sculpture, and handwriting artistic the tea ceremony, gardening and flower arranging, architec- and communities. Traditional forms of include art the expressesart conflicts the among individuals, families, bersome of style West. the Japanese that believe good lavishthe and style more Chinese refinedthancum the Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020| Appendix 1:Journey totheEastern Hemisphere Excerpt Small claySmall figurescalled Japanese taste tends inart more to be subtle than haniwa date back to the Traditional Japanese architecture Asia |JapanAsia - Kamakura is most the famous of these. made of clay, wood, or bronze. The Great Buddha at ple. Buddhist temples contain also ancient sculptures adorned objects graves the everyday of important peo A laughing Buddha sculpture |35 - ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved.

- haiku , which is , which is kimono Women wear traditional, colorful kimonos colorful traditional, wear Women

ties zori Traditional Japanese clothing can still can be seen clothing on Japanese Traditional Modern Japanese clothing resembles that worn in worn that resembles clothing Japanese Modern around the waist the waist around closed. it hold to calledSandals the traditional are footwear. ple wear expensive designer clothes and many younger younger many and designer clothes expensive wear ple wear children school, For fashions. trendier wear people matching with jacket a dark of consisting a uniform skirt. or shorts, pants, holidays. funerals, or weddings, as specialsuch occasions silk a long this includes women, For A sash a robe. like called obi an the United States and Western Europe. Men wear suits suits wear Men Europe. Western and States the United conservative dark, to stick men Older work. ties to and colors brighter wear might men while younger colors or slacks, skirts, blouses, wear Women patterns. and peo Some accessory. Silk scarves a favorite dresses. are 1000’s. This classic is considered by many to be Japan’s Japan’s to be many by is considered classic This 1000’s. poetryancient formThe fiction. of work greatest popular. also remains Fashion Fashion , - - - - - koto , is famous biwa Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey play, presents serious presents play, became Perfor popular. noh , which means “empty orchestra,” a orchestra,” “empty which, means , written by Murasaki Shikibu in the early in the early Shikibu Murasaki by , written . Folk music has become rare, but perfor but rare, become has music Folk . karaoke The novel— first the world’s to claim lay may Japan Traditional Japanese music relies on drums, flutes, drums, flutes, on relies music Japanese Traditional Theater in Japan combines music, dance, and drama. drama. and dance, music, combines Japan in Theater samisen | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 36 | Tale of Genji of Tale invented invented in which peo entertainment musical of form popular such as jazz, rock, and pop is widespread. Many Japa Many widespread. is pop and jazz, rock, as such the Japanese the1970’s, lyrics. In Japanese with topics screen. mances are still well-attended. Popular Western music music Western Popular still well-attended. are mances and style, instruments, Western combine nesesongs a lyrics from read and track a backing to along sing ple gongs, and stringed instruments such as the as such instruments stringed and gongs, ern movies as well as Japanese films. Japanese as well as ern movies chanting. In the 1600’s, bunraku the 1600’s, In chanting. kabuki lighthearted more The handlers. silent - West popular show Cinemas artgalleries, gardens. and The oldest form of theater, the of theater, form oldest The and masks, movement, through history, as such subjects, by controlled puppets large and narrator a involve mances cit large many The costumes. and makeup distinct its for museums, orchestras, several symphony have Japan of ies and Literature Literature Music Theater Theater ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Food andDrink sake (a rice-based alcohol), beer, (arice-based sake and whiskey. around Mount Fuji. Typical Japanese include also drinks ple around world the green teafrom drink region the grandparentstheir did. are growing three to four inches than (8to 10cm)taller breads. As aresult of changing this diet,Japanese youth and consumealso pork. They moredairy,fruit, and elders. In additioneat to fish,they morebeef, chicken, younger people eat aless traditional dietthan their abouthas decreased past 50% inthe 50 years because ny’s and McDonald’s. In Japan’s fact, production rice from avariety of foreign restaurants, including Den In addition to typical Japanese can choose they food, main form of protein. such or as soba udon.noodles, Fish is traditionally the some form of rice, tofu (curd made from or soybeans), battered Mostserved and deep-fried. include meals ous shapes. Tempura is asimilar combination of foods rice, raw invari vegetables, seafood, and served eggs cooked dishes, such as sushi—a combination of cooked Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020| Appendix 1:Journey totheEastern Hemisphere Excerpt The meal. Japanesetea every - at serve typicallyPeo Japanese families eat out at restaurants regularly. Japanese cuisine is famous for many raw or lightly Asia |JapanAsia - - 600 bird live species inor migrate through Japan. The that can grow to four feet (1.2 meters) or longer. Over snakes, frogs, toads, and aJapanese giant salamander reptile and amphibian populations include turtles, sea deer, antelope, macaque. and monkeys wild The called variety of animals including boars, foxes, bears,wild maple blossoms and trees infall pink inspring. cherry than 2,000 years old. Japan is famous for its colorful of Yaku peaks high Island grow Japanese cedars more mountainsthe of central the and lands. northern Onthe swamps. Vast forests of evergreens stretch throughout Kyushu’sberries. southern coast is home to mangrove tropical rainforests of ferns, oaks, camphor, and mul country. The BoninRyukyu and Islands containsemi created lush forests and plant growth throughout the The remote forests provide a habitat forwide a Japan’s abundant rain and temperatures mild have JAPAN’S WILDLIFE Lotus blossom. |37 - - ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. - - - - - Despite these advantages, Japan faces some seri some faces Japan these advantages, Despite Japan’s farmlands, though highly productive, highly though productive, farmlands, Japan’s account for a small portion of the economy. Only 12% of 12% of Only the economy. a small of portion for account import so the Japanese agriculture, useful is the land for their foodmountain half needs.the of Though almost the abundant farmers, for a disadvantage is terrain ous rice in wet growing make rivers freshwater and rain by yields their crop increase Farmers paddies possible. seeds, machinery fertilizers, advanced and along using which involves terraced farming, of the technique with hillsides. into cut land of strips along crops growing in agricul works force labor huge Japan’s 3% of Only leave people younger 45% in 1950. As from down ture, farm Japan’s of age the average jobs in the city, for farms increasing. is ers ous economic struggles. The national debt is high the debt struggles.national The economic ous aging population, The country in the world. any of est - con economic creates birth rate, low a with combined fewer are there age, old reach people more cerns—as - natu scarce has them. Japan support to workers young of imports on dependent it which makes ral resources, disas- tsunami and 2001 The earthquake materials. raw nuclear Japan’s down shutting thisincreased needter by reactors. Agriculture Agriculture - - - Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey Japan now has the 5th largest economy in the economy the5th has largest now Japan Since the end of World War II, Japan has made made has II, Japan War World of theend Since THE ECONOMY OF JAPAN OF THE ECONOMY | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 38 | most other countries. other most incomes, more assets, and more savings than those than in savings more and assets, more incomes, Nagoya, and Yokohama. Japanese families have higher have families Japanese Yokohama. and Nagoya, imports and exports, with major ports in Chiba, Kobe, ports in Chiba, Kobe, exports, major with and imports lion workers. It is a world leader (ranked 5th) leader in both (ranked a world is It workers. lion between government and industry, its mastery tech its of industry, and between government a mea (GDP), Product Domestic based Gross on world 65 mil- over with in the world, force labor 9th largest oped into a top economic power due to the cooperation the cooperation to due power economic a top oped into the has Japan rates. unemployment lowest the world’s of - devel has Japan products. consumer for demand a ated force. the labor ethic among work the strong and nology, boasts one services goods It and of produced. surement - industry cre of the growth and agriculture, productive Allied occupation forces. Land reforms led to more more led to Land reforms forces. Allied occupation due to the war, Japan rebuilt its economy with help from from help with economy its rebuilt Japan the war, to due great strides economically. After complete devastation devastation complete After strides economically. great are popular decorations. popular are country. Koi ponds, home to brightly-colored carp, carp, brightly-colored to home ponds, Koi country. Freshwater fish live in rivers and lakes throughout the lakes and throughout in rivers live fish Freshwater poises, and an extensive range of fish and crustaceans. crustaceans. and fish of range extensive an poises, and abundant waters are home to whales, dolphins, por whales, to dolphins, home are waters abundant ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Mineral andEnergy Resources Forestry andFishing almost no energy resourcesalmost no energy of its own. Therefore, Japan pollution. as younger workers jobsincities. seek with agriculture, age the of fishing workers is increasing are endangered, Japan continues to As practice whaling. ing freshwater pearls. Although many of species whales fishing, raisingdeep-sea clams and oysters, and farm- as well Fishingfood as exports. workers engage in fishing resources. Fishing provides much the of nation’s imports lumber to most meet of its needs. is expensive and inefficient. Asa result, the country that can’t reached. be In addition, inJapan logging of lumber these resources grow inmountainous areas less expensive.food ference prices and infood import taxes inorder to make However, consumers now want less government inter import of inorder rice to encourage self-sufficiency. poultry, pork, and Until beef. 1999,Japan banned the flowers,fruit, sugarcane, wheat.and Farmers raise also Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020| Appendix 1:Journey totheEastern Hemisphere Excerpt Japan severely lacks resources mineral and has Japan’s waters sufferfrom over-fishing as as well With its extensive coastline, Japan has abundant Although forests cover 69%of Japan’s land, much cropsThe primary arerice,barley, vegetables, tea, Asia |JapanAsia - Manufacturing ing them. Japan imports resources these more cheaply than min- ture not does allow for efficient so large-scale mining, zinc, lead, copper, and other minerals. Its infrastruc nuclearall power plants. into environment. the Since Japan then, has shut down a nuclear power plant, releasing dangerous radioactivity nami inMarch of that year caused extensive damage to from nuclear plants. However, an earthquake and tsu petroleum. Until 2011,Japan got about 25%of its power thatenergy mainly comes from natural coal, gas, and tories, businesses, and homes require avast amount of and second-largest the importer of oil. The many fac- is world’s the largest importer of and coal natural gas tools, as well as ships, chemicals, and textiles, processed nologically advanced motor vehicles, electronics, and biles), Panasonic, and Sony. Japan manufactures tech- brands like Honda, Nissan, and Toyota automo (all largest and most advanced. Japan is home to major before. Japan’s industrial plants rank among world’s the andgoods, has done more so and more efficiently than greater numbers, better quality, and more variety of manufacturing. Since World War II,Japan has produced Japan of has iron only coal, reserves small ore, Japan’s great economic growth comes through its |39 - - - ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. - - Traditionally, the Japanese people traveled mainly mainly traveled people the Japanese Traditionally, major Japan’s all connect of bridges and Tunnels Over 70% of Japanese workers are employed in the employed are workers Japanese Over 70% of on foot, sometimes using small wagons to transport transport to small wagons using sometimes foot, on railways however, goods. 1800’s, Beginning in the late - transport for means became important ships iron and roads of fact, the goods. development In and people ing - confus in resulted and production laggedbehindcar cit growing inthe patterns traffic congested and ing clogging automobiles of number the huge ies. Today, pollution, with problems causes areas urban Japan’s traffic. and noise, air an has area metropolitan every and major islands, tunnel runs railway undersea first world’s port. The the to also is home Japan Honshu. and between Kyushu Kaikyo Akashi bridge—the suspension longest world’s service industry, and this sector accounts for about 70% 70% about for this sector accounts and service industry, many on relies population large Japan’s the economy. of teachers, accountants, bankers, as service such workers service jobs that Many managers. and lawyers, doctors, benefits. and good pay provide higher education require restaurants and theaters, shops, in small retail Workers security. job less have and pay earn lower Services Services Transportation - - Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey As Japan rebuilt after the devastation of World World of devastation the after rebuilt Japan As For a long time, Japan experienced trade surpluses Japan time, a long For | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 40 | increased. By the 1990’s, Japan’s large construction com construction large Japan’s the 1990’s, By increased. States. the United and Kingdom, economy. Roads, bridges, homes, factories, and build and factories, homes, Roads, bridges, economy. shops and offices, buildings, apartment for thedemand the United Asia, throughout projects large building War II, construction became an important sector of the sector of important became an II, construction War soared, the population As needed beings to rebuilt. the world, parts of other into expand began to panies government eased restrictions on imported goods. imported eased on restrictions government uneasy with Japan’s surpluses. As a result, the Japanese the Japanese a result, As surpluses. Japan’s with uneasy nations experienced economic slowdowns, they became slowdowns, experienced economic nations goods like cars and electronics. When these wealthy these wealthy When electronics. and goods cars like Western Europe, and East Asia purchased consumer consumer purchased East Asia and Europe, Western Construction return. Mainly wealthy countries in North America, in North countries wealthy Mainly return. bought more goods from Japan than Japan bought in bought Japan than Japan goods from more bought with many other nations. That means the other nations nations other the means That nations. other many with to sell at a large mark-up. a large sellto at cars, computers, cameras, televisions, and other goods other and televisions, cameras, computers, cars, components, or pieces, and then assemble them into them into then assemble and pieces, or components, other countries. Manufacturing plants typically import import typically plants Manufacturing countries. other foods. A large portion of these goods are exported to exported these to goods portion of are foods. A large ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Jomon Period (10,000–300 BCE) Communication Honshu and Awaji Island. Bridge that spans 6,529feet (1,990meters) between knew almost nothingknew about prehistoric Japan. Since has strengthened with other ties nations. significant political,economicandsocial, reforms and tural growth. Since end the of war, the Japan has made stagnationsocial punctuated cul of by peaceful periods turbulentically nation, of war periods and experiencing years before war, the Japan isolated was and avery polit “before” and “after” World War II. Forthousands of trols broadcasting. pay a yearly license fee to government, the con which United States. Japanese families that own television sets adults and children, have even become popular in the sands Manga of books. new yearnewspapers it and publishes every tens of thou cellular phones. day, Every Japan publishes about 120 access to Internet, the satellite television and radio, and among world. inthe best the citizens Almost all have Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020| Appendix 1:Journey totheEastern Hemisphere Excerpt Until fairly recently, historians and archaeologists Japan’s long is history quite decisively split into Japan’s and communication postal networks are JAPAN’S HISTORY , popular comic for books Asia |JapanAsia - - - - Yayoi Era (300BCE–300 CE) stones, bones, horns, and clay. ing made mainly of made of bark, seashells, and jewelry jomon bore impressions the of ropes, to giving name the rise ing stone monuments. pottery Their developed highly commonthe practicesof agriculture, weaving, or erect ing same this era.However, Jomon the didnot adopt resemble typical cultures from around world the dur tence. Theirpottery use andof creation polishedof tools ture, leftwhich morethorough records their exisof - Pre-Ceramic era. dubbed the has been dence period of use, this pottery or caves of invillages about 50people. Without any evi ancient civilization fire, used hunted, and lived in pits Japan to Korean the Around peninsula. this 10,000BCE mainland Asia across land straits that once connected est occupants.people These most likely migratedfrom have stone revealed tools crafted the by nation’searli World War II, however, thousands of archeological sites from and China Korea, Yayoi the to learned cultivate overtook Jomon. the Incorporating technologies new more advanced Yayoi spread eastward and eventually another culture Yayoi the called arose inKyushu. The From early this civilization arose Jomon the - cul While Jomon the culture continued to develop, , meaning “cord-marked.” The Jomon wore cloth |41 - - - - - ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. ------This desire was fulfilled in 645 when Japan expeJapan was fulfilled desire This in 645when Under various emperors, Japan’s capital city city capital Japan’s emperors, various Under lar powerful central government. powerful central lar reforms did not last. After Prince Shotoku’s death in death Shotoku’s Prince After last. not did reforms into fell the nation killedrival622, a and family son his the powerful Reportsnew Tang a period of turmoil. of a simi desire to Japanese many in China caused dynasty Taika Reforms (645) Reforms Taika rienced a complete coup d’état—a violent overthrow of of overthrow violent d’état—a coup rienced a complete newof house imperialthe head The the government. wiped and emperor as himself established Kotoku, hold, Under opposed the imperial family. that forces any out pri own longer no could citizens Japanese the emperor, on farmers as worked people most Instead, land. vate the government. to taxes paid and land government a uni and cities capital also established emperor The Taika Reforms are called the reforms These fied military. independent an as Japan new a era of they marked and reforms thesebehind theinfluence of Most nation. for systems established China, which had from came running the and land, managing society, organizing government. in other cities few a with Nara, to Asuka shifted from important more and between. became more Buddhism in par Shomu, Emperor culture. and in government the throughout Buddhism spread to worked ticular, - Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey in which to bury in which to their As dead. kofun often surround the tombs. the surround often During the 6th century, Yamato royalty began royalty Yamato During the 6th century, After the decline of the Yayoi culture around 300 around culture Yayoi of the decline the After | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 42 | spread Confucian and Buddhist ideals. However, his his ideals. However, Buddhist Confucian and spread to reform the government, Prince Shotoku worked to to worked Shotoku Prince the government, reform to to lose power to various clans. As part of the struggle part of As clans. various to loseto power haniwa armor, arrowheads, and small clay sculptures called sculptures small clay and arrowheads, armor, meters) tall, calledmeters) Swords, era. Kofun as the known often the era is a result, huge keyhole-shaped tombs, some over 1,000 feet (305 1,000 feet over some tombs, keyhole-shaped huge exchanged ideas with the Chinese. The Yamato built built Yamato the ideas Chinese. with The exchanged with Korean kingdoms, erected religious shrines, and and shrines, religious erected kingdoms, Korean with southeast of modern Kyoto. They engaged in warfare in warfare They engaged modern Kyoto. of southeast influence spread throughout the Yamato Plain, located located Plain, Yamato the throughout spread influence ture arose and united the nation under a king. Their Their a king. under the nation united and arose ture Tomb, period began. During this time, the Yamato cul period began. During the this Yamato time, Tomb, CE, a centuries-long period called the Tumulus, or or period called theCE, a centuries-long Tumulus, and surrounded by swords, beads, and mirrors. beads, and swords, by surrounded and divisions, as some graves are set apart from the others the others from set apart are graves some as divisions, burial sites indicate that Yayoi society included class society class included Yayoi that indicate burial sites (300 CE–622 CE) Era Kofun to weave vegetable fibers into cloth for clothing. Ancient Ancient clothing. for cloth into fibers vegetable weave to came into use during this period. The Yayoi used looms Yayoi this period. use during The into came make wheels. Bronze and iron tools and weapons also weapons and tools iron and wheels. Bronze make fired at higher temperatures to increase strength, to strength, increase to temperatures higher at fired and irrigate rice in wet paddies. They also used clay, paddies. rice They in wet also irrigate used clay, and ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Heian Period (794) matters ofstate. templesthe and influence the lessened of inBuddhism lems for government. the Later emperors cutwith ties wealthy and than powerful anticipated, causing prob ples’ spiritual However, needs. monks the more became to house monks and nuns would who attend- to peo He founded Buddhist temples, several called nation and incorporate its into ideals government. the dhist temples that independently functioned of the creationthe of private estates. At first, these were Bud government. family,with imperial the weakened emperor the and his nobleera, powerful families, some of whom intermarried class known as writingnese developed during and time this warrior the and indulgence also by wealthy the family. imperial Japa poetry. This waslargely a time culturalof growth peaceful positions, often nature spenttime observing and writing roles. Noble women, could who not hold government heads ofmale noble familiesother filled government as of emperor head A male family imperial the ruled while Heian the called Period that hundred lasted several years. to Heian-kyo, day modern Kyoto, to giving aperiod rise Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020| Appendix 1:Journey totheEastern Hemisphere Excerpt The crumbling imperial governmentallowed for In 794,Emperor Kammu again moved capital the samurai samurai also arose.also Toward end the of this kokubunji Asia |JapanAsia - - - , First Shogun(Late 1100’s) and maintain order. requiring employment the of samurai to protect them government interference. Some estates huge, grew to be ownedwho land without paying taxes or submitting to government. Later, grewto include they private citizens younger brothers in charge of suppressing Taira the while shogun Kamakura ineastern Japan. Yoritomo first the became ashogunate called 1180’s. in ended the In its government place, a military Japan to date. After years of fighting, Japan’s monarchy GempeiThis War erupted intothelargest in conflict Yoritomo of Minamoto the clan, mounted an uprising. nant manner. Enemies of by his, led passed-over prince domiparticularly - ina clan, ruled mori, of Taira the Emperor Kiyo- trol of nation. the clashed over con noble families, from descended clans,rival both late 1100’s, two In the the In , or military leader,, or military under emperor. the He put his - began.Thecapital was relocated to A statue of famous samurai Kusunoki Masashige |43 ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. , - - - han Another noble who had served under Nobunaga, who served had noble Nobunaga, Another under With the new advantage of European guns, a a guns, European of the new advantage With Tokugawa Ieyasu, succeeded Hideyoshi in govern succeeded Hideyoshi Ieyasu, Tokugawa the emperor, by shogun the of title Given Japan. ing 265 years. the ruled next family his for and Tokugawa author shared carefully the shogun this system, Under about controlled shogun The the daimyo. with ity trade, foreign oversaw and the farmland of one-fourth Edo of capital his including cities, major and mining, military and a large also maintained He Tokyo). (now 270 Approximately currency. issue to the soleright - the farm of three-fourths the other controlled daimyo as known own domains, They their over ruledland. collected taxes. and laws they established where Tokugawa House (1603) House (1603) Tokugawa regional lord named Nobunaga brought the capital the capital brought Nobunaga named lord regional a large commanding By control. his under Kyoto of areas other to order bring began to he military force, Toyotomi 1582, in murder Nobunaga’s After Japan. of made Hideyoshi sev efforts. his continued Hideyoshi He nation. to the order return to reforms eral effective the to control restored farmers, disarmed the peasant With farmlands. reorganized and samurai, disorderly even tried Hideyoshi in Japan, improving conditions unsuccessful. was but Korea, invade twice to - - - - Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey , controlling large areas of of areas large controlling , daimyo By the 1460’s, Japan was reduced to a collection a of to reduced was Japan the 1460’s, By a Christian mission During this time in the 1500’s, The shogunate, however, was an unstable form form an unstable was however, shogunate, The | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 44 | private estate owners, and Buddhist monks all pro to had monks Buddhist and owners, estate private warring clans with no central authority. Peasant farmers, farmers, Peasant authority. central no with clans warring powerful lords, called powerfullords, period in Japan. civil war a long of to leading another, Kyoto that lasted just over 100 years. 100 years. over just lasted that Kyoto sam traveling hired Some protection. their own vide for became Otherarmies. samurai smallprivate form to urai one fought daimyo The warriors. of armies and farmland The Ashikaga established a new central government in government new a central established Ashikaga The the government in Kamakura fell to the Ashikaga clan. clan. the Ashikaga to fell in Kamakura the government Minamoto family lost control to a clan called Hojo and and called a clan Hojo to control lost family Minamoto lost property and power to the shogun’s supporters. The The supporters. the shogun’s to power and property lost government lost influence while private estate owners owners estate private while influence lost government of government. Over the next 200 years, the imperial Over 200 years, the next government. of these estates to nobles who swore their loyalty to him. to their loyalty who swore nobles to these estates vate estates and public lands. He awarded positions over over positions awarded He lands. public and estates vate he increased his own power by taking control of both pri of taking control by power own his increased he added firearms to aid in war. them to added firearms especially, took interest in the advanced weapons and and weapons in the advanced interest took especially, but they eagerly bought European goods. The daimyo, goods. daimyo, The European bought they eagerly but Japanese had little interest in converting to Christianity, Christianity, to in converting interest little had Japanese Japanese to luxury goods from Portuguese traders. The The traders. luxury to Portuguese goods from Japanese In addition to sharing Christianity, he introduced the introduced he Christianity, sharing to addition In ary, Saint Francis Xavier, came to Japan from Portugal. Portugal. from Japan to came Xavier, Francis Saint ary, ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Seclusion Edicts (1630’s) civil war.civil Japan’s economy developed as workers focused and entered after of atime so many peace centuries of Japan had cut off most contactwiththe rest the of world traveling overseas. mid-1800’s. Even Japanese traders were prohibited from limited interaction with European the world until the Nagasaki. From remote this location, Japan maintained traders to remain, but were they confined the cityto of “closed allowed country”) only afew Dutch and Chinese most foreigners.expelled policy of sakoku This Japan, shogun the issued ence from toppling delicate the power structure in rificing foreigntrade. In order to prevent foreign influ under following the shoguns, evento point the of sac Christianity. prohibit with Hideyoshi’s heir against him,and took steps so to Ieyasuerful. thought that Christians would sides take and make individual daimyo more wealthy and pow- largely religion Christian and potential their to trade shogun saw presence their as athreat, due both to their owntheir religious and beliefs economic The needs. land, Netherlands, the and brought China with them grow in Japan. Immigrants from Portugal, Spain, Eng - Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020| Appendix 1:Journey totheEastern Hemisphere Excerpt A period of isolationA period and internal growth followed. policy of The outlawingChristianity continued time, this groupsDuring of foreigners began to seclusion edicts seclusion -orders that (or Asia |JapanAsia - - Japan Opened(1854) nese art and art nese theater forms, such as saw the development period This of distinctly new Japa operations. In cities, the and arts culture flourished. firms developed and conductedtrade and management chants to learned alike save and invest money. Financial on rather trades their than fighting. Farmers and mer merchants, Japan’s only European at trading partner sure on Japan to open its for ports trade.Dutch The and inability the to improve standing. social their samuraithe dissatisfied became with declining incomes and harsh lords, joined together to protest. Meanwhile, households. Peasant farmers, suffering poor harvests Women low had especially status, evenwithin own their classes of warriors, farmers, artisans, and merchants. inworldrigid history. was into divided Society strict inJapanoped was among during period this most the of commercial entities. The systemthatfeudal devel - freedoms. Its financial problems led to slow development however. government The strict discouraged individual improved. developed, communication and transportation also one of largest the cities world. inthe As urban centers and bunraku Around 1845,British traders began putting pres- The Tokugawa erawas notwithout its problems, (puppet theater). grewto Edo become kabuki (stage drama) |45 - - ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. - - As the feudal system of the Tokugawa house crum- house the Tokugawa of the system feudal As Sweeping political changes came to Japan in 1868 Japan to came political changes Sweeping ernment. That year, a group of samurai convinced the convinced of samurai a group year, That ernment. the imperial to power restored and resign to shogun they people, the Japanese of the consent Without house. needed more become to Japan the beliefacted that on A boy powers. Western with competitive secure and became Rule,” “Enlightened or Meiji, named emperor as known in a revolution the government the head of the who leaders master reality, In Restoration. the Meiji so ruled than the country more minded the revolution emperor. the young influence foreign of stresses the combined under bled nation’s shifted the the new emperor strife, internal and the into moved He unification. to isolation focus from to name the city’s changed castle in Edo and Tokugawa served Japan’s as the West of nations Powerful Tokyo. power, industrial unity, constitutional new model for Nation the “Enriching slogan military The and strength. new the Military” became Japan’s Strengthening and - develop in economic invested government The motto. mines, of the development including the nation, of ment was the government Eventually, factories. and shipyards, many Itsold run to efficiently. these industries unable a run by and owned typically groups private to ventures when imperial rule again replaced the shogunate gov the shogunate when imperial rule replaced again Meiji Era (1868–1912) (1868–1912) Meiji Era - Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey Throughout Japan, the samurai and daimyo held held daimyo and the samurai Japan, Throughout Pressure to open Japan’s ports to foreign trade ports foreign to Japan’s open to Pressure | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 46 | shogun government. shogun officials. Others plotted, but failed, to overthrow the overthrow to failed, but plotted, officials. Others became so enraged that they attacked and killed foreign killed and foreign they attacked became that so enraged rights that the Japanese did not receive in return. Some Some in return. receive did not the Japanese that rights agreement was unfair because it granted Americans Americans granted because it unfair was agreement divided opinions about the treaty. Many felt that the that felt Many the treaty. about divided opinions citizens to fall under U.S. law while on Japanese soil. Japanese while on law fall U.S. to under citizens international trade. In addition, it allowed for American American for allowed it addition, In trade. international Japan and the U.S. that opened five Japanese to ports Japanese five opened that the U.S. and Japan 1858, they between succeeded a tradein signing treaty he returned a year later, negotiations for trade began. By trade began. By for negotiations later, a year returned he Perry of the U.S. navy was rebuffed by the shogun. When When shogun. by the rebuffed was navy the U.S. Perry of On the latter of these visits, Commodore Matthew C. C. Matthew Commodore these visits, of On the latter increased with the arrival of U.S. ships in 1846 and 1853. in 1846 and ships U.S. the arrival of with increased had done in the past. done had defenses, but did not drive away the foreign ships as it it as ships the foreign away drive did not but defenses, Japan to request trade relationships. Japan increased its its increased Japan trade relationships. request to Japan the next few years, British and French warships visited visited warships French and British years, few thenext trade ports. However, the Japanese rulers Over refused. the Japanese trade ports. However, erlands made efforts to control the opening of Japanese Japanese of opening the to control efforts made erlands into their profits. In response, diplomats from the Neth the from diplomats response, In their profits. into that point, became nervous that the British would cut cut would theBritish became nervous that point, that ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. were abolished. At first,the governmentpaid former distinct hairstyletheir and privilege swords of carrying entirely.samurai The were reduced to commoners, and prefectures, or were removed from positions political Thedaimyo became governors over established newly return extensive their lands to control under throne. the reach its goals of enriching nation. the large very andbe wealthy helping while government the family. These Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020| Appendix 1:Journey totheEastern Hemisphere Excerpt The imperial governmentpersuaded lords to zaibatsu , as they became known, became , as grew to they Narita’s Gaku-do Hall, erected in1861 Asia |JapanAsia nation’sConstitution. first the emperorset It the as Restoration. Government leaders established the power top the became Asia. inEast military shipbuilding and weapons. After justtwo decades, Japan former as soldiers. farmers It to serve invested also in to increase defenses, Meiji the egy leadership recruited force. military enriched As of part nation’s the strat- 1876 due to financial strains. samurai an annual pension, but in practiceended this Political changes as aresult occurred of Meiji the Some samurai found work leadingnewly the |47 ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. - After the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese became Japanese the Restoration, Meiji the After strong enough to expand their influence into Taiwan, Taiwan, into their influence expand to enough strong the Following military by force. Manchuria and Korea, Britain, as such powerful empires, other of example led to growth for desire and superiority sense of Japan’s Imperialism Begins (1895) (1895) Imperialism Begins also served to build a sense of superiority among the also served among superiority a sense build of to ideology alsousedreligious to government The people. reli the top as Buddhism replacing unity, national build the supported beliefs that of system Shinto—a with gion throne. - - The Imperial Palace in Tokyo Palace in Imperial The Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey The final facet of Japan’s enrichment wasthe devel enrichment Japan’s of final facet The | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 48 | even more limited than they than been had limited in the past. even more became head of the household and women’s rights were were rights women’s and the household became head of little power or influence in government. By law, males By law, government. in influence or power little to pursue an occupation of their own choosing, they choosing, had their own of occupation an pursue to of citizens. While Japanese people gained more freedom freedom more gained people Japanese While citizens. of also organized the court system and identified the rights the rights identified and the system court also organized Cabinet members, and a legislature with two houses. It It houses. two with a legislature and members, Cabinet official head of government along with prime ministers, ministers, with prime along government of head official people to improve their social and economic status. It It status. their social economic and improve to people opment of national pride. Toward this end, the govern this end, Toward pride. national of opment which allowed school system, a public established ment ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. (1930) Military Takes Control ofGovernment Japan Enters World War I(1914) resented colonization. their Japanese treated Koreans the poorly and Koreans the conquest new the for rice, industry, and workers. The gained ground inManchuria. Once again, exploited they tosia gain control of Korea. also time, this they During in 1905,Japan entered into afive-year war against Rus colony, providing nation the and with rice sugar. Then, land this new acquisition used They as an agricultural Japanwhen won ashort war to control take of Taiwan. force. war over and rule imperialism—the aforeign land by war brought arenewal of Western inIndia trade and businesses) evenlarger. became Asia. As Japan’s economy the boomed, into markets deserted newly inIndia and other of parts opportunities.new Exporters and manufacturers moved andtrade investment Japan East, inthe capitalized on effortthe drew attention of Western nations awayfrom with Britain and against Allies the Germany. As war the Japan to extend its influence. In 1914, Japan sides took Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020| Appendix 1:Journey totheEastern Hemisphere Excerpt Their first victory Theircame first against victory China in1895, The boom timesboom The were short lived. The end the of World War Iprovided opportunities further for zaibatsu (family Asia |JapanAsia - the Unitedthe States and nations. other Allied two countries with these squarely them pacts set against Fascist Italy were causing trouble West. inthe Japan’s ers concerned. became At that time, Nazi Germany and marched through and China Southeast Asia, world pow increase its and territory influence. As Japanese armies government. primethe minister took control and military the of the The following year,group a of nationalists assassinated groups—those sought who to build up nation the again. army opposed the who threats faced from nationalist In took back control 1931,they of Manchuria. Officials moretrol, became military the and powerful aggressive. minister and to othermaintain officialsstruggled con- many the dle problems facing nation. the As prime the Japan’sened holdings inManchuria. age. Meanwhile, strengthened forces Chinese threat overkilling 140,000people and causing extensive dam- worsebecame amassive when Tokyo, earthquake struck late 1920’s, Japan’s economy suffered. The situation bined with worldwide the economic depression of the Asia, cutting into Japan’s commercial ventures.- Com Under leadership, military new Japan sought to By 1930’s, the Japan’s leaders could no longer han - |49 - - ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. - - After the war, U.S. forces, under the direction of direction under the forces, U.S. war, the After newa established advisors his and MacArthur Facing inevitable defeat, Emperor Hirohito Hirohito Emperor defeat, inevitable Facing General Douglas MacArthur, occupied Japan to over to Japan occupied General Douglas MacArthur, but remained, government Japanese The see reforms. its carry the American-inspired the to ideals of only out 5 million than more these part changes, of As changes. of military Thousands disarmed. were troops Japanese more crimes and war tried for were soldiers and leaders imprisoned. Others were executed. 900 were than the from power removed It Japan. for Constitution Japanese Constitution (1946) Japanese Constitution tion, he requested that the Allies respect the wishes of the Allies of respect the wishes that requested he tion, of preserve the to imperial position people the Japanese an officials boarded settled, Japanese that With emperor. set the forth terms to agreed and battleship American Japanese of all surrender the Allies. included This by in the Pacific. islands and Asia territory in mainland a few and islands main four just to Japan reduced It decades later until wasn’t It ones. smallersurrounding the Bonin of control over turned States the United that - Rus Japan. to Islands the Ryukyu and Jima, Iwo Islands, territory. Japan’s once Islands, sia still the Kuril occupies larger atomic bomb. Meanwhile, Russia jumped on the the on jumped Russia Meanwhile, bomb. atomic larger Korea. and Manchuria invading by nation weakened the sole condi 14. As August on surrender to agreed - - Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey At that point, the United States went after the Jap the after went States the United point, that At At first, the war with Japan seemed evenly matched. seemedmatched. evenly Japan with war the first, At War came suddenly and by surprise in the form surprise in the form by and suddenly came War Japan did not immediately enter into World War War World into enter immediately did not Japan | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 50 | the Japanese government began to crumble in 1944. crumble began to government the Japanese tory at the Battle of Midway. Suffering a string of defeats, of defeats, string a Suffering Midway. of the Battle tory at in somewhat of a draw. Then the U.S. won a decisive vic- a decisive won U.S. Then the a draw. of in somewhat pitted U.S. and Australian navies against Japan, resulted resulted Japan, against navies Australian and U.S. pitted and the South Pacific. The Battle of theCoral Battle TheSea, which Pacific. the South and Japan gained ground with victories in Southeast Asia Asia in Southeast victories with ground gained Japan allies, Germany and Italy. and allies, Germany United States entered into war against Japan and its its and Japan against war into entered States United Philippines. Spurred into action by these attacks, the these attacks, by action into Spurred Philippines. in other areas of the Pacific, including Guam and and the Guam including the Pacific, of areas in other bor in Hawaii. The Japanese also bombed U.S. bases also bombed Japanese The in Hawaii. bor of an air strike against U.S. military bases at Pearl Har military Pearl bases at U.S. strike against air an of Prime Minister General Hideki Tojo prepared for war. for prepared Tojo General Hideki Minister Prime When the U.S. cut off exports to Japan, newly instituted newly instituted Japan, exportsto off cut the U.S. When further south, causing the United States to take action. to States the United further causing south, French Indochina. By 1941, Japanese troops had moved moved had troops 1941, Japanese By Indochina. French II at its start in 1939. Instead, it slowly sent troops into into troops sent slowly it start Instead, in 1939. its at II World War II (1941–1945) II (1941–1945) War World later, the United States bombed Nagasaki with an even even an with bombed Nagasaki States the United later, city of Hiroshima, causing complete devastation. Days Days devastation. complete causing Hiroshima, of city 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the the on bomb atomic an dropped States 1945, the United and blocking imports of vital supplies. On August 6, 6, On August vital supplies. of imports blocking and anese homeland, bombing cities and industrial targets, targets, industrial and cities bombing homeland, anese ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. well-received by most Japanese. supportthe of emperor, the Constitution new the was educational system, and labor unions. legalized With structures. They redistributed farmlands, changedthe reorganize and rebuild Japan’s and economic social of women and children. Occupying forces worked to expanded rights the of also citizens, those especially of head the became government. the Constitution The body, and aprime minister, by elected legislature, the legislature two-part new lawmaking new the became emperor, maintaining himonly as afigurehead. A Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020| Appendix 1:Journey totheEastern Hemisphere Excerpt Gardens surround Tokyo’s Imperial Palace Asia |JapanAsia Postwar Period to renew with foreign trade In partners. addition, the With many so trading ships destroyed, Japan was unable and famine, living conditions in poor villages. in rural jobsandtheir lived inpoverty. inflation faced They ies and many industrial resources. Most Japanese lost afterthe war. Bombing had destroyed mostlarge cit- when Japanwhen treaty apeace with signed 48nations. Despite optimistic reforms, Japan shape was inbad Allied occupationAllied continued until April 28,1952, |51 ©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. - In 1989, Emperor Akihito began his reign in a time in reign began his Akihito 1989, Emperor In high labor currency, strong Japan’s Meanwhile, of political and economic turmoil. The The Liberal Demo turmoil. economic political and of been which had (LDP), the ruling political Party cratic next decade The became corrupt. party the 1950’s, since and party respect to with influence severalsaw changes coalitions. - manufac its made values high estate real and costs, trade partners. foreign for goods expensive tured goods from low-priced favor to began Consumers addition, exports. In Japan’s over nations developing defaulted that loans from suffered system the banking Like in the 1990’s. prices estate in real a drop to due Modern Challenges Flag of Japan of Flag Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey After about a decade of concentrated effort and effort of concentrated a decade about After | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 52 | for a first-ever royal visit to Western Europe. Western to visit royal a first-ever for 1959 and Emperor Hirohito leaving the country in 1971 leaving Hirohito Emperor 1959 and with Crown Prince Akihito marrying a commoner in marrying Akihito Prince commoner a Crown with jobs. Even the imperial house eased into modern eased times the imperial house into Even jobs. back to cities, leaving farming for service for industry farming and leaving cities, to back economic levels by the mid-1950’s. People began moving began moving People the mid-1950’s. by levels economic wise money management, helped it return to prewar prewar to return it helped management, wise money to recover. The nation’s strong work ethic, along with with ethic, along work strong nation’s The recover. to financial assistance from the United States, Japan began began Japan States, United the from assistance financial much from other nations. other from much currency was worth so little it couldn’t purchase as as purchase couldn’t it currency so worth was little 100% money-back guarantee! Request acatalog to get started today! homeschool curriculum. with Sonlight's fully planned,flexible Enjoy this way of learningall year ENJOYINGTHIS TASTE OF EDUCATION LOOKS LIKE? WHATSONLIGHT A

©2021 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. reform inJapan. ister in2012.He has continued working for economic 13 years, Abe again rose to position the of prime min leadership, including 11different ministersprime in due of to Afterseveral changes scandals. aseries in Shinzo Abe resigned in2006,who shortly thereafter that would revive nation. the He by was succeeded primebecame minister, promising economic reforms declined, and incomes stopped growing. economic recession. Unemployment rose, spending many other nations at time, the Japan entered an Japan: Prepare for theSummer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020| Appendix 1:Journey totheEastern Hemisphere Excerpt In 2001,dynamic Junichiro leader Koizumi

Asia |JapanAsia - missing. 16,000 people were and thousands killed of others went intoradioactivity environment. the In addition, some of tsunami, the anuclear power plant dangerous leaked ple, leaving apath of complete As destruction. aresult areas.rural It swept away homes, trains, cars, and peo nami—a 23-foot wave—that ocean cities and flooded nation, just offthe coast of Honshu. triggered atsuIt effects the powerfulof earthquakemost ever to hitthe In March of 2011,Japan sufferedthe devastating SONLIGHT.COM/CATALOG |53 - -

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4-Day HBL F 36 week curriculum. 36 week curriculum. in the full, ­ your adventure your There is no need for advance preparation, research, or even lesson research, preparation, There is no need for advance Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Eastern the to Journey Learn more at sonlight.com/hblf

planning. It’s open and go—just like this Japan study was! It’s planning.

Explore much more of Asia, plus the Middle East, Africa, the South Pacific— the South Africa, plus the Middle East, Asia, of Explore much more

including Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica— New Zealand and Australia, including

Continue Level F includes: History, Geography, Bible, Readers, and Read-Alouds, all fully outlined in your Instructor’s Instructor’s in your outlined all fully Read-Alouds, and Readers, Bible, Geography, History, F includes: Level you simply open your Each Guide guide day, (also to Workincluded). find down your daily the lesson plan. and discussing what you read, reading the assigned pages or chapters with your children, column, day’s doing any map or timeline work. into the Eastern Hemisphere. Eastern into the This printable activity book comes from Sonlight’s Level F, History program. / Bible / Literature Level F, activity book comes from Sonlight’s This printable | Appendix 1: Journey to the Eastern Hemisphere Excerpt | Japan: Prepare for the Summer Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Tokyo Games Olympic the Summer for Prepare | Japan: Excerpt to the Eastern Hemisphere 1: Journey Appendix 54 |