Countering Violent Extremism: Mapping Perceptions, Practices and Potential of Private Sector and Local Businesses
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Countering Violent Extremism: Mapping Perceptions, Practices and Potential of Private Sector and Local Businesses Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. v Acronyms .............................................................................................................................................. vii List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ ix List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................... xi List of Boxes ........................................................................................................................................ xiii Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. xv INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 3 METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................................. 6 Section-II .............................................................................................................................................. 11 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT ................................................................................................................. 11 A. SOUTH PUNJAB: ........................................................................................................................ 11 B. KARACHI:.................................................................................................................................. 14 Section-III ............................................................................................................................................. 19 VIOLENT EXTREMISM: NATURE AND IMPACT ON PRIVATE SECTOR AND LOCAL BUSINESS ............... 19 NATURE OF VIOLENT EXTREMISM ................................................................................................ 20 VIOLENT EXTREMISM AND ITS IMPACT ON LOCAL BUSINESS AND PRIVATE SECTOR ................. 22 Section-IV ............................................................................................................................................. 27 VIOLENT EXTREMISM: PERCEPTION, POTENTIAL AND PRACTICES OF LOCAL PRIVATE SECTOR TO RESPOND ............................................................................................................................................... 27 VIOLENT EXTREMISM: THE PUSH FACTORS ................................................................................. 27 PRIVATE SECTOR SPENDING: TRENDS AND PRACTICE ................................................................. 29 PRIVATE SECTOR: POTENTIAL ROLE IN COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM .............................. 32 Section-V .............................................................................................................................................. 39 CORPORATE SECTOR: IDENTIFYING THE ROLE AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS .......................................... 39 CONCLUSION AND LOOKING AHEAD .................................................................................................... 47 KNOWLEDGE GENERATION: .......................................................................................................... 48 ENTRY POINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR PRIVATE SECTOR ENGAGEMENT: ............................... 49 Annex-I ................................................................................................................................................. 53 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................... 53 Annex-II ................................................................................................................................................ 56 List of Key Informant Interviews: Local Business, Private Sector, and Public Sector Representatives .............................................................................................................................................................. 56 I-SAPS Page | iii Annex-III .............................................................................................................................................. 62 List of Key Informant Interviews: Corporate Sector ............................................................................ 62 Annex-IV .............................................................................................................................................. 63 List of Focus Group Discussions and Participants ................................................................................ 63 Annex-V ................................................................................................................................................ 70 Private Sector Organisations/Individuals Supporting Sports, Festivals, Literary Gatherings etc. ........ 70 Annex-VI .............................................................................................................................................. 73 Note on Sample- Geographical Coverage, Sample Size, and Nature ................................................... 73 I-SAPS Page | iv Acknowledgements Institute of Social and Policy Sciences (I-SAPS) wishes to thank all those individuals who contributed to this study by facilitating data collection, and the colleagues who contributed towards the technical part of the study. We are especially grateful to the representatives of private sector business organizations, district traders associations and CSR teams of corporate sector organizations, whose keen interest provided a key stimulus for the current report. We are thankful to the core team led by including Ahmad Ali, Research Fellow, Noman Ahmed, Research Associate and Iman Hassan Research Fellow for undertaking the research. I-SAPS owes a debt of gratitude to those who were so generous with their time and expertise, we are particularly grateful to Mr. Adeel Jafferi and Mr. Bilal Sherpao of Azm-e-Pakistan, USAID for their rich and valuable insights which have immensely enriched the analysis. We are also thankful to the experts for reviewing the draft chapters and suggesting improvements. We would also like to express our sincere gratitude to Azm-e-Pakistan for their support, cooperation and continuous encouragement. I-SAPS Page | v Acronyms AKTI All Karachi Traders‟ Alliance CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CT Counter Terrorism CVE Countering Violent Extremism FGD Focus Group Discussions FMCG Fast-Moving Consumer Goods KCCA Karachi Cricket Club Association KE Karachi Electric (KE) KEDA Karachi Electronics Dealers Association KII Key Informant Interviews MPCL Mari Petroleum Company Limited NACTA National Counter Terrorism Authority NAP National Action Plan NISP National Internal Security Policy OECD Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development OICCI Overseas Investors Chamber of Commerce and Industry PCP Pakistan Center for Philanthropy PLC Public Listed Companies PMI Philip Morris International PPAF Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund PSS Philanthropy Support Services PTCL Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited SANA Sindhi Association of North America SECP Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan SITE Sind Industrial Trading Estate Area VE Violent Extremist VEOs Violent Extremist Organizations I-SAPS Page | vii List of Figures Figure 1: Civilian and LEA Fatalities 2005-15.......................................................................... 4 Figure 3: Nature of Violent Extremism ................................................................................... 20 Figure 4: Types of Violent Extremism .................................................................................... 21 Figure 5: Actors Facilitating Violent Extremism..................................................................... 21 Figure 6: Does Violent Extremism Effects Business Activities .............................................. 22 Figure 7: Effect of VE on Local Business and Private Sector ................................................. 22 Figure 8: Consequences of VE - District Wise ........................................................................ 23 Figure 9: Violent Extremism- Contributing Factors ................................................................ 27 Figure 10: Lack of Social Facilities and Violent Extremism ................................................... 28 Figure 11: Section of Society Most Susceptible to Violent Extremism .................................. 28 Figure 12: Local Private Sector Spending Patterns ................................................................. 30 Figure 14: Do Private Sector and Local Business have Role in Countering Violent Extremism? .............................................................................................................................. 33 Figure 15: What Possible Actions Private Sector/Local Business Should Take for CVE....... 33 Figure 14: Private Sector/Local Business Actions for CVE -District Wise ............................ 35 I-SAPS Page | ix List of Tables Table 1: Overview of the Private