DOCSLIB.ORG

Remembering the Battle of Kings Mountain

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Remembering the Battle of Kings Mountain Jordan Jenkins Backcountry Heroes and Lowcountry Scoundrels: Remembering the Battle of Kings Mountain On October 6, 1780, British Major Patrick Ferguson made the fateful decision to camp out in the mountains of northern South Carolina to wait for reinforcements before joining General Charles Cornwallis’s forces in Charlotte. Ferguson was the only Briton on the crest of Kings Mountain that day: rather than trained British soldiers, all of his troops were Tory militiamen from the Carolinas, New York, or New Jersey. Ferguson was aware that he was in a fairly dangerous predicament —Whig militias from west of the Appalachians had joined forces and were pursuing him faster than he originally anticipated—but the major assumed that his position atop the mountain would give him the advantage if the so-called “Overmountain Men” were to attack. Ferguson was so confdent in the safety of his camp that he did not take any defensive measures other than parking his wagons by his headquarters. If local legend is to be believed, Ferguson (also known as “the Bulldog”) declared to his militiamen that “Tis is Kings Mountain and I am king of this mountain. God Almighty and all the rebels of hell cannot drive me from it!”1 Te Bulldog followed through on his vow to never 1 Robert W. Brown, Jr., Kings Mountain and Cowpens: Our Victory Was Complete (Charleston: The History Press, 2009), 47, 51, 58. 178 Jordan Jenkins Artist Lloyd Branson’s Gathering of Overmountain Men at Sycamore Shoals, painted in 1915, depicts the Overmountain Men en route to their victory over British loyalist forces at the Battle of Kings Mountain in 1780, a pivotal victory in the Southern Campaign of the Revolutionary War. (Image courtesy of Wikipedia.) leave Kings Mountain: he was killed by Whig militiamen the next day and is buried near the campsite. Te Battle of Kings Mountain (1780) was a decisive American victory that proved to be pivotal in the Southern Campaign of the Revolutionary War. Tis battle in the Carolina backcountry stood out due to its unusual combatants. While most major Revolutionary battles were fought between British and American regulars aided by militias on either side, Kings Mountain was fought almost entirely between colonial militias. Te Loyalist militias’ failure to hold Kings Mountain, coupled with the British failure to recruit enough colonists and maintain order in conquered Southern cities, played an invaluable role in Cornwallis’s ultimate defeat and the British surrender. But the Battle of Kings Mountain was unfattering to the Patriot cause. Consequently, though the National Parks Service’s (NPS) portrayal of the battle claims that the Patriot frontiersmen were ideal representations of the American cause, their contemporaries derided the lifestyles and tactics of the Overmountain Men and other frontiersmen who joined them in the fght against Ferguson. In their telling of the Battle of Kings Mountain, the NPS places ease of understanding over accuracy, which warps the public memory of the battle and the Revolution. Te park’s portrayal of the militiamen paints the Whigs as fercely independent proponents of revolutionary ideals. Te Overmountain Men in 179 Traces | The UNC-Chapel Hill Journal of History particular are presented as brave frontiersmen who would stop at nothing to defend their country and their liberties. A mural and audio presentation in the park museum presents a typical Whig frontiersman as saying that he considered backcountry settlers as “not at the end of the world, but where the new world’s beginning.”2 According to the mural, the frontiersman was happy to “break the land to grow corn and wheat” in order to “tam[e] that world and mak[e] it ours.”3 In another series of unattributed quotations, the park claims that frontiersmen joined the fray because the British were “a foreign government that is not here to protect us, but to suppress us,” and that they were familiar with such a political struggle because they were “Scots-Irish and came to … carve [their] own lives, away from the control of the Crown.”4 Such an image of frontier life certainly rings true on some levels: many backcountry settlers were Scotch-Irish or German immigrants, and those who took up arms did so mostly to protect their property from raids.5 However, this portrayal serves to appeal to a museumgoer’s sense of pride in American hardiness and to elicit sympathy for a simple farmer trying to protect himself from tyranny. In reality, this idyllic portrayal fails to acknowledge that many of the dangers facing Southern colonists came from the Whigs themselves, not just from the British. Te park’s glorifcation of Whig militiamen is complemented by its demonization of Tory militiamen. Compared to the portrait of the rough but principled Whig, the Tory is depicted as comically vermin-like and cowardly. While the mural of the Whig frontiersman shows him as an attractive man dutifully riding to defend his wife and property, the mural of the Tory militiaman reveals him as an ugly minion of the Crown, too steeped in formal training and arrogance to appreciate the threat that the Whig militias posed.6 Tis portrayal cheapens Loyalists’ motivations and sacrifces in the war and excuses Patriot atrocities that occurred during the battle and shortly thereafer. Te park’s struggle to accurately describe 2 National Parks Service, frontier mural, Kings Mountain National Military Park, observed October 30, 2016. 3 Ibid. 4 National Parks Service, museum audio tour, Kings Mountain National Military Park, observed October 30, 2016. 5 Eric Hinderaker and Peter C. Mancall, At the Edge of Empire: The Backcountry in British North America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003), 172. 6 National Parks Service, Tory mural and museum audio tour, Kings Mountain National Military Park, observed October 30, 2016; National Parks Service, “God Save the King!” Kings Mountain National Military Park, observed October 30, 2016. 180 Jordan Jenkins A Patriot Militia reenactor places a stone on the grave of Major Patrick Ferguson. It was erected in 1930 as a “token of ... appreciation of the bonds of friendship and peace” between the US and British. According to local legend, visitors must put rocks on Ferguson’s grave to prevent him from rising again. (Photo courtesy of Southern Fried Common Sense.) the Battle of Kings Mountain to a modern audience likely arises from the goal to make history easily digestible for children and the general public. By fattening the Whigs and the Tories into one-dimensional fgures of American determination and patriotism on the one hand and obsequious cowardliness on the other, the public memory of Kings Mountain becomes a familiar tale of good triumphing over evil. Unfortunately, this simplifed version of the battle refects neither the faults of the Whigs nor the complexity of the Tories. By portraying the Loyalists as despicable and calling upon the infamous (though largely fabricated) bloodthirst of Banastre Tarleton at the Battle of Waxhaws, the park tries to justify the killing of Major Ferguson and of Tories afer their surrender.7 A flm in the museum explores the tension between lofy revolutionary ideals and the reality on the ground at Kings Mountain. Contrary to the image of the Overmountain Men presented everywhere else at the site, the flm describes the Whig militia afer the battle as more of an unruly and fearful mob than as a moral company of 7 Brown, Kings Mountain and Cowpens, 38-39, 80-81. 181 Traces | The UNC-Chapel Hill Journal of History The Overmountain Man statue, by Jon-Mark Estep, at Sycamore Shoals State Historic Park, glorifies the militiamen whose lifestyle and tactics were derided by contemporaries. (Photo courtesy of Sycamore Shoals State Historic Park.) revolutionaries.8 Te flm’s version of the story also includes the lynching of several Tory prisoners.9 Tough the flm reveals that there is not a simple moral dichotomy between the Whigs and the Tories, the image of the deplorable Tories shown elsewhere at the site serves to sofen the efect that the Whig atrocities may have otherwise had on the average visitor. Overall, the park’s portrayal of participants on both sides of the confict is particularly biased towards the Whigs and Overmountain Men in a way that militates against an accurate representation of the Tory and British forces. Te park’s portrayal of the noble backcountry farmer and militiaman runs contrary to eighteenth-century views of those the site calls “frontiersman,” whom contemporaries like William Byrd of Virginia ofen called “lazy lubbers.”10 Many colonists in the North and the Southern coastal region viewed the settlers of the backcountry with pointed disdain, and the museum’s mural of the moral farmer and his wife seeking a simple Christian life on the frontier would have been seen as wildly inaccurate by other 8 National Parks Service, museum film, Kings Mountain National Military Park, observed October 30, 2016. 9 Ibid. 10 Peter Charles Hoffer, The Brave New World: A History of Early America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000), 378. 182 Jordan Jenkins colonists. To contemporaries outside of the backcountry, the Appalachian region was a hellscape of drunken, fighty whites who preferred violence and tricks to leading a “respectable” lifestyle.11 Tough the park emphasizes the brilliance of the military tactics used at Kings Mountain, the highest ofcials of the Continental Army were no admirers of the conduct of the militiamen there. General Washington would have been especially disgusted by the leadership strategies
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lake James State Park General Management Plan
    Lake James State Park General Management Plan North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Division of Parks and Recreation Mountain Region February 2017 I. MISSION & PURPOSE MISSION STATEMENT: Conservation: To protect North Carolina’s natural diversity through careful selection and stewardship of state parks system lands; Recreation: To provide and promote outdoor recreation opportunities in the state parks system and throughout the state; and Education: To encourage appreciation of North Carolina’s natural and cultural heritage through diverse educational opportunities; for all citizens of and visitors to the State of North Carolina. Our purpose: The 1987 State Parks Act defines the purposes of the state parks system. It establishes that: The State of North Carolina offers unique archaeologic, geologic, biologic, scenic and recreational resources. These resources are part of the heritage of the people of this State. The heritage of a people should be preserved and managed by those people for their use and for the use of their visitors and descendants. PARK PURPOSE: Lake James was developed for hydroelectric purposes by Duke Power Company in 1923. Lake James State Park was established in 1987, becoming the first North Carolina State Park created under the provisions of the State Parks Act of 1987. It is also the first park in the history of the state to receive funds for acquisition, development, and operation upon its creation. The park serves residents and visitors of North Carolina by providing opportunities for appropriate outdoor recreational use; providing the ability and facilities for viewing and enjoying the major scenic values of the area; protecting wildlife and natural communities within its boundaries; and providing interpretive and environmental programs that allow visitors to learn about the significant resources of the area.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2: Struggle for the Frontier Quiz
    Chapter 2: Struggle for the Frontier Quiz 1. Which of the following tribes lived or hunted in Tennessee? (Select all that apply) a. Cherokee b. Shawnee c. Iroquois d. Creek e. Chickasaw 2. What is Cumberland Gap? a. A low area between the mountains that allowed travelers to cross the mountains more easily b. A trail cut by Richard Henderson through the mountains c. An early settlement in Tennessee d. A mountain peak between Tennessee and Kentucky 3. During the French and Indian War, the British built which Fort in an effort to keep the Cherokee loyal to their side? (Choose 1) a. Fort Nashborough b. Fort Donelson c. Fort Watauga d. Fort Loudoun 4. Choose one answer to complete this sentence: The Proclamation of 1763… a. Ended fighting between the British and the French. b. Prohibited settlements beyond the Appalachian Mountains in an effort to avoid further conflict with Native Americans. c. Was an agreement among the Cherokee about how to deal with the settlers. d. Ended the French and Indian War. Tennessee Blue Book: A History of Tennessee- Student Edition https://tnsoshistory.com 5. Why did the Watauga settlers create the Watauga Compact in 1772? a. Their settlement was under attack by the Cherokee b. Their settlement was outside the boundaries of any colony c. Their settlement was under the control of the British government d. Their settlement needed a more efficient system of government 6. Who cut the trail known as the Wilderness Road? a. James Robertson b. John Donelson c. Daniel Boone d. John Sevier 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Henry Clinton Papers, Volume Descriptions
    Henry Clinton Papers William L. Clements Library Volume Descriptions The University of Michigan Finding Aid: https://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/clementsead/umich-wcl-M-42cli?view=text Major Themes and Events in the Volumes of the Chronological Series of the Henry Clinton papers Volume 1 1736-1763 • Death of George Clinton and distribution of estate • Henry Clinton's property in North America • Clinton's account of his actions in Seven Years War including his wounding at the Battle of Friedberg Volume 2 1764-1766 • Dispersal of George Clinton estate • Mary Dunckerley's account of bearing Thomas Dunckerley, illegitimate child of King George II • Clinton promoted to colonel of 12th Regiment of Foot • Matters concerning 12th Regiment of Foot Volume 3 January 1-July 23, 1767 • Clinton's marriage to Harriet Carter • Matters concerning 12th Regiment of Foot • Clinton's property in North America Volume 4 August 14, 1767-[1767] • Matters concerning 12th Regiment of Foot • Relations between British and Cherokee Indians • Death of Anne (Carle) Clinton and distribution of her estate Volume 5 January 3, 1768-[1768] • Matters concerning 12th Regiment of Foot • Clinton discusses military tactics • Finances of Mary (Clinton) Willes, sister of Henry Clinton Volume 6 January 3, 1768-[1769] • Birth of Augusta Clinton • Henry Clinton's finances and property in North America Volume 7 January 9, 1770-[1771] • Matters concerning the 12th Regiment of Foot • Inventory of Clinton's possessions • William Henry Clinton born • Inspection of ports Volume 8 January 9, 1772-May
    [Show full text]
  • Cherokee County
    Cherokee County - The Roads to Kings Mountain Two hundred forty years ago, during the first week of October, 1780, what is now Cherokee County was the site of im- portant events in the American Revolutionary War. During that week, both a British Loyalist Army and an American Patriot Army traveled across the county on their way to do battle at Kings Mountain. The American victory at the Bat- tle of Kings Mountain on October 7 is thought by many historians to be the turning point in the War. The British Army, under Major Patrick Ferguson, had been in North Carolina in the vicinity of Gilbert Town. He had sent a warning to the mountaineers living across the Blue Ridge. He had threatened that if they did not cease opposing the British forces, he would cross the mountains and destroy them with fire and sword. This threat had been like pour- ing gasoline on a fire. Instead of being intimidated, the mountaineers decided to gather an army and destroy Ferguson. Ferguson soon had gotten word that a sizable Patriot Army was coming after him. He decided to retreat south and join British General Cornwallis who was in Charlotte. He did not make it to Charlotte. He marched across Cherokee Coun- ty, camping several times. He crossed the Broad River at Tate’s Plantation and Ferry on October 5. After traveling about 15 miles from the Broad River, he stopped the Army and camped on top of Kings Mountain in what is today, York County. The “Overmountain Men” had been joined by militia from Virginia, South Carolina and Georgia.
    [Show full text]
  • Kings Mountain
    Kings Mountain: OBJECTIVES “The Turn of the Tide” The student will be able to: The Battle of Kings Mountain (October 7, 1780) was one of the 1) describe the mission of most dramatic and hotly contested battles of the Revolutionary War. Major Patrick Ferguson in On an isolated ridge top in the Carolina backcountry, nearly 1000 the Carolinas during the American Patriots surrounded and overwhelmed an approximately 1780 campaign; equal number of American Loyalists. The only Briton on the field was Major Patrick Ferguson, commander of the Loyalist force. The 2) discuss the treatment of Loyalists fought in close-order ranks with volley fire and bayonet the Loyalists after the battle charges, while the Patriots fought frontier-style from behind trees and why they were treated in and rocks. The rout of the Loyalists at Kings Mountain was the first such a manner; major setback for Britain’s southern strategy and started a chain of events that culminated in Cornwallis’s surrender at Yorktown. 3) list three reasons why the Battle of Kings The Key to British Victory - The Carolinas Mountain was significant The rout of the Patriot army under General Gates at the Battle to the Southern Campaign; of Camden on August 16, 1780, and Tarleton’s defeat of militia Colonel Thomas Sumter at Fishing Creek two days later 4) recognize critical encouraged the British and temporarily stunned the Patriot cause. errors in judgment made After Camden, Cornwallis by Major Patrick Ferguson. faced no sizable Patriot army in the Carolinas, but partisan attacks on his detachments, wagon trains, and messengers continued.
    [Show full text]
  • An Educator's Guide to the Story of North Carolina
    Story of North Carolina – Educator’s Guide An Educator’s Guide to The Story of North Carolina An exhibition content guide for teachers covering the major themes and subject areas of the museum’s exhibition The Story of North Carolina. Use this guide to help create lesson plans, plan a field trip, and generate pre- and post-visit activities. This guide contains recommended lessons by the UNC Civic Education Consortium (available at http://database.civics.unc.edu/), inquiries aligned to the C3 Framework for Social Studies, and links to related primary sources available in the Library of Congress. Updated Fall 2016 1 Story of North Carolina – Educator’s Guide The earth was formed about 4,500 million years (4.5 billion years) ago. The landmass under North Carolina began to form about 1,700 million years ago, and has been in constant change ever since. Continents broke apart, merged, then drifted apart again. After North Carolina found its present place on the eastern coast of North America, the global climate warmed and cooled many times. The first single-celled life-forms appeared as early as 3,800 million years ago. As life-forms grew more complex, they diversified. Plants and animals became distinct. Gradually life crept out from the oceans and took over the land. The ancestors of humans began to walk upright only a few million years ago, and our species, Homo sapiens, emerged only about 120,000 years ago. The first humans arrived in North Carolina approximately 14,000 years ago—and continued the process of environmental change through hunting, agriculture, and eventually development.
    [Show full text]
  • “The Wataugans” As Tennessee's Finest Historical Outdoor Drama
    Filed for intro on 04/03/2000 SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 726 By Crowe A RESOLUTION to recognize “The Wataugans” as Tennessee’s finest Historical Outdoor Drama. WHEREAS, it is fitting that the elected officials of the state of Tennessee should pause to pay tribute to those noteworthy organizations and events that have significantly contributed to preserving the history and heritage of our great state; and WHEREAS, “The Wataugans” is unquestionably this state's finest outdoor historical drama; this exceptional play has been celebrated and performed annually, during the month of July, for 21 consecutive years; and WHEREAS, The Watauga Historical Association and the Sycamore Shoals State Historic Area present the drama; this esteemed production is the only historical drama and the longest running drama of any kind in the state of Tennessee; and WHEREAS, gifted local volunteers come together near the actual site where these historical events actually occurred and depict important episodes in early Northeast Tennessee history; the play celebrates the lives of the people who shaped the heritage of this great state and country; and SJR0726 01209285 -1- WHEREAS, the historical drama delineates the Wataugans’ trials and tribulations; Cherokee attacks, harvest celebrations, and threats from British loyalists are skillfully portrayed by the cast members who are adorned in authentic costume; and WHEREAS, the Watauga community at Sycamore Shoals was established as the first permanent American settlement outside the 13 colonies; and WHEREAS, on the banks
    [Show full text]
  • African-Americans in the Revolution
    African-Americans in the Revolution OBJECTIVES The student will be able to: In “The Negro in the American Revolution,” Benjamin Quarles 1) list the responsibilities said the African-American was “a participant and a symbol. He was of African-American soldiers active on the battlefronts and behind the lines . The Negro’s role in the Revolution, and; in the Revolution can best be understood by realizing that his major loyalty was not to a place nor to a people, but to a principle. Insofar 2) discuss the contributions as he had freedom of choice, he was likely to join the side that made of at least three African- him the quickest and best offer in terms of those ‘unalienable rights’ Americans of the era. of which Mr. Jefferson had spoken.” 3) identify duties African-Americans served in the Massachusetts companies and in most often performed by the state militias of northern states. The Rhode Island regiment at African-Americans. Yorktown was three-fourths black. African-Americans also served in the navy. It is estimated that about 5,000 African-Americans served in the war. Many African-Americans fought with the British since the British commander, Sir Henry Clinton, offered freedom to slaves who would fight for the King. The British used the runaway slaves as guides, spies and laborers (carpenters, blacksmiths, etc.). By using the African-Americans as laborers, whites were free to be soldiers. Many slaves left when the British evacuated after the end of the war. Quarles says. “Thousands of Negroes were taken to other islands in the British West Indies .
    [Show full text]
  • Appalachian Studies Bibliography Cumulation 2013-June 2016 ______
    Appalachian Studies Bibliography Cumulation 2013-June 2016 _____________________ CONTENTS Agriculture and Land Use ................................................................................................................3 Appalachian Studies.........................................................................................................................8 Archaeology and Physical Anthropology ......................................................................................14 Architecture, Historic Buildings, Historic Sites ............................................................................18 Arts and Crafts ..............................................................................................................................21 Biography .......................................................................................................................................27 Civil War, Military.........................................................................................................................29 Coal, Industry, Labor, Railroads, Transportation ..........................................................................37 Description and Travel, Recreation and Sports .............................................................................63 Economic Conditions, Economic Development, Economic Policy, Poverty ................................71 Education .......................................................................................................................................82
    [Show full text]
  • Touring Joara 2017
    Touring Joara 2017 Join NC Car Clubs & Exploring Joara Foundation on a European/Sports Car Tour and Poker Run Follow in the footsteps of Explorers and Patriots while enjoying some of North Carolina’s most scenic and challenging roads Join automotive enthusiasts from all over the Southeast in touring the North Carolina Foothills and Mountains on September 23, 2017. This event benefits the Exploring Joara Foundation (EJF), a non-profit organization that engages the public in archaeology in the Carolinas, and emphasizes the discovery of the Native American town of Joara and Fort San Juan, the first inland European settlement in the United States. This year’s event ties into the 450th anniversary of the founding of Fort San Juan (1567) and will allow drivers to explore the region’s rich Spanish and Native American cultural heritage. The Tour and Poker Run will begin at Catawba Meadows Park & Archeological Site, 701 Sanford Dr, Morganton, NC 28655 where you will pick up one card with your registration packet. There will be three stops on the tour where participants can check-in and pick up poker cards. The last card and Touring Joara poker prizes will be awarded at Hook & Anchor at 3:30 pm. Touring Joara 2017 is limited to 100 cars, pre- registration is preferred but we will accept registration the day of the event if space is available. You may pick up your tour packets between 7:30 am – 8:45 am, Exploring Joara Presentation 8:45 am, Driver’s Meeting 9:10 am, Tour vehicles roll out at 9:30 am.
    [Show full text]
  • Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail Long-Range Interpretive Plan Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail Long-Range Interpretive Plan
    Harpers Ferry Center National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail Long-Range Interpretive Plan Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail Long-Range Interpretive Plan May 2011 Prepared for the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail by Pond | Ecos and Faye Goolrick, Certified Interpretive Planner National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior * All document photos are credited to NPS unless otherwise noted TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Historical Background Creating a Long-Range Interpretive Plan Executive Summary Foundation for Planning 1 Legislative Background 1 Trail Purpose and Signifi cance 2 Primary Interpretive Themes 3 Visitor Experience Goals 5 Visitor Data 6 Other Planning Considerations 7 Existing Conditions 8 Sites and Facilities for Interpretation 9 Interpretive Programming 15 Interpretive Media 16 Media Assets 17 Partnerships 18 Issues and Infl uences 19 Recommendations: Variations on a Trail 22 Personal Services 22 Non-Personal/Interpretive Media 24 Research Needs in Support of Interpretation 28 Staffi ng Needs 28 Implementation Plan 29 Appendices 32 Appendix A: Legislation 33 Appendix B: Certifiable Sites along the OVNHT 34 Appendix C: Publicly Accessible (Walkable) Sections of the Trail 35 Appendix D: List of Key Partners of the OVNHT 36 Appendix E: Workshop Participants and Planning Team 39 this page left intentionally blank this report has been formatted to be printed double-sided in an effort to save paper INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail commemorates the campaign to the Battle of Kings Mountain, when more than 2,000 horse-mounted patriot militiamen – some from “over the mountains” – assembled from Virginia, what is now Tennessee, and the Carolinas in the fall of 1780 in response to a threat from a loyalist force under British Major Patrick Ferguson in the American Revolution.
    [Show full text]
  • OVERMOUNTAIN VICTORY NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL Digitized by the Internet Archive
    comprehensive management plan September 1982 OVERMOUNTAIN VICTORY NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/overmountainvictOOsuss OVERMOUNTAIN VICTORY NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN National Park Service United States Department of the Interior August 1982 . TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume I I Introduction 1 Purpose and Scope of Work 1 Legislative Constraints 3 II. Trail History and Analysis 3 Historic Overview 4 Official Primary Route 7 The Trail Today 11 Related Resources 19 III. The Plan 44 Plan Overview 44 Federal Segments 45 Certifiable Resources on Non-Federal Land 56 Commemorat i ve Motor Route 60 The Marking Process 62 Administration 64 Lead Federal Agency 64 Advisory Counci 1 66 Management Ob jecti ves 67 Management Practices 68 Cooperative Agreements 75 APPENDICES A. The National Trails System Act B. Excerpts from National Trails System Act C. Federal Costs D. Supplementary Criteria: Certified Protected Segments E. Sample Application Format: Protected Segment Certification F. Advisory Council Charter G. Planning Team Maps Volume II Location Maps General Historic Route Commemorative Motor Route Primary Historic Route and OVTA Reenactment Route I. INTRODUCTION Purpose and Scope of Work In 1978, Congress amended the National Trails System Act of October 2, 1968 (16 U.S.C. 1241 et. seq.) to give the Department of the Interior responsibility for studying the feasibility and desirability of including the Overmountain Victory Trail as a national scenic or historic trail in the National Trails System. The National Park Service issued an abbreviated draft feasibility report finding that the Overmountain Victory Trail qualified as a national historic trail but not as a national scenic trail.
    [Show full text]