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Chapter 1-India -Size and Location

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Chapter 1-India -Size and Location CHAPTER 1-INDIA -SIZE AND LOCATION GEOGRAPHY-Class IX BOOK- CONTEMPORARY INDIA -1 Table of Contents 1. Chapter 2. Important Keywords 3. Chapter explanation/summary 4. Q&A 5. Mind Map 6. Assignment Important Key words 1. Peninsula- the triangular landmass surrounded by water on three sides 2. Tropic of cancer- An imaginary line parallel to the latitude and is drawn parallel to equator, 23 degree 30’ N. It divides the country into two equal parts 3. Sub-continent- A part of continent, separated from the rest of the continent by natural features such as mountains and rivers. It has its own specific climatic features and distinct cultural identity 4. Indian mainland- It is continuous stretch of landmass from Jammu and Kashmir, Kanyakumari and Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh 5. Standard Time- It is the local time of 82° 30’ E taken as the standard time for the whole country Chapter explanation: https://youtu.be/VuDbizd_W6k Q&A Q1. Answer the following questions briefly a) Name the countries which are larger than India. Rank Name of the Area million sq. Countries km 1 Russia 17.09 2 Canada 9.98 3 USA 9.83 4 China 9.60 5 Brazil 8.51 6 Australia 7.69 7 India 3.28 b) Name the group of islands lying in the Arabian Sea Lakshadweep Islands. c) Which island group of India lies to its South East? Andaman and Nicobar Islands lies to the South East of India in the Bay of Bengal. d) Which island countries are our Southern Neighbour? Maldives and Sri Lanka are our Southern Neighbours. Q2) The central location of India at the head of Indian Ocean is considered of great significance. Why? 1) The Indian landmass has a central location between the east and west Asia 2) India is a southward extension of the Asian Continent. 3) The trans Indian ocean routes which connect the countries of Europe in the west and the countries of East Asia provide a strategic central location to India. 4) The Deccan peninsula protrudes into the Indian ocean. Thus helping India to establish close contact with West Asia, Africa and Europe from the West Coast and with south east and east Asia from the eastern coast. 5) No other country has a long coastline on the Indian Ocean as India has and indeed, it is India’s eminent position in the Indian Ocean which justifies the naming of an Ocean after it. 6) Since the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, India’s distance from Europe has been reduced by 7000km. Q3) The sun rises 2 hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in the West, but the watches show the same time. How does this happen? 1) India has a vast longitudinal extent of 68° 7’ E To 97° 25’ E 2) Due to the apparent movement of the Sun, it rises in the east i.e. the places in the east come in front of the sun before places of the west. 3) The earth takes 24 hours to complete a rotation i.e. 360° in 24 hours. So, it moves 360°/24 in one-hour i.e. 15 Degree in 1 hour. Also 7° 30’ N 4) There is a difference of 2 hours between the western most (68° 7’ E) and eastern most (97° 25 E). Hence there is a difference of 2 hours between Gujarat and Arunachal Pradesh. 5) To avoid the confusion of time we have to select the standard time meridian. It is taken as the standard time for the whole country. So, the sun rises 2 hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in the west. But the watches show the same time Q4) Why 82° 30’ E has been selected as a standard meridian of India? We select 82° 30’ E as the standard meridian of India because 1) The Longitudinal Extent of India is 68° 7’ E to 97° 25’ E, that is almost 30° apart 2) There is a difference of 2 hours between the westernmost and easternmost states of India (Gujarat and Arunachal Pradesh) 3) We have selected 82° 30’ E as our standard time meridian to avoid any confusion of time. 4) This meridian passes almost through the centre of the country (Mirzapur in UP) 5) There is a general understanding amongst the countries of the world to select a meridian which is a multiple of 7° 30’, So for our convenience we have selected this meridian as it is exactly 5 and half hours ahead of Greenwich. Q5) Why is the difference between the duration of day and night hardly felt at Kanyakumari but not so at Kashmir? 1. The duration of day and night is influenced by the latitudinal extent as one moves from south to north. 2. Kanyakumari misses equator only by a few degree (8° 4’ N) whereas Jammu and Kashmir is more far away from the Equator (37° 6’N) 3. As a result, we have approximately 12 hours day and 12 hours night at Kanyakumari but in Kashmir the duration of day is less than of night. Since the sun rays are slanting at Jammu and Kashmir but are vertical at Kanyakumari Q6. Describe the location of India 1. It lies entirely in the northern hemisphere 2. The mainland extends between latitudes 8° 4’N and 37° 6’N and longitudes 68° 07’E and 97°25’ E 3. The tropic of cancer (23°30’ N) divides the country into almost two equal parts 4. To the south east of the mainland lie the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal 5. To the south west of the mainland lie the Lakshadweep Islands in Arabian Sea Q7. Describe the size of India 1. The landmass of India has an area of 3.28 million sq. km 2. It is 2.4% of total world area 3. India is the seventh largest country in the world 4. India has a land boundary of about 15,200 kms 5. The total length of the coastline of the mainland including Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep is 7516.6 kms 6. India is bounded by young fold mountains in the North-west, North and North-East 7. South of about 22 ° N latitude, it begins to taper and extend towards the Indian Ocean dividing it into two seas, the Arabian sea on the west and Bay of Bengal in the East 8. The Latitudinal and Longitudinal extent of the mainland is about 30° (East- West, 68°7’- 97° 25’ and South-North 8° 4’- 32° 6’) Map Skills 1. The island groups of India lying in the Arabian sea and Bay of Bengal Arabian sea- Lakshadweep Islands Bay of Bengal- Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2. The countries constituting Indian sub-continent India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh 3. States through which the Tropic of Cancer passes Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram 4. The Northern latitude in degree 37° 06’N 5. The Southernmost latitude of Indian mainland in degree 8° 4’ N 6. The Eastern and Western most longitude in degree 68°7’ E and 97°25’E 7. The place situated on the three seas Kanyakumari 8. The strait separating Srilanka from India Palk strait 9. The Union territories of India Andaman and Nicobar Island, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Lakshadweep, Ladakh and Puducherry Mind Map Latitudinal extent of India and Important Latitudes Tropic of Cancer 8° 4’N latitude 37° 6’N latitude (23° 30’N) Longitudinal extent of India and Standard Meridian 68° 7’ E Standard Meridian of India 92° 25’E 82°30’E through Mirzapur (UP) Island groups of India Andaman and Nicobar Lakshadweep (Capital- Port Blair) Seven largest countries of the world Russia Canada USA China Brazil Australia India Countries of Indian sub-continent India Pakistan Bhutan Nepal Bangladesh Neighbouring countries of India Pakistan Afganistan China Maldives Nepal Bhutan Srilanka Myanmar Bangladesh Union territories of India Delhi(NCR) Chandigarh Puducherry Daman and Diu Ladakh Andaman and Nicobar Islands Lakshadweep Jammu and Kashmir Dadar and Nagar Haveli States which do not have an international border or lie on the coast Madhya Pradesh Jharkhand Haryana Chhattisgarh States sharing border with Pakistan Gujarat Rajasthan Punjab Jammu and Kashmir States sharing border with China Jammu and Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Uttarakhand Sikkim Arunachal Pradesh States sharing border with Myanmar Manipur Mizoram Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland States sharing border with Bangladesh West Bengal Assam Mizoram Meghalaya Tripura Types of states in India before 1947 Provinces Princely States Assignment 1. Which states are our southern neighbours across the sea? 2. Which strait separates Srilanka from India? 3. In which hemisphere does India lie? 4. What are six larger countries than India? 5. Name the southernmost point of the Indian Union? 6. Which country’s land boundary is surrounded by India’s land boundary in the North west? 7. How much distance from Europe has been reduced by the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869? 8. Deccan Peninsula protrudes into the Indian Ocean. What is its affect? 9. Name the place situated on the three seas 10. Which neighbouring country of India is an island? 11. Name any two states of India that shares international boundary? 12. Which is the largest state (area-wise) of India? 13. Name the Indian states which are situated on the Eastern coast of India? 14. Name the Indian states which are situated on the Western coast of India? 15. Name the state that shares border with Myanmar? .
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