DOCSLIB.ORG

Customary Laws of Lakshadweep Islands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Customary Laws of Lakshadweep Islands (516236 CUSTOMARY LAWS OF -,1-F"\ . ..."t. ,4­\ LAKSHADWEEP ISLANDS Iii Thesis Submitted By V. Vijayakumar FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE FACULTY OF LAW Under the Supervision of Professor P. Leelakrishnan SCHOOL OF LEGAL STUDIES COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COCHIN — 682 022 1999 DECLARATION I do hereby declare that the thesis entitled “CUSTOMARY LAWS OF LAKSHADWEEP ISLANDS” is the record of original work carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of Professor P. Leelakrishnan. U.G.C. Emeritus Fellow, School of Legal Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology. This has not been submitted either in part, or in whole, for any degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship or other similar titles or recognition at any University. m C» / Cochin17”‘ August — 682 022 1999 V. Vi’ ./ umar CERTIFICATE OF THE RESEARCH GUIDE This is to certify that this thesis entitled “CUSTOMARY LAWS OF LAKSHADWEEP ISLANDS” submitted by Shri. V. Vijayakumar for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Faculty of Law is the record of bonafide research carried out under my guidance and supervision in the School of Legal Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology. This thesis,or any part thereof, has not been submitted elsewhere for any degree. G9;,,,s_:JhAm.,A_ Cochin — 682 022 Professor P. Leelakrishnan 17"‘ August 1999. Preface The customary laws of Union Territory of Lakshadweep islands are a challenge for judicial institution as well as administrative machinery. With the peculiarities of socio-legal institutions, Lakshadweep system stands apart from the mainstream of legal systems in India. How far do the charismatic modernisation trends flowing into the Lakshadweep society affect the people already protected by the uncodified laws of the past? Many are the issues at this stage. This study analyses them. It examines the growth, evolution and development of the legal system in the islands vis-a-vis the administrative mechanism imposed by the mainland ethos and culture. The first chapter is introductory. Chapter II examines the role of caste and religion in the growth of island customs and their influence on social relations. Chapter III analyses the impact of property concept based on trees on land tenure and socio—economic scenario. According to the nature of legal institutions and its working, the Lakshadweep legal system can be classified into four periods. (1) Period of Obscurity (2) Period of Rajas (3) British Period (4) Post Independence Period Chapters IV to V1 are the highlights of the socio-legal currents and crosscurrents of these periods. Chapter VII examines the working of various institutions and authorities under Marumakkathayam. Chapter VIII unravels the evolution of maintenance arrangement and partition. Chapter D( examines inalianability and impartability of it properties with special reference to judicial decisions. Chapter X is on the status of women. Chapter X] verifies customary legal profession — Muktliyars. Chapter XII contains conclusions and suggestions. In the study, the data have been collected through questionnaire and interviews from the old and the aged who had been the observers of the socio­ legal transformation in the islands. The Mukthyars, politicians, social workers, civil servants, judicial officers and women were interviewed. Besides, the old records kept in Amin Kacheries - the old judicial institutions of the islands- and mainland Archives were verified. Professor P. Leelakrishnan, presently UGC Emeritus fellow in the School of Legal Studies in the Cochin University of Science and Technology supervised my work. His assistance and guidance stood me in good stead in the course of my study and research. I had all the assistance from Professor G. Sadasivan Nair, Director, School of Legal Studies. I also acknowledge the advice and assistance rendered by other Professors of School of Legal Studies, Dr. N.S. Chandrasekaran, Dr. K.N. Chandrasekara Pillai, Dr. A.M. Varkey, Dr. D. Rajeev and Shri. V.S. Sebastian. The helping hand of Lakshadweep Administration during my field study requires particular mention. I also acknowledge the courtesy and benevolent help from Messers B. Amanulla, the Districts and Sessions Judge Lakshadweep and K. Haripal, Munsiff, Amini. Many in the judicial and administrative hierarchy of Kerala High Court were a source of inspiration to take up and complete my research work. The assistance of Kerala State Legal Aid and Advice Board is acknowledged. The ready mind to help in many libraries is a memorable experience. I am grateful to those people in the libraries of Cochin University School of Legal Studies, Indian Law Institute, La] Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration and National Law School. I have also got materials from libraries of Kerala and Madras High Courts and Supreme Court of India. People in Madras Archives and Central Library at Kavaratti and Amini Island Library also were kind to this research programme. Messers Anu Engineer, Zakeer and Saiju were responsible for the data entry of this study, whose work is acknowledged. iii CONTENTS Pages PREFACE TABLE OF CASES GLOSSARY xiv-xvi CHAPTER - I INTRODUCTION 1-1] LanguageLocation, Geography and, People History Administration Present Administrative Setup. Restriction on Entry CHAPTER - II RELIGION AND CASTE IN 12-27 THE ISLANDS Caste System in the Islands Koyas Malmis Melacheris Religion Sunnis Wahabism Achievement of Reformists from the Mainland Sunni vs. Wahabis The Ahamadiyyas Quadiriyya and Rifai Sects Tanglas CHAPTER - III CONCEPT OF PROPERTY, LAND 28-56 TEN URES AND LAND REFORMS Land — The Concept in General Land in Lakshadweep The Cowle System Cowle in Uninhabited Islands Lands Jenmom Lands Tenancy System Nadapu Tcntmcy The Need to Follow the Custom Pattom Tenancy House-site Tenancy Property Land Revenue Land Refomis CHAPTER — IV LEGAL SYSTEM : PERIOD OF 57-82 OBSCURITY AND RAJAS The Period of Obscurity The period of Rajas Resolution of Disputes Kavarcha Chekyatillat Case Valiyaillath Case Oaths and Ordeal Compensation and Fine General Administration Monopoly Local Administration Nazeranah Degeneration of Kootam Corruption CHAPTER - V LEGAL SYSTEM — BRITISH PERIOD 83-119 Monegar Amins of Malabar Islands The 1912 Regulation Criminal Justice under l9l2 Regulation Amins Position Retained British Recognation of Customary Laws Jurisdiction Status of Amin Procedure to be followed by the Court of Amin. Civil Justice Administration Reference to Assessors and Changing of Assessors Trial Procedure Service ofProcess Execution Attachment and Sale Inherent Powers Power to Exclude Mainlandcrs from the Island CHAPTER — VI LEGAL SYSTEM : POST 120-156 INDEPENDENCE PERIOD The Report Rationing and Coir Monopoly Relation with Coir Monopoly Civil Justice Criminal Justice Police Deviation as Regards the Recommendation of Customary Laws Introduction of Mainland Model-Modem J udiciary List of Enactments Made Applicable to the Islands Completion of Mainlandization of Judiciary Criminal Justice System Executive Magistrate Formation of District Court at Kavarathi Impact of Mainlandization of Customary Laws Inter-relation of Democracy, Bureaucracy and Judiciary Inter-relationship between the Executive and the Judiciary Rule of Law CHAPTER - VII MARUMMAKKATHAYAM AS 157-179 CUSTOMARY LAW —INSTITUTIONS AND AUTHORITIES Lakshadweep Marummakkathayam — The Concept Traditional Family Relations Origin of Marummakkathayam in Lakshadweep Legitimation of Muslims Marummakkathayam in Malabar vi Marummakkathayam in Kerala A School olllindu Law Marummakkathayam in Lakshadweep — Why? Dual Property System Tharawad Thavazhi Karanavan Customs Vary from Island to Island Suit against Tharawad CHAPTER - VIII MARUIVLVIAKKATI-IAYAM AS . 180-219 CUSTOMARY LAW —MAINTENAN C E ARRANGEMENT AND PARTITION Evolution of Thavazhi, Maintenance Arrangement and Absolute Partition Peculiarity of Property System in Lakshadweep “Attaladukkam” The Concept of Document (Sammathapathram or Razi) Partition of Friday Property Methods of Partition Conceptual Inconsistency Island-Mainland Conceptual Differences in Partition Alienation Karanavan’s Power to Effect 2: Partition Removal of Karanavan Fusion of Monday Property with Friday Property - an Andrott Specificity Thavazhi Partition and per capita Partition Inter-Island Differences Effect of Non—registration Deemed Transfer Partition of Course of Conduct Partitions and _Minors ' Guardianship in Respect of Tharawad Properties High Court on Guardianship Re-opening of Partitions Family Arrangements vii Share ofUnbom Child Additional Share ol'Karanuvun Partial Partition and Incomplete Partition Customary Shariat: Contlict and Compromise with Marummakkathayam as Customary Law Legalization ofCustomary Laws CHAPTER - IX IMPACT OF MODERNIZATION 220-243 ON CUSTOM Effect upon Customary Laws Nallakoya’s Case Buharikoya’s Case Corrected Nallakoya Chamayath Nalakath Case Moosappathoda Jameela’s Case Pallichapura Pookoya’s Case Pathimmapur Kasim Koya’s Case Awmmada Pat.hummabi’s Case Ashiyoda Kasmikoya’s Case Other Cases CHAPTER — X WOMEN STATUS ANDCUSTOMARY LAWS 244-267 Matriliny Monogamy Divorce Present Scenario Divorces & Children Marriage Mahr No Dowry Land Women’s Religious Rights CHAPTER — XI LEGAL PROFESSION ,LEGAL AID 268-294 AND CUSTOM Judicial System in Madras Province Procedure Law Applicable The Right to Practice in Mainland viii Evolution ol‘ the Concept of Legal aid: Climaxing in Legal Services Law Krishna lyer Committee Bhagwati Committee ClLAS Legal Aid in Lakshadweep Critical
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1. Overall Thrust in State for 2018-19 in Rural Poverty Reduction
    Second Presentation State Plan of Action for Rural Development Programmes 1. Overall thrust in State for 2018-19 in rural poverty reduction Mahatma Gandhi NREGA The Department will provide works to all the households under MGNREGA as per their demand. Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (Gramin) (PMAY-G) The Department will provide the house to all identified beneficiaries shortly. ( Geo- tagging process in progress) . National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) Now the Department is implemented the Scheme in four islands (Kavaratti, Agatti, Amini & Kadmat) and planning to proposed for implementing the another three islands (Kalpeni, Andrott and Minicoy) in the next financial year. National Rural Urban Mission (NRuM) The Department will start implementation of the Scheme after the preparation of Integrated Cluster Action Plan (ICAP) by the Kerala Technical Team. One cluster for this Amini island has been identified for it. Sansad Adarsh Gramin Yojana (SAGY) The Department has implemented SAGY (Sansad Adarsh Gramin Yojana ) in Kalpeni island it is at the very initial phase. The Department has prepared a Village development plan for Kalpeni, the same is approved on 18.11.2015 and started implementation ( The details of the completed works are Annexed). SAGY has official in longed on 21st November 2016. Second phase will be implemented shortly in consultation with Hon'ble Member of Parliament. 2.Perfrmance of States in Ongoing programmes of Rural Development MGNREGA :- Works going on Water conservation work such as Construction of Well, construction of Pond, Renovation of well, Renovation of Pond etc., Agricultural related work such as Road side plantation, centripetal terrace around coconut trees, Beautification of Beach including plantation etc., Live stock related work such as Poultry shelter and Goat shelter etc.
    [Show full text]
  • India Situation
    70 June 2, 2021 HIGHLIGHTS WHO Situation Update • Indian Immunologicals Limited to initiate production of drug substance for Covaxin (Link) India • National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur has 2,81,75,044 Confirmed Cases developed a Gargle RT-PCR Method for testing COVID-19 samples (Link) 3,31,895 Total Deaths • Centre issues advisory to States/UTs to encourage work-from-home for nursing mothers (Link) South East Asia Region • Family pension to be given to dependents of those who lost their lives due to 31,922,904 Confirmed Cases COVID under Employees State Insurance Corporation (Link) 408,423 Total Deaths • Union Minister of State, Development of North Eastern Region, requests all government employees 18 years of age to get vaccinated at the earliest (Link) World • National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) asks States/UTS 170,426,245 Confirmed Cases to upload data of children who have lost their parents to COVID-19, on online 3,548,628 Deaths tracking portal “Bal Swaraj” (Link) INDIA SITUATION • There is a decline of 69% in daily cases during last 25 days after reporting the highest number of cases (4,14,188) on 7th May 2021. COVID-19: STATUS ACROSS STATES • In the past week, as compared to previous week, 30 states/UTs have shown a decrease in cases. Higher decline has been reported from Haryana (-63%), Delhi (-61%), Uttar Pradesh (-60%) and Rajasthan (-60%). 70 June 2, 2021 • In Punjab, District authorities have been directed to allow issue of oxygen cylinders to patients who require oxygen
    [Show full text]
  • Lakshadweep Action Plan on Climate Change 2012 2012 333333333333333333333333
    Lakshadweep Action Plan on Climate Change 2012 2012 333333333333333333333333 LAKSHADWEEP ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANGE (LAPCC) UNION TERRITORY OF LAKSHADWEEP i SUPPORTED BY UNDP Lakshadweep Action Plan on Climate Change 2012 LAKSHADWEEP ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANGE (LAPCC) Department of Environment and Forestry Union Territory of Lakshadweep Supported by UNDP ii Lakshadweep Action Plan on Climate Change 2012 Foreword 2012 Climate Change (LAPCC) iii Lakshadweep Action Plan on Lakshadweep Action Plan on Climate Change 2012 Acknowledgements 2012 Climate Change (LAPCC) iv Lakshadweep Action Plan on Lakshadweep Action Plan on Climate Change 2012 CONTENTS FOREWORD .......................................................................................................................................... III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................... IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. XIII PART A: CLIMATE PROFILE .............................................................................................................. 1 1 LAKSHADWEEP - AN OVERVIEW ............................................................................................. 2 1.1 Development Issues and Priorities .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Baseline Scenario of Lakshadweep ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Payment Locations - Muthoot
    Payment Locations - Muthoot District Region Br.Code Branch Name Branch Address Branch Town Name Postel Code Branch Contact Number Royale Arcade Building, Kochalummoodu, ALLEPPEY KOZHENCHERY 4365 Kochalummoodu Mavelikkara 690570 +91-479-2358277 Kallimel P.O, Mavelikkara, Alappuzha District S. Devi building, kizhakkenada, puliyoor p.o, ALLEPPEY THIRUVALLA 4180 PULIYOOR chenganur, alappuzha dist, pin – 689510, CHENGANUR 689510 0479-2464433 kerala Kizhakkethalekal Building, Opp.Malankkara CHENGANNUR - ALLEPPEY THIRUVALLA 3777 Catholic Church, Mc Road,Chengannur, CHENGANNUR - HOSPITAL ROAD 689121 0479-2457077 HOSPITAL ROAD Alleppey Dist, Pin Code - 689121 Muthoot Finance Ltd, Akeril Puthenparambil ALLEPPEY THIRUVALLA 2672 MELPADAM MELPADAM 689627 479-2318545 Building ;Melpadam;Pincode- 689627 Kochumadam Building,Near Ksrtc Bus Stand, ALLEPPEY THIRUVALLA 2219 MAVELIKARA KSRTC MAVELIKARA KSRTC 689101 0469-2342656 Mavelikara-6890101 Thattarethu Buldg,Karakkad P.O,Chengannur, ALLEPPEY THIRUVALLA 1837 KARAKKAD KARAKKAD 689504 0479-2422687 Pin-689504 Kalluvilayil Bulg, Ennakkad P.O Alleppy,Pin- ALLEPPEY THIRUVALLA 1481 ENNAKKAD ENNAKKAD 689624 0479-2466886 689624 Himagiri Complex,Kallumala,Thekke Junction, ALLEPPEY THIRUVALLA 1228 KALLUMALA KALLUMALA 690101 0479-2344449 Mavelikkara-690101 CHERUKOLE Anugraha Complex, Near Subhananda ALLEPPEY THIRUVALLA 846 CHERUKOLE MAVELIKARA 690104 04793295897 MAVELIKARA Ashramam, Cherukole,Mavelikara, 690104 Oondamparampil O V Chacko Memorial ALLEPPEY THIRUVALLA 668 THIRUVANVANDOOR THIRUVANVANDOOR 689109 0479-2429349
    [Show full text]
  • M. R Ry. K. R. Krishna Menon, Avargal, Retired Sub-Judge, Walluvanad Taluk
    MARUMAKKATHAYAM MARRIAGE COMMISSION. ANSWERS TO INTERROGATORIES BY M. R RY. K. R. KRISHNA MENON, AVARGAL, RETIRED SUB-JUDGE, WALLUVANAD TALUK. 1. Amongst Nayars and other high caste people, a man of the higher divi­ sion can have Sambandham with a woman of a lower division. 2, 3, 4 and 5. According to the original institutes of Malabar, Nayars are divided into 18 sects, between whom, except in the last 2, intermarriage was per­ missible ; and this custom is still found to exist, to a certain extent, both in Travan­ core and Cochin, This rule has however been varied by custom in British Mala­ bar, in Avhich a woman of a higher sect is not now permitted to form Sambandham with a man of a lower one. This however will not justify her total excommuni­ cation from her caste in a religious point of view, but will subject her to some social disabilities, which can be removed by her abandoning the sambandham, and paying a certain fine to the Enangans, or caste-people. The disabilities are the non-invitation of her to feasts and other social gatherings. But she cannot be prevented from entering the pagoda, from bathing in the tank, or touch­ ing the well &c. A Sambandham originally bad, cannot be validated by a Prayaschitham. In fact, Prayaschitham implies the expiation of sin, which can be incurred only by the violation of a religious rule. Here the rule violated is purely a social one, and not a religious one, and consequently Prayaschitham is altogether out of the place. The restriction is purely the creature of class pride, and this has been carried to such an extent as to pre­ vent the Sambandham of a woman with a man of her own class, among certain aristocratic families.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution and Biology of Seagrass Resources of Lakshadweep Group of Islands, India
    Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences Vol. 40(5), October 2011, pp. 624-634 Distribution and biology of seagrass resources of Lakshadweep group of Islands, India Nobi. E.P, E. Dilipan, K. Sivakumar & T.Thangaradjou* Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences Annamalai University, Parangipettai - 608 502, Tamilnadu, India *[Email: [email protected]] Received 8 April 2010; revised 26 October 2010 Present study explains the diversity, distribution, biomass and productivity of seagrasses in the Lakshadweep group of Islands. Seven seagrass species under five genera were recorded from nine islands and no seagrass was found at Bitra island. Out of seven seagrass species, Cymodocea serrulata was found to be dominant in the Lakshadweep group of islands whereas Halophila decipiens was found only in Kalpeni island. Biomass varied widely from 72+9 to 944+99 gfr.wt.m-2 among all the species of seagrasses. Productivity also showed clear variation within the species and between the species at different stations. Productivity of the species varied from 2.76+0.17 mgCm-2day-1 to 95.53+10.06 mgCm-2day-1 and it was in the following order of increase: H. decipiens< H. pinifolia< H. uninervis< T. hemprichii< C. rotundata< S. isoetifolium < C. serrulata. The spatial cover of seagrasses in Lakshadweep Island is more and are healthy in almost all the islands. [Keywords: Seagrass biomass, Diversity, Productivity, Lagoon, Lakshadweep] Introduction Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep islands7-8. Seagrass ecosystem is one of the most widespread Unfortunately, seagrasses of these regions significantly coastal vegetation types when compared to coral and declining in their coverage and density9-11.
    [Show full text]
  • Women and Political Change in Kerala Since Independence
    WOMEN AND POLITICAL CHANGE IN KERALA SINCE INDEPENDENCE THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE COCHIN UNIVERSITY or SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE AWARD or THE DEGREE or DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNDER THE FACULTY or SOCIAL SCIENCES BY KOCHUTHRESSIA, M. M. UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF DR. J. T. PAYYAPPILLY PROFESSOR SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COCHIN - 682 022, KERALA October 1 994 CERTIFICATE Certified that the thesis "Women and Political Change in Kerala since Independence" is the record of bona fide research carried out by Kochuthressia, M.M. under my supervision. The thesis is worth submitting for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Faculty of Social Sciences. 2’/1, 1 :3£7:L§¢»Q i9¢Z{:;,L<‘ Professorfir.J.T.§ay§a%pilly///// ” School of Management Studies Cochin University of Science and Technology Cochin 682 022 Cochin 682 022 12-10-1994 DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is the record of bona fide research work carried out knrxme under the supervision of Dr.J.T.Payyappilly, School (HS Management. Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682 022. I further declare that this thesis has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship or other similar title of recognition. ¥E;neL£C-fl:H12§LJJ;/f1;H. Kochuthfe§§ia7—§iM. Cochin 682 022 12-10-1994 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Once the topic "Women and Political Change in Kerala since Independence" was selected for the study, I received a lot of encouragement from many men and women who'are genuinely concerned about the results (M5 gender discrimination.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chirakkal Dynasty: Readings Through History
    THE CHIRAKKAL DYNASTY: READINGS THROUGH HISTORY Kolathunadu is regarded as one of the old political dynasties in India and was ruled by the Kolathiris. The Mushaka vamsam and the kings were regarded as the ancestors of the Kolathiris. It was mentioned in the Mooshika Vamsa (1980) that the boundary of Mooshaka kingdom was from the North of Mangalapuram – Puthupattanam to the Southern boundary of Korappuzha in Kerala. In the long Sanskrit historical poem Mooshaka Vamsam, the dynastic name of the chieftains of north Malabar (Puzhinad) used is Mooshaka (Aiyappan, 1982). In the beginning of the fifth Century A.D., the kingdom of Ezhimala had risen to political prominence in north Kerala under Nannan… With the death of Nannan ended the most glorious period in the history of the Ezhimala Kingdom… a separate line of rulers known as the Mooshaka kings held sway over this area 36 (Kolathunad) with their capital near Mount Eli. It is not clear whether this line of rulers who are celebrated in the Mooshaka vamsa were subordinate to the Chera rulers of Mahodayapuram or whether they ruled as an independent line of kings on their own right (in Menon, 1972). The narration of the Mooshaka Kingdom up to the 12th Century A.D. is mentioned in the Mooshaka vamsa. This is a kavya (poem) composed by Atula, who was the court poet of the King Srikantha of Mooshaka vamsa. By the 14th Century the old Mooshaka kingdom had come to be known as Kolathunad and a new line of rulers known as the Kolathiris (the ‘Colastri’ of European writers) had come into prominence in north Kerala.
    [Show full text]
  • IJMS 18(3) 151-154.Pdf
    Indian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol. 18, September 1989, pp. 151-154 Zooplankton composition of the Kalpeni and Agatti atolls, Lakshadweep archipelago C T Achuthankutty, S R Sreekumaran Nair, P Haridas* & M Madhupratap National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India Received 1 February 1989, revised 19 May 1989 Composition of zooplankton in the lagoons was quite different from that of the sea and to a large extent, was independent of oceanic influence. While copepods were dominant in the sea, meroplank• ton, particularly brachyuran zoeae constituted the largest group in the lagoons. Zooplankton stand• ing stock was lower in the lagoons as compared to the sea. Among copepods, calanoids showed higher abundance in the sea whereas harpacticoids and cyclopoids dominated the Kalpeni and Agatti lagoons respectively. Several striking similarities were observed in the zooplankton composition be• tween the coral and coastal lagoons. Ecology of zooplankton of the coral lagoons has . received considerable attention 1 - 6 mainly because II • A of its unique fauna and its role in the energy • transfer in coral ecosystem. Among the atoll la• • goons of the Lakshadweep archipelago, zooplank• ton composition of the Kavaratti lagoon has been fairly well studied 7 - ll. Other lagoons like Kalpeni and Agatti however, have received very little at• tention. Zooplankton composition in and ar:ound N these atolls was studied and is compared with si• milar studies from other areas. N. 50 t 10·1 Scale I' 300 000 Materials and Methods 72- E 6' 10' During the 153rd cruise of R V Gaveshani (20 •B ;,. April - 4 May 1985), studies were undertaken in and around some atolls of the Lakshadweep ar• • chipelago in order to understand the biological productivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Masculinity and the Structuring of the Public Domain in Kerala: a History of the Contemporary
    MASCULINITY AND THE STRUCTURING OF THE PUBLIC DOMAIN IN KERALA: A HISTORY OF THE CONTEMPORARY Ph. D. Thesis submitted to MANIPAL ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION (MAHE – Deemed University) RATHEESH RADHAKRISHNAN CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF CULTURE AND SOCIETY (Affiliated to MAHE- Deemed University) BANGALORE- 560011 JULY 2006 To my parents KM Rajalakshmy and M Radhakrishnan For the spirit of reason and freedom I was introduced to… This work is dedicated…. The object was to learn to what extent the effort to think one’s own history can free thought from what it silently thinks, so enable it to think differently. Michel Foucault. 1985/1990. The Use of Pleasure: The History of Sexuality Vol. II, trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Vintage: 9. … in order to problematise our inherited categories and perspectives on gender meanings, might not men’s experiences of gender – in relation to themselves, their bodies, to socially constructed representations, and to others (men and women) – be a potentially subversive way to begin? […]. Of course the risks are very high, namely, of being misunderstood both by the common sense of the dominant order and by a politically correct feminism. But, then, welcome to the margins! Mary E. John. 2002. “Responses”. From the Margins (February 2002): 247. The peacock has his plumes The cock his comb The lion his mane And the man his moustache. Tell me O Evolution! Is masculinity Only clothes and ornaments That in time becomes the body? PN Gopikrishnan. 2003. “Parayu Parinaamame!” (Tell me O Evolution!). Reprinted in Madiyanmarude Manifesto (Manifesto of the Lazy, 2006). Thrissur: Current Books: 78.
    [Show full text]
  • KNSS Cover December 2017
    knSS news bulletin December 2017 Contents Editorial ...................................................01 ditorial From the Chairman’s Desk .....................02 a¶w Pb-´n, ]pXp-h-Õ-cw,E \½psS 8þmw hmfyw From the Gen. Secretary .........................03 KNSS Karayogam News .........................06 2018 P\p-hcn 2 \v kap-Zm-bm-Nm-cy³ {io a¶¯v ]ß-\m-`sâ 141þmw Mahila Vibhag News ................................19 P·-Zn-\-am-WtÃm! Youth Wing News ....................................29 hnhn[ \mbÀ hn`m-K-§sf Iq«n-bn-W-¡n, kulmÀ±-am-Wv, aÕ-c-aà Sahithya Vedi ...........................................30 kap-Zm-tbm-¶-a-\-¯nsâ D¯a amÀ¤-sa¶v AwK-§sf t_m[-hm- MMECT News ...........................................35 ·m-cm-¡n, IÀ½-[o-c-cm¡n am-än-sb-Sp¯ At±-l-¯nsâ alm-{]-Xn- Benevolent Fund News ..........................37 `-sbbpw ISp¯ \nÝbZmÀVy-s¯bpw GsXmcp kap-Zmb kvt\ Kayikavedi ................................................38 lnbpw, a¶w Pb´n thf-bn {]tXy-In-¨pw, HmÀt¡-ï-Xm-Wv. At±- Vivahakendra ...........................................39 l-¯nsâ Im¸m-Sp-IÄ XpSÀ¶v \ap-s¡Ãmw tkh-\-\n-c-X-cm-hmw. XpS-¡-¯nse 'challenges'Dw C¶s¯ 'challenges'Dw Ime-¯n-\-\p- List of Advertisers Dr. V.S. Ramakrishnan Nair ......................6 k-cn¨v hyXy-kvX-am-sW-¦n-epw, kap-Zm-tbm-¶-a-\-¯n\v \ap-¡-hsb 'Solutions' Sree Ayyappa Catering Service ...............9 t\cn-tSïXv, Isï-t¯-ïXv Ime-¯nsâ Bh-iy-am- C.D. Premlal .............................................10 Wv. shÃp-hn-fn-Isf Hä-s¡-«mbn \n¶v \ap¡v t\cn-Smw, hnP-bn¡mw! Vasudevan Naboothiri ............................11 GhÀ¡pw a¶w-P-b´n Biw-k-IÄ. Ic-tbm-K-§-fnepw t_mÀUnepw V.P.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1-India -Size and Location
    CHAPTER 1-INDIA -SIZE AND LOCATION GEOGRAPHY-Class IX BOOK- CONTEMPORARY INDIA -1 Table of Contents 1. Chapter 2. Important Keywords 3. Chapter explanation/summary 4. Q&A 5. Mind Map 6. Assignment Important Key words 1. Peninsula- the triangular landmass surrounded by water on three sides 2. Tropic of cancer- An imaginary line parallel to the latitude and is drawn parallel to equator, 23 degree 30’ N. It divides the country into two equal parts 3. Sub-continent- A part of continent, separated from the rest of the continent by natural features such as mountains and rivers. It has its own specific climatic features and distinct cultural identity 4. Indian mainland- It is continuous stretch of landmass from Jammu and Kashmir, Kanyakumari and Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh 5. Standard Time- It is the local time of 82° 30’ E taken as the standard time for the whole country Chapter explanation: https://youtu.be/VuDbizd_W6k Q&A Q1. Answer the following questions briefly a) Name the countries which are larger than India. Rank Name of the Area million sq. Countries km 1 Russia 17.09 2 Canada 9.98 3 USA 9.83 4 China 9.60 5 Brazil 8.51 6 Australia 7.69 7 India 3.28 b) Name the group of islands lying in the Arabian Sea Lakshadweep Islands. c) Which island group of India lies to its South East? Andaman and Nicobar Islands lies to the South East of India in the Bay of Bengal. d) Which island countries are our Southern Neighbour? Maldives and Sri Lanka are our Southern Neighbours.
    [Show full text]