Divorcing Strain Classification from Species Names
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Pseudomonas Cichorii
Plant Pathology Bulletin 15:275-285, 2006 Pseudomonas cichorii 1 1 1, 2 1 2 [email protected] 95 12 02 2006 Pseudomonas cichorii 15 275-285 60 (RAPD) Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle) Stapp 1,100 bp Topo pCR®II-TOPO Pseudomonas cichorii SfL1/SfR2 (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) 379 bp 6 21 SfL1 / SfR2 P. cichorii DNA 5~10 pg 5.5~9 (P. cichorii) 10 6 cfu/ml 10 5~10 8 cfu/ml SfL1/ SfR2 P. cichorii 3 - 4 hr SfL1/SfR2 P. cichorii PCR Pseudomonas cichorii (3) (Swingle) Stapp P. cichorii (10) (13) (lettuce) (10) (27) (15) (33) (cabbage) (celery) (tomato) (14) (chrysanthemum) (16) (geranium) (16) (dwarf schefflera) (11) (sunflower) (22) (magnolia) (19) (5, 10) (5) (3) ( polymerase chain reaction PCR) (20) RFLP ( 276 15 4 2006 restriction fragment length polymorphism) AFLP RAPD PCR (amplified fragment length polymorphism) RAPD Table 1. Bacterial isolates used in experiments of RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) (17, 18, 32) and PCR. Bacterium Strain Pseudomonas Burkholderia andropogonis Pan1 Pseudomonas B. caryophylli Tw7, Tw9 syringae pv. cannabina efe gene DNA B. gladioli pv. gladioli Bg ETH1 ETH2 ETH3 P. syringae pv. Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora Zan01~15 Ech10~22 cannabina P. syringae pv. glycinea P. syringae pv. Erwinia chrysanthemi Sr53~56 (24) phaseolicola P. Pantoea agglomerans Yx5, Yx7 syringae pv. atropurpurea cfl gene DNA Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pae Primer 1 Primer 2 P. syringae pv. glycinea P. P. cichorii Sf syringae pv. maculicola P. syringae pv. tomato P. fluorescens Pf (8) (30) P. putida Pu P. syringae pv. atropurpurea P. P. syringae pv. -
Increased Moisture Content of Propagation Media Enhances Bacterial Rot of Chrysanthemum
Table 4, Effectiveness of chemical treatments to control leaf spot of basil when applied as protectants (Table 4). No sign of caused by Pseudomonas cichorii. phytotoxicity was seen on any of the sprayed plants under conditions of this experiment. However, to our knowledge, Plant rating2 neither has EPA registered for use on basil. Chemical Greenhouse Mist chamber Literature Cited Saline control 0.0 0.5 Inoculated control 8.0 9.5 1. Chase, A. R. and D. D. Brunk. 1984. Bacterial leaf incited by Streptomycin 0.5 0.0 Pseudomonas cichorii in Schefflera arboricola and some related plants. Copper-maneb 0.5 1.0 Plant Dis. 68:73-74. 2. Crockett, J. U. and O. Tanner. 1977. The Time-Life Encyclopedia of zRating based on 0-10 where 0 = no infection, 1 = 1- and 10 Gardening, Herbs. Time-Life Books, Alexandia, VA. 90-100%. Average of 3 replications. 3. Irey, M. S. 1980. Taxonomic value of the yellow pigment of the genus Xanthomonas. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Florida, Gainesville. showed that the disease level was much higher at high 4. King, E. O., M. K. Ward, and D. E. Raney. 1954. Two simple media moisture levels than at low moisture levels even at approx for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin. J. Lab. Med. 44 imately equal temperature regimes (Table 3). This indi 301-307. 5. Klement, Z., G. L. Farkas, and I. Lovrekovich. 1964. Hypersensitive cates that high moisture levels favor severe disease de reaction induced by phytopathogenic bacteria in the tobacco leaf. velopment. Thus, keeping the foliage as dry as possible Phytopathology 54:474-477. -
The Microbiota Continuum Along the Female Reproductive Tract and Its Relation to Uterine-Related Diseases
ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00901-0 OPEN The microbiota continuum along the female reproductive tract and its relation to uterine-related diseases Chen Chen1,2, Xiaolei Song1,3, Weixia Wei4,5, Huanzi Zhong 1,2,6, Juanjuan Dai4,5, Zhou Lan1, Fei Li1,2,3, Xinlei Yu1,2, Qiang Feng1,7, Zirong Wang1, Hailiang Xie1, Xiaomin Chen1, Chunwei Zeng1, Bo Wen1,2, Liping Zeng4,5, Hui Du4,5, Huiru Tang4,5, Changlu Xu1,8, Yan Xia1,3, Huihua Xia1,2,9, Huanming Yang1,10, Jian Wang1,10, Jun Wang1,11, Lise Madsen 1,6,12, Susanne Brix 13, Karsten Kristiansen1,6, Xun Xu1,2, Junhua Li 1,2,9,14, Ruifang Wu4,5 & Huijue Jia 1,2,9,11 Reports on bacteria detected in maternal fluids during pregnancy are typically associated with adverse consequences, and whether the female reproductive tract harbours distinct microbial communities beyond the vagina has been a matter of debate. Here we systematically sample the microbiota within the female reproductive tract in 110 women of reproductive age, and examine the nature of colonisation by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and cultivation. We find distinct microbial communities in cervical canal, uterus, fallopian tubes and perito- neal fluid, differing from that of the vagina. The results reflect a microbiota continuum along the female reproductive tract, indicative of a non-sterile environment. We also identify microbial taxa and potential functions that correlate with the menstrual cycle or are over- represented in subjects with adenomyosis or infertility due to endometriosis. The study provides insight into the nature of the vagino-uterine microbiome, and suggests that sur- veying the vaginal or cervical microbiota might be useful for detection of common diseases in the upper reproductive tract. -
Presence Absence Polymorphism for Alternative Pathogenicity Islands In
Presence͞absence polymorphism for alternative pathogenicity islands in Pseudomonas viridiflava, a pathogen of Arabidopsis Hitoshi Araki†‡, Dacheng Tian§, Erica M. Goss†, Katrin Jakob†, Solveig S. Halldorsdottir†, Martin Kreitman†, and Joy Bergelson†¶ †Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; and §Department of Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Republic of China Communicated by Tomoko Ohta, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan, March 1, 2006 (received for review January 25, 2006) The contribution of arms race dynamics to plant–pathogen coevo- pathogens are defined and differentiated from close relatives by lution has been called into question by the presence of balanced horizontally acquired virulence factors (12). However, a survey polymorphisms in resistance genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, but of effectors in Pseudomonas syringae finds effectors that have less is known about the pathogen side of the interaction. Here we been acquired recently and others that have been transmitted investigate structural polymorphism in pathogenicity islands (PAIs) predominantly by descent, indicating that pathogenicity may in Pseudomonas viridiflava, a prevalent bacterial pathogen of A. evolve in both genomic contexts (13). thaliana. PAIs encode the type III secretion system along with its In this study, we investigated PAIs in P. viridiflava, which is a effectors and are essential for pathogen recognition in plants. P. prevalent bacterial pathogen of wild A. thaliana populations viridiflava harbors two structurally distinct and highly diverged PAI (14). P. viridiflava is in the P. syringae group (15). Although P. paralogs (T- and S-PAI) that are integrated in different chromo- syringae is intensively studied as a bacterial plant pathogen (13, some locations in the P. -
11 Microbial Communities in the Phyllosphere Johan H.J
Biology of the Plant Cuticle Edited by Markus Riederer, Caroline Müller Copyright © 2006 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Biology of the Plant Cuticle Edited by Markus Riederer, Caroline Müller Copyright © 2006 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd 11 Microbial communities in the phyllosphere Johan H.J. Leveau 11.1 Introduction The term phyllosphere was coined by Last (1955) and Ruinen (1956) to describe the plant leaf surface as an environment that is physically, chemically and biologically distinct from the plant leaf itself or the air surrounding it. The term phylloplane has been used also, either instead of or in addition to the term phyllosphere. Its two- dimensional connotation, however, does not do justice to the three dimensions that characterise the phyllosphere from the perspective of many of its microscopic inhab- itants. On a global scale, the phyllosphere is arguably one of the largest biological surfaces colonised by microorganisms. Satellite images have allowed a conservative approximation of 4 × 108 km2 for the earth’s terrestrial surface area covered with foliage (Morris and Kinkel, 2002). It has been estimated that this leaf surface area is home to an astonishing 1026 bacteria (Morris and Kinkel, 2002), which are the most abundant colonisers of cuticular surfaces. Thus, the phyllosphere represents a significant refuge and resource of microorganisms on this planet. Often-used terms in phyllosphere microbiology are epiphyte and epiphytic (Leben, 1965; Hirano and Upper, 1983): here, microbial epiphytes or epiphytic microorganisms, which include bacteria, fungi and yeasts, are defined as being cap- able of surviving and thriving on plant leaf and fruit surfaces. Several excellent reviews on phyllosphere microbiology have appeared so far (Beattie and Lindow, 1995, 1999; Andrews and Harris, 2000; Hirano and Upper, 2000; Lindow and Leveau, 2002; Lindow and Brandl, 2003). -
Field Manual of Diseases on Garden and Greenhouse Flowers Field Manual of Diseases on Garden and Greenhouse Flowers
R. Kenneth Horst Field Manual of Diseases on Garden and Greenhouse Flowers Field Manual of Diseases on Garden and Greenhouse Flowers R. Kenneth Horst Field Manual of Diseases on Garden and Greenhouse Flowers R. Kenneth Horst Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology Cornell University Ithaca, NY , USA ISBN 978-94-007-6048-6 ISBN 978-94-007-6049-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6049-3 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013935122 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. -
Scientific Prospects for Cannabis-Microbiome Research To
microorganisms Review Scientific Prospects for Cannabis-Microbiome Research to Ensure Quality and Safety of Products Vladimir Vujanovic 1,*, Darren R. Korber 1 , Silva Vujanovic 2, Josko Vujanovic 3 and Suha Jabaji 4 1 Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; [email protected] 2 Hospital Pharmacy, CISSS des Laurentides and Université de Montréal-Montreal, QC J8H 4C7, Canada; [email protected] 3 Medical Imaging, CISSS-Laurentides, Lachute, QC J8H 4C7, Canada; [email protected] 4 Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-306-966-5048 Received: 4 December 2019; Accepted: 18 February 2020; Published: 20 February 2020 Abstract: Cannabis legalization has occurred in several countries worldwide. Along with steadily growing research in Cannabis healthcare science, there is an increasing interest for scientific-based knowledge in plant microbiology and food science, with work connecting the plant microbiome and plant health to product quality across the value chain of cannabis. This review paper provides an overview of the state of knowledge and challenges in Cannabis science, and thereby identifies critical risk management and safety issues in order to capitalize on innovations while ensuring product quality control. It highlights scientific gap areas to steer future research, with an emphasis on plant-microbiome sciences committed to using cutting-edge technologies for more efficient Cannabis production and high-quality products intended for recreational, pharmaceutical, and medicinal use. Keywords: Cannabis; microbiome; NCBI and USDA databases; omics; risk management; safety 1. Introduction The course of Cannabis science has been a top-down process, with the effects of the plant on humans and animals being tested before conducting extensive agronomic and ecological studies. -
Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Aesculi
Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi Scientific Name Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi (ex Durgapal & Singh 1980) Young et al. 1991 Synonyms: None known Common Name(s) Bleeding canker of horse chestnut, bleeding canker disease Type of Pest Bacterial pathogen Taxonomic Position Class: Gammaproteobacteria, Order: Pseudomonadales, Family: Pseudomonadaceae Reason for Inclusion in Manual CAPS Target: Additional Pests of Concern - 2011 A B C Figure 1: A. Healthy horse chestnut tree. B. Crown dieback and yellowing associated with P. syringae pv. aesculi. C. Crown dieback and premature leaf fall seen with bleeding canker disease. Photos courtesy of the Forestry Commission. http://www.forestry.gov.uk/website/forestresearch.nsf/ByUnique/INFD- 6L4GBT Background Stem bleeding on horse chestnut trees caused by Phytophthora citricola and P. cactorum was first observed in the early 1970s in the United Kingdom and other European countries (Brasier and Strouts, 1976; Green et al., 2009). Since 2002, the 1 Last Update: February 2, 2011 number of horse chestnuts with bleeding canker, however, has dramatically increased and the disease has become severe in some parts of Europe. Initial assumptions that a Phytophthora species was the primary causal agent were refuted when the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi was proven to be associated with the recent spread of the disease in the United Kingdom (Webber et al., 2007). Pest Description Pseudomonas syringae is a rod-shaped gram negative bacterium with polar flagellae (Mabbett, 2007). P. syringae exists as over 50 pathovars (strains) infecting a wide range of plants that fall within nine genomospecies (Gardan, 1999). Pathovars are genetically distinct but morphologically the same and primarily differentiated by host range. -
Bacteria Occurring in Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Foliage in Puerto Rico1-2 Juan Calle-Bellido3, Lydia I
Bacteria occurring in onion (Allium cepa L.) foliage in Puerto Rico1-2 Juan Calle-Bellido3, Lydia I. Rivera-Vargas4, Myrna Alameda4 and Irma Cabrera5 J. Agrie. Univ. P.R. 96(3-4):199-219 (2012) ABSTRACT Bacteria associated with foliar symptoms of onion (Allium cepa L.) were examined in the southern region of Puerto Rico from January through April 2004. Different symptoms were observed in onion foliage of cultivars 'Mercedes' and 'Excalibur' at Juana Díaz and Santa Isabel, Puerto Rico. Ellipsoidal sunken lesions with soft rot and disruption of tissue were the most common symptoms observed in onion foliage in field conditions. From a total of 39 bacterial strains isolated from diverse symptoms in onion foliage, 38% were isolated from soft rotting lesions. Ninety-two percent of the bacteria isolated from onion foliage was Gram negative. Pantoea spp. with 25%, was the most frequently isolated genus, followed by Pasteurella spp. and Serratia rubidae with 10% each. Fifty- six percent of the strains held plant pathogenic potential; these strains belong to the genera Acidovorax sp., Burkholderia sp., Clavibacter sp., Curtobacterium sp., Enterobacter sp., Pantoea spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Xanthomonas spp. Pathogenicity tests showed that seven out of eight tested bacterial strains evaluated under field conditions caused symptoms in onion foliage for both cultivars. Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli, Burkholderia glumae, Pantoea agglomerans, P. dispersa, Pseudomonas sp., Xanthomonas sp., and Xanthomonas-Wke sp. were pathogenic to leaf tissues. Clavibacter michiganensis was not pathogenic to leaf tissues. Other bacteria identified as associated with onion leaf tissue were Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens, Cytophaga sp., Enterobacter cloacae, Flavimonas oryzihabitans, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pantoea stewartii, Pasteurella anatis, P. -
Bacteria Associated with Vascular Wilt of Poplar
Bacteria associated with vascular wilt of poplar Hanna Kwasna ( [email protected] ) Poznan University of Life Sciences: Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu https://orcid.org/0000-0001- 6135-4126 Wojciech Szewczyk Poznan University of Life Sciences: Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu Marlena Baranowska Poznan University of Life Sciences: Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk Poznan University of Life Sciences: Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu Research Article Keywords: Bacteria, Pathogens, Plantation, Poplar hybrids, Vascular wilt Posted Date: May 27th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-250846/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/30 Abstract In 2017, the 560-ha area of hybrid poplar plantation in northern Poland showed symptoms of tree decline. Leaves appeared smaller, turned yellow-brown, and were shed prematurely. Twigs and smaller branches died. Bark was sunken and discolored, often loosened and split. Trunks decayed from the base. Phloem and xylem showed brown necrosis. Ten per cent of trees died in 1–2 months. None of these symptoms was typical for known poplar diseases. Bacteria in soil and the necrotic base of poplar trunk were analysed with Illumina sequencing. Soil and wood were colonized by at least 615 and 249 taxa. The majority of bacteria were common to soil and wood. The most common taxa in soil were: Acidobacteria (14.757%), Actinobacteria (14.583%), Proteobacteria (36.872) with Betaproteobacteria (6.516%), Burkholderiales (6.102%), Comamonadaceae (2.786%), and Verrucomicrobia (5.307%).The most common taxa in wood were: Bacteroidetes (22.722%) including Chryseobacterium (5.074%), Flavobacteriales (10.873%), Sphingobacteriales (9.396%) with Pedobacter cryoconitis (7.306%), Proteobacteria (73.785%) with Enterobacteriales (33.247%) including Serratia (15.303%) and Sodalis (6.524%), Pseudomonadales (9.829%) including Pseudomonas (9.017%), Rhizobiales (6.826%), Sphingomonadales (5.646%), and Xanthomonadales (11.194%). -
Scoping Study on the Management of Varnish Spot in Field and Hydroponic Lettuce
Scoping study on the management of varnish spot in field and hydroponic lettuce Andrew Watson NSW Department of Primary Industries Project Number: VG03003 VG03003 This report is published by Horticulture Australia Ltd to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for the vegetable industry. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd with the financial support of the vegetable industry. All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Ltd or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. ISBN 0 7341 1146 0 Published and distributed by: Horticultural Australia Ltd Level 1 50 Carrington Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 E-Mail: [email protected] © Copyright 2005 VG 03003(June 2005) Scoping study on the management of varnish spot in field and hydroponic lettuce Andrew Watson NSW Department of Primary Industries. VG 03003 Andrew Watson NSW Department of Primary Industries National Vegetable Industry Centre Yanco, 2703. Phone 02 69 512611 Fax 02 69 512719 Email [email protected] Other members of the project team include; Tony Napier NSW Department of Primary Industries National Vegetable Industry Centre Yanco, 2703. This report covers the activities undertaken during the period of the project from July 2003 till June 2005. Other relevant material that was developed before the start date has also been included. -
Antibiotic Resistant Pseudomonas Spp. Spoilers in Fresh Dairy Products: an Underestimated Risk and the Control Strategies
foods Review Antibiotic Resistant Pseudomonas Spp. Spoilers in Fresh Dairy Products: An Underestimated Risk and the Control Strategies Laura Quintieri , Francesca Fanelli * and Leonardo Caputo Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0805929317 Received: 19 July 2019; Accepted: 23 August 2019; Published: 1 September 2019 Abstract: Microbial multidrug resistance (MDR) is a growing threat to public health mostly because it makes the fight against microorganisms that cause lethal infections ever less effective. Thus, the surveillance on MDR microorganisms has recently been strengthened, taking into account the control of antibiotic abuse as well as the mechanisms underlying the transfer of antibiotic genes (ARGs) among microbiota naturally occurring in the environment. Indeed, ARGs are not only confined to pathogenic bacteria, whose diffusion in the clinical field has aroused serious concerns, but are widespread in saprophytic bacterial communities such as those dominating the food industry. In particular, fresh dairy products can be considered a reservoir of Pseudomonas spp. resistome, potentially transmittable to consumers. Milk and fresh dairy cheeses products represent one of a few “hubs” where commensal or opportunistic pseudomonads frequently cohabit together with food microbiota and hazard pathogens even across their manufacturing processes. Pseudomonas spp., widely studied for food spoilage effects, are instead underestimated for their possible impact on human health. Recent evidences have highlighted that non-pathogenic pseudomonads strains (P. fluorescens, P. putida) are associated with some human diseases, but are still poorly considered in comparison to the pathogen P. aeruginosa.