Grant Gillon
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The Effects of Proportional Representation on Election
THE EFFECTS OF PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION ON ELECTION LAWMAKING IN AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND by Joshua Ferrer A Thesis Submitted to the Politics Programme University of Otago in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts January 2020 ii iii ABSTRACT It is widely recognized that most politicians are self-interested and desire election rules beneficial to their reelection. Although partisanship in electoral system reform is well- understood, the factors that encourage or constrain partisan manipulation of the other democratic “rules of the game”—including election administration, franchise laws, campaign finance, boundary drawing, and electoral governance—has received little scholarly attention to date. Aotearoa New Zealand remains the only established democracy to switch from a non-proportional to a proportional electoral system and thus presents a natural experiment to test the effects of electoral system change on the politics of election lawmaking. Using a longitudinal comparative case study analysis, this thesis examines partisan and demobilizing election reforms passed between 1970 and 1993 under first-past- the-post and between 1997 and 2018 under mixed-member proportional representation (MMP). Although partisan election reforms have not diminished under MMP, demobilizing reforms have become less common. Regression analysis uncovers evidence that partisan election lawmaking is more likely when the effective number of parties in parliament is lower, when non-voters have more leverage, and when reforms are pursued that diminish electoral participation. iv To Arthur Klatsky, with all my love v PREFACE This thesis would not be what it is without the generosity, time, and aroha of countless people. For the sake of the Otago Politics Department’s printing budget, I will attempt to be brief. -
New Zealand Hansard Precedent Manual
IND 1 NEW ZEALAND HANSARD PRECEDENT MANUAL Precedent Manual: Index 16 July 2004 IND 2 ABOUT THIS MANUAL The Precedent Manual shows how procedural events in the House appear in the Hansard report. It does not include events in Committee of the whole House on bills; they are covered by the Committee Manual. This manual is concerned with structure and layout rather than text - see the Style File for information on that. NB: The ways in which the House chooses to deal with procedural matters are many and varied. The Precedent Manual might not contain an exact illustration of what you are looking for; you might have to scan several examples and take parts from each of them. The wording within examples may not always apply. The contents of each section and, if applicable, its subsections, are included in CONTENTS at the front of the manual. At the front of each section the CONTENTS lists the examples in that section. Most sections also include box(es) containing background information; these boxes are situated at the front of the section and/or at the front of subsections. The examples appear in a column format. The left-hand column is an illustration of how the event should appear in Hansard; the right-hand column contains a description of it, and further explanation if necessary. At the end is an index. Precedent Manual: Index 16 July 2004 IND 3 INDEX Absence of Minister see Minister not present Amendment/s to motion Abstention/s ..........................................................VOT3-4 Address in reply ....................................................OP12 Acting Minister answers question......................... -
Coalition Traits That Affected New Zealand’S MMP Governments of 1996-2002
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Formation, Durability and Susceptibility Coalition Traits that Affected New Zealand’s MMP Governments of 1996-2002 A dissertation presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy Massey University Albany Campus, North Shore City, New Zealand Grant Marc Gillon 2007 Abstract This thesis explores the relevant impact of three influences - policy, personality and opportunity - on New Zealand governments since 1996. The Mixed Member Proportional electoral system (MMP) was adopted by New Zealand for the 1996 general election. The various coalition government arrangements since then have been analysed using a series of case studies of identified events during coalitions’ crucial pre-election, formation, duration and termination stages. The roles assumed by, or perceived of, small parties have been important as have the actions of the pivotal party in each government. My interest in this topic springs from my service as an Alliance MP. I was an Alliance party list Member of Parliament during the 45th and 46th Parliaments (1996-2002). Systems theory was relied upon as the methodology with which to study relevant political processes. Key informant interviews and participant observation were the main research methods. This research investigates the traits, apparent in the coalitions formed from 1996 until 2002, which contributed to each government’s continuation or termination. Each stage reflected the parties’ competing interests as argued by theorists such as Muller and Strøm. -
Llamamiento Mundial De Los Parlamentarios a Favor De La Tasa Tobin Appel Mondial Des Parlementaires Pour La Taxe Tobin Parliamen
Parliamentarian World Call for the 'Tobin Tax' The campaign for a 'Tobin Tax' continues... 864 parliamentarians from 33 coun- However, despite the good intentions agenda. Globalisation creates wealth, tries have signed the Parliamentarian of these declarations of, no new but also a great deal of inequality. A World Call for the 'Tobin Tax'. mechanism of financing was put in 'Tobin Tax' could be the first tax of this place to reverse the decrease in public new type, leading to others of this kind Last year, following the Earth fund budgets going to development such as a tax on maritime activity. Summit in Johannesburg and the aid and to pay for universal access to International Conference on all global public goods. We invite you to continue to spread Financing for Development in the word about this appeal and to col- Monterrey, the international commu- It has never been so urgent to create a lect signatures. nity confirmed that it is imperative to more equal world, a world where find the necessary funding to guaran- poverty is not the only future for tee universal access to all the essen- millions of human beings. Peace and Harlem Désir, Glyn Ford, tial elements of a decent quality of stability in the world are also at stake. Carlos Carnero life, the ability to nourish oneself pro- "Capital Taxes, Fiscal Systems and Globalisation" perly, access to drinking water, to This is why the question of a global Intergroup of the European Parliament education, and to medicines..... solidarity tax remains at the top of the Appel mondial des parlementaires pour la taxe Tobin Le combat pour la taxe Tobin se poursuit… 864 parlementaires de 33 pays, ont signé Mais, malgré les déclarations d’inten- pour lutter contre la spéculation et les l’Appel mondial des parlementaires tions, aucun mécanisme nouveau de paradis fiscaux. -
Written Submissions Written Submissions
ATTACHMENT 3 ATTACHMENTWRITTEN 3 - WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS SUBMISSIONS WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS Individuals Submissions Contents Page Sub# Individual Page 4 Dr Adriana Gunder QSM JP 2 6 Dr Grant Gillon 2-3 7 Kevin Fox 3-4 3 Nick Muir 4 6 Owen Thompson 4-5 *Submission number relates to the order the submission was received and used here for cross reference purposes. 1 Sub# Individual Submission 4 Dr Adriana Gunder QSM JP I agree with option 4 but I would like no signs at all on private land on specific public places as per the list you propose. 1. My comments are that because they are on private land there is no uniformity and it look very messy, plus the sign of one party (council election or political election) can upset neighbors and they might be cause for vandals to came into a private property to damage the sign. We can see damage of the signs into public land and it is no different if they are on private property. 2. In some European countries when there is an election (council or general) the council provide some large board in very public places and a part of the board is given to every political parties and they can put on it what they want, but no in other places. 6 Dr Grant Gillon 1. I question the right of Auckland Transport to promulgate such a bylaw. I don‟t question the right of Auckland Transport to promulgate bylaws within its jurisdiction but argue that Election matters are not matters for Auckland Transport. -
Women, Politics and the Media
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Women, Politics and the Media: The 1999 New Zealand General Election A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in Communication & Journalism at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Susan Lyndsey Fountaine 2002 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to say thank you very much to my supervisors, Professor Judy McGregor and Dr Margie Comrie, from the Department of Communication & Journalism at Massey University. Their guidance, insight, on-going support and humour sustained me, and were always greatly appreciated. Thank you to all the women politicians who participated in the interviews, especially Marian Hobbs, who gave up valuable time during the election campaign. I also acknowledge the help of Associate Professor Marilyn Waring in gaining access to National women MPs. There are many other people who gave valuable advice and provided support. Thank you to Dr Ted Drawneek, Mark Sullman and Lance Gray fo r much-needed statistical help, and to Shaz Benson and Wendy Pearce fo r assistance with fo rmatting and layout. Thanks also to Doug Ashwell and Marianne Tremaine, "fellow travellers" in the Department of Communication & Journalism, and Arne Evans fo r codingvalidation. I would also like to acknowledge the assistance I received from Massey University, in the fo rm of an Academic Women's Award. This allowed me to take time off from other duties, and I must thank Joanne Cleland fo r the great work she did in my absence. -
Cabinet Collective Responsibility in New Zealand: How Relevant Is The
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by AUT Scholarly Commons Refereed paper presented to the Australasian Political Studies Association Conference University of Newcastle 25 – 27 September 2006. Machinations and Maneuverings: Pre-Election Utterances in the New Zealand MMP Elections. Grant Gillon1 School Cultural and Social Studies Massey University, Albany Email: [email protected] Telephone +64 9 480 1835 Abstract New Zealand has not yet experienced the type of pre-election coalition formations that have been practiced in some other parliamentary democracies. Yet, there have been occasions where individual parties have signalled their unambiguous preference for a coalition partner based on a desired electoral result. Some parties have also clearly stated that they will not form a coalition with a particular party or parties. It would be expected that pre-election signals could be safely relied upon to predict post-election arrangements. A selection of pre-election events, indicators, arrangements and manoeuvrings of the post-MMP elections have been chosen to demonstrate the impact each case study had upon government formations. The position taken by NZ First, in 1996, is contrasted with those taken by the Alliance and Labour parties. Important lessons were learnt, by both Labour and the Alliance, in time for the 1999 election and both parties engaged in a manner which saw them successfully form a new government. During the 2002 and 2005 elections, most parties communicated strong messages indicating their most and their least preferred post-election partners. This paper is part of a wider PhD study on NZ coalitions that is being undertaken by the author. -
Contention As to Resignation of Mrs Manu Alamein Kopu MP Mcgrath JJ 10 September 1997 Chairperson Of
Question of Privilege: Contention as to Resignation of Mrs Manu Alamein Kopu MP McGrath J J 10 September 1997 Chairperson of the Privileges Committee Parliamentary privilege - whether Alamein Kopu has resigned pursuant to s 55(1)(f) of the Electoral Act 1993 - whether MP can contract out of right to leave party and stay in Parliament - estoppel and public policy 10 September 1997 Chairperson of the Privileges Committee Question of Privilege: Contention as to Resignation of Mrs Manu Alamein Kopu MP Our Ref: CLE182/10 1. As requested I set out my views as to whether Manu Alamein Kopu has in law resigned from Parliament pursuant to s 55 of the Electoral Act 1993 (“the Act”). 2. Section 55 of the Act sets out the circumstances in which the seat of any Member of Parliament (“MP”) shall become vacant. More particularly, s 55(1)(f) sets out the circumstances in which the seat of a Member becomes vacant by virtue of a resignation. The key question is whether, in all the factual circumstances, Mrs Kopu has resigned her seat. 3. The following advice is predicated on the assumption that the perception of the facts put to the Committee by the Alliance is correct. A summary of the facts as asserted by the Alliance is attached as Appendix A. Many of these statements are, of course, disputed by Mrs Kopu in the evidence and submissions she has put to the Committee. It may, however, assist the Committee to consider my view as to the legal position should the Alliance’s view of the facts be accepted as correct in all material respects. -
Political Messaging, Parliament, and People, Or, Why Politicians Say The
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Political Messaging, Parliament, and People Or, Why Politicians Say the Things They Do the Way They Do: The Parliamentary Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand in 2013 A thesis presented in partial fulfilment Of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Anthropology At Massey University Palmerston North Aotearoa New Zealand Jessica Anne Copplestone Bignell 2018 Abstract One of the main things a Member of Parliament (MP) does in their everyday work is talk. They are constantly saying things to try to win over the public’s support and make the world they envision real. This thesis is about politicians’ statements: why they say the things they say the way they do. Based on behind-the-scenes ethnographic fieldwork in the parliamentary offices of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, I explore the difficult strategic work that shapes what opposition MPs say. In order to win over the public support they need to increase their vote, MPs have to communicate effectively in adherence to the rules and codes of political messaging, be good oppositional MPs, and speak and act in ways that fit authentically with their dispositions. I show that, unlike the simple soundbites we see in public from our politicians, the production of statements designed to win support is messy, indeterminate, uncertain, filled with tension and – above all – intensely complex. -
Document Language: 134 1997 New Zealand En
Date Printed: 04/22/2009 JTS Box Number: IFES 67 Tab Number: 134 Document Title: The New Zealand Electoral Compendium Document Date: 1997 Document Country: New Zealand Document Language: English IFES ID: CE01232 The New Zealand Electoral Compendium , , : ..~.: , , ' :if . ,~, ' ... , .' Includes 1996 election,tesults .. ' ..' ,- " . .... ' . '-: .; . I " ~1 ' '. CONTENTS 1 ~i Foreword " Itf New Zealand's Democracy " A Parliamentary democracy 2 ~:i Enrolment system 3 I ~-.1 The MMP voting system 4 , The electoral agencies 6 ~i Electorate maps .. 8 ~ Setting electorate boundaries II How MMP works 14-15 J!f = Sample ballot paper 16-17 Itf ~! 1996 Election Results It:j'~ Results of the 1996 general election 18 Electorate statistics ~'~ 20 Successful candidates 24 ~ r:! Resources on the Internet 26 Results for each electorate ~'J 27 leading unsuccessful list candidates 92 ~ ,-; . - The Electoral Process ~ -J Are you fully informed? 94 J _ Allocation of party list seats 95 ~' :! The St Lague formula 96 ~-5 Registration of political parties 104 e-. :--: Timetable for a general election 107 Citizens Initiated Referenda 109 Electoral Commission ~ I;'-- Non-licensing referenda (1949-1997) Level 6. Greenock House 110 39 The Terrace Allocation of election broadcasting POBox 3050 ~= time and funds III Wellington. New Zealand Tel: (4) 474 0670 Fax: (4) 474 0674 E'~ The 45th Parliament email: [email protected] ~;~ The Cabinet 114 © December 1997 Membership of Select Committees 117 ISBN 0-478-10658-0 ~I_~ IE ,~ J ~-m 3 119 ~ -: Administration of Parliament ~ Parliamentary and ministerial salaries .~ ~j 120 and allowances ~.:3 Electoral Commission Parliamentary Representation ~ Tr Ktrili4lti T.Jrt. J<Nftiri Seats held by political parties ~'!! \ 124 I FOREWORD \ ( 1890-1996) ~' !3 Election statistics - analysis of political The Beaoml Compendium provides a compilation of electoral I \ parties (1981-1996) 126 I:'S data for quick and easy access.