JR East Stations —Accessibility for Today and Tomorrow Akio Shiibashi and Toshiyuki Takai

Feature Barrier-Free Access to Transport

• Upgrading station signs, making infor- Improved facilities for visually Introduction mation easier to obtain and understand impaired • Installing easier-to-use ticket vending JR East is also making its facilities more East Japan Railway Company (JR East) is machines and other equipment accessible for the visually impaired. For modifying its stations and rolling stock so example, it has been laying tactile tiles in that all people, including the elderly and Accessibility Today within passageways and on platform floors, to disabled, can travel more easily. These Stations guide and warn of potential hazards. It is improvements are based on the also attaching Braille keys and labels to company’s desire to provide more people- Escalators and elevators ticket vending machines, fare schedules friendly services, in line with its corpo- The different levels in stations limit the and stairway handrails, and installing rate philosophy promoting easier mobility access of wheelchair users and other chimes that help passengers locate places. for all people now and in the 21st century. people who find stairs difficult to The newest touch-sensitive ticket vending JR East calls its forward-looking stance negotiate. Mechanized devices like machines have Braille labelling. Future 21. escalators and elevators offer far greater mobility. These are being installed in JR Upgraded signs and other East stations to facilitate train travel for the improvements Basic Approach elderly, disabled, and other users as well. JR East has improved its station signs and JR East’s most heavily used stations are display panels to make navigating in Now that Japan’s population is aging generally located within 50 km of the stations smoother and less worrying. In rapidly, Future 21 aims to improve heart of Tokyo and the company gives 1989, it installed new types of signs in two equipment and facilities in stations and priority to installation of escalators within Tokyo stations—Shinjuku and Akihabara. rolling stock to offer barrier-free access. this area. The company plans to have Since then, it has refined its signs to make Greater cleanliness is another goal. installed escalators in all its stations in information easier to understand, and has The following steps are being taken to Tokyo’s 23 wards within 4 years from printed good practice manuals detailing meet the future needs of the travelling fiscal 1998, and in about 80% of its new sign policies. Signs now have larger public: stations located within a 50-km radius print and more pictograms to help the • Installing more escalators and other (Fig.1). elderly. devices to make it easier to move from The company has taken other steps as one station level to another well, including installing toilets that offer easier use for the physically disabled, laying ramps at steps for wheelchair users, and widening ticket wickets. Figure 1 JR East Escalator Installations within 50-km Radius of Tokyo Station

Rolling Stock Improvements Konosu Kuki Number of Escalators in JR East Stations Escalator installation ratio Priority seats within 50 km radius of Omiya Total number Tokyo Station to rise from Toride 700 The company designates seats on all local 40% to 80% 600 trains for priority use by the elderly, Escalator installation ratio 500 disabled, passengers with young children, Takao in Tokyo's 23 wards to Narita rise from 60% to 100% 400 pregnant women, etc. Hachioji 300 Number in use in 2001 200 Soga Number of escalators — increase of about Facilities for wheelchair users 100 160% over 1997 figures Some JR East cars have wheelchair 0 positions, as well as toilets accessible for 93 95 97 99 01 wheelchair users. Special wheelchair lifts Hiratsuka Fiscal year offer better access to double-deck shinkansen cars.

28 Japan Railway & Transport Review 20 • June 1999 Copyright © 1999 EJRCF. All rights reserved. Tactile tiles on platforms guide and warn people with impaired vision of hazards. (JR East) Braille keys on ticket vending machine (JR East)

• Carrying cab removed when not in use installation time and costs. Station staff operate the device and • Users have no sense of inconvenience Future Developments ensure safe functioning. As a result, the The curved design matches the sur- lift occupies very little space on the roundings, making the device seem JR East is also developing new technolo- staircase. When the lift is not in use, quite natural for the environment. gies, many of which allow far greater the staircase width is practically the The older JD Escal wheelchair lift could accessibility from one level to another. Let same as without the lift installation. only be used on straight stretches of stairs. us look briefly at some of these innovations. • Reduced installation time However, passageways in stations often The guide rails are self-supporting, so include bridges over tracks and tunnels JD Escal there is no need to strengthen the under them—requiring passengers to In the past, the company installed a few stairwell wall. This greatly reduces make 90° turns, and to proceed up and wheelchair lifts on station staircases to improve access for wheelchair users. These lifts had a number of disadvantages. For example, they took up considerable stair space, leaving less area for other passengers. In addition, the wheelchair lift system had to be pinned firmly to the walls of the stairwell, but the walls were often not strong enough to accommodate it. Consequently, this type of wheelchair lift could not be installed in many stations. To solve these problems and permit more widespread use of wheelchair lifts in stations, JR East developed a new type in 1992, called JD Escal. This newer version, installed since 1993, has a number of advantages over its predecessor: • Staircases have practically same width after installation Easier-to understand station signs (JR East)

• Reduced installation time Only one week is required to install the basic elevator unit and even the shaft is factory built, reducing costs and on-site work. About 1 month is required to complete installation, including subsidiary on-site work. • Better convenience The cage is narrower than conventional elevators, but the wheelchair does not have to turn around inside because there are two doors on opposite sides— one for entry, the other for exit. • Safety A weight sensor triggers an alarm automatically if a user remains inside the lift longer than the pre-determined time. Photocells are installed at the JD Escal II (JR East) Space-saving elevator at Yotsuya Station of Chuo Line in Tokyo (JR East) entry and exit doors and there is no door-close button. All these innovations down a series of gradients. To cope with • Requires less space were designed with the physically these barriers, and let wheelchair users The motor is installed in the shaft. As a disabled in mind. negotiate a number of staircases without result, the floor area occupied by the In 1995, this elevator system was first changing to another lift, JR East developed system is only 2.05 x 1.9 m. The total installed at Yotsuya Station on the Chuo the JD Escal II, an improved wheelchair required space is only about 30% of that Line on the platform serving express lift. This version has been installed since required by a conventional elevator trains. A total of 11 improved, lower- 1997. Needless to say, both the JD Escal with a hydraulic motor in a machine cost versions had been installed in and the JD Escal II meet legislated safety room. seven JR East stations by 31 March standards, and have received ministerial 1999. approval. At 31 March 1999, the JD Escal and its newer cousin, the JD Escal II, were installed in 77 locations in 40 JR East stations, and more than 50 were installed in stations operated by other railways. Wheelchair users find them a welcome addition to stations.

Space-saving elevators Conventional elevators for wheelchair users require a machine room built separately from the elevator shaft. This makes installation difficult in stations where space is limited. They also require much time to install. To solve these problems, JR East developed a small, space-saving elevator that has the following advantages: Wheelchair platform installed on escalator (JR East)

30 Japan Railway & Transport Review 20 • June 1999 Copyright © 1999 EJRCF. All rights reserved. Seat designated for elderly, disabled people, etc. Wheelchair-accessible toilet in rapid commuter train (JR East) (JR East)

JR East is currently developing an even to develop a new type of lift that disabled more advanced low-cost elevator that Conclusion passengers can operate themselves. And will require even less space. of course, stations must be made more As the Japanese population ages, the convenient and appealing for the regular Other aids number of elderly and disabled will travelling public as well. The company is also conducting research increase, and these people will assume JR East intends to continue developing on other devices to overcome barriers more active roles in society. Many new equipment and technologies to caused by different heights. These include: problems must still be solved before they establish a truly people-friendly railway • Devices permitting wheelchair users to can use barrier-free stations and trains environment that satisfies the needs of easily traverse two or more steps in without depending on the assistance of passengers in the next century. I stations. others. For example, station personnel • Escalator system that can be retrofitted must operate today’s wheelchair lifts— without ripping up station staircases. future research will probably be needed

Akio Shiibashi Toshiyuki Takai

Mr Shiibashi is the Manager of the Passenger Service Facilities Mr Takai is Manager of Technology for Customer Service in the Division in the Facilities Department of JR East. He graduated in Technical Development & Research Department of JR East. He mechanical engineering from Saitama University. graduated in mechanical engineering from Waseda University.