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Plan De Manejo Parque Nacional Queulat Departamento de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas CORPORACIÓN NACIONAL FORESTAL Región de Aysén Documento de trabajo N° 570 PLAN DE MANEJO PARQUE NACIONAL QUEULAT 2012 EQUIPO TÉCNICO DE PLANIFICACIÓN: CONSEJO CONSULTIVO LOCAL. CONAF REGIÓN DE AYSÉN - Dennis Aldridge Vukusic. Médico EQUIPO CONSULTOR: CENTRO EULA- Veterinario. Jefe Departamento de Áreas CHILE UNIVERSIDAD DE CONCEPCIÓN Silvestres Protegidas. - Mauricio Aguayo A. Ingeniero Forestal. - María Loreto Pedrasa Manieu. Ingeniero Dr. Cs Ambientales. Forestal. Coordinadora Técnica - Ernesto Smith A. Ing. Geomensor. Departamento de Áreas Silvestres Magíster en Gestión Integrada. Protegidas. - Cynthia Vanlerberghe M. Ingeniera en - Eladio Pinto Núñez. Técnico Forestal Medioambiente. Diplomado en Análisis y Universitario. Jefe Área La Junta. Gestión del Ambiente. Departamento de Áreas Silvestres - Karla García B. Bióloga. Protegidas. Magíster en Zoología. - Adrián Escobar Castillo. Geógrafo. - Gerardo Azocar G. Geógrafo. Encargado Unidad de Planificación e Dr. Cs Ambientales. Información Territorial. Departamento de - María Doroles Muñoz. Arquitecto. Áreas Silvestres Protegidas. Dra. Arquitectura. - Victor Cornejo Macaya. Psicopedagogo. - María Mardones. Geógrafa. Encargado de Educación Ambiental y Dra. Geomorfología. Estadísticas. Departamento de Áreas - Alejandra Stehr. Ingeniera Civil. Silvestres Protegidas. Dra. Cs Ambientales. - Alvaro D´Amico Najum. Ing. en - Fernando Torrejón G. Prof. Historia y Medioambiente. Administrador PN Geografía. Queulat. Departamento de Áreas - Alberto Araneda. Biólogo. Silvestres Protegidas Dr. Cs Ambientales. - Juan Reyes Campos. Técnico Forestal. - Ricardo Figueroa. Biólogo. Guardaparque PN Queulat. Dr. Cs Biológicas. Departamento de Áreas Silvestres - Cristian Vargas. Biólogo Marino. Protegidas. Dr. Oceanografía. - Roberto Coz Saavedra.Ingeniero Forestal. - Simón Pfanzelt, Biólogo. Guardaparque PN Queulat. Dr. (c) en Botánica. Departamento de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas. COORDINADORES - Sergio Manríquez Figueroa. - Adrián Escobar Castillo (CONAF) Guardaparque PN Queulat. - Mauricio Aguayo A (Centro EULA-Chile) Departamento de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas. CONSULTORÍA FINANCIADA POR EL GOBIERNO REGIONAL DE AYSÉN INDICE GENERAL ETAPA 1: PREPARACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS DE ENTORNO 1 INTRODUCCIÓN 1 2 ANTECENDENTES GENERALES DEL PARQUE 2 2.1 IMPORTANCIA DEL ÁREA 2 2.2 UBICACIÓN 3 2.3 ACCESOS Y CONECTIVIDAD TERRITORIAL 4 2.3.1 Accesos terrestres desde el Norte 4 2.3.2 Accesos terrestres desde el Sur 5 2.3.3 Acceso Marino 5 2.4 PROPIEDAD Y TENENCIA DE LA TIERRA 7 2.4.1 Origen Legal del Parque. 7 2.4.2 Tenencia de la tierra entorno del Parque 7 3 DIAGNÓSTICO ECOGEOGRÁFICO DEL PARQUE NACIONAL QUEULAT 8 3.1 ANTECEDENTES FLORA Y VEGETACIÓN: FORMACIONES Y PISOS VEGETACIONALES 8 PRESENTES EN EL PARQUE 3.2 ANTECEDENTES GEOLÓGICOS Y GEOMORFOLÓGICOS 12 3.3 ANTECEDENTES DATA HISTÓRICA GLACIAR QUEULAT 15 3.4 ANTECEDENTES HIDROLÓGICOS 17 3.5 ANTECEDENTES ECOSISTÉMICOS DEL FIORDO QUEULAT: INTERACCIÓN TERRESTRE- 18 MARINA 4 ZONAS DE INFLUENCIA 22 4.1 TIPOS DE ZONA DE INFLUENCIA 23 4.1.1 Zona de Influencia Ecológica (ZIE) 23 4.1.2 Zona de Influencia Socio – Económica (ZISE) 25 4.1.3 Zona de Influencia Político – Administrativa (ZIPA) 27 5 MARCO LEGAL, POLÍTICO Y TÉCNICO 29 5.1 MARCO LEGAL 29 5.1.1 Legislación aplicable al PNQ. 29 5.1.2 Antecedentes normativos de CONAF 31 5.2 MARCO POLÍTICO – ADMINISTRATIVO 32 5.3 MARCO TÉCNICO 33 6 CONDICIONANTES DE MANEJO 34 7 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ETAPA 1 35 ETAPA 2:ANÁLISIS TERRITORIAL 1 INTRODUCCIÓN 1 2 ANTECEDENTES GENERALES DEL CLIMA Y SUELO 2 2.1 CLIMA 2 2.2 TEMPERATURAS 2 2.3 PRECIPITACIONES 3 2.4 VIENTOS 3 2.5 TIPOS DE SUELOS 4 3 DEFINICIÓN Y VALORACIÓN DE UNIDADES HOMOGÉNEAS (UH) 6 3.1 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA ECOSISTEMA 9 3.1.1 Valoración de Ecosistemas Según Criterios de Unicidad y Fragilidad 12 3.2 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA COMUNIDADES VEGETALES 17 3.2.1 Valoración de Comunidades Vegetales 23 3.3 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA BIOTOPOS FAUNÍSTICOS 39 3.3.1 Valoración de Biotopos Faunísticos Según Criterios de Riqueza de Especies, Estado de Conservación y Endemismo 43 3.3.2 Valoración de Biotopos Faunísticos Según Criterios de Sobrepoblación de Biotopos y Valor Productivo de Biotopo 55 3.4 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA GEOMORFOLOGÍA 61 3.4.1 Antecedentes Geológicos 61 3.4.2 Características Geomorfológicas 67 3.5 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA EROSIÓN 82 3.6 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA PENDIENTES 86 3.7 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA DE PAISAJE 90 3.7.1 Identificación de Unidades Homogéneas del Paisaje 90 3.7.2 Valoración de Unidades de Paisaje Según Criterios de Calidad y 92 Fragilidad 3.8 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA OCUPACIÓN. 120 3.8.1 Tipos de Ocupación Vinculada al Parque, Tanto al Interior como Aledaña al Área 120 3.8.2 Valoración Según Criterio Dependencia al Medio (Dm) 125 3.9 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA DE ACCESOS 127 3.9.1 Valoración de unidades de acceso según criterio accesibilidad 129 3.10 UNIDAD HOMOGENEA DE SUBCUENCAS 132 3.10.1 Hidrografía del Área de Estudio 132 3.10.2 Sistemas Lacustres y Fluviales Asociados al Parque Nacional Queulat y Reserva Nacional Lago Rosselot 136 3.10.3 Amenazas más Importantes a Los Sistemas Acuáticos 138 3.10.4 Evaluación de la Calidad del Agua y del Estado Ecológico 139 3.10.5 Influencia del Flujo de Nutrientes y Materia Orgánica desde el Ecosistema Terrestre al Ecosistemas de Fiordos 155 3.10.6 Calidad de Ribera y de Hábitat 159 3.10.7 Biota Acuática: Macroinvertebrados Bentónicos 162 3.10.8 Consideraciones para la Conservación 165 3.10.9 Valoración de Subcuencas según criterio de disponibilidad de Aguas 166 3.10.10 Valoración alternativa de disponibilidad de agua para la Reserva Nacional Lago Rosselot 170 3.11 UNIDAD HOMOGÉNEA RECURSOS CULTURALES 173 3.11.1 Valoración de Sitios de Recursos Culturales según Criterios Intrínsecos 178 3.11.2 Valoración de Sitios de Recursos Culturales según Criterio de Manejo 180 3.11.3 Valoración de sitios de recursos culturales según criterio de 182 reconocimiento público 4 BIBLIOGRAFIA ETAPA 2 184 ETAPA 3: ORDENACIÓN Y PROGRAMACIÓN 1 INTRODUCCIÓN 1 2 OBJETIVOS DE MANEJO 2 3 PROGRAMACIÓN. 5 3.1 MATRIZ LÓGICA DE PROGRAMAS 5 3.1.1 Matriz Lógica del Programa de Operación 6 3.1.2 Matriz Lógica del Programa de Uso Público 13 3.1.3 Matriz Programa de Conservación de los Recursos Naturales y Culturales 19 3.1.4 Matriz Lógica del Programa de Vinculación y Desarrollo 24 3.2 CRONOGRAMA DE ACTIVIDADES 28 3.2.1 Cronograma Programa de Operación 29 3.2.2 Cronograma Programa de Uso Público 32 3.2.3 Cronograma Programa de Conservación de Recursos Naturales y Culturales 35 3.2.4 Cronograma Programa General de Vinculación y Desarrollo 39 4 ZONIFICACIÓN 42 4.1 ZONAS DE VOCACIÓN DE USO 48 4.1.1 Zona de Vocación Intangible 49 4.1.2 Zona de Vocación de Uso Primitiva 53 4.1.3 Zona de Vocación de Uso de Recuperación Natural 56 4.1.4 Zona de Vocación de Uso Público 59 4.1.5 Zona de Vocación de Uso Histórico-Cultural 62 4.1.6 Zona de Vocación de Uso especial 65 4.2 ZONIFICACIÓN DEL PARQUE NACIONAL QUEULAT 67 5 NORMATIVA 70 5.1.1 Normativa de Uso y Manejo 70 5.1.2 Normas Generales 77 5.1.3 Normas Administrativas 77 5.1.4 Normas sectoriales 78 6 CONVENIOS INTERNACIONALES 88 ETAPA 4: DIRECCIÓN Y SEGUIMIENTO 1 INTRODUCCIÓN 1 2 ESTRUCTURA ORGANIZACIONAL 2 2.1 SECTORIZACIÓN 2 2.1.1 Historia de la Sectorización en el Área 2 2.1.2 Sectorización Actual 2 3 ORGANIGRAMA 4 3.1 DEFINICIÓN DE FUNCIONES DEL ORGANIGRAMA 6 4 SEGUIMIENTO Y EVALUACIÓN (S y E) 7 4.1 PLAN OPERATIVO ANUAL 7 5 SEGUIMIENTO 8 ANEXOS ETAPA 1 ANEXO 1. DOCUMENTOS MARCO LEGAL (ARCHIVOS ADJUNTOS) ANEXO 2. DOCUMENTO DECLARACIÓN RESERVA NACIONAL LAGO ROSSELOT (ARCHIVOS ADJUNTOS) ANEXO 3. TABLA RESUMEN MARCO LEGAL, POLÍTICO Y ADMINISTRATIVO ANEXO ETAPA 2 ANEXO 1. DESCRIPCION Y CRITERIOS DE LOS ECOSISTEMAS ANEXO 2. DESCRIPCIÓN Y CRITERIOS DE LAS COMUNIDADES VEGETALES ANEXO 3. DESCRIPCIÓN Y CRITERIOS DE LOS BIOTOPOS FAUNÍSTICOS ANEXO 4. DESCRIPCIÓN DE UNIDADES GEOMORFOLÓGICAS ANEXO 5. ANALISIS DE PAISAJE APLICADO AL CAMINO DE ACCESO (RUTA 7) ANEXO 6. DESCRIPCIÓN SITIOS DE OCUPACIÓN EXTENSIVA ANEXO 7. DESCRIPCIÓN DE ACCESOS ANEXO 8. DESCRIPCIÓN DE SUBCUENCAS ANEXO 9. DESCRIPCIÓN DE RECURSOS CULTURALES ANEXO 10. ANÁLISIS DEL RETROCESO GLACIAR EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL QUEULAT EN LOS ÚLTIMOS 30 AÑOS ANEXO 11. INFORME SUELO ANEXO 12. LISTADO DE ESPECIES DE FLORA PRESENTES EN EL PARQUE Y RESERVA ANEXO 13. LISTADO DE FAUNA PRESENTE EN EL PARQUE Y RESERVA ANEXO ETAPA 3 ANEXO 1. ÁRBOL DE PROBLEMAS (INFORME DE TALLERES). ANEXO 2. ZONIFICACIÓN. ETAPA 1: PREPARACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS DE ENTORNO ÍNDICE ETAPA 1 PREPARACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS DE ENTORNO 1 INTRODUCCIÓN 1 2 ANTECENDENTES GENERALES DEL PARQUE 2 2.1 IMPORTANCIA DEL ÁREA 2 2.2 UBICACIÓN 3 2.3 ACCESOS Y CONECTIVIDAD TERRITORIAL 4 2.3.1 Accesos terrestres desde el Norte 4 2.3.2 Accesos terrestres desde el Sur 5 2.3.3 Acceso Marino. 5 2.4 PROPIEDAD Y TENENCIA DE LA TIERRA 7 2.4.1 Origen Legal del Parque. 7 2.4.2 Tenencia de la tierra entorno del Parque 7 3 DIAGNÓSTICO ECOGEOGRÁFICO DEL PARQUE NACIONAL QUEULAT 8 3.1 ANTECEDENTES FLORA Y VEGETACIÓN: FORMACIONES Y PISOS VEGETACIONALES 8 PRESENTES EN EL PARQUE 3.2 ANTECEDENTES GEOLÓGICOS Y GEOMORFOLÓGICOS 12 3.3 ANTECEDENTES DATA HISTÓRICA GLACIAR QUEULAT 15 3.4 ANTECEDENTES HIDROLÓGICOS 17 3.5 ANTECEDENTES ECOSISTÉMICOS DEL FIORDO QUEULAT: INTERACCIÓN TERRESTRE- 18 MARINA 4 ZONAS DE INFLUENCIA 22 4.1 TIPOS DE ZONA DE INFLUENCIA 23 4.1.1 Zona de Influencia Ecológica (ZIE) 23 4.1.2 Zona de Influencia Socio – Económica (ZISE) 25 4.1.3 Zona de Influencia Político – Administrativa (ZIPA) 27 5 MARCO LEGAL, POLÍTICO Y TÉCNICO 29 5.1 MARCO LEGAL 29 5.1.1 Legislación aplicable al PNQ. 29 5.1.2 Antecedentes normativos de CONAF 31 5.2 MARCO POLÍTICO – ADMINISTRATIVO 32 5.3 MARCO TÉCNICO 33 6 CONDICIONANTES DE MANEJO 34 7 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ETAPA 1 35 1.
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