CRC World Dictionary of Grasses Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology Umberto Quattrocchi

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© 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Keng, Steud., brane, longandlinearleaf blades, plantsbisexual with times reedlike, auriclesabsent,liguleanunfringedmem- Ciencias Exactas,FísicasyNaturales 1908, decumbent, tufted, or ascending,rhizomatous stoloniferousorcaespitose perennial, bunchgrass, leafy, unbranched,herbaceous,erect Poodae, Aveneae, orPooideae,Poodae, Agrostidinae, About 230-270species,temperateregions. Pooideae, Sciences Naturelles Mathématiques, PhysiquesetNaturelles. SecondePartie: Sciences deSaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. Sciences Hack., Nouvelle Agrostographie Naturae, EditioDecima agrostidos A reedygrass,fromtheGreek Stilpnophleum Aulacolepis Amagris Calamagrostis Adanson for Portugal. for theEastIndies,landedatMozambique,claimedBrazil 1467/68-ca. 1526,navigator, in1500sailedfromLisbon explorer Pedro Alvares (Alvarez) Cabral(Cabrera),ca. Cabralea 46: 116-134.2003. Contributions from the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 5: 1-186.1963, 24: 132,134.1911, iensis pharis Panicoideae, Paniceae, Paspalinae, type Cabrera Lag. Plantarum Glumacearum Griseb., plantarum Steud.,

2(2):113.1877and

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Species Plantarum Ancistrochloa

Mémoires del’AcadémieImpérialedes

ﬂ Advancing Frontiers ofPlantSciences

Clarionex P. Beauv., imsy torobust andglabrous,some- Merr.,

3,1(2-3): 193,195.1834, Axonopus

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narrowly paniculatein 135, 147.1893and 414. 1841, Academy ofSciences yliopiston julkaisuja Sarja A II,Biologia-Geographica 21(2-4): 417-453.1978, bers ofthegenus Botanical Magazine Novedades enelgénero iana of Burma Journal ofJapanese Botany 1(1): 20.1922, Journal ofScience Vegetabilis matisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe. Abteilung 1 der Wissenschaften.Akademie kaiserlichen Wien.Mathe- schaften zuGöttingen Abhandlungen derKöniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissen- Flore deDépartementdesHautes-Pyrénées 1: 456.1834, Conspectus Regni Vegetabilis vations surlesGraminées delaFlore Belgique Principes Fondamentaux deSomiologie Germanicae Familles desplantes Novarum Regni Vegetabilis bücher fürSystematik,P canas Plantas polymorphic, type rachilla extended beyond thesingle or contracted,bisexual spikelets compressed,plumose geographie ization, adif sand, inshadeoropenhabitats,páramos,punas,hybrid- valuable sandbinder, marshland fen,wetwoodland, coastal amous, native pasturespecies, canbeinvasive, somespecies appendage, 2plumosestigmas,cleistogamous orchasmog- nous lodicules,stamens3,ovary glabrouswithouttheapical to coriaceous,paleapresent,2freeandglabrousmembra- glumes moreorlessequalsubequal,lemmamembranous unawned, awns straightorsharplybentgeniculate, 2 persistent glumes,hermaphrodite ered andnarrow-lanceolate, spikelets breakingupabove the

19(2-4):404-412.1975[Z.E.Rúgolode Agrasar,

…395,397.1960,

Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum 3(42-43):241-244.1906[1907],

74:19.1947,

ﬁ 1:34.1788,

cult genusoftenincludedin

Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda

2:109.1886,

Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb.

5(4):328-330.1910,

Repertorium SpecierumNovarum Regni

Calamagrostis

89:99-114.1976[Chromosome num- . 31,530.Paris 1763, Calamagrostis lanceolata

48(4):117-118,f.2.1958,

ﬂ 19:256-257,t.2,f.7.1874,

orescence, denseorlaxpanicleopen

Annales Universitatis Turkuensis

Ess. Agrostogr.

ﬂ Deyeuxia Taxon

63(3):229-251.1960, anzengeschichte undP

12:18.1936, Feddes RepertoriumSpecierum

50.1828, Journal ofthe Washington 31(3):561.1982, 3:1-12.1982[also inJapan.], Sitzungsberichte der Clarion(Gramineae)], fl oret, spikelets 1- fl Botanisches Archiv Reise umdieErde 27.1814, 43-44,160.1812, orets, awned or Deyeuxia 246:1691925, Tentamen Florae Botanische Jahr- 1:101.1854, Darwiniana 74.1867, 126.1824, Roth,see Philippine Darwin- , species Grasses fl Obser- anzen- Turun Mexi- 102: fl Ann. ow- 397 2: , Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC var. var. tracta armata tracta cholemma Bolivien: 36-47. 1993, C. alba in English:reedgrass C Species Conservation Biology 227. 2003, Pathology and Paniceae.], some Kashmirgrasses. VIII tribe Agrostideae, Festuceae 1988, Leningrad) mon onsandy lemma glabrous,palatable,usefulforerosioncontrol,com- Southern America, Uruguay, Argentina, Brazil.Perennial, 2005, 2005, 2005, 386. Apr stable statesinduneslacksuccession.” Grootjans, “Enhancednitrogenlossmayexplain alternative Adema, Johan Van deKoppel, Harro A. JMeijerand Ab P. Apr 2005, Ecography tions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Am. J. Bot. 1863-1867. 2001, 87: 591-596.2000, 1-42. 1999, Flora Mediterranea Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow&Leningrad) Xenia Villavicencio, 1991, 1989, nianae, Botanica Acta Facultatis RerumNaturalium Universitatis Come- Univ.Fenn. Abo.,A 398 Botany Berlin 1995, C. alba f. 4.1970. Agronomía Flora Brasiliensis alba 2012, 2013-2021.2004, Arrill. &Izag. Agronomía 1830, . sp. armata ; Deyeuxia armata Döll; (Döll)Parodi; Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda Cytologia Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow&Leningrad) Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow&Leningrad) Global Change Biology The Professional Geographer 71:285-293.1984, (Döll)Parodi; (J.Presl)Steud.subsp. (J.Presl)Steud.( einetaxonomisch-anatomischestudie…1-304. 6(2):99-111.Mar2005, Roseng.,B.R. Arrill. &Izag.; 20(1):14.1953, 73:294-295.1988, Döll; 90:85-92,270-277,364-369.2003, 16(2):68-70.1949, Am. J. Bot. Oikos Am. J. Bot. 28(1): 37-48.Feb2005, Deyeuxia alba Flora ofEthiopiaandEritrea fi Flora Mesoamericana Global Change Biology elds, see 56:437-452.1991[Cytogeneticstudieson Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow&Leningrad) 33:51-55.1986, Calamagrostis montevidensis 109(2):239-254. Apr 2005,ErwinB. Am. J. Bot. 2(3):55.1878, Am. J. Bot. 8:251-262.1998, 3:1-12.1982], 19(3):955-962.June2005. Revision derGattungDeyeuxia in Calamagrostis montevidensis Calamagrostis armata (Döll)Parodi). 91:1147-1153,1333-1344,2004- 86:1-16,17-31.1999, Reliquiae Haenkeanae Am. J. Bot. J.Presl; Calamagrostis alba Parodiana Gramíneas Uruguayas 89:346-351,642-654.2002, 11(6):869-880.June2005, 88:1058-1064,1065-1070, tricholemma Willdenowia Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow& Oikos Revista Argentinade 57(2):185-197.May 81(5):98-101.1996, Revista Argentinade Deyeuxia alba American Journal of 92:422-431.2005, Opera Botanica 6:240-241.1994, 11(4):564-574. Apr 4(1):73-95.1986, Oikos Molecular Plant 109(1):187-195. 76:1331-1332. 74:1671-1673. 7:51-52.1995, Roseng.,B.R. Calamagrostis 18:243-252. 1:249.1840, var. var. 109(2): 374- var. var. 1(4-5):248. subsp. Am. J. Bot. Contribu- 48:191- subcon- subcon- 26-27, subsp. 78(4): Nees 137: tri- 160, pl.15,f.11.1812, 49. 1809, Icones etDescriptionesGraminum Austriacorum euxia sylvatica Flora Germanica (Host) Veldkamp; Phil.; dinacea tik, P 27(1-2): 28.1899and Systematik, P anique deFrance South America, Philippines.See 1: 61.1753, open habitats,rocky range,slopes,see stout, usefulforerosioncontrol,usuallyinopenmeadows, in creeping andshortrhizomes,leaves linearandscabrous, tufted, unbranchedandglabrous,erectslendertostout, Asia Minor;Europe.Perennialbunchgrass, vigorous, sylvatica Pilg.; Calamagrostis Henrard, nom.illeg., non C. amoena Uruguayas Uruguay, Brazil.Perennial,silky lemma,see C. ampli United StatesNationalHerbarium Calamagrostis France See Southern America. coides Beauv.; parvi Schrad.; grostis sylvatica nacea tis arundinacea C. amoena Southern America. C. amoena 1908, ( C. arundinacea Russia. See Vickery) (Kom.) Y.L. Chang,nom.illeg., non angustifolia Prado” Peru. See C. angustifolia Deyeuxia festucoides fl orescence acontractedpanicle,awn geniculateand fl fl Deyeuxia amoena L.; Deyeuxia montana Mededeelingen van’s Rijks-Herbarium (Wedd.) Rúgolo&X. Villavicencio) ora anzengeschichte undP 22:178,179.1875and 11:16.1960. (L.)Jansen,nom.illeg., non Deyeuxia arundinacea (Schrad.)Kunth). fl Calamagrostis haenkeana Rupr.; Memorias delMuseodeHistoriaNatural “Javier ora Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie 26-27,f.4.1970. (Pilg.)Pilg.var. (Pilg.)Pilg.var. (Pilg.)Pilg.( Arundo montana Gram. Uni Tentamen Florae Germanicae (Kom.) Vorosch.; Tovar fl (Schrad.) Vasey, nom.illeg., non fi anzengeschichte undP J.Presl,nom.illeg., non (L.)Roth( Kom. ( fi lifolia Calamagrostis pyramidalis 22:178.1875, 1:218,t.4,f.7.1806, (Schrad.)DC.; lifolia Deyeuxia sylvatica Wedd.; Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystema- Merr.; fl Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique Pilg.; Flore Française. Troisième Édition (Wedd.) Pilg,nom.illeg., non . Sesqui P. Beauv.; Calamagrostis purpurea Calamagrostis Agrostis arundinacea Calamagrostis

amoena ﬂ

Gaudin;

festucoides anzengeographie Deyeuxia Deyeuxia

Calamagrostis trichophylla P. Beauv.;

ﬂ Botanische Jahrbücher für Bulletin delaSociétéBot-

219.1824. Deyeuxia angustifolia 48:193.2003.

Calamagrostis Adanson Hitchc.; Contributions from the

Cinna agrostoidea

Deyeuxia arundinacea

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Species Plantarum Alpina ﬂ

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lifolia Host;

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42:60,67.

Gramíneas var. var. Wedd.). L.;

44,147, Deyeuxia

(Wedd.) 4:28,t.

Calama-

subsp.

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festu-

Dey-

Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC C. 2000. 24: 185,371.1927, of theUnitedStates Hack. ( und P Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P Universidad Central delEcuador Pilg.; C. bogotensis in English:mountainoatgrass 1907-1929). Botanical reportstotheNew ZealandDepartmentofLands. Tongariro NationalPark [Dept.ofLandsN.Z.,C.-11,1908]. gariro NationalPark Zealand DepartmentofLandsReportBotanicalSurvey Ton- New Zealand the New ZealandFlora New Zealand.Usefulforerosioncontrol,see Pilg.; C. aurea bier Boissier centium Asia. See 471. 1952, zenkunde desRussischen Reiches iquiae Haenkeanae Deyeuxia bolanderi C. bolanderi schichte undP and zengeschichte undP Systematik, P Southern America. Páramos,see Hook.f.; C. avenoides National Herbarium 1(1): 20.1922, France 1: 145.1815[1816], Ecuador. Páramos,see gluma in English:Bolander’s reedgrass Club fornia, Botany U.S., California.Swamps, see (Thurb.) Scribn.) 712. 1898, 5(6): 253.1815, Calamagrostis Adanson tis ligulata

arundinacea 10:8.1883, Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P Deyeuxia aurea Deyeuxia bogotensis fl (Pilg.)Mez) 22:176(perhaps156),179.1875, anzengeographie Calamagrostis . 2:600.Paris [1873]1875-1879, (Munroex Wedd.) Hack.ex Sodiro( Deyeuxia avenoides Enumeratio plantaruminJaponia spontecres- (Kunth) Hitchc.; Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P Blumea Thurber ( Thurber 7(9):652.1899. 11.1880andL.Cockayne(1855-1934), fl (Hook.f.)Cockayne( 2:280.1880, (Pilg.)Pilg.( anzengeschichte undP fl

anzengeographie (L.) Rothvar. Révision desGraminées The Grasses oftheUnitedStates Contributions from the UnitedStates 1(4-5):238.1830, 37(1):230.1992, (Thurb.) Vasey; 28.1883and 24(8)372.1927. Acta BotanicaNeerlandica ﬂ 35. Wellington 1908(Survey ofthe Munroex Wedd.;

Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique anzengeographie sciuroides Calamagrostis varia Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarum 330.1864, 42:71.1908, Pilg.; Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical (Hook.f.)J.Buch.) Calamagrostis nuda sciuroides Calamagrostis longigluma Geological Survey ofCali- Botanische Jahrbücher für Franch.&Sav.) 42:60.1908. 4:36.1845, Deyeuxia nuda 3(25):481.1889and Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. Indigenous Grasses of fl anzengeographie Deyeuxia bolanderi Agrostis avenoides 27(1-2):29.1899 Beiträge zurP Botanisches Archiv Taxon Stylagrostis longi- 1:77.1829, Bulletin del’Her- (Franch.&Sav.) fl anzengeschichte Bol.ex Thurb.; Anales dela Handbook of Calamagros- 49(2):243. The Grasses 1(3):470- fl Pilg.) 28.1883. anzenge- (Pilg.) fl fl New Rel- 25: anan- C. breviaristata 1a-d, f.2,3.2001. grostis arundinacea C. Prado.” SerieB.Botánica Publicaciones delMuseodeHistoriaNatural “Javier 1984 [1985], Colombia, Boyaca. See weberbaueri Systematik, P Regni Vegetabilis France See Southern America. euxia heterophylla arundinacea Hack.; (Phil.) Kuntze; Deyeuxia brachytricha sylvatica illeg., non Pilg.; C. boliviensis C. boyacensis 64. 1908. Calamagrostis arundinacea mutica 623-655], talis Liu (1897-1975), 1854, (Schrad.) Kunth; 2(1): 89.1789, China, Japan,Russia.See brachytricha Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P Revisio GenerumPlantarum fagasta und Tarapacá gesammelten P Friedrich Philippi aufderHochebene derProvinzen Anto- France See Southern America. C. brevifolia Southern America. C. brevifolia Rúgolo &X. Villavicencio) Villavicencio) Soreng ( 1830, See Southern America. C. brevifolia zengeographie

brachytricha 492. [Beijing]1959[Index ofLatinplantnames:pp. Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda Deyeuxia boliviensis Bulletin del’HerbierBoissier Wedd.; 22:177.1875and 22:177,179-180.1875, Calamagrostis brevipila var. var. The Gardens’ BulletinSingapore Deyeuxia sylvatica Tovar) var. var. (J.Presl)Steud.( (J.Presl)Steud.var. (J.Presl)Steud.var. ﬂ (Steud.) Veldkamp; Hack.( brachytricha Journal ofJapanese Botany anzengeschichte undP 42:66.1908. Swallen &García-Barr. ( Deyeuxia variegata

Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum (Wedd.) Pilg.( Steud. ( Deyeuxia breviaristata 6:156.1908, brachytricha Deyeuxia sylvatica Claves plantarumChinaeBoreali-orien- Wedd.) subsp. Calamagrostis heterophylla Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique Reliquiae Haenkeanae Arundo sylvatica Deyeuxia brevifolia Caldasia Repertorium SpecierumNovarum 32:3.1984. (Steud.)Rendle) (Steud.)Chang; (Hack.)X. Villavicencio; brachytricha Tentamen Florae Germanicae 3:345.1898and var. var. fl (Steud.)P.C. Kuo &S.L.Lu; (Schrad.)Kunth; Deyeuxia brevifolia anzengeschichte undP Steud.ex Miq.; Botanische Jahrbücher für Calamagrostis variegata 2(8):302,f.D.1943, Phil.) brevifolia expansa 7(9):652.1899andS. brachytricha (Schrad.) Vasey, nom. Verzeichniss dervon fl Deyeuxia sylvatica anzengeographie Wedd.; fl (Steud.) Tzvelev; Schrad.; anzen 76:231-236,f. (Rúgolo&X. Calamagrostis var. var. 1:249.1840. 27(2):220. 1(4-5):248. 83.1891, Botanische Deyeuxia (Steud.) Deyeuxia Deyeuxia Deyeuxia (Wedd.) J.Presl) Calama- expansa 1:189. Dey- fl 399 42: an- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 1959. de Oliveira Castro, 119, 121,122,128,130.1969;Stanley A. CainandG.M. Southern America. See Southern America. euxia cabrerae United States California, Botany North America, U.S.,California.See euxia breweri Southern America. See Southern America. Rúgolo) Soreng ( de Botánica See Southern America. X. Villavicencio) Ewan, editor, C. cabrerae 48: 195.2003. Contributions from the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium C. cabrerae Southern America. C. cabrerae the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium ncio) Soreng( C. cabrerae United StatesDepartmentof Agriculture C. cabrerae Agronomía C. breweri from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium hart, dations ofPlantGeography Michigan botanist.” author of“DaleJ.Hagenah(1908-1971):anoutstanding Appalachian Mts.,Smokey Mts.,Indiana, Tennessee), Cain, 1902-1995,botanicalcollector(1920-1937Southern C. cainii 48: 195.2003. Contributions from the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Agronomía See Southern America,Argentina. 1908-1999) (named forthe Argentine botanist Angel LulioCabrera, tik, P America, Bolivia. See Rúgolo) C. calderillensis ences America. See Argentina deBotánica Southern America, Bolivia. See 400 Biographical notesuponbotanists 24(11):480.1934. fl anzengeschichte undP Hitchc.(forthe American botanistStanley Adair Deyeuxia cabrerae Thurb.( 20(1):14.1953. 15(1):59,f.3.1948, Parodi var. Parodi var. 31(1-2):126,f.1.1995, Parodi var. Parodi ( Parodi var. A ShortHistoryofBotanyintheUnitedStates 28.1883, (Thurb.) Vasey) Deyeuxia cabrerae Journal ofthe Washington Academy ofSci- var. var. Pilg.( Manual of Vegetation Analysis 2:280-281.1880, Calamagrostis lemmonii maxima Michigan Bot. Deyeuxia cabrerae Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystema- 31(1-2):125.1995, Parodiana Parodiana aristulata cabrerae Boletín delaSociedad Argentina Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology maxima Deyeuxia calderillensis trichopoda . New York 1971.SeeJ.H.Barn- Rúgolo) var. var. fl anzengeographie var. var. (Rúgolo&X. Villavice- (Rúgolo)Soreng( 4(1):106,f.3a-e.1986, 4(1):107,f.3f-k.1986, Boletín delaSociedad 11:60-66.1972, trichopoda Revista Argentinade Revista Argentinade (Parodi ex Rúgolo) Geological Survey of aristulata 48:195.2003. The Grasses ofthe Contributions from . 1:297.1965;J. 11:16-17.1898. (Parodi) Parodi) 48:194.2003. Kearney; Contributions Parodi ex Rúgolo& New York 42:72. (Pilg.) Foun- Dey- Dey- . orous, denselyclumped,leafystems,rhizomatous,in Northern America, Canada,U.S.Perennialbunchgrass, vig- canadensis Beal var. Calamagrostis scribneri C. Mueller; Calamagrostis oregonensis nata Calamagrostis columbiensis Rothr.; mexicana tis hirtigluma Vasey, nom.illeg., non C. 2): 112.1994. Pursh; cence erect,paniclesofsmallspikelets, longhairson Stebbins; campestris Calamagrostis blanda borders ofmarshes,see ments, tundralocations,openprairies,wooded hillsides, forage, fodder, usually ondisturbedsites,harshenviron- Muhl.; 1908, dents 79. 1892, tributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Spreng.; 252. 1825, f. 10.1824, anomala Botanical Garden Agriculture letin, Divisionof Agrostology UnitedStatesDepartment of United StatesDepartmentof Agriculture M. Wheeler …vol.vi—Botany the OneHundredth Meridian,inCharge ofFirst Lieut.Geo. Report UponUnitedStatesGeographical Surveys West of emy ofNatural SciencesofPhiladelphia phicae W.P.C. Barton(1786-1856), of theNorthernStatesandCanada Plants North American Descriptio uberiorGraminum 1812, 1803, Steud.; Philadelphia) 1:45.1818, uralized plantsfoundwithinacircuitof10milesaround Society ofLondon Systematicae Plantarum Glumacearum clator Botanicus.Editiosecunda

canadensis (Vasey ex Shear&Rydb.) Litw.; 2:343,349.1896, Boletín delaSociedad Argentina deBotánica Flora Americae Septentrionalis;or, … Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie (containingadescriptionoftheindigenousandnat- Arundo conoides Arundo canadensis Calamagrostis cinnoides Calamagrostis agrostoides imberbis Calamagrostis alaskana Suksd.; Nutt.; Calamagrostis canadensis Grasses ofNorth America forFarmers andStu- Kearney; (Michx.)Munroex Hook.) 11:31-32.1898and Révision desGraminées Systema Vegetabilium, editiodecima sexta 6:986.1861, Steud.; Calamagrostis pallida

(Michx.) P. Beauv. ( Calamagrostis michauxii Stebbins; 23:345.1861, Calamagrostis atropurpurea 2(6):153-154.1901, Calamagrostis canadensis Calamagrostis langsdor Beal; 1:46.1818, Calamagrostis pallida Beal; 1:188.1854, Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology Eaton; Flora Boreali-Americana Buckley; Gram. Uni Nutt.ex A. Gray; Cinna purshii Compendium Florae Philadel- Calamagrostis canadensis Michx.; Transactions oftheLinnean 187.1817, 6:285.1878[1879], (Muhl.) W.P.C. Barton; Calamagrostis scribneri Kearney; Proceedings ofthe Acad- Bulletin oftheNew York 1:144.1840, Arundo Calamagrostis Adanson var. var. 1:67.1829, Vasey &Scribn.ex edition2147.1818, Calamagrostis pallida Manual oftheFlora fl (Pursh)Purshex Arundo agrostoides . Sesqui Arundo cinnoides Annales Botanicae 14:92,334.1862, 5:26.1897, Kunth; robusta Trin. ex Steud.; fi The Genera of Calamagrostis Calamagrostis 15,152,157. ssa fi Calamagros- C.Mueller; 1: 86.1814, i Allgemeine var. var. fl var. var. Willd.ex . 225,t.4, Vaseyex Deyeuxia Synopsis Nomen- Nash; 1:73. pallida acumi- fl fl 30(1- 3(1): orets, Con- ores- Bul- var. 1: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC scribneri 12(3): 43.1906, geographie Botanische Zeitschrift fürSystematik,Floristik, P Calamagrostis Adanson Bolyai” 154. 1901, and United StatesDepartmentof Agriculture Agriculture letin, Divisionof Agrostology UnitedStatesDepartmentof America forFarmers andStudents 1852, slands undderSteppenCentral-Asiens…St.Petersburg Bunge (1803-1890),BeitragzurKenntniss derFloraRus- ican Gramineae andCyperaceae tis illeg., non Calamagrostis pallida American Journal ofBotany grostis canadensis outcrossing, andcolonizationofdisturbedareasby Donald S.E. V. J.Lieffers, “Populationvariation, Canada bluejoint in English:bluejoint,bluejoint reedgrass,Canada Zeitschrift fürSystematik,Floristik,P National Herbarium Gazette Wheeler …vol.viBotany Hundredth Meridian,inCharge ofFirst Lieut.Geo.M. Upon UnitedStatesGeographical Surveys West oftheOne 10. 1824, places, openprairies,see Northern America. Perennial,inshallow water, marshy Cinna purshii C. Canada bluejoint in English:bluejoint,bluejointreedgrass,Canada Natl. Herb. grostis Kearney; Nash; Stebbins; (Vasey) Stebbins; illeg., non grostis dubia campestris sis ex Shear&Rydb.) Litw.; expansa var. canadensis pallida (Scribn. & Tweedy) Vasey;

canadensis subsp. scribneri typica Bulletin oftheNew York Botanical Garden Annales BotanicaeSystematicae Calamagrostis blanda

11:174.1886, (Vasey &Scribn.)Stebbins; 14:9.Cluj-Napoca1912, anomala (Munroex Hillebr.) A.S. Hitchc.var. (Beal)Jones; Calamagrostis Révision desGraminées Calamagrostis langsdor Stebbins; Calamagrostis pallida Kearney; var. var. 12(3):43.1906, 48:192.2003. 5:26.1897, canadensis Calamagrostis dubia Beal; Contributii Botanice Universitatea “Babes- (Scribn.& Tweedy) Scribn.ex Vasey, nom. Kunth;

(Michx.) P. Beauv. var. robusta Suksdorf; Rhodora —evidence fromallozymeanalysis.” Calamagrostis scribneri Calamagrostis 3(1):79-80.1892, Calamagrostis dubia Calamagrostis canadensis Deyeuxia dubia Contributions from theUnitedStates Vasey &Scribn.ex Vasey, nom. ; Calamagrostis pallida Vasey;

Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology Gram. Uni Calamagrostis canadensis 32:45.1930. inexpansa 6:285.1878[1879], Calamagrostis langsdor Rhodora Calamagrostis Calamagrostis Beal; 78:1123.1991, Calamagrostis C.Mueller; 1:67.1829, ﬁ Bunge; 1:20.1834, A.A. von

Calamagrostis canaden- 2:343,349.1896, i inexpansa Allgemeine Botanische var. var. ﬂ var. var. 32:45-46.1930,Mac-

canadensis . Sesqui Scribn.& Tweedy) 6:986.1861, ﬂ acuminata 11:31,37.1898 Grasses ofNorth Bunge; anzengeographie robusta

Calamagrostis Calamagrostis canadensis var. var.

ﬂ atropurpurea var. var. Calamagros- C.Mueller; North Amer- .

225,t.4,f. Contr. U.S. canadensis 2(6):153- var. var. (C Botanical scribneri Calama- (Vasey) Calama- ﬂ robusta (Vasey alama- cuprea Report anzen- ﬁ dubia i var. var. var. Bul- ; 77. 1829, Sesqui Horti Regii Berolinensis Altera the Paci 12(3): 43.1906, 244. 1833, meratio PlantarumOmnium HucusqueCognitarum Agrostographie Botanico Italiano Linnean SocietyofLondon tarum Glumacearum C. in English:bluejoint,bluejointreedgrass Rast. Rhodora Acta Universitatis Lundensis,n.s. 1: 201.1930, Botanical Magazine C. in English:bluejoint,bluejointreedgrass C. National Herbarium grostis canadensis C. reedgrass in English:bluejoint,Macoun’s reedgrass,bluejoint 1930. don) Northern America. Perennial,see euxia macouniana Link; Stebbins ( C.L. Hitchc.( tis scribneri Inman ( Zeitschrift fürSystematik,Floristik,P Northern America. Perennial,see Calamagrostis sitkensis canadensis lateralis V.N. Vassil.; tis columbiensis canadensis groenlandica dorf leriana Calamagrostis gluma nubila (Link) Kunth; Northern America. Perennial,see

canescens canadensis canadensis canadensis fi 10:297.1885, 1965:34.1965. i (Link) Tzvelev; Louis-Marie; Steud.; fl L.; Calamagrostis baicalensis var. var. . fi Agrostis groenlandica Petrov; 225,t.4,f.10.1824, 46:296,pl.836,f.1-4.1944, c Northwest Arundo canescens Arundo Calamagrostis Reliquiae Haenkeanae subsp. var. var. var. var. Flora Rossica var. var. Calamagrostis fusca langdor

American Journal ofBotany Calamagrostis anomala Munroex Hook.f.; (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Roth(

(Michx.) P. Beauv. var. Deyeuxia preslii Calamagrostis

(Michx.) P. Beauv. var. 15,152,157.1812, (Michx.) P. Beauv. var. scabra Nutt.ex A. Gray; lactea langsdor Calamagrostis yendoana Rhodora imberbis 25:99.1893and langsdor Vasey) (Tokyo) 41:635.1927, ﬁ 3(1):81.1892and 1:175,188.1854, Calamagrostis purpurea Contributions from theUnitedStates 1:524.1969. i (Beal)C.L.Hitchc.; (Link)Hack.; (J.Presl) A.S. Hitchc.; Trin. ex Ledeb.;

4(13):433.1852, macouniana Calamagrostis scabra ﬁ 32:46.1930, Stebbins) i 23:345.1862, ﬁ (Link) Trin.; i Weber ex F.H. Wigg.; (Link)Hultén; Steud.; Kunth) x 1:74.1821, Révision desGraminées Kom.; 1(4-5):234.1830, Botanical Gazette(Lon- 38(1):161-163.1942, lactea Rhodora Litv.; Allgemeine Botanische Calamagrostis confusa Enumeratio Plantarum Essai d’uneNouvelle Deyeuxia langsdor

Suksd.; (Vasey) Vasey; macouniana

Calamagrostis hirti- imberbis

Arundo langsdor Calamagrostis uni- Calamagrostis hal- Transactions ofthe Vascular Plantsof Novosti Sist. Vyss. ﬂ langsdor Honda; 21(3):135.1934, Beal(prosp.); anzengeographie Rhodora Calamagrostis Arundo calama- Nuovo Giornale Calamagrostis Calamagrostis Calamagrostis 24:143.1922, Synopsis Plan- Flora Iakutiae subsp. Calamagros- Calamagros- Gram. Uni

(Stebbins) J.Presl; ﬁ Deyeuxia 32:41.

i 1:243- (Vasey) Arundo

(Link) langs- Enu- Dey- 401 1: fi fi fl i i . Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC cias Naturales Venezuela. See C. chaseae 115, f,1.1962. zengeschichte undP tribuciones alaFlora deBolivia 1875 and la SociétéBotaniquedeFrance Brazil. Panicle with longiberbis South America, Bolivia, Peru.Open Wedd.) euxia curta nom. illeg., non C. capillaris Germany andBalticRegion, Europe.Perennial. men Florae Germanicae praeses. FridericusHenricus Wiggers, respondent.], Bartschii Acad. Typogr. 1780[D.Ioh.ChristianusKerstens, Fridericus Henricus Wiggers. Kiliae[Kiel],litterisM.F. side D.Ioh.ChristianoKerstens …publicedefendetauctor C. cephalantha canescens 402 manicae C. in English:purplesmallreed secunda third edition2:122.1796, Plantarum at thetip,ornamental,usefulforerosioncontrol,see plish, glumeslanceolate,lemmahyaline andshortly awned tous, leaves linear, looseandnarrow panicle,spikelets pur- Russia, Siberia;Europe.Perennial,looselytufted,rhizoma- Calamagrostis lithuanica Roth; Trin. ex Steud.,nom.illeg., non Calamagrostis lanceolata Schult. &Schult.f.; C. Russia, Siberia;Europe.Perennial. Roth; (Besser) H.Scholz( any Roth; ceolata Ecuador. Páramos,see C. carchiensis 88, f.1-3.1971. tarum Glumacearum Botanicus. Editiosecunda places, see

canescens canescens 18:107.1880and Calamagrostis lanceolata Calamagrostis lanceolata Calamagrostis lanceolata Stokes, nom.illeg., non 1:250.1840, 2(1):93.1789, F.H. Wigg.; 82.1753, Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P Luces Hack.ex L.B.Sm.) var. var. Species Plantarum Neesex Steud.(

(Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Rothsubsp. (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Rothsubsp. 15(80):6-8,f.4.1953. Laegaard Pilg.( Boletín delaSociedad Venezolana deCien- Calamagrostis lagurus longearistata Calamagrostis fl Primitiae 1:188.1854and fl anzengeographie Calamagrostis lagurus Calamagrostis vilnensis exuous branches,common indamp Journal oftheLinneanSociety, Bot- Novon Watsonia 1:34.1788, Calamagrostis canescens An Arrangement ofBritishPlants, Besser) Roth; 1:249.1840, Nomenclator Botanicus.Editio Agrostis capillaris 8(1):23-25,f.1A.1988. fl 1:62.1753, 22:176[or156?]179-180. Türpe; orae holsaticae Roth; 20:51-60.1994. Aitch., nom.illeg., non Calamagrostis lanceolata Calamagrostis lanceolata Calamagrostis lanceolata var. var. 1:74.1910, x Tentamen Florae Ger- fi vilnensis elds, see 42:61.1908, somalensis Calamagrostis lan- (L.)Koeler; Deyeuxia lagurus Phytologia Synopsis Plan- (Wedd.) Pilg., Nomenclator Besser) L.; . Quasprae- Besserex Bulletin de canescens Lilloa vilnensis (Wigg.) Chiov.; Agrostis Species 22(2): Tenta- Con- Dey- fl 31: an- Desv.; sostachya Desv.) V.N. Vassil., nom.illeg., non C. clee Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis nisches Archiv 1854, santha tachya C. chrysantha secunda See South America. C. chrysostachya 48: 198.2003. Contributions from the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 22: 177,180.1875and America. See phalaroides sostachya Desv.) V.N. Vassil., nom.illeg., non leiopoda C. chrysantha Vegetabilis 23(88): 332.1999. chrysantha Villavicencio; tha ex Lechler; chrysantha etabilis 344. 1898and America. See Soreng ( Australis Chilena Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda America. See tis phalaroides Desv.) Mez; 20. 1922, C. chrysantha France South America, Colombia.Páramos,see Novon tologia tationes botanicae,Band61.], of theColombianCordillera Oriental 122-123. 1980, A.M. Cleef, logia 324-325. 1975, 76. 1993, J.Presl; 38:12.1977, Revisio GenerumPlantarum 5:384.1995, (E.Desv.) Kuntze; (J.Presl)Steud.; 22:177,180.1875, 65(5):339,f.1.1988, Stylagrostis chrysostachya fi 10(243-247):168.1911, 6:323,t.78,f.2.1854, 1:250.1840, i Deyeuxia chrysantha 56.1857, Escalona Wedd.; (E.Desv.) Kuntze; (E.Desv.) Kuntze; Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci.Exact. Feddes RepertoriumSpecierumNovarum Regni 63:243.1961. var. var. (J.Presl)Mez; Calamagrostis nitida (Wedd.) Mez) Stylagrostis leiopoda Deyeuxia chrysostachya Reliquiae Haenkeanae (J.Presl)Steud.var. Repertorium SpecierumNovarum Regni Veg- Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance (J.Presl)Steud.var. (J.Presl)Steud.( (Wedd.) Mez) Reliquiae Haenkeanae Deyeuxia phalaroides Phytologia chrysantha 1(1):20.1922, Deyeuxia phalaroides (E.Desv.) Kuntze ( Brittonia Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique Revista Acad. Columb. Ci.Exact. Nomenclator Botanicus.Editio Botanisches Archiv Flora Chilena Calamagrostis chrysostachya Calamagrostis chrysostachya 32:312-314,417.1975, ) Revisio GenerumPlantarum Stylagrostis chrysostachya The Vegetation ofthePáramos 30:43.1978, var. var. Calamagrostis mutica Caldasia Anales Jard. Bot.Madrid Deyeuxia chrysostachya Hack.; (E.Desv.) Mez) (Wedd.) Mez; Botanisches Archiv Calamagrostis chrysos- Calamagrostis Adanson 3:344.1898and phalaroides Feddes Repertorium chrysantha 1(4-5):247.1830. Berberides Americae . Vaduz 1981[Disser- Wedd.; phalaroides E.Desv.; Calamagrostis chry- Calamagrostis chry- Calamagrostis chry- 1(4-5):247.1830, 63:243.1961. 6:323,t.78,f.2. 13:691.1983, Wedd.; 1:250.1840, Deyeuxia chrysan- 1(1):20.1922, 19:253.1994, Phytologia Phytologia (Wedd.) X. Stylagrostis Stylagrostis ( Stylagros- Deyeuxia Deyeuxia (Wedd.) Phyto- Steud. 1(1): Flora Bota- Phy- 31: 47: (E. (E. 51: (E. E. 3: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC crispa macearum South America, Bolivia. See 1851, C. crispa 2003. tions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium C. cordechii Argentina deBotánica Steud.; C. Videnskabelige Meddelelserfra DanskNaturhistorisk Argentina deBotánica Southern America, Bolivia. See Rúgolo &X. Villavicencio) lavicencio) Soreng ( C. cordechii South America. ciliata C. cordechii Ceylon, IndiaandPakistan Forening iKjøbenhavn America, Mexico. See C. coahuilensis Calamagrostis Adanson nom. illeg., non Arundo coarctata canadensis pact, see Asia, Afghanistan, Iran,northwestHimalaya.Panicle com- nuttalliana (Muhl.) W.P.C.Barton; Hook.f.; holciformis non grostis Eaton; Plantarum Americae Septentrionalis Plantarum Americae Northern America, U.S.,Canada.Perennial,see nuttalliana C. in English: Arctic reedgrass the UnitedStates ( era etSpeciesPlantarum Botanicus delphicae uberior Graminum Méthodique, Botanique Botany fortheNorthernStates Sections oftheUnitedStates Calamagrostis

coarctata compacta Calamagrostis coarctata Rúgolo&X. Villavicencio) ) The Flora ofBritishIndia Calamagrostis coarctata

Deyeuxia ciliata cinnoides Illustrationes Plantarum Orientalium Deyeuxia holciformis (Rúgolo&X. Villavicencio) Govaerts ( 1:45.1818, edition21:144,250-251.1840, 1:193.1855[1854]and Steud.; (Steud.) Vasey) Jaub. &Spach; Govaerts var.

Govaerts var. Nutt. ex Steud.; (Torr.) Eaton( Govaerts (

(Munro ex Hook.f.) Hack. ex Paulsen P.M. Peterson,Soreng& Valdés-Reyna compacta Arundo coarctata 28.1883. (Kunth) Poir.; W.Bart.; 76.1817, Deyeuxia coarctata Deyeuxia ciliata 31(1-2):126,f.2.1995. 31(1-2):128,f.3.1995, A Flora oftheNorthern andMiddle Sida 55:167.1903, Suppl.4:704.1816, Calamagrostis coarctata Rúgolo&X. Villavicencio) 1:143.1815[1816], Calamagrostis ciliata (Munro)Hack.; cordechii …397-398.1960. glabrescens Agrostis glauca 21(1):312,314,f.1.2004. Deyeuxia compacta Torr. ex Eaton; 1:94.1823, (Jaub. &Spach)Bor) Compendium Florae Phila- (Kunth) Steud.,nom.illeg., Arundo cinnoides Calamagrostis cinnoides Synopsis PlantarumGlu- 144.1829, 7(22):267.1897[1896], Arundo coarctata Boletín delaSociedad (Kunth) Poir.; Boletín delaSociedad

13.1813, ( Deyeuxia ciliata (Rúgolo&X. Vil- Grasses ofBurma, var. var. Kunth; Muhl.; The Grasses of Calamagrostis Calamagrostis A Manualof Encyclopédie Nomenclator 4:61,t.340. glabrescens Nova Gen- Munroex Descriptio Torreyex Catalogus Neesex Contribu- Deyeuxia Deyeuxia 48:199. Calama- Muhl.; Arundo Torr., var. C. curta United StatesNationalHerbarium 22: 176(156?),179.1875and America. See Wedd.) C. cryptolopha Seed Plants C. densi 1985. toria Natural “Javier Prado.” SerieB.Botánica South America, Peru.See C. cuzcoensis C. curvula 3(1): 10.1999. 31(1-2): 132,f.5.1995, America. See euxia curtoides C. curtoides United StatesNationalHerbarium 22: 176(156?),179.1875and America. See Tarapacá gesammelten P Philippi aufderHochebene derProvinzen Antofagasta und curvula R.E. Fr.; de Botánica See America, Argentina. P nische Jahrbücher für Systematik,P Generum Plantarum gata France See South America. Societatis ScientiarumUpsaliensis C. deschampsioides Leipzig 1861[W.G. Walpers, editor]. densi (Blytt) Müll.Hal.ex Walp., nom.illeg., non Vassil.; Flora Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda America. See Calamagrostis deschampsioides (Trin.) Scribn.) Calamagrostis miyabei grostis macrantha Tzvelev; champsioides churchilliana Scribn. &Merr.; fl anzengeographie Phil.) fl 140.1847, ora 22:178-179.1875, Wedd.; (Wedd.) Hitchc.( fl Calamagrostis deschampsiiformis Calamagrostis variegata Calamagrostis festuciformis (J.Presl)Steud.; ora (Wedd.) Pilg.( 3(1):10.1999. 31(1-2):128,f.4.1995, (Rúgolo&X. Villavicencio) Govaerts ( var. var. (J.Presl)Steud.( Poluninex Scoggan; Boletín delaSociedad Argentina deBotánica Tovar Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance Reliquiae Haenkeanae Rúgolo&X. Villavicencio) (Wedd.) Hitchc.( Deyeuxia tenuifolia Annales BotanicaeSystematicae (Piperex Scribn.&Merr.) V. Vassil.; macrantha 42:60.1908. Calamagrostis deschampsioides Trin.( 3:345.1898and Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique Honda; Boletín delaSociedad Argentina Publicaciones delMuseodeHis- World Checklist ofSeedPlants Deyeuxia curta Calamagrostis tenuifolia Calamagrostis bracteolata Verzeichniss dervonFriedrich Deyeuxia densi fl (Piperex Scribn.&Merr.) anzen subsp. Deyeuxia deschampsioides Calamagrostis densi (Phil.)Kuntze; Contributions from the Contributions from the 24(8):374.1927. 24(8):376.1927. IV. 1:177.1905, Phil.; Deyeuxia cryptolopha fl 83.1891, V.N. Vassil.; anzengeschichte und 1(4-5):247.1830, Calamagrostis des- 1:250.1840, macrantha World Checklist of Nova Acta RegiaeNova Acta Wedd.) Deyeuxia varie- fl Calamagrostis C.E.Hubb.; ora J.Presl) Deyeuxia Piperex Calama- 33:11. Revisio 6:986. (Phil.) Norsk Bota- V.N. var. Dey- fl 403 ora Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC tarum Glumacearum Botanicus. Editiosecunda ticola C. deserticola 2003. tions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium C. diemii South America. Ecuador. Páramos,see C. ecuadoriensis National Herbarium Argentina deBotánica Southern America, Bolivia. See ristata t. 354.1836, Canada, Russia,Bering, Alaska. See 404 José Diem,1899-1986,authorof“Pteridó Méthodique, Botanique C. effusa C. deserticola 21. 1896. culture oftheHokkaidoUniversity Herbarium 1883 and, Kunth; araeantha illeg., non meratio … South America, Chile.See C. deserticola Museum (Natural History),Botany Flora ofCanada Plantarum Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador. See tha Villavicencio) Soreng( Repertorium 2000), “LasHimeno lares. 1943;seeJ.DiemandJuanaS.deLichtenstein(1909- Huapí ana Parque NacionaldeNahuel-Huapi (Argentina).” Colombia. See C. divergens Mexico. See C. divaricata 200. 2003. tributions from theUnited StatesNationalHerbarium Argentina. See 354. 2001. sud.” (Pilg.)Pilg.; 12:67-74.1960, var. var. Darwiniana Rúgolo&X. Villavicencio) (tomo i).Helechosylasdemáscriptógamas vascu- Deyeuxia funckii (Kunth) Steud.( (Rúgolo)Soreng( Pilg.; Arundo effusa 55. 1860, deserticola 13(3):59.1910, Contributions from theUnitedStatesNational 1:146,t.46.1815[1816], 68:233.1963, Swallen P.M. Peterson&Soreng Sida (Phil.)Phil.var. Bulletin ofthe Torrey BotanicalClub (Phil.)Phil.var. (Phil.)Phil.( Darwiniana Deyeuxia areantha Laegaard Contributions from theUnitedStates 11:611-760.1959; 21(1):315,f.3.2004. Calamagrostis funckii 2:256.1978, 29(6):262-263.1948[1949]. Anales delaUniversidad deChile fi Flora delParque NacionaldeNahuel- 1:192.1854, ) láceas deláreaargentino-chilena del 31(1-2):134,f.6.1995, Novon Suppl.4:706.1816, C.C.Gmel.; Deyeuxia deserticola Steud.ex Wedd.) Arundo effusa 1:250.1840, 19(2-4):404,f.1.1975, Florula Atacamensis seuEnu- Deyeuxia deserticola Journal oftheFaculty of Agri- Deyeuxia diemii 8(1):25-26,f.1B.1988. Zlaki SSSR deserticola breviaristata Boletín delaSociedad 8:386.1981. Bulletin oftheBritish 26:142.1931, Nova Genera etSpecies Pilg.; Bulletin delaSociété Calamagrostis arean- Species Graminum Darwiniana (Kunth) Poir., nom. Steud.; ( 306.1976, Deyeuxia deser- Deyeuxia effusa fi Synopsis Plan- (Rúgolo&X. tas nuevas del Encyclopédie Rúgolo)(for var. var. Nomenclator Contribu- Phil.) Deyeuxia 48:200. Darwini- 39(3-4): brevia- Feddes 10:8. Con- 48: 94: The 3: Deyeuxia arundina robusta eminens eminens arundinacea tunariensis grostis eminens Griseb.; C. eminens nom. illeg., non P 25(5): 711.1898and für Systematik,P Botanique deFrance Antofagasta und Tarapacá gesammelten P der vonFriedrich PhilippiaufderHochebene derProvinzen Botanique deFrance schaften zuGöttingen Abhandlungen derKöniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissen- Revisio GenerumPlantarum 1840, 250. 1830, Chile, Bolivia, Peru.See Mez; var. var. tis eminens Anales delaUniversidad deChile eminens C. eminens from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium tis grata 1879, chen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zuGöttingen seu Enumeratio See Chile, Argentina. South America, Deyeuxia robusta C. eminens 40: 61.1921, suppl. 1:132.1906, Generum Plantarum Hack.; euxia eminens illeg., non Argentina deBotánica Villavicencio) Soreng( eminens de France South America, Peru.See Wedd.) Rúgolo &X. Villavicencio; ( C. eminens America. Agrostis fulva fl anzengeschichte undP fulva Stylagrostis robusta Anales delaUniversidad deChile Florula Atacamensis seuEnumeratio … Calamagrostis fulva Phil.; J.Presl; var. var. f. var. var. Calamagrostis elegans Phil.; (Griseb.) Rúgolo; 22:177,180.1875and eminens (J.Presl)Mez; Calamagrostis robusta Kuntze; Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda (J.Presl)Steud.var. (J.Presl)Steud.( (J.Presl)Steud.var. (J.Presl)Steud.var. Philippi; eminens sordida f. Stylagrostis elegans Botanisches Archiv Griseb.; var. var. Calamagrostis robusta brevipila Calamagrostis robusta fl … 54.1860, Phil.; anzengeschichte undP Deyeuxia polystachya ; Deyeuxia eminens Phil. ex Durand&Hook.f.; Mededeelingen van’s Rijks-Herbarium 22:178.1875, grisebachiana Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik, 22:177,179-180.1875, Kuntze; 3:344.1898and ) Calamagrostis robusta 19:254.1874, Deyeuxia elegans 31(1-2):135.1995, Calamagrostis eminens Stylagrostis robusta Deyeuxia eminens (Hack.) Türpe; (Phil.)Mez) fl Stylagrostis polystachya Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique anzengeographie Deyeuxia fulva (Griseb.) Kuntze; Reliquiae Haenkeanae Deyeuxia leiopoda 3(3):344.1898and Calamagrostis eminens Abhandlungen derKönigli- (Wedd.) Henrard; Agrostis eminens 1(1):20.1922. (Wedd.) Mez; (Blytt)Müll.Hal.; eminens Calamagrostis Adanson Kuntze; discreta fulva Boletín delaSociedad 94:19.1896, Botanische Jahrbücher Bulletin delaSociété f. Florula Atacamensis (Phil.)Phil.,nom. (Blytt)Müll.Hal.; eminens Wedd.; fl Wedd.; (Griseb.) Soreng Deyeuxia eminens 94:19,22.1896, anzengeographie fl (Griseb.) Parodi; ( Index Kewensis anzen (Rúgolo&X. 48:201.2003. 42:60.1908. (Phil.)Mez) Calamagrostis Calamagrostis var. var. (Phil.)Phil., Contributions Calamagros- var. discreta Verzeichniss f. ; (J.Presl) Stylagros- 84.1891, 54. 1860, Deyeuxia Deyeuxia Deyeuxia Deyeuxia brevipila Calama- 24:294. (Wedd.) discreta 1(4-5): 1:250. Revisio Anales Dey- var. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Moscou Mémoires delaSociétéImpérialedesNaturalistes de C. epigejos South Africa, Temperate Europeand Asia. nisches Archiv del MuseoNacionaldeBuenos Aires Calamagrostis Adanson Buhse) georgica C. epigejos in English:bush grass,wood smallreed dian Journal ofBotany epigeios blades broadand India, Sikkim,Himalayas. Tall, sea-greenfoliage,leaf C. emodensis 48: 201.2003. Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium la Sociedad Argentina deBotánica Agronomía 1852, Tzvelev ( 1825, epigejos arenicola Calamagrostis epigeios Arundo epigejos rhizomes, sod-forming,leafbladestif tufted, moreorlessstronglyrhizomatouswithcreeping Eurasia, Africa. Perennialbunchgrass, robust, coarse,stout, Calamagrostis macrolepis jos (K. Koch) Ledeb.; lepis C. epigejos Naturhistorisk Forening iKjøbenhavn 80. 1868and schaften zuGöttingen. Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse set, see rescence silky andshining,broadpanicle,spikelets closely koibalensis Calamagrostis glomerata to a lanceolate tolinear-oblong, branchedin Florae Germanicae along river, see shallow soils,grasssteppe,mountainsandyplaces turbed areas,clearings,uplandforests,alongroadsides, lands, wetbottomlands,opengrasslands,waste areas,dis- as cover fordisturbedareas,usuallyinwetuplandgrass- dorsal, ornamental,weedy, usefulforerosioncontroland subulate, lemmawitharingofwhitecallushairs,awn mid- 542. 1792, f. (Litv.) Tzvelev; fi laevis Linnaea ne tip,in Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum 12:229.1860and var. var. var. var. K.Koch; Nachrichten vonderGesellschaft der Wissen- Calamagrostis arenicola Fernald; 20:14.1953, Reverd.; Meinsh.; Annales desSciencesNaturelles (Paris) (L.)Rothsubsp. (L.)Roth( (L.)Rothsubsp. epigeios Griseb. georgica 21(4):387.1848, fl 1(1):20.1922, Videnskabelige Meddelelserfra Dansk Species Plantarum L.; orescence dense fl at, stiff leaves, sheathspurplish,in 1:34.1788, Calamagrostis epigejos Calamagrostis epigeios Arundo stricta Calamagrostis glomerata Calamagrostis lenkoranensis Calamagrostis georgica ) Calamagrostis epigejos (K.Koch) Ledeb.; var. var. 67:3205-3218.1989. Boiss.&Buhse; Agrostis epigeios Litv.) Lilloa Rhodora epigeios glomerata 31:118.1962, epigejos Flora Rossica Exercitia Phytologica Fernald; fl 1:81.1753, Revista Argentinade owered, erectpanicles Gilib.; ; 30:203.1928, 30(1-2):112.1994, fl Calamagrostis epige- 21:99.1911, 55:167.1903. y harshandtapering fl (Boiss.&Buhse) orescence, glumes ( 1:188.1854, Calamagrostis (L.)Raspail; Calamagrostis Calamagrostis Calamagrostis Calamagrostis subsp. var. var. (L.)Roth; 4(13):433. K.Koch; Boiss.& Boletín de Tentamen georgica Steud.; 5:449. macro- Cana- Bota- fl 2: o- C. 29. 1998. Botanicus. Editiosecunda Plantas Société BotaniquedeFrance Plantarum Glumacearum C. States NationalHerbarium 1815 [1816], America. See euxia schiedeana et SpeciesPlantarum Southern America, Ecuador, Colombia.See Botany fortheNorthernStates et Belles-lettres deBruxelles 4: 705.1816, antha coarctata coarctata Calamagrostis coarctata Méthodique, Botanique Calamagrostis schiedeana Calamagrostis schiedeana C. eriantha 507. 1937. Students 181. 1877, or slightlygaping, cence, narrow paniclelinear-oblong, spikelets linear-oblong tough, rhizomatouswithcreepingrhizomes,densein South Africa. Perennial,robust, erect,tufted,leafblades C. epigejos uralistes deMoscou alluvial soils,see Asia, China;Eurasia,Siberia.Perennial,wetareas,sandy karataviensis Naturalistes deMoscou 4(13): 433.1852, See South Africa. C. 203. 1928, euxia nardifolia ( Fourn.) Beal; C. erectifolia in South Africa: soutpangras in English:reedgrass,saltpangrass 551. 1899. Mexico. See upland grasslandsandforest,see Calamagrostis gigantea

fi fi epigejos brovaginata ebrigii Kunth; 2:105.1886and 2:340.1896and Torr. ex Eaton; (Kunth) Steud.,nom.illeg., non Pilg.( (L.)Rothvar. Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. (Kunth) Steud.( (L.)Rothsubsp. Grasses ofNorth America forFarmers and Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance P.A. Smirn.; Hitchc.( Deyeuxia schiedeana Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique Deyeuxia orizabae Bulletin del’AcadémieRoyaledesSciences Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarum var. var. Laegaard ( Bulletin delaSociétéImpérialedesNat- Rupr.) Linnaea fl Deyeuxia Mémoires delaSociétéImpérialedes orets hairy, glumesroundedatthebase, 49(1):91.1940. elatior 1:143.1815[1816], Calamagrostis orizabae Suppl.4:704.1816, 12:229.1860and (Roshev.) Roshev.; Deyeuxia coarctata Torr. ex Eaton; 1:190,193.1854, 21(4):387.1848, Rupr. ex Steud.; capensis Calamagrostis macrolepis 1:250.1840and (Rupr. ex E.Fourn.) Hitchc.; 17(3):321.1913. Arundo coarctata Contributions from theUnited Türpe) Arundo eriantha North American Flora North American fi ebrigii 24:181.1877, 9(2):233.1842, macrolepis 144.1829, Rupr. ex E.Fourn.) Rupr. ex E.Fourn.; Stapf 1965:41.1965. (Pilg.)Rúgolo; Flora Capensis (Litv.) Tzvelev Calamagrostis Calamagrostis Calamagrostis (Kunth) Poir.; (Kunth) Poir.; Flora Rossica Deyeuxia eri- Bulletin dela Nova Genera Kunth) Encyclopédie Nomenclator Rhodora A Manualof (Rupr. ex E. Novon Mexicanas Synopsis 1:145. Suppl. 17(7): fl Litv.) 8(1): ores- Dey- Dey- 30: 24: 405 7: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Ecuador. See C. fulgida in English:leafyreedgrass United StatesDepartmentof Agriculture Herbarium 241. 1840, C. garhwalensis clator Botanicus.Editiosecunda C. fuscata Austriacorum U.S., California.See Calamagrostis sylvatica C. foliosa 1994. Boletín delaSociedad Argentina deBotánica P rostachya C. gayana Indian Forester India, UttarPradesh. Alpine grass,onrocky places,see walensis Washington Academy ofSciences 1854 and macearum Chile. Along riverbanks, see grostis erythrostachya stipitata grostis erythrostachya Peru. See C. gayana 203. 2003. tributions from theUnited StatesNationalHerbarium Bolivia. See C. glacialis 48: 203.2003. Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium South America. See South America. Rúgolo) C. gayana South America. nische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P Chile. Primera Sección—Zoolojía See Bolivia, Argentina. 406 C. guatemalensis 65(5): 340,f.2.1988. Ecuador, Andes. Looselytufted,páramos, see C. guamanensis National Herbarium 178, 179.1875and Soreng ( fl anzengeographie Hitchc.; C.E.Hubb. &Bor) var. var. Reliquiae Haenkeanae Botanisches Archiv Deyeuxia erythrostachya Laegaard 1:220.1854, (J.Presl)Steud.( (Steud.)Soreng( (Steud.)Sorengvar. (Steud.)Sorengvar. 3(1):83.1892, Kearney ( (Wedd.) Hitchc.( Contributions from theUnitedStatesNational Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance 4:t.48.1809, Novon erythrostachya 68:355.1942. Escalona C.E.Hubb. &Bor( Deyeuxia erythrostachya Hitchc. 42:68.1908, 8(1):26,f.1C.1988. 24(8):375.1927. Contributions from theUnitedStates Darwiniana (E.Desv.) Mez) Icones etDescriptionesGraminum (E.Desv.) Hack.; Calamagrostis longifolia var. var. Flora Chilena Anales delMuseoNacionalde Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology 1(1):20.1922, Deyeuxia fuscata Aira gayana longifolia ) Deyeuxia glacialis Flora Boreali-Americana Synopsis PlantarumGlu- 1(4-5):249.1830, 1:250.1840. 19(2-4):410,f.3.1975, gayana 20(15):382.1930, Lilloa neuquenensis 8:83.1891and fl var. var. anzengeschichte und Vasey) Calamagrostis gar- 31:128,f.8.1962, 6:324,t.78,f.1. ( 11:17-18.1898. Steud.; E.Desv.; Deyeuxia eryth- Calamagrostis neuquenensis Journal ofthe 30(1-2):113. J.Presl) Phytologia Wedd.) (Rúgolo) Calama- Hook.; Nomen- Styla- Bota- Con- 48: 22: 2: C. hieronymi 52(3): 109.1902, Argentina. See 56. 1857, South America, Peru.See Lechler) swallenii Prado” Memorias delMuseodeHistoriaNatural “Javier zengeschichte undP 177. 1875, C. hackelii Washington Guatemala. See var. var. lavicencio; totropis andina 1885 and Swallen; C. hirta fuerte Ecuador. See Sodiro) C. haenkeana Agronomía 21: 100,t.4,f. A. 1-5.1911, Argentina. See hackelii C. North America, U.S. See C. howellii Novon States NationalHerbarium Koeler; (Lange) M.E.Jones; Gray) Tzvelev; Gaertn.; Calamagrostis arundinacea illeg., non Tentamen Florae Germanicae neglecta South America, Peru.See Naturkunde 24(8): 371.1927, Contributions from the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium logicae Hack.; C. heterophylla 1830, der Wetterau erophylla

hyperborea robustior 12:64,75.1930, Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum 8(1):29-30.1988. Calamagrostis calvescens 105.1802, 11: 66.1960, (Lillo)Parodi) Deyeuxia poaeoides (Ehrh.)Gaertn.; (Sodiro)Laegaard ( (Tovar) Rúgolo; var. var. Calamagrostis neglecta Deyeuxia brevipaleata Agrostis arundinacea Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance Lillo( 20:14.1953. Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P Vasey( Journal oftheLinneanSociety, Botany 40:82.1927. 6:137.1791, 1:94.1799, Deyeuxia heterophylla Pilg.; Hack.( Revista delColégioNacional Vicente Roca- Hitchc.( pubescens Anales delMuseoNacionaldeBuenos Aires Ball; Lange( (Wedd.) Pilg.( Calamagrostis neglecta Proceedings oftheBiological Societyof Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift Calamagrostis capitata Lilloa Flora Patagónica Deyeuxia howellii Calamagrostis swallenii Reliquiae Haenkeanae ﬂ Darwiniana Deyeuxia hieronymi Deyeuxia boliviensis anzengeographie Agrostis arundinacea 31:122.1962. Pilg.; Saccardoa: Monographiae Myco- Calamagrostis neglecta Calamagrostis stricta Muhlenbergia rupestris Botanical Gazette Species Plantarum Contributions from theUnited Oekonomisch-Technische Flora Calamagrostis stricta Berberides AmericaeAustralis 29(6):259-260.1948[1949], (Steud.)Rúgolo) (L.)Roth; 2(1):89.1789, Calamagrostis brevipaleata Calamagrostis heterophylla L.; Calamagrostis boliviensis Rúgolo; Pilg.; 36(1-4):168-169.1998. subsp. Calamagrostis Adanson Arundo neglecta Revista Argentinade 3:361.1978. (Vasey) Vasey) Wedd.; Calamagrostis het- 42:64-65.1908, 1:423.1854and var. var. Hack.; (Hack.) Türpe) (Hack.)X. Vil- Deyeuxia hirta Calamagrostis inexpansa 6:271.1881. J.Presl,nom. Tovar; 1(4-5):238. 1:61.1753, Beiträge zur hyperborea Deyeuxia Deyeuxia Steud. ex (Timm) (Ehrh.) subsp. 22:58. Ehrh.; Chae- (A. ﬂ 22: an- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC C. Journal ofBotany Poir., nom.illeg., non C. intermedia in English:Porter’s reedgrass of Botany Arts andSciences dry hillsides,see Northern America, U.S.Perennial,foundonwooded and of Denver Press1950. Naturalist Department of Agriculture 1887, spectus Florae Groenlandicae Wetterau found inwetplaces,see Northern America, U.S., Alaska, Greenland.Perennial,rare, subsp. inexpansa Calamagrostis Adanson Academy ofSciences tions to Western Botany Cyperaceae insperata zennamen G. BuchheimandS.Seybold, Coll. Sci.StudiesBot collectors, herbariaandbibliography.” in century ofbotanicalexploration inMontana,1805-1905: Porter. Harrisburg 1856;Joseph William Blankinship,“A U. Zwingli ter. 1854;JohannJacobHottinger, Hermann andDorothea adelphia and Their Work States J. Ewan, editor, of the Arnold Arboretum ofHarvard University Garden. 334.1973;E.M. Tucker, dence ofJohn Torrey script andarchival collectionsandindex tothecorrespon- collection nary ofbotanistsrepresented intheHuntInstituteportrait berger Katechismus and zoology, hisworks include Conrad Porter, 1822-1901,clergyman, professorofbotany Gray) Vasey). Namedforthe American botanist Thomas botanists ington 1874;seeJ.H.Barnhart, 1851-1928) wrote Small (1869-1938).Boston1903(withJohnMerleCoulter, edited withtheadditionofanalyticalkeys byJohnKunkel Joseph Ewan, 592. University ofPennsylvania Press,Philadelphia1964; Guide totheLiterature ontheFloweringPlantsofMexico

insperata . 92.1969;J.W. Harshberger, stricta Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology UnitedStates 1:94.1799, . 3:101.1965; T.W. Bossert, (Swallen) C.W. Greene; 71:285.1984. . 315.1972;S.Lenley et al., . 14. Au (A.Gray)C.W. Greene; 4:218.1915, . Translated fromtheGermanby Thomas Conrad 1:20.1834,J.M.C.Lange(1818-1898), Swallen ( ; Rocky MountainNaturalists (J.Presl)Steud.( Deyeuxia hyperborea A ShortHistoryofBotanyintheUnited 6:79.1862and Proceedings ofthe American Academy of ﬂ 71:286.1984. Synopsis oftheFlora of Colorado . 1993;IdaKaplanLangman, (1863)and 25(9):413.1935, . LibraryoftheNew York Botanical . 1:1-31.1904;R.Zander, F. Encke, Arundo stricta Calamagrostis . Translated by Thomas ConradPor- Oekonomisch-Technische Flora der North American Gramineae and . 236-243.1899;J.W. von Goethe, 14:9.1912, Zlaki SSSR 11:39-41.1898and Handwörterbuch derP 160.Kjøbenhavn 1880- Die Verfasser desHeidel- Journal ofthe Washington Biographical notesupon Catalogue ofthelibrary Arundo stricta Flora ofPennsylvania The Lifeand Times of (Lange)Lunell) Timm; The BotanistsofPhil- 310.1976, Deyeuxia porteri Calamagrostis stricta

Catalog ofthemanu- Biographical dictio- porteri American Midland American Journal . The University. The Montana Agric. Calamagrostis Graysubsp. . 1917-1933; A Selected Contribu- American (Kunth) . Wash- Con- ﬂ (A. an- . langsdor langsdorf grostis baicalensis scabra ( intermedia (Pilg.) Pilg.; Students 147. 1891, America, U.S.,California.See Calamagrostis vil States NationalHerbarium Colombia. Páramos,see C. involuta 29(6): 261.1948[1949]. Contributions from the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium edeelingen van’s Rijks-Herbarium euxia gracilis C. United StatesDepartmentof Agriculture schichte undP and zengeschichte undP 56. 1857, Editio secunda Species Plantarum Monographiae Mycologicae South America, Ecuador. Páramos,see stricta Calamagrostis scaberula C. jamesonii 179. 1875, boldtiana non Seenus; (Wedd.) Henrard,nom.illeg., non agapatea Calamagrostis koelerioides Haenkeanae Méthodique, Botanique Deyeuxia jamesonii C. koelerioides States NationalHerbarium Colombia. Páramos,see C. killipii P 22: 176.1875, 1: 191.1854, Ecuador. Páramos,see stuebelii zengeschichte undP 1898 and Arundo langsdor ﬂ

anzengeschichte undP langsdorf Calamagrostis gracilis Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P Kunth) (J.Presl)Hitchc.; Pilg.) 2:345.1896, Calamagrostis gracilis fi fi Steud.; Swallen Steud.ex Lechler; i Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance i (Link)Inman; J.Presl; Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P Swallen (Link)Hultén; Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P 1(4-5):249.1830, Grasses ofNorth America forFarmers and Steud.( Wedd.; Calamagrostis stricta fi fl Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance 1:250.1840, i anzengeographie (Link) Trin. (alsospelled Vasey( Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik, fi fi Litv.; Calamagrostis imberbis i formis Link; 1:146.1815[1816], (Steud.)Munroex Wedd.; fl fl anzengeographie Calamagrostis stuebelii Deyeuxia imberbis Deyeuxia secunda anzengeographie Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Suppl.4:706.1816, Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology Swallen; Kearney) Calamagrostis canadensis Arundo con Contributions from the United Contributions from theUnited Calamagrostis con fl Calamagrostis densa 29(6):259.1948[1949]. 29(6):257.1948[1949]. Calamagrostis canadensis Calamagrostis canadensis Seenus; anzengeographie Berberides AmericaeAustralis 105.1802, var. var. (Wedd.) Pilg.,nom.illeg., 42:60,65,71.1908, Botanical Gazette Calamagrostis gracilis Nomenclator Botanicus. Calamagrostis secunda (Timm) Koeler; Calamagrostis gracilis densa fi Calamagrostis hum- 42:60.1908. nis 25(5):712.1898 11:20.1898. 40:61.1921, Wedd.; Pilg.; Willd.; Nova Genera et (Vasey) Beal; (Wedd.) Pilg.; Encyclopédie (Pilg.)Pilg.; 25(5):713. fi Saccardoa: langsdor nis fl Reliquiae Deyeuxia Deyeuxia Deyeuxia anzenge- (Willd.) Calama- Vasey; 16(5): subsp. Med- Dey- var. fl fl var. 22: 407 anan- fi i ) Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC tarum OmniumHucusqueCognitarum nische Flora der Wetterau Alaska, Russia,Siberia,Finland. See euxia lapponica tis sibirica Calamagrostis pseudolapponica Porsild; dor Lapponica d’une Nouvelle Agrostographie monde Plantes recueillies pendantlevoyage desRussesautourdu Friedrich ErnstLudwigvon Fischer(1782-1854)published Krusenstern, 1770-1846)inBrazil,plantcollector, with 1803-1806 KrusensternExpedition(AdamJohannvon Heinrich von Langsdorff, 1774-1852,explorer, naturalist, ica Petrov; langsdor ney; (Petrov) Tzvelev; grostis con tis fusca P. Beauv.; 408 etc. FrankfurtamMayn1812, die Welt indenJahren 1803bis1807 Arundo lapponica C. 1965: 34.1965. sis, n.s. nal ofBotany lancea V.N. Vassil.; namen Buchheim andS.Seybold, notes uponbotanists etc. Gottingae [1797].SeeJ.H.Barnhart, dictarum brevis historia.Dissertationeinauguralidelineata, artis obstetriciaeexercitia facientium vulgoFantôme Heidelberg 1821and 41: 635.1927, and uni Horti Regii Berolinensis Altera stographie soils, alluvialgravel, see China, Siberia,Mongolia.Perennial,sandyandgravelly China (1833-1901), de BenjaminDelessert portrait collection dictionary ofbotanistsrepresented intheHuntInstitute Oxford Herbaria oftheDepartmentBotanyinUniversity of

lapponica Lange; fl fi oris etsesqui Rhodora i Calamagrostis con (Link)Keng) (namedfortheGermansurgeon Georg . [Reprintoftheoriginaledition1898]Leipzig1981) . Tubingue1810, . 14. Au Ohwi; . 197.Oxford1964; A. Lasègue, 38(1):161-163.1942, Calamagrostis yendoana Kom.; Calamagrostis neglecta fi Calamagrostis confusa i 27.pl.1.1812, Petrov; 15,152,157.1812, (Link) Tzvelev; fi Calamagrostis lapponica nis (Wahlenb.) Hartman( 24:143.1922, 21(3):135.1934, History ofEuropean BotanicalDiscoveries in Calamagrostis lancea fl Flora Iakutiae Calamagrostis purpurea (Willd.) Nutt.; . Stuttgart 1993; T.W. Bossert, Calamagrostis lapponica (Wahlenb.) Kunth) fl Wahlenb.; Calamagrostis lapponica . 227.1972;H.N.Clokie, oris Deyeuxia con . 2:343.1965;R.Zander, F. Encke, G. Phantasmatum 219,225,t.4,f.10.Petropoli1824 . Paris 1845;EmilBretschneider fi Bemerkungen aufeinerReiseum nis 1:94.1799, The Genera ofNorth American Handwörterbuch derP Essai d’uneNouvelle Agro- (Willd.) P. Beauv.; Calamagrostis alaskana 1:201.1930, Botanical Magazine Bemerkungen überBrasilien Calamagrostis unilateralis 1:74.1821, 15,152,157.1812, var. var. Acta Universitatis Lunden- V.N. Vassil.; Calamagrostis gorodkovii V.N. Vassil.; fi Honda; Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. nis Enumeratio Plantarum Arundo con Ohwi; con (Willd.) Kunth; sive machinarumad var. var. …MitKupfern, Oekonomisch-Tech- (Trin.) Trin. subsp. 127.1809, fi Enumeratio Plan- Musée botanique nis subsp. Deyeuxia langs- var. var. American Jour- De Graminibus nearctica Account ofthe Calamagrostis (Willd.) Beal; Biographical Biographical Calamagros- Calamagros- fi groenland- nis (Tokyo) Calama- fl sibirica Willd.; anzen- Kear- Flora A.E. Essai Dey- . Kunth; icae des Graminées Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P sidad Central delEcuador anique deFrance Botanique Plantarum South America, Peru,Ecuador. See longigluma Pilg.; Students Plants C. ligulata 1. 1927. Journal ofthe Washington Academy ofSciences Southern America, West Indies.Redclay, openhabitats,see C. National Herbarium 345. 1898and et Geobotanica Flora Iakutiae United StatesDepartmentof Agriculture Calamagrostis longigluma Calamagrostis aurea ertorium University the Contributions from the Arnold Arboretum ofHarvard France secunda South America, Bolivia. See picta C. leiophylla 31. 1965, Deyeuxia beyrichiana var. var. straight awns, foundindampplaces,sandysoils, see Southern America, ColombiatoUruguay. Perennial,with longearistata zengeographie vidensis Calamagrostis montevidensis Kämpf; C. longearistata 26-27, f.1D.1988. Ecuador, CordilleradelosLlanganates. See C. llanganatensis Vicente Rocafuerte Herbarium 20. 1922, pilosa beyrichiana

leonardii 296.1887, laxi Wedd.) Deyeuxia aurea Kämpf; 1:47.1818, 22:177,180.1875, fl var. var. 1:251.1840, Deyeuxia podophora 2:353.1896, 68:226-227.1963, ora Calamagrostis longiaristata Suppl.4:706.1816, Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. 4:10-11.JamaicaPlain,MA1943, 1:145.1815[1816], (Kunth) Hitchc.( Contributions from the UnitedStatesNational 24(8)372.1927, (Pilg.)Mez) Neesex Döll; Chase Kuntze; linearis Wedd.; (Wedd.) Hitchc.( 42:66,71.1908, 1:203,f68.1930, 1:76.1829, 2:162.1933, Grasses ofNorth America forFarmers and (Wedd.) Hack.ex Sodiro( Calamagrostis longearistata 22:176,179.1875, Contributions from the UnitedStates Laegaard 12:79.1930. 24(8):367.1927. Hack.; Genera Graminum (Munroex Wedd.) Hack.ex Sodiro; Deyeuxia leiophylla Deyeuxia rupestris Munroex Wedd.; (Neesex Döll)Sodiro; Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology 3(25):481.1889and Pilg.; Revisio GenerumPlantarum Calamagrostis longearistata Conspectus Florae Groenland- Nomenclator Botanicus.Editio Arundo ligulata Calamagrostis rupestris Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. Revista delColégioNacional Nees; (Pilg.)Sodiro; fl anzengeschichte undP Sargentia: Continuationof Bulletin delaSociétéBot- Encyclopédie Méthodique, Calamagrostis podophora Calamagrostis tolucensis 48:192.2003. Botanisches Archiv Calamagrostis Adanson Nova Genera etSpecies Acta Phytotaxonomica Calamagrostis monte- Anales delaUniver- 5.1819, (Wedd.) Hack.; (Trin.) Rúgolo) 11:32.1898and Deyeuxia ligulata Wedd.; Calamagrostis (Kunth) Poir.; var. var. Novon Feddes Rep- Stylagrostis Botanische 17:72,f. Deyeuxia Deyeuxia Révision 1965: Trin.; minor 8(1): 1(1): fl an- 3: f. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC für Systematik,P P bücher fürSystematik, P nique deFrance South America, Bolivia. See C. menhoferi 49: 183.1913. ana C. mandoniana 1953. 13: 478.1906, Argentina. See Parodi) C. malamalensis 60. 1908. C. macrophylla Appendice NomenclationeSystematica Generum etSpecierumGraminearum PrimarumSinicarum Europe. See ilenta zov; Calamagrostis manshurica tematik, P 25(5): 711-712.1898and Systematik, P South America, Ecuador. See Botanique deFrance Paniceis De Graminibus Calamagrostis Adanson C. minima World Checklist ofSeedPlants Sociedad Argentina deBotánica gegeben von Reinhold Tüxen; BandIV.], and distribution. 75.1979[Floraetvegetatio mundiheraus- churia (northeasternChina)togetherwiththeirsynonymy the spontaneousvascular plantshithertoknown fromMan- Neo-Lineamenta Florae Manshuricae wan Museum South America, Bolivia. See Regni Vegetabilis dor 53, t.16.1878, für Systematik,P South America, Peru. Openareas,see minima C. macilenta Prado” Peru. See C. macbridei 1974 [1975]. de Pesquisas Zootécnicas fl anzengeographie 3(25):481.1889and (Wedd.) Pilg.; Deyeuxia hirsuta Griseb.; Pilg.; 11: 62.1960. Memorias delMuseodeHistoriaNatural “Javier fl (Pilg.) Tovar ( anzengeschichte undP (Griseb.) Litv. ( Tovar Govaerts ( Flora Rossica 18:221.1965,MasaoKitagawa (b. 1909), Deyeuxia minima fl Deyeuxia macilenta Anales delMuseoNacionaldeBuenos Aires Anales delaUniversidad Central delEcua- anzengeschichte undP (Pilg.)Pilg.( (Wedd.) Wedd. ( 22:179,180.1875and Revista Argentinade Agronomía fl 6:156.1908, fl Hack.( anzengeschichte undP anzengeschichte undP Deyeuxia mandoniana 42:71.1908, 22:176.1875, Rúgolo&X. Villavicencio) Calamagrostis hirsuta 28.1826, Repertorium SpecierumNovarum Deyeuxia malamalensis “ Botanische Jahrbücher fürSys- (V. Vassil.) Baranov &Skvort- Francisco Osorio Calamagrostis vicunarum 4(13):427.1852and Calamagrostis varia Quarterly Journal ofthe Tai- Deyeuxia macrophylla Bulletin delaSociétéBota- Anuário Técnico doInstituto 3(1):11.1999. Botanische Jahrbücher für (Pilg.)Rúgolo) fl 31(1-2):136,f.7.1995, anzengeschichte und Calamagrostis mandoni- (Griseb.) Keng) Botanische Jahrbücher Flora Brasiliensis fl Bulletin delaSociété Botanische Jahrbücher anzengeographie : orenumerationof 204.1957. fl fl fl anzengeographie Botanische Jahr- anzengeographie Wedd.) anzengeog ” 2:610,613. Boletín dela V.N. Vassil.; var. var. (Hack.) 20:14. Claves raphie Pilg.) 2(3): mac- var. 42: C. nardifolia Botany India, Naga Hills.Straggling,see C. nagarum cias Naturales der Wissenschaften zuGöttingen Argentina. See euxia trisetoides C. neglecta nal deBuenos Aires Friderico Philippilectarum.]and title Cataloguspraevius plantaruminitineread Tarapaca a Chile. Primera Sección—Zoolojía 83. Leipzig1891[alsoin Provinzen Antofagasta und Tarapacá gesammelten P zeichniss dervonFriedrich Philippi aufderHochebene der nom. illeg., non Ehrh.; nardifolia Speg.; grostis freticola Macloskie; man, nom.illeg., non nom. illeg., non (Speg.) Macloskie; America, States NationalHerbarium 253. 1874and chen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zuGöttingen Venezuela.South America, See C. mulleri 175, f.3,4.2002. North America, U.S.,California.See C. muiriana 35-36. 1898. of Agrostology UnitedStatesDepartmentof Agriculture cultural Science 1799, see North America, U.S.,Canada.Openprairies,moist places, Kearney; C. mollis “Javier Prado” 42: 62-63.1908, Scribn. ex Vasey; tanensis Systematik, P South America, Ecuador. See ensis C. montanensis 12: 80.1930. 61. 1908, Oekonomisch-Technische Flora der Wetterau (Scribn.)Beal,nom.illeg., non Proceedings oftheSocietyforPromotion of Agri- 1:69.1938, Calamagrostis haenkeana Arundo stricta (Scribn.)Scribn.; Pilg.( Deyeuxia montanensis Griseb.; second edition,2:342.1896, Revista delColégioNacional Vicente Rocafuerte Luces (Ehrh.)Gaertn.( Calamagrostis arundinacea (Bor)G.Singh( B.L. Wilson &SamiGray fl (Griseb.) Hack.( anzengeschichte undP 15(80):9-11,f.5.1953. Boletín delaSociedad Venezolana deCien- Abhandlungen derKöniglichen Gesellschaft (Speg.) Macloskie; (Scribn.)Scribn.( Deyeuxia mollis Phil.) 6.1883, Agrostis arundinacea 11: 53.1960. Memorias delMuseodeHistoriaNatural Agrostis canescens Deyeuxia nardifolia Calamagrostis neglecta Calamagrostis ameghinoi 13:480.1906. Taxon Timm; Calamagrostis ameghinoi 3(1):82.1892, 33(1):94.1984. Anales delMuseoNacionalde Contributions from theUnited Agrostis arundinacea Calamagrostis montanensis Deyeuxia nagarum Agrostis canescens Botanische Jahrbücher für Abhandlungen derKönigli- Calamagrostis ameghinoi Scribn.) (Pilg.)Sodiro) 19:252-253.1874, Anales delMuseoNacio- Hitchc.; Calamagrostis montan- Calamagrostis fuegiana Indian Forest Records: 8:83.1891,withthe (L.)Salisb.; fl Madroño L.; anzengeographie (Griseb.) Phil.; Calamagrostis mon- (L.)Roth; Bulletin, Division Grasses ofNorth Arundo neglecta var. var. Calamagrostis (Speg.) Hau- 49(3):174- candidula Bor) 19:252- Calama- Griseb., J.Presl, (Speg.) Agrostis 1:94. fl anzen Dey- Ver- 11: 409 42: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC cilis hookeri South America. See South America. euxia vancouverensis neglecta 1789, (Syme) Druce; alis grostis stricta Calamagrostis ochotensis Calamagrostis neglecta 48. 1888, 206-207. 1888, Monographiae Mycologicae Technische Flora der Wetterau oides Gazette English Botany, thethird edition Graminées grostis neglecta lanica 1830, var. var. grostis americana Tzvelev ( C. neglecta fl Phil.; Herbarium 57. 1917, Museo NacionaldeHistoriaNatural deBuenos Aires grostis expansa Thurb.; tis chordorrhiza Calamagrostis canadensis Calamagrostis kolgujewensis Darwiniana Comitalis Britannicae], Flora oftheBritishIsles 55. 1930,George ClaridgeDruce(1850-1932), the BritishIsles.Report de laSociétéBotaniqueFrance culture Division of Agrostology UnitedStatesDepartmentof Agri- grostis hyperborea grostis hyperborea Louis-Marie; Volume viii,1[2],Botany Princeton University ExpeditionstoPatagonia, 1896-1899, Natural deBuenos Aires Department of Agriculture 1896, 85, 87.1896, hookeri 410 Calamagrostis hyperborea ora Scribn.; lacustris Macoun; Steud.; Kearney, nom.illeg., non Calamagrostis lucida Beiträge zurNaturkunde Phil.; Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum 30:8.1901, Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology UnitedStates Syme; (Syme)Druce; 11:175.1886, Calamagrostis elongata var. var. Calamagrostis aculeolata Anales delMuseoNacionaldeBuenos Aires Contributions from the UnitedStatesNational 1:76.1829, 24(8):371.1927, (Ehrh.)Gaertn.subsp. 21:443.1978, Kearney; brevifolia Calamagrostis robertii Calamagrostis micrantha Anales delaUniversidad deChile (Timm) Koeler; Calamagrostis hyperborea Deyeuxia poaeoides Deyeuxia freticola Deyeuxia neglecta Deyeuxia ameghinoi Bulletin ofthe Torrey BotanicalClub Rickett &Gilly; A.E. Porsild; A.E. (Vasey) Scribn.; var. var. Tentamen Florae Germanicae var. var. Vasey) var. var. Anales MuseoNacionaldeHistoria Vasey; Calamagrostis californica Catalogue ofCanadianPlants var. var. Reliquiae Haenkeanae Nature Canada Calamagrostis hyperborea 8:140.1926-1927, 352. Arbroath, Scot.1932[Flora gracilis 8(1,5,1):193-194.1904, V. Vassil.; var. var. var. var. 7:190.1902, 11:34-36.1898and americana Scribn.; Flora Patagónica hyperborea micrantha Gand.; Botanical Exchange Clubof 105.1802, arcta 6:137.1791, Calamagrostis crassiglumis Deyeuxia neglecta elongata (Kearney) Rydb.; 1:94.1799, Calamagrostis stricta Speg.; 11:56.1873, (Ehrh.)Kunth; Scribn.ex Kearney; Calamagrostis laxi (Steud.)Rúgolo; Calamagrostis fernaldii (Hack.)Ohwi; Calamagrostis breviseta 56:533.1909, Stebbins; Speg.; A.E. Porsild; A.E. Calamagrostis magel- inexpansa Calamagrostis poae- (Kearney) Stebbins; (Vasey) Kearney; Calamagrostis laxi- Kearney; 4:5.1974[1975], Kearney; ; Deyeuxia hookeri Lange; Calamagrostis 1:423.1854, Reports ofthe Deyeuxia bore- Oekonomisch- Révision des 3:361.1978. Calamagros- Rhodora 1(4-5):238. The Comital Saccardoa: (A.Gray) 94:18,20. Kearney; Botanical var. var. Deyeuxia 2(1):89. Calama- Calama- Calama- Calama- Calama- Calama- Bulletin, Bulletin Lange; Anales 15(2): 2(4): Dey- fl var. gra- 32: 29: ora 5: (Kearney) Lunell; Deyeuxia hyperborea gensis stenodes var. Deyeuxia crassiglumis cana grostis stricta Gray) C.W. Greene; (Vasey) Vasey; var. (Kearney) Fernald& Wiegand; (A. Gray)M.E.Jones; Hack.; (Lange) M.E.Jones; (Thurb.) Beal; ilis Calamagrostis labradorica pansa tris hyperborea Genera Graminum America. Swamps, woods, meadows, boggyplaces,see Calamagrostis inexpansa and Cyperaceae Calamagrostis inexpansa Stebbins; Kearney; of the Torrey BotanicalClub 28. 1883, Botany in Charge ofFirst Lieut.Geo.M. Wheeler… vol.vi— Geographical Surveys West oftheOneHundredth Meridian, America forFarmers andStudents nia, Botany United StatesNationalHerbarium Botanical Gazette Bulletin del’HerbierBoissier States Departmentof Agriculture culture Division of Agrostology UnitedStatesDepartmentof Agri- Torrey BotanicalClub taxonomica etGeobotanica 1060. 1917, Naturalist 208. 1913, 1912, Harvard University ation oftheContributions from the Arnold Arboretum of [1920], Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance 8(95): 210.1906, of Botany 836, f.4.1944, Stebbins; (Kearney) Nash; elongata Vasey; lacustris A. Gray; A. An Illustrated Flora oftheNorthernUnitedStates Gand.; 5:27.1897, 6:285.1878[1879], Calamagrostis stricta Rhodora (Kearney) Lunell; 71:286.1984. 4:218.1915, Calamagrostis inexpansa Catalogue ofCanadianPlants Rhodora var. var. 2:281.1880, Calamagrostis inexpansa Deyeuxia neglecta (Kearney) Lunell; American MidlandNaturalist (Kearney) Hitchc.; var. var. Calamagrostis neglecta Calamagrostis stricta Calamagrostis neglecta 1:20.1834, 32:45,48,50-51,56.1930, Zlaki SSSR Deyeuxia americana Calamagrostis inexpansa stenodes 16:288.1891, Contributions to Western Botany Deyeuxia glomerata 5.1819, robusta Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology United 15(175):135.1913, 4:9-10.1943, Calamagrostis neglecta (Lange)Lunell; Calamagrostis stricta Calamagrostis lapponica Calamagrostis pickeringii 69:464.1942, (Thurb.) Vasey; var. var. The Grasses oftheUnited States Kearney; Vasey; Flora oftheRocky Mountains var. var. Kearney; 310.1976, 2:278.1933, Deyeuxia neglecta 5:41.1894, Geological Survey ofCalifor- var. var. 7(9):652.1899and North American Gramineae North American Report UponUnitedStates var. var. robusta Calamagrostis pickeringii Deyeuxia hyperborea novae-angliae 11:25-26,37-41.1898, 3(1):82.1892, brevior Calamagrostis Adanson Calamagrostis wyomin- 2:353.1896, Calamagrostis robusta Contributions from the robusta var. var. Rhodora subsp. Calamagrostis lacus- Deyeuxia hyperborea Calamagrostis inex- Sargentia: Continu- (Vasey) Stebbins; var. var. Deyeuxia elongata (Vasey) Lunell; Vasey ex Macoun; var. var. American Midland American Journal var. var. 2(4):206.1888, Grasses ofNorth Vasey; 66(7):299.1919 brevior var. var. var. var. 5:233.1918, Vasey) Bulletin ofthe var. var. inexpansa 46:290,pl. crassiglumis var. var. var. var. Acta Phyto- inexpansa hyperborea var. var. Stebbins; aculeolata inexpansa barbulata (Vasey) Memoirs Calama- Rhodora Bulletin, brevip- 14:9. debilis ameri- var. (A. 1: ; Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC stricta tha (Hack.) T.Koyama; M.E. Jones; tha Hack.; (Kearney) L.Liou; Deyeuxia neglecta tha Calamagrostis micrantha lis Calamagrostis neglecta neglecta Calamagrostis laxi jacutensis Calamagrostis stricta its NeighboringRegions 1965, grostis laxi dattoi Calamagrostis praerupta tis ochotensis Torneå Lappmark (1835-1920), Gesellschaft inRegensburg Europe. See (Schrank) Á.Löve) Laest.; ( C. neglecta Hengduan Mountains rium 1: 214,f23.1930, of Agriculture Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology UnitedStatesDepartment neglecta C. neglecta Calamagrostis Adanson Contributions to Western Botany Anales delMuseoNacionaldeBuenos Aires letin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance United StatesDepartmentof Agriculture sier 206. 1888, logicae Naturkunde Europe, America. Meadows, undertrees,see (Steud.) Rúgolo) C. 35. 1898and of Agrostology UnitedStatesDepartmentof Agriculture Gazette sis PlantarumGlumacearum mites Arundo groenlandica

Scribn.ex Kearney; nepalensis var. var. (Kearney) Tzvelev; (Kearney) Stebbins; 7(9):652.1899and 68:236.1963, (Hallerf.)Koeler) Golub; Flora Patagónica (Timm) Tzvelev; Calamagrostis neglecta 105.1802, 11:175.1886, ; micrantha Ehrh.; Calamagrostis stricta Calamagrostis neglecta Petrov; Anales delaUniversidad deChile (Ehrh.)Gaertn.var. 6:137.1791, ﬂ Denkschriften derBayer[ischen]. Botanischen (Ehrh.)Gaertn.subsp.

V. Vassil.; ora Taxon 11:34-36.1898, Calamagrostis neglecta Nees ex Steud.( Calamagrostis stricta Bidrag tillkännedomenomväxtligheteni Phil.; Arundo stricta . Diss.Uppsala1860, var. var. ﬂ ; Rhodora Flora Rossica Deyeuxia neglecta 19:299.1970. ora Calamagrostis neglecta Calamagrostis kolgujewensis Calamagrostis micrantha Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. 2:2239.1994. gracilis var. var. Calamagrostis neglecta Schrank; Catalogue ofCanadianPlants var. var. 3:361.1978, Kearney, nom.illeg., non 496.1987, Calamagrostis neglecta Kearney; V. Vassil.; Saccardoa: Monographiae Myco- Calamagrostis poaeoides Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology Calamagrostis lucida Calamagrostis neglecta 32:55.1930, Calamagrostis neglecta wrightii 1:8.1818,C.P. Laestadius stricta Calamagrostis pseudophrag- Scribn.; var. var. 1:423.1854, Bulletin del’HerbierBois- 14:9.1912, borealis 4(13):429.1852, Timm; var. var. subsp. Calamagrostis borealis ; stricta Calamagrostis micran- Kearney; var. var. Vascular Plantsofthe Calamagrostis rever- var. var. Deyeuxia micrantha Grasses ofJapan and subsp. Deyeuxia poaeoides poaeoides neglecta 30:8.1901, aculeolata Bulletin, Division (Laest.)Kearney (Timm) Griseb.; brevifolia 56:533.1909, Feddes Reperto- Calamagrostis subsp. 21:103.1911, groenlandica Flora Iakutiae 94:18.1896, 1965:29-30. Calamagros- var. var. Beiträge zur var. var. var. var. aculeolata Botanical ( Scribn.; (Steud.) Calama- Gand.; Steud.; micran- micran- Arundo subsp. Hack.; Vasey; sierrae Synop- graci- 2(4): var. Bul- 11: Deyeuxia aleutica Gray, nom.illeg., non Haenkeanae Northern America, Alaska, U.S.Perennial,see sis Wedd.; ety ofLondon macearum viaristata Presl) J.Preslex Steud.; tica Buckley; C. 69-70. 1908. alogue ofCanadianPlants Bulletin ofthe Torrey BotanicalClub of Natural Sciencesof Philadelphia albescens C. ophitidis Agriculture sion of Agrostology UnitedStatesDepartmentof secunda nyana (Wedd.) Hitchc.,nom.illeg., non atophylla cens Rúgolo; rigida tematik, P tarum Peru, Bolivia. Stony sites,see numerous writingsare the Muséumd’HistoireNaturelle deParis, among his Antoine Cordier(1777-1861), professorofpaleontologyat ica, palmcollector, studiedinParis underPierre-Louis- ogist, palaeontologist,explorer, 1826-1834inSouth Amer- d’Orbigny, 1802-1857 (d.nearSant-Denis),traveler, zool- (b. Loire-Atlantique)naturalist Alcide Dessalines Wedd.; C. orbignyana in English:serpentinereedgrass 1954. Calamagrostis nitidula C. nitidula and lin’s Narrative U.S., California.See maculis similisundeetnomenaccepit…”) a snake, serpentine-stone”;Plinius:“…ophitesserpentinum 4(10): 246-247.1946, uberior Graminum Asia. See macearum

J.Presl) nutkaensis var. var. ophites, ae var. var. 1:144.1815[1816], (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud.; (Wedd.) Wedd. ex Pilg.; Deyeuxia orbignyana Deyeuxia columbiana 1:251.1840and Deyeuxia rigida ophitidis Calamagrostis aleutica Vasey, nom.illeg., non Buckley ex A. Gray; patens (Wedd.) Pilg.; 1:190.1854, 1:193.1854. Archiv fürdieBotanik ﬂ Pilg.( 11:20.1898. (J.Howell) Nygren( anzengeschichte undP 1(4-5):250.1830, 23:345.1862,

(Wedd.) Wedd. ex Pilg.( 731.1823and (J. Presl&C.Presl)Steud.( “snake-stone, akindofmarblespottedlike Kearney; J.T. Howell) (fromtheLatin (Trin.) Munroex Hook.; Calamagrostis nitidula 106.1803, Botanical Appendix toCaptainFrank- Voyage dansl’Ameriqueméridionale var. var. Hereditas; genetiskt arkiv. Calamagrostis pallida Kunth) Calamagrostis pallida Transactions oftheLinneanSoci- 2(4):207.1888, Botanische Jahrbücher fürSys- macrantha Nomenclator Botanicus.Editio Calamagrostis Wedd.) (namedfortheFrench Calamagrostis orbignyana Nova Genera etSpeciesPlan- Macoun; Proceedings ofthe Academy Lea Trin.; Synopsis PlantarumGlu- Synopsis PlantarumGlu- Deyeuxia nitidula Calamagrostis purpuras- 1:11.1797, Deyeuxia nematophylla Calamagrostis albicans ﬂ Deyeuxia breviaristata ﬂ ets of Western Botany Calamagrostis orbig- 15(2):48.1888, anzengeographie 14:92,334.1862, Pilg.; Calamagrostis aleu- Calamagrostis nem- Deyeuxia nutkaen- var. var.

Calamagrostis Calamagrostis nutkaensis Bulletin, Divi- Deyeuxia bre- C.Mueller; Nutt.ex A. ophitis, idis elata Descriptio Reliquiae 40:388. (Pilg.) Pilg.; 42: Cat- 411 (J. . Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC illeg., non Calamagrostis plumosa classe desCéphalopodes Paris, Strasbourg 1834[-1847], 412 decima sexta North America, Mexico. See abae grostis orizabae al., editors, botanique deBenjaminDelessert Revue desDeuxMondes. Gaudry, géologique deFrance. travaux d’Alcided’Orbigny.” 1840-1856. SeeP. Fischer, “Noticesurlavieetles animaux mollusquesetrayonnésfossilesdeFrance.Paris française 1959; August Weberbauer1959; August(1871-1948), C. ovata American Flora America forFarmers andStudents Mexicanas Plantas Biologia Centrali-Americana; …Botany letin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance 1842, Royale desSciencesetBelles-lettres deBruxelles schen P F. BoernerandG.Kunkel, 17: 39-40.1987;Heinz Tobien, in in tivadas, withupdatednomenclatureandaddedillustrations” “Dicionário dasPlantasÚteisdoBrasileExóticasCul- nacular Names J. Balick, 8-9. Leipzig1911;ClaudioUrbanoB.PinheiroandMichael der peruanischen Andes inihren Grundzügen dargestellt Calamagrostis p namen Buchheim andS.Seybold, schen P 1989; H.Genaust, Ansbach 1852;Sta Wittstein, atik, P 22: 178-180.1875and America. See 3: 842-844.1981) tis erecta Fourn.; C. orizabae 378. 1927. tions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium schichte undP 1908, Contributions from theNew York BotanicalGarden Rupr. ex E. Fourn.; Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P . 14. Au fl Achaeta plumosa fl anzengeschichte undP fl (J.Presl)Steud.( Beal; “Alcide d’Orbigny, sesvoyages etsestravaux.” anzennamen . Descriptionzoologiqueetgéologiquedetousles anzennamen Etymologisch-botanisches Handwörterbuch Brazilian Palms. Noteson Their Usesand Ver- Calamagrostis plumosa (Rupr. ex E.Fourn.) Beal( Forerunners ofDarwin:1745-1859 1:253.1825[1824], Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance fl , compiledandtranslatedfromPioCorrêa’s fl Calamagrostis erectifolia anzengeographie 17(7):507.1937. Steud.; . 407,785f.Stuttgart 1993;G.Christian Etymologisches Wörterbuch derbotani- fl 2:105,109.1886, fl anzii eu andCowan, . 440.1996;R.Zander, F. Encke, G. . 4. Au sér. 3.6:434-453.Paris 1878; A. Botanische Jahrbücher für System- (E. Fourn.) Scribn.ex Beal,nom. E.Fourn. ex Hemsl.; Calamagrostis plumosa Deyeuxia orizabae Paris 1859; A. Lasègue, . Paris 1826and var. var. Taschenwörterbuch derbotani- Handwörterbuch derP Calamagrostis p Systema Vegetabilium,editio fl . 143.Berlin&Hamburg fl Tableau méthodiquedela major 49:184.1912, anzengeographie D.S.B . Paris 1845;B.Glasset Bulletin delaSociété Spreng.; 2:340.1896and Bulletin del’Académie Taxonomic literature Achaeta plumosa . 10:221-222.1981; Pilg.; 1:193.1854, Hitchc.; Grasses ofNorth Die P … 3:553.1885, 24:181.1877, Deyeuxia oriz- Rupr.) Paléontologie Calamagros- fl anzii . Baltimore fl Deyeuxia 9(2):233. fl anzenwelt Contribu- Spreng.; anzenge- Calama- 42:70. fl 24(8): anzen- Pilg.; Musée North . 636. . vol. Bul- E. . . X. Villavicencio; euxia nivalis C. 1(1): 20.1922. und P Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P America. See ovata Scribn.; euxia ovata var. C. ovata Herbarium 1: 75.1910, 22: 176,180.1875and America. See C. pickeringii Station]. Memoir, CornellUniversity Agricultural Experiment iment StationMemoir culture Division of Agrostology, UnitedStatesDepartmentof Agri- ( C. ovata Botanisches Archiv anthox C. patagonica Botanic Garden, Edinburgh Torrey Botanical Club nivalis 1899, the PrincetonUniversity ExpeditionstoPatagonia, 1896- Historia Natural deBuenos Aires See South America,Argentina. Speg.) areas, see Iran. Rhizomatous,leaves mainlybasal,usuallyinwet Deyeuxia parsana P 179-180. 1875and 1840, 246. 1830, America, Bolivia, Peru.See (Wedd.) Mez; Calamagrostis nemoralis Calamagrostis nemoralis C. perplexa States Departmentof Agriculture 94: 18.1896, and Sciences America. See perplexa Calamagrostis nivalis fl

anzengeschichte undP parsana major (J.Presl)Mez) Volume viii,1[2], ﬂ Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance anthum Wedd.; 30:7.1901, anzengeographie (J.Presl)Steud.var. (Scribn.)R.T. Clausen) (J.Presl)Steud.var. Calamagrostis breviseta Pilg.; 48:213.2003. Kew Bulletin Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda J.Presl;

(Bor) Dogan ( Contributions from theUnitedStatesNational 6:79.1862, Wedd.; Scribn.( Proceedings ofthe American Academy of Arts A. Gray( Reliquiae Haenkeanae Wedd.; Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance Stylagrostis ovata (Speg.) Macloskie( Deyeuxia ovata Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology United Calamagrostis p Stylagrostis nivalis Bor) 1(1):20.1922. Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik, Cornell University Agricultural Exper- Deyeuxia ovata 291:11.Ithaca,New York 1949 [also Deyeuxia ovata 76:290.1949, Deyeuxia capitata Contribuciones alaFlora deBolivia (Wedd.) Hack.ex Buchtien; 49:184.1912, Calamagrostis breviseta Calamagrostis nemoralis 1948:42.1948, Botany Phil.; Anales delaUniversidad deChile fl anzengeographie Agrostis parsana 40(1):86.1982. Kearney, nom.illeg., non Reliquiae Haenkeanae ovata J.Presl; Anales MuseoNacionalde Calamagrostis porteri (J.Presl)Mez) 11:26.1898and 8(1,5,1):195-196.1904. 7:191.1902, fl nivalis Calamagrostis Adanson ( var. var. anzii var. var. Calamagrostis p 1(4-5):246.1830and (Wedd.) Mez) Deyeuxia patagonica var. var. Notes from theRoyal Botanisches Archiv Stylagrostis nivalis var. var. ovata Wedd.; (Wedd.) Soreng debilis fl anzengeschichte nivalis Bulletin ofthe 49:184.1912, (Bor)Beetle; p ; fl Stylagrostis anzii Kearney; (A.Gray) Reports of Deyeuxia 22:176, (Wedd.) Circular, 1:251. 1(4-5): Phil.; ; fl anzii Dey- Dey- var. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC nal deBuenos Aires lorentzianae t. 2,f.7.1874, A.H.R. Grisebach(1814-1879), chen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zuGöttingen See South America,Argentina. polygama C. polygama 12: 79.1930. 372. 1927, tributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Calamagrostis lilloi Calamagrostis pickeringii Calamagrostis Adanson lilloi Calamagrostis pickeringii and Wiegand; 547. 1856, of theBotanyNorthernUnitedStates. Botany oftheNorthernUnitedStates North America, Savannah, wetsites.See Gray; zengeschichte undP Memoirs ofthe Torrey BotanicalClub [1816] and Hitchc.; C. podophora 251. 1840. C. pickeringii America. eringii culture Division of Agrostology UnitedStatesDepartmentof Agri- 1815 [1816], America. See (Kunth) Poir.; C. planifolia 52(3): 108.1902. See South America. C. pittieri States NationalHerbarium Venezuela. Páramos,see C. pisinna United StatesNationalHerbarium Guatemala. Slopes,dryareas,see C. pinetorum C. pickeringii Rhodora Peru. See (Pilg.) Sodiro) 4: 707.1816, Canada. See f. Deyeuxia pickeringii var. var. 11:25.1898and 46:296.1944. lilloi Deyeuxia ligulata (Griseb.) Parodi) Hack. Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarum Swallen Revista delColégioNacional Vicente Rocafuerte pickeringii Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P The Grasses oftheUnitedStates . Göttingen1874and (Griseb.) Parodi ( Rhodora (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud.( ; Swallen Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique A. Grayf. A. Grayf. Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarum Deyeuxia planifolia Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda Cinnagrostis polygama Pilg.( Calamagrostis sylvatica f. fl Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 13:477.1906, anzengeographie 46:296.1944. ) Calamagrostis ligulata grandi vivipara pickeringii var. var. Contributions from the United (A.Gray) Vasey) 29(6):257-258.1948[1949]. Kunth; Rhodora f. fl Abhandlungen derKönigli- Calamagrostis lilloi ora debilis Anales delMuseoNacio- vivipara Louis-Marie Kunth) 29(9):406.1950. Hack.; Contributions from the 15(175):135.1913, ( 582.1848, Deyeuxia podophora 5:41.1894, Calamagrostis pick- 42:66.1908, (Kearney) Fernald Griseb.; Anales delMuseo var. var. Arundo planifolia A Manualofthe Louis-Marie; Calamagrostis second edition 1:145.1815 breviseta 28.1883, A Manual (Kunth) Deyeuxia 19:257, Bulletin, 1:145. Plantae Hack.; Suppl. 24(8) Con- fl A. an- 1: C. polygama 1928, de laSociedad Argentina deCienciasNaturales Nacional deBuenos Aires allozymes andrandomampli porteri dus, A.D. Wolfe, “Clonal diversity intherare 1984, EsselmanE.J.,L.Jianqiang,D.J.Crawford, J.L. Win- tina deBotánica South America, Bolivia. See Rúgolo &X. Villavicencio) Villavicencio) Soreng( C. polygama from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium polygama of Arts andSciences America, U.S.See C. porteri America. C. porteri iment StationMemoir States 25(9): 413.1935, U.S. See ( America, Peru.See Calamagrostis caespitosa Kuntze; midium hygrometricum preslii nom. illeg., non C. porteri Molecular Ecology (RAPD) andintersimplesequencerepeat(ISSR)markers.” Reliquiae Haenkeanae C. preslii U.S. Leop.-Carol. Nat.Cur. Gramineae tarum OmniumHucusqueCognitarum Generum Plantarum C. Students Mexico. See Scribn. ex Beal) Missouri BotanicalGarden Hitchc.; C. pringlei 1927. from theUnited StatesNationalHerbarium (Host) Wahlenb.; Calamagrostis insperata

pseudophragmites 28.1883and Kunth; Revista Argentinade Agronomía subsp.insperata(Poaceae):comparative resultsfor 2:345.1896. Calamagrostis caespitosa Deyeuxia pringlei A. Graysubsp. Journal ofthe Washington Academy ofSciences subsp. (Kunth) Hitchc.( A. Gray( A. Graysubsp. Scribnerex Beal( 23-24.1841, (Griseb.) Parodi subsp. (Griseb.) Parodi subsp. Grasses ofNorth America forFarmers and Bromidium caespitosum Agrostis caespitosa 31(1-2):139,f.8.1995, polygama 8:443.1999. American Journal ofBotany Proceedings ofthe American Academy 6:79.1862, Cornell University Agricultural Exper- Deyeuxia porteri Prodr. Stirp.Chap. Allerton 3(3):343.1898, Arundo littorea 291:11.1949. 1(4-5):237.1830, 19(Suppl. 1):155-156.1843,

var. var. Deyeuxia polygama (Haller f.)Koeler ( Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Phys.-Med. Acad. Nova Acta Swallen) insperata (Hochst.ex Seub.) Steud.) porteri 21:102.1911, 10:37.1899and ) caespitosum Boletín delaSociedad Argen- Soreng; Agrostis caespitosa Calamagrostis guatemalensis fi The Grasses oftheUnited Scribn.,nom.illeg., non ed polymorphicDNA (Swallen) C.W. Greene (L.)Salisb.; fi (A.Gray) Vasey) Annual Reportofthe polygama Nees&Meyen; lifolia Schrad.; 20:14.1953. Deyeuxia pringlei (Nees&Meyen) Enumeratio Plan- 1:225.1833, Physis. Revista 48:215.2003. subsp. (Rúgolo&X. Contributions Contributions Arundo laxa Calamgrostis 24(8)370. ( 9:13,41. 25.1796, 71:285. J.Presl, Deyeuxia Agrostis Arundo Revisio fi lifolia Bro- 413 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Steud.; nom. illeg., non cens purpurascens tis purpurascens arctica Schult.; Calamagrostis littorea C. pubescens control. Europe, Asia. Perennial,rhizomatous,usefulforerosion phragmites tis purpurascens (R. Br.) Gelert; C. purpurascens Prado” Peru. See C. pungens grostis littorea grostis lanceolata Calamagrostis lanceolata (M.Bieb.) Trin.; Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Société ImpérialedesNaturalistes deMoscou qui pseudophragmites 414 P 25(5): 712.1898and Systematik, P South America, Colombia.See nepalensis C. pseudophragmites 1879, atio PlantaruminJaponia SponteCrescentium … Descriptiones Graminum Austriacorum Tentamen Florae Germanicae North America, U.S., Canada.Openhabitats,drysoils,see Calamagrostis sylvatica Tzvelev; purascens d’une Nouvelle Agrostographie 106. 1803, für dieBotanik areas alongrivers, pinewoods, alongroadsides,see useful forerosioncontrol,commonindisturbedsites,wet Asia, China,Japan.Perennial,rhizomatous,coarsefoliage, subsp. Sav.; Kunth; congestiformis V. Petrov; Calamagrostis vaseyi fl anzengeschichte undP fl (R.Br.) Porsild; ora Calamagrostis pseudophragmites Journal oftheLinneanSociety, Botany Vasey; dubia Calamagrostis lepageana Deyeuxia robusta 11:61.1960. (Trin.) Kawano; Avena sesqui Calamagrostis sylvatica var. var. Memorias delMuseodeHistoriaNatural “Javier Neesex Steud.; Flora Germanica Calamagrostis yukonensis Tovar (Bunge) Tzvelev) var. var. (Pilg.)Pilg.( fl W.E.Booth; vaseyi DC.; Calamagrostis arundinacea 1:11.1797, Calamagrostis caespitosa anzengeschichte undP var. var. subsp. Calamagrostis arundinacea R.Br. ( Calamagrostis glauca Roth; ophitidis Hallerf.; arctica (Beal)M.E.Jones; Calamagrostis littorea Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Beal; fl

Calamagrostis caespitosa (Schrad.)P. Beauv.; arctica ora (Haller f.)Koeler subsp. var. var. Calamagrostis laxa Phil.; Calamagrostis sesqui fl Aitch., nom.illeg., non J.T. Howell; (Trin.) Griseb.; anzengeographie (Vasey) Kearney; Arundo purpurascens Calamagrostis onoei Deyeuxia pubescens Deyeuxia purpurascens Calamagrostis wiluica purpurascens 1:212,pl.4,f.2.1806, Descriptio uberiorGraminum (Vasey) Hultén; Trisetum sesqui 2(1):89.1789, Botanische Jahrbücher für 15.1812, Louis-Marie; Calamagrostis glauca var. var. 1:193.1854, Nash; (Hallerf.)Koeler Calamagrostis pur- Trin. ex Hohen.; fl Calamagrostis ses- americana (Hochst.ex Seub.) anzengeographie 4:t.48.1809, Thurb.ex Vasey; f. (Schrad.)DC.; Host; var. var. 42:60.1908. 18:107.1880. Calamagrostis Bulletin dela Calamagrostis Calamagrostis Deschampsia purpurascens Calamagros- Calamagros- fl fl orum Pilg.) 14.1837, Franch.& V. Vassil., ora purpuras- Icones et (R.Br.)

Calama- Calama- Enumer- Litv. ex pseudo- 2:598. (R.Br.) Vasey; (Trin.) Archiv Trin.) Essai Calamagrostis poaeoides poaeoides any. Bulletin 83. 1892, butions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Florula Atacamensis seuEnumeratio C. [1976]. 4: 5.1974[1975], grostis gracilis grostis gracilis for Farmers andStudents n.s. Iakutiae 1910, and C.H.Ostenfeld.], phyta, GymnospermaeandMonocotyledones,byO.Gelert … Pt.I.Copenhagen,DetNordiske Forlag, 1902.[Pterido- distribution inthesecountries…EditedbyC.H.Ostenfeld ing plantsandferns,foundinthe Arctic regions, withtheir 1931), 2(6): 154-155.1901,CarlE.HansenOstenfeld(1873- 19. 1898and of Agrostology UnitedStatesDepartmentof Agriculture Naturelles tiques, PhysiquesetNaturelles. SecondePartie: Sciences de SaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. SciencesMathéma- 77. 1829, 1823, Botanical Appendix toCaptain Franklin’s Narrative C. purpurascens Phytotaxonomica etGeobotanica 246-247. 1946, Rhodora cens (Polunin) Á.Löve andD.Löve; caespitosa C. purpurascens purascens purpurascens spitosa Nature Canada médicine, vétérinaire del’institutagricole North America, Canada.See laricina compacta poluninii grostis laricina National MuseumofCanada York Botanical Garden North America, Canada.Drysoils,see Nash)

purpurea 38(1):170-171.1942, subsp. Contributions to Western Botany Mantissa (Hochst.ex Seub.) Steud.; Flora arctica Louis-Marie) 1:193,f63.1930, 46:303.1944, T.J.Sørensen; Louis-Marie; var. var. (Steud.)Hack.; U.S. Departmentof Agriculture. DivisionofBot- Mémoires del’AcadémieImpérialedesSciences V. Vassil., nom.illeg., non 4,2(1): 14.1836,

maltei 13(2):t.55.1893, (Trin.) Trin.( subsp. Bulletin oftheNew York BotanicalGarden (Litv.) V. Vassil., nom. illeg., non (Louis-Marie)Louis-Marie; 85:70.1958, 3:603.1827, maltei R.Br. var. Seenus; R.Br. var. Flora ArcticaURSS (Polunin) A.E. Porsild; containingdescriptionsofthe Botaniska Notiser Polunin; Meddelelser omGrønland purpurascens 2(6):154-155.1901, Lea Steud.; 2:344.1896, Calamagrostis purpurascens Arundo purpurea Calamagrostis purpurascens Flora Rossica Calamagrostis neglecta laricina Calamagrostis notabilis Rhodora ﬂ purpurascens 92:51.1940, Acta Universitatis Lundensis, ets of Western Botany Fl. Canada Révision desGraminées Revue d’Oka,agronomie, Calamagrostis yukonensis Grasses ofNorth America 21:80.1965. Calamagrostis poaeoides Calamagrostis purpuras- Calamagrostis Adanson Louis-Marie( ; Calamagrostis maltei 45(538):414.1943, … 54.1860, Calamagrostis pur- 2:74.1964, 128(4):503.1975 Calamagrostis cae- 14:9.1912, Bulletin oftheNew Bulletin, Division 4(13):419.1852, 2:258.1978. ( 20:153.1946, Trin.; Nature Canada Calamagrostis Calamagrostis Calamagrostis Bulletin ofthe 47:261. Calama- Calama- Calama- Contri- ﬂ 4(10): Litv.; 3(1): ower- Flora 731. var. Acta 11: 1: f. f. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Rupr.; Tzvelev ( C. purpurea torium 1972, Europe, Germany. See Calamagrostis rivalis pseudopurpurea purea purea ex O.R.Heine)G.C.S.Clarke ( C. purpurea Russia, Siberia,Finland.Usefulforerosioncontrol. C. 1978. Succulent andXerophytic PlantsofMadagascar teen an 1821, Entdeckungen imganzenUmfangderP mountain steppe,margin of abandoned Siberia, Russia,Finland.Perennial,onsandysoil,meadows, poaeoides aus Kenia.” Amer among hiswritingsare“TheDidiereaceae.” generic names,contributed to lent plants,heiscommemoratedinnumerousspeci author ofnumerousbooksandarticlespertainingtosuccu- Heidelberg, Germany) andtheassociatedbotanical garden, Systematische Botanik,Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Systematic Botany atthe University ofHeidelberg (Inst.für gascar), professorandformerdirectoroftheInstitutefor Bromeliaceae, traveler (AfricaandSouth America, Mada- writer, bryologist,and specialist onsucculentplantsand 1913-2000 (Heidelberg), explorer, collector, botanical C. rauhii Venezuela. Páramos,see C. ramonae Siberia, Russia. Seybold, California 1997;R.Zander, F. Encke, G.BuchheimandS. tory ofSucculentPlants Hortus tus Palatinus Institute portrait collection graphical dictionaryofbotanistsrepresented intheHunt umes. Strawberry Press1995-1998.See T.W. Bossert, Steud.; V.N. Vassil., nom.illeg., non Calamagrostis Adanson Journal Exploration ofSouthern Africa Stuttgart 1993;Mary GunnandLeslieE.Codd,

purpurea . 48:75.1976,“UbereinigeinteressanteSukkulenten Gerstl.ex Rauschert; Gerstl.ex O.R.Heine; Gram. Uni Botanical Journal oftheLinneanSociety 68:212,219.1963. . 24:44-54.1992;GordonDouglas Rowley, Calamagrostis phragmitoides . vol. 10:225-226. 1996; Andrew Cowin, “The Calamagrostis poplawskae ihren Standorten Calamagrostis elata Tovar (fortheGermanbotanist Werner Rauh, Handwörterbuch derP (Steud.)Rúgolo) Escalona

Sukkulentenkunde

: Heidelberg’s Eight Wonder ofthe World.” in (Trin.) Trin.subsp. (Trin.) Trin.subsp. (Trin.) Trin.subsp. (Gerstl.ex Rauschert) G.C.S.Clarke; ﬂ . Sesqui (Torges) H.Scholz) Feddes Repertorium Phytologia . Strawberry Press,Mill Valley, . Berlin&Hamburg 1979and ﬂ . Calamagrostis purpurea 219.1824and . 325.1972; Blytt; . 7/8:108-127.1963, Calamagrostis pseudopur- Calamagrostis pseudopur- . 290.Cape Town 1981; Calamagrostis poaeoides

purpurea The EuphorbiaJournal

pseudopurpurea fl phragmitoides anzennamen Calamagrostis 65(5):342,f.3.1988. Hartm.) Roshev.; fl anzenkunde fi The Euphorbia elds, see Feddes Reper- Cact. Succ.J. 83(4):282. . 14. Au . Twovol- Deyeuxia

Botanical 76:361. (Hartm.)

fl (Gerstl. subsp. fi exuosa A His- 2:52. c and Neue Kak- Hor- Bio- fl , . 237. 1830, Plantarum See Peru. Southern America,Argentina, Stylagrostis phalaroides phalaroides Zuloaga &al.; mus spectabilis Chamaecalamus spectabilis cajatambensis Calamagrostis bromidioides nubigenum Botanique deFrance ium spectabile folium Brazil. See 1990, Jesuit) C. reitzii 1948 [1949]. from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Editio secunda tiques, PhysiquesetNaturelles. SecondePartie: Sciences de SaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. SciencesMathéma- 25. 1841, Griseb.; C. rigescens J. Presl; spectabilis scens Haenkeanae Méthodique, Botanique lium (J. Presl)Nees&Meyen; Kakteen Sukk. Poir.; oirs i Irving William Knobloch,compilation,“A preliminaryver- stricta zenwelt 1974; Calamagrostis naiguatensis stricta Deyeuxia pallens C. recta Prado” Peru. See 50(3): 122-124.2000) Subtrop. P 50: 19.1984; lens Species Plantarum Monographiae Mycologicae South America, Ecuador, Venezuela. See fi ed listofplantcollectorsinMexico.” . VI. 1983; . VI. (J.Presl)Steud.; Nees&Meyen; (J.Presl)Kuntze; Arundo stricta Kunth; Nees; Brittonia Timm; 65:19.1988; 11: 78.1960. (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud.( Agrostis chamaecalamus Agrostis jamesoniana Swallen (namedforPadre RaulinoReitz,1919- Memorias delMuseodeHistoriaNatural “Javier Mémoires del’AcadémieImpérialedesSciences (Nees&Meyen) Kuntze; 3:342.1808, fl Nees; Reise umdieErde Wedd.; Sellowia anzenwelt 1(4-5):249.1830, Bromidium rigescens (J.Presl)Scribn.( Pilg.; Nees&Meyen; 51(Heft11):294.2000; Deyeuxia sulcata J. Bromel. Soc. Trop. Subtrop. P 34:480.1982; 1:250-251.1840, Meyen; J.Presl; Calamagrostis humboldtiana Deyeuxia imberbis 1:144-146.1815[1816], Bromidium spectabile (Kunth) Poir., nom.illeg., non 7:11.1956. Calamagrostis imberbis 22:178,180.1875and Deyeuxia rigescens Calamagrostis stricta Icon. Orchid. 60:69.1987; Bromidium hygrometricum (Wedd.) Mez) Suppl.4:706.1816, Deyeuxia cajatambensis Deyeuxia recta Bromidium hygrometricum Bromidium rigescens Reliquiae Haenkeanae Meyen ex Nees; (Griseb.) Pilg.; Swallen; 105.1802, 1:456.1834, 35:116(-117).1985; Steud.; Trop. Subtrop. P fl Wedd.) Bromidium spectabile anzenwelt Trin.; Nomenclator Botanicus. var. var. fasc. 3(2):t.373.1999; Agrostis bromidioides Bulletin delaSociété Arundo recta Trop. Subtrop. P Bromidium rigescens Wedd.; Calamagrostis pal- Bromidium brevifo- rigescens Agrostis rigescens (J.Presl) Türpe; Phytologia Mem- Kunth; Revisio Generum var. var. Nova Genera et J. Bromel. Soc. (Timm) Koeler; no.10:15,f.8. Gramineae Calamagrostis (Wedd.) Pilg.; Contributions Chamaecala- Encyclopédie 29(6):262. Saccardoa: fl var. var. spectabile var. var. anzenwelt Deyeuxia Reliquiae ; Deyeuxia Steud.; Pilg.ex (Kunth) Bromid- 1(4-5): Arundo brevi- Trop. var. rige- fl var. 23- 415 an- ; Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC dan.” “Plantas medicinalesquelosindiosaraucanosrecomien- ceugenia “Descripción deunanueva especiechilenadelgénero Modling, Bestandsjubilaum desMissionhausesSt.Gabriel Wien- Entstehung und Verbreitung, in botanical collectorinChile,authorof Wissenschaften zuGöttingen 180. 1875, 1854, 156-157. 1843, Acad. Caes.Leop.-Carol. Nat.Cur. Naturelles 416 Generum Plantarum Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P Missouri BotanicalGarden era etSpeciesPlantarum Ecuador, Peru,Chile.Páramos,stony places,see pologist, P 3(25): 481.1889and 293. 1879, de France icae Australis Botanicus. Editiosecunda Méthodique, Botanique Acta HortiGothoburgensis 1908, 1927, from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 64, 73.1930, Flora of Tierra delFuego niana Griseb.; zengeographie C. rigida Botanical Garden 1962, 20. 1922, niana (Griseb.) D.M.Moore,nom.illeg., non sifolia Pilg.; nitidula nus; iro; Steud. ex Lechler; (Pilg.) Parodi; rigida tis gusindei (Wedd.) Pilg.,nom.illeg., non non Calamagrostis nitidula fl anzengeschichte undP Calamagrostis gracilis Calamagrostis gracilis Calamagrostis gusindei (Griseb.) Steud.ex Hitchc.; (Griseb.) Steud.ex Hitchc.; Deyeuxia antoniana Anthropos Kunth) (forMartinGusinde, 1886-1969,botanistand Sodiro; Monographs inSystematicBotanyfrom theMissouri Revista delColégioNacional Vicente Rocafuerte Mededeelingen van’s Rijks-Herbarium Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance var. var. Arundo rigida .” .” XLII, 667-669.1940) (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud.( 22:179.1875, Feddes Repertorium no.8, St.GabrielStudien,pp.401-499.1939, Abhandlungen derKöniglichen Gesellschaft der Anales delaUniversidad Central delEcuador Anales Univ. Chile 6,4(3-4): 365.1841, Revista Argentinade Agronomía macrantha 56.1857, Pilg.; 42(1):64-65.1908, Deyeuxia gracilis Deyeuxia nitidula Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum 31:55-873.1936;see 47:49.1994. Calamagrostis crassifolia 3(3):343.1898, Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik, (Kunth) Poir.; Suppl.4:705.1816, Calamagrostis nitidula var. var. 1:144.1815[1816], Pilg.; Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique Symbolae adFloram Argentinam (Griseb.) Parodi; 310.1983. 1:251.1840, Seenus; 2:29,36.1926, (Wedd.) Henrard,nom.illeg., fl 10:37.1899and Pilg.ex Skottsb.; anzengeographie fl 45:4.1938, elata anzengeschichte undP Calamagrostis gracilis Festschrift zum50jahrigen 24:293.1879, 140:307-312.1917and Wedd.; Calamagrostis sandiensis (Pilg.)Rúgolo; Calamagrostis antoniana Calamagrostis antoniana Botanisches Archiv Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Nova Acta 19(Suppl.1):23,155, Pilg.; Calamagrostis gracilis Annual Reportofthe Calamagrostis anto- Calamagrostis anto- Agrostis antoniana Deyeuxia gusindei American Anthro- Berberides Amer- Der Peyote Kult Deyeuxia cras- Calamagrostis Lilloa Hack. ex Sod- 40:61.1921, Contributions 20:14.1953, Encyclopédie Calamagros- Nomenclator 24(8):378. 42:68-71. Botanische Nova Gen- Deyeuxia 22:177, 31:134. 1:163. Revisio Pilg.; 1(1): See- Myr- fl 12: an- , Northern America, U.S.,Canada(BritishColumbia),Paci of Harvard University Tucker, graphical notesuponbotanists Oregon plantcollector; seeJohnHendley Barnhart, the American botanist William ConklinCusick,1842-1922, scens Munro ex Hook.; grostis suksdor Lilloa Vasey; C. rubescens Calamagrostis longearistata Calamagrostis longearistata C. rupestris in English:pinegrass,timbergrass angusta Calamagrostis suksdor Kearney; longearistata tis longearistata vidensis luxurians Calamagrostis aleutica Döll) Sodiro; spikelets 1- base, leaves erect,leafsheathssmoothbut slightlyhairy, Northwest. Perennial,slender, tufted,usuallyreddishatthe of theRocky Mountains Department of Agriculture 80-82. 1892, butions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Torrey BotanicalClub delphia Proceedings ofthe Academy ofNatural SciencesofPhila- montane forests,plains,openareas,drysagebrush leaves usedinthepreparationof“Indianicecream,” moist weave socksandmocassininsoles,inBritishColumbiathe creeping rhizomes,native pasturespecies,leaves usedto 28. 1883, of London grostis rosea C. rosea viridula Bor; sakademien 1906, 1904, and schaft der Wissenschaften zuGöttingen See South America. euxia rosea Anales delMuseoNacionaldeBuenos Aires Deyeuxia rosea (Buckley) Vasey; 31:122.1962, Anales delMuseoNacionaldeBuenos Aires Arkiv förBotanikutgivetavK.Svenska Vetenskap- Calamagrostis fasciculata 14:92.1862, Hack.; (Vasey) Kearney; var. var. Catalogue ofthelibrary ofthe Arnold Arboretum (Griseb.) Hack.( (Kearney) Rydb.; 23:345.1862, Botanical Gazette Calamagrostis suksdor fl Bor) 8:40.1908, Trin.( linearis oreted, Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology UnitedStates f. var. var. Buckley ( Deyeuxia heterophylla fi Deyeuxia colorata i var. var. typica Deyeuxia cusickii Calamagrostis beyrichiana var. var. minor Abhandlungen derKöniglichen Gesell- fl Hack.; (Griseb.) Türpe, nom.illeg., non owers borneinanarrow cluster, with . 1917-1933) Rhodora 15(1):9,pl.C,f.1-9.1888, suksdor Transactions oftheLinneanSociety fi var. var. Hack.; 1060.1917. i var. var. Deyeuxia suksdor Kämpf; longearistata The Grasses oftheUnitedStates Agrostis rosea 11:21-25,f.1.1898and Calamagrostis aleutica Kew Bulletin Calamagrostis cusickii Deyeuxia beyrichiana 10:244.1885, f. angusta (Wedd.) Hack.ex Sodiro; fi luxurians Calamagrostis sub 66:277.1964. . 1:407.Boston1965;E.M. pilosa i ; Calamagrostis rosea Deyeuxia aleutica Kearney; Beetle; Calamagrostis Adanson Vasey; Calamagrostis monte- fi Vasey; Kämpf; i var. var. (Scribn.)Scribn.; 19:253-254.1874 Kearney; 9(3):498.1954, ; Griseb.; Calamagrostis fi Deyeuxia rosea Deyeuxia rube- elatior i Calamagrostis Calamagrostis Bulletin ofthe Neesex Döll; Scribn.)(for Calamagros- (Neesex 11:109. 13:480. Calama- Calama- fl (Vasey) fl Wedd.; Contri- (Trin.) ats, see Trin.; exuosa 3(1): Flora var. Dey- Bio- fi c Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Steud.; secunda 1: 146.1815[1816], Mycologicae South America, Ecuador. See secunda Brazil, Bolivia. See Rúgolo) Deyeuxia longearistata Calamagrostis Adanson atik, P 1908, Repertorium SpecierumNovarum Regni Vegetabilis Universidad Central delEcuador 1875, Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance Flora Brasiliensis seuEnumeratio Plantarum C. scabri ium and 1830, nicas 79. 1930, Ecuador. Páramos,see C. scaberula Steud.; purascens Griseb.; C. sesqui Calamagrostis purpurascens purpurascens zengeschichte undP 712. 1898and C. secunda Calamagrostis purpurascens ture sion of Agrostology UnitedStatesDepartmentof Agricul- (Latin Kearney; Academy ofSciences,Series2, North America, U.S.See promontory”) C. scopulorum Aires 52(3): 108.1902, Argentina. See (Hack.) Türpe) C. sclerantha 260-261. 1948[1949]. tions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Venezuela. Swampy places,moistmeadows, see bakeri Deyeuxia sclerantha 29(6):261.1948[1949]. 11:33.1898and Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbar- 13:481.1906, “ Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda Revista delColégioNacional Vicente Rocafuerte Flora Brasiliensis Stebbins; scopulus, i Francisco Osorio fl Deyeuxia intermedia 1:250.1840, Pilg.; Calamagrostis stricta anzengeschichte undP Calamagrostis arctica fl Anuário Técnico doInstituto dePesquisas Zootéc- fl subsp. ora Calamagrostis scopulorum ora (Pilg.)Pilg.( 105.1802, Swallen ( subsp. Swallen Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P Hack.( (Trin.) Tzvelev ( M.E.Jones( Deyeuxia stricta Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift Calamagrostis scopulorum ‚ “arock,cliff, ”Greek arctica Anales delMuseoNacionaldeBuenos (Hack.)Rúgolo; fl Lilloa tasuensis anzengeographie De Graminibus Paniceis Rhodora Calamagrostis intermedia Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystem- Reliquiae Haenkeanae Wedd.; Calamagrostis spiciformis Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarum 2(3):53,t.16.1878, ” 2:610,613.1974[1975]. Nomenclator Botanicus.Editio (Vasey) Hultén; 31:138.1962. Proceedings oftheCalifornia Calamagrostis scopulorum Calamagrostis humboldtiana J.Presl) var. var. var. var. 5:722.1895, (Timm) Koeler; CalderandRoy L. Taylor; Vasey; 32:47.1930. Kunth) Accardoa: Monographiae Deyeuxia rupestris fl Avena sesqui arctica tasuensis anzengeographie 3(25):481.1889and Deyeuxia spiciformis 42:60.1908. Calamagrostis pur- var. var. (Vasey) Kearney; (Calder&Roy skopelos 22:176,180. Calamagrostis Bulletin, Divi- var. var. 2:401.1829, 1:250.1840 scopulorum 1(4-5):249. Anales dela fl 28.1826, ora Contribu- (J.Presl) Deyeuxia lucidula Hack.; (Trin.) 6:156. 25(5): (Trin.) “peak, 29(6): fl var. 12: an- ) var. var. Barnhart, Saint Pétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. v.]; see Publisher Petropoli, 1839[Mém. Acad. Pétersb. Sér. VI., plantarum novarum Soreng ( 1965, Rhodora 653. 1899and America forFarmers andStudents Partie: SciencesNaturelles Sciences Mathématiques,PhysiquesetNaturelles. Seconde ale desSciencesdeSaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. lin’s Narrative See North America. retum ofHarvard University E.M. Tucker, C. seti Rast. Sist. Vyss. 1389. 1965, 2: 74.1964, of Botany. Bulletin 4(13): 419.1852, Lundensis, n.s. culture Division of Agrostology UnitedStatesDepartmentof Agri- Kawano; Prob.; vaseyi author of explorer, botanicalcollectorin Alaska, China,Russia, Heinrich von Bongard, 1786-1839,physician, traveler, rum Beal; C. spicigera 178, 180.1875. L. Taylor) B.Boivin; Systematik, P South America, Bolivia. See Deyeuxia spicigera en Russie Esquisse historiquedestravaux surlabotaniqueentrepris [ France Bolivia, Peru.See Deyeuxia seti 1840, 247. 1830, C. spicigera “Javier Prado.” SerieB.Botánica 61. 1908, Saint Pétersbourg Trin.) (aftertheGermanbotanist August (Gustav) cephalotes Trisetum bongardii (Beal)M.E.Jones; Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique deFrance Le Naturaliste Canadien fl Calamagrostis urelytra 11:19.1898, 22:176,180.1875and Mémoires del’AcadémieImpérialedesSciences ora 30(359):220.1928[1929], Deyeuxia cephalotes Calamagrostis sesqui Observations surlavégétationdel’îleSitcha , etc.[ Biographical notesuponbotanists Publicaciones delMuseodeHistoriaNatural Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda (Wedd.) Pilg.( Acta PhytotaxonomicaetGeobotanica (J.Presl)Steud.( (J.Presl)Steud.var. fl fl Catalogue ofthelibrary ofthe Arnold Arbo- Canadian Journal ofBotany Contributions to Western Botany anzengeschichte undP 731.1823, ora 38(1):170-171.1942, (Wedd.) Rúgolo) 15:68.1979. Saint Pétersbourg U.S. Departmentof Agriculture. Division Wedd.) , 1833.Mém. Acad. Pétersb. Sér. VI., ii.], J.Presl; 13(2):t.55.1893, Botanical Appendix toCaptainFrank- Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique Bulletin del’HerbierBoissier Calamagrostis purpurascens Louis-Marie; Calamagrostis sesqui Mémoires del’AcadémieImpéri- Calamagrostis coronalis 4,2(1): 14.1836, . 1917-1933). Reliquiae Haenkeanae Deyeuxia subsimilis Hack.; Wedd.; fl 94(4):521.1967, Deyeuxia obtusata ora Botanische Jahrbücher für 4:157-246.1845;J.H. 32:6.1984. 2:344.1896, , 1834.],Descriptiones subsp. fl Calamagrostis vaseyi anzengeographie cephalotes Flora ArcticaURSS Deyeuxia spicigera Trisetum sesqui Acta Universitatis Grasses ofNorth urelytra 43(11):1388- . 1:217.1965; Flora Rossica 14:9.1912, fl ora Wedd.) (Wedd.) 22:177- Bulletin, (Hack.) Wedd.; 1:251. 21:80. Novosti 1(4-5): Tovar; (Trin.) 7(9): var. 417 42: fl o- . Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC water, athighaltitudes,see India, UttarPradesh;Nepal.Grows onsandysoil,near 1988) 1986, Bolivia. See 418 nom. illeg., non C. stricta Cytologia 33(1): 95.1984, 1949, India India, Sikkim; Tibet. Alpine grass,see ica non Singh; C. stoliczkai National Herbarium Ecuador. Páramos,see C. steyermarkii 2002. Taxon with Oleg Poluninwrote Adam Stainton,authorof C. staintonii Blumea Bulletin 7: 265.1896and tiques, PhysiquesetNaturelles de SaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. Sciences Mathéma- land, see grostis zenkeri panicles, lanceolatespikelets, stamens3,relatedto base, erect,sheathsacuminate,liguletoothed,spreading Asia, SriLanka.Perennial,caespitose,geniculateatthe Veldkamp) Macloskie; arundinacea Wahl.; C. spicigera National Herbarium 178, 179.1875and C. 22: 178,180.1875. Ecuador. See grostis ameghinoi tis ameghinoi Calamagrostis ameghinoi spruceana gera C. spruceana Bolivia. See

Bor) srilankensis Calamagrostis tibetica var. var. 7(22):262.1897[1896]and 33(1):94.1984, Bulletin ofBotanicalResearch Journal ofCytology andGenetics Calamagrostis tibetica 41(2):410.1996. 9:441,456.1954, Arundo neglecta spicigera (Timm) Koeler ( Mémoires del’AcadémieImpérialedesSciences 56:437-452.1991. Wedd.; Calamagrostis fuegiana (J.Presl)Steud.var. (Bor)G.Singh( Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance (L.)Roth; Reliquiae Haenkeanae Hook.f.( (Speg.) Hauman,nom.illeg., non Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance (Trin.) Davidse, growing inmontanegrass-

(Wedd.) Hack.ex Sodiro( Swallen Agrostis arundinacea Davidse ( Journal ofCytology andGenetics ) Deyeuxia toluccensis Handb. Fl.Ceylon (Speg.) Macloskie; 29(6):258-259.1948[1949]. 48:220.2003. Contributions from theUnitedStates Contributions from theUnited States Calamagrostis tibetica Acta Phytotax.Geobot. (Speg.) Macloskie; Ehrh.; Calamagrostis freticola Deyeuxia srilankensis Flowers oftheHimalaya Forests ofNepal (Bor)G.Singh; Agrostis arundinacea Kew Bulletin Fl. Ceylon Deyeuxia nepalensis (Bor)Keng f.,nom.illeg., 2:363.1841, spicigera Arundo stricta 1(4-5):247.1830. Speg.; Kew Bulletin 4(3):196.1984, L.; 5:265.1900, The Flora ofBritish 24:164-166.1989, 8:107-108.1994, Munroex Wedd.) 12(3):411.1958, Arundo lapponica ( , London1972, Calamagrostis Deyeuxia spici- Deyeuxia tibet- Calamagrostis Calamagros- Fl. Br. India (Davidse) (Bor)G. Deyeuxia 4(1):66. Bor)(for J.Presl, 53(1): 4. 21:155. Calama- Calama- (Speg.) Timm; , Delhi Taxon Kew 22: Buenos Aires 8(1,5,1): 193-194.1904, to Patagonia, 1896-1899, Volume viii,1[2],Botany 190. 1902, Museo NacionaldeHistoriaNatural deBuenos Aires 5. 1974[1975], agónica Historia Natural deBuenos Aires Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. 371. 1927, tions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Anales delaUniversidad deChile Anales delMuseoNacionaldeBuenos Aires Urban NordenhällandBenteEriksen,“Onsetof Reliquiae Haenkeanae 423. 1854, 4(13): 429.1852, logicae gata der Wetterau fernaldii Gilly, non(Munroex Hillebr.) A.S. Hitchc.; pansa hyperborea Calamagrostis Calamagrostis hyperborea cola haenkeana Kearney; neglecta hookeri grostis robertii (Timm) Griseb.; Calamagrostis magellanica Naturkunde tis neglecta (Ehrh.) Gaertn.; Florae Germanicae Europe; South America, Chile.Perennial,see Rúgolo) oides stricta C. in English:slimstemreedgrass 2005. study fromSwedishLapland.” and climatevariability inanalpinelandscape:a10-year Calamagrostis var. grostis americana Greene ( bins; Shear &Rydb.; Calamagrostis

stricta lacustris Speg.; (Kearney) Rydb.; (Steud.)Hack.; Calamagrostis A. Gray; A. (Timm) Tzvelev; 105.1802, Syme; 3:361.1978, Louis-Marie; Calamagrostis aculeolata (Ehrh.)Kunth; Calamagrostis

(Timm) Koeler subsp. Hitchc.; The ComitalFlora ofthe BritishIsles Reports ofthePrincetonUniversity Expeditions subsp. var. var. English Botany, thethird edition 6:137.1791, 1:94.1799, Kearney; Deyeuxia hookeri 21:103.1911,

canadensis hyperborea Deyeuxia ameghinoi A.E. Porsild; A.E. crassiglumis Darwiniana Calamagrostis neglecta Calamagrostis Calamagrostis poaeoides Calamagrostis stenodes (Vasey) Scribn.; neglecta Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Calamagrostis hookeri Révision desGraminées

canadensis Watsonia Calamagrostis neglecta 2(1):89.1789, 1(4-5):238.1830, Calamagrostis Calamagrostis Calamagrostis hyperborea 1965:30.1965,

hyperborea Calamagrostis neglecta Saccardoa: Monographiae Myco- (Michx.)Beauv. var. Kearney; Anales delMuseoNacionalde var. var. Langevar. ; Oekonomisch-Technische Flora Deyeuxia poaeoides Phil.; 21(2-4):439.1978, Thurb.; Calamagrostis neglecta Anales MuseoNacionalde 20:51-60.1994,UlfMolau, (Syme)Druce; hyperborea Calamagrostis stricta

inexpansa var. var. Am. J. Bot. inexpansa 29:57.1917, 94:20.1896and

(Hack.)Ohwi; Calamagrostis Adanson Calamagrostis breviseta Calamagrostis neglecta chordorrhiza var. var. Speg.; Calamagrostis

Calamagrostis elon- acuminata californica

auct.; expansa americana elongata Nature Canada Steud.;

; var. var. (Syme)Druce; 5:85,87.1896, (A. Gray)C.W. Calamagrostis Calamagrostis Deyeuxia freti- Beiträge zur Flora Rossica 11:56.1873, 92:422-431. 1:76.1829, Calamagros- var. var. Rickett & arcta 352.1932, var. var. Flora Pat- Vaseyex barbulata Contribu- Kearney; (Steud.) Tentamen Kearney; Porsild; ﬂ Deyeuxia Calama- Calama- (Vasey) owering Lange; 24(8): subsp. Anales stricta

Steb- poae- inex- var. 1: 7: 4: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC ertii (Kearney) Fernald& Wiegand; (A. Gray)M.E.Jones; Calamagrostis stricta tris stricta euxia americana robusta var. var. ilis (Lange) M.E.Jones; (Thurb.) Beal; Gray) Tzvelev; (Thurb.) Vasey; tris ney) Lunell; (Lange) Lunell; Genera Graminum Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie Northern America, Canada,U.S.Perennial,swamps, see Calamagrostis Kearney; Calamagrostis Adanson euxia glomerata and Cyperaceae neglecta Lunell; Calamagrostis Stebbins; Catalogue ofCanadianPlants Calamagrostis inexpansa any 6: 285.1878[1879], in Charge ofFirst Lieut.Geo.M. Wheeler …vol.vi—Botany Geographical Surveys West oftheOneHundredth Meridian, Gazette Botanical Club National Herbarium 1913, An Illustrated Flora oftheNorthernUnitedStates 210. 1906, de l’HerbierBoissier Department of Agriculture 1897, Agrostology UnitedStatesDepartmentof Agriculture Farmers andStudents 1917, uralist Rhodora de laSociétéBotaniqueFrance versity Contributions from the Arnold Arboretum ofHarvard Uni- ical Club et Geobotanica Stebbins; (Kearney) Nash; (Kearney) C.W. Greene; 2:281.1880, lacustris Porsild; Rhodora American MidlandNaturalist var. var. 4:218.1915, 4:9-10.1943, Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology UnitedStates Vasey; 16:288.1891, Deyeuxia neglecta var. var. 32:45,48,50,56.1930, 69:464.1942, Calamagrostis brevior Calamagrostis inexpansa Contributions to Western Botany Deyeuxia hyperborea (Kearney) A.S. Hitchc.; robusta Calamagrostis neglecta

15(175):135.1913,

labradorica 5:41.1894, 2:278.1933, Calamagrostis robusta Calamagrostis wyomingensis Deyeuxia elongata Calamagrostis neglecta inexpansa Vasey ex Macoun; 1:20.1834, Deyeuxia hyperborea Calamagrostis neglecta (Vasey) Lunell; The Grasses oftheUnited States Vasey; 5.1819, 3(1):82.1892, Calamagrostis Calamagrostis neglecta Vasey) Geological Survey ofCalifornia, Bot- var. var. 7(9):652.1899and Flora oftheRocky Mountains Rhodora Calamagrostis pickeringii 2:353.1896, Contributions from theUnited States

Calamagrostis var. var. var. var. aculeolata 11:25-26,37-41.1898, inexpansa var. var. Kearney; Sargentia: Continuation ofthe Grasses ofNorth America for North American Gramineae North American Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botan- 46:290,pl.836,f.4.1944, 2(4):206.1888, Report UponUnitedStates americana Calamagrostis stricta robusta Calamagrostis novae-angliae 66(7):299.1919[1920], var. var. (Kearney) Lunell; American MidlandNat- Deyeuxia crassiglumis

5:233.1918, Acta Phytotaxonomica var. var. Hack.; Memoirs ofthe Torrey lapponica Calamagrostis subsp. Deyeuxia hyperborea 15,152,157.1812, var. var. Bulletin, Divisionof Calamagrostis (Vasey) Stebbins; stenodes var. var. var. var.

(Vasey) Vasey; var. var. stricta Vasey; brevior elongata Rhodora Calamagrostis var. var. inexpansa 14:9.1912, Gand.; crassiglumis var. var. inexpansa

hyperborea var. var. var. var. Stebbins; (Kearney) pickeringii inexpansa 28.1883, Botanical Deyeuxia (Vasey) 1:208. Bulletin Bulletin (Kear- brevip- 8(95):

debilis 1060. 5:27. lacus- lacus-

var. Dey- Dey- rob- (A. ; tions to Western Botany Museo NacionaldeBuenos Aires la SociétéBotaniquedeFrance States Departmentof Agriculture 652. 1899and Flora Patagónica f 23.1930, 236. 1963, Neighboring Regions ture sion of Agrostology UnitedStatesDepartmentof Agricul- 1799, 1791, meadows, underpines,see Northern America, Canada,U.S.,Europe.Perennial,in Vasey) Deyeuxia suka C. suka in English:slimstemreedgrass Hengduan Mountains 423. 1854, 4(13): 429.1852, poaeoides Vasey; neglecta Macoun; Calamagrostis stricta dattoi Ehrh.; C. stricta in English:Northernreedgrass 1984. kolgujewensis auct.; nom. illeg., non stricta neglecta aculeolata neglecta (Ehrh.) P.G. Gaertn.,B.Mey. &Scherb.; lis Calamagrostis neglecta micrantha Scribn. ex Kearney; subsp. Calamagrostis neglecta Calamagrostis neglecta (Kearney) Stebbins; Zlaki SSSR Calamagrostis praerupta tis ochotensis Calamagrostis micrantha tis lucida (Scribn.)Scribn.; 11:34,36.1898, Golub; (Timm) Tzvelev; Révision desGraminées Oekonomisch-Technische Flora der Wetterau Calamagrostis jacutensis Arundo stricta Speg. ( Deyeuxia neglecta micrantha (Ehrh.)Kunth; subsp. (Ehrh.)Gaertn.; Deyeuxia micrantha (Timm) Koeler subsp. var. var. Scribn.; (Hack.) T. Koyama; (Steud.)Rúgolo; 310.1976, Botanical Gazette Rhodora Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. V. Vassil.; Calamagrostis stricta Gand.; (Speg.) Parodi) Calamagrostis sukatschewii sierrae Calamagrostis laxi Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology United neglecta 3:361.1978, (Kearney) Tzvelev; Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Calamagrostis 32:55.1930, Calamagrostis neglecta Calamagrostis micrantha 496.1987, 2:2239.1994. Calamagrostis neglecta M.E.Jones; American Journal ofBotany Timm; Bulletin del’HerbierBoissier var. var. 14:9.1912, var. var. Calamagrostis laxi Calamagrostis var. var. Deyeuxia neglecta ; V. Vassil.; Calamagrostis poaeoides var. var. var. var. var. var. Beiträge zurNaturkunde Calamagrostis neglecta Calamagrostis neglecta wrightii 11:175.1886, (Kearney) L.Liou; stricta 1:76.1829, poaeoides Deyeuxia vancouverensis Calamagrostis hyperborea 56:533.1909, gracilis micrantha stricta 21:103.1911, Grasses ofJapan andits 30:8.1901, Petrov; stricta Calamagrostis neglecta Feddes Repertorium ﬂ

Vascular Plantsofthe Calamagrostis neglecta neglecta Kearney; var. var. ora Flora Iakutiae ; Calamagrostis rever- 1965:29-30.1965,

Deyeuxia borealis Phil.; (Timm) Griseb.; neglecta Scribn.; ( aculeolata (Steud.)Hack.; Arundo neglecta ; (Popl.)Roshev.; Calamagrostis var. var. fl var. var. Calamagrostis Calamagrostis Calamagrostis var. var. Bulletin, Divi- Flora Rossica ora Calamagros- var. var. Calamagros- Bulletin de var. var. Kearney; Anales del Kearney, micrantha Contribu- brevifolia Deyeuxia Deyeuxia neglecta 71:286. Steud.; 1:214, gracilis subsp. subsp. 6:137. Hack.; 1:94. graci- 7(9): 68: 419 1: ; Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC the American West Michigan Herbarium), 1992] generaleditor William R. Anderson, University of 1984; vol. 13,1993;vol. 14,1983;vol. 15,1989;vol. 17, Vascular Plantsof Western Mexico. 1972, Brief Itinerary.” Work inMexico: The Numberingofhis Collectionsanda Mich. Herb Nueva Galiciafrom1790tothepresenttime.” of America, hiswritingsinclude“Botanicalexploration in barium, 1977Merit Award Winner oftheBotanicalSociety of botany, CuratorEmeritusofUniversity ofMichigan Her- 1909, traveler, plantcollector, lichenologist,andprofessor (dedicated tothe American botanistRogersMcVaugh, b. Ecuador. See C. teretifolia South America. tarmensis P Aires Bolivia, Peru.See Villavicencio) C. Deyeuxia junciformis mcvaughei C. tarmensis States NationalHerbarium P Aires See South America. (Pilg.) X. Villavicencio) Calamagrostis junciformis (Pilg.) Sodiro; Hack.; C. tarmensis grostis tarijensis ( C. tarmensis Vicente Rocafuerte sakademien 1908, Willd. ex Steud.; Arundo cuspidata de Agronomía Buenos Aires Chile. See 420 nte Rocafuerte sakademien 1908, (Kunth) Poir.; pidata Calamagrostis rosea fl fl

anzengeschichte undP anzengeschichte undP tolucensis 11:109.1904, 11:109.1904, Flora Novo-Galiciana Willd. ex Spreng.; Arkiv förBotanikutgivetavK.Svenska Vetenskap- Arkiv förBotanikutgivetavK.Svenska Vetenskap- Calamagrostis tarijensis ) Sohns; Anales MuseoNacionaldeHistoriaNatural de 8:40.1908, 8:40.1908, . 9(3):205-357.1972,“Galeotti’s Botanical Pilg.var. Laegaard Pilg.( 5:86,t.4,f.8.1896and

Novon 20:14.1953, Pilg.var. (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud.( Arundo tolucensis 12:81.1930, Deyeuxia tarmensis Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb Pilg.; (Spreng.)Schult.; . University ofOklahomaPress,Norman 12:81.1930. Agrostis junciformis Anales delMuseoNacionaldeBuenos Calamagrostis rosea 8(1):27,f.1E.1988. Anales delMuseoNacionaldeBuenos Calamagrostis sesquitri Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Kunth; var. var. tarmensis Edward Palmer, PlantExplorer of Deyeuxia tarmensis Revista delColégioNacional Vice- Calamagrostis cuspidata (Kunth) Steud.; macrochaeta 48:222.2003. fl fl Revista delColégioNacional macrochaeta : anzengeographie anzengeographie Contributions from theUnited Darwiniana A Descriptive Account ofthe Deyeuxia tolucensis Pilg.; (Kunth) Poir.; ( var. var. Deyeuxia tarmensis [vol. 5,1987;vol. 12, Arundo junciformis Deyeuxia tarmensis tarijensis Willd. ex Steud.; Agrostis cuspidata var. var. (Hack.)Soreng Revista Argentina Hack.; 21:436.1978. . 11(5):291-297. var. var. Calamagrostis fl macrochaeta 42:70-71. 42:70-71. Contr. Univ. ora Avena cus- (Pilg.)X. tarijensis Spreng.; Calama- Steud.; Kunth) var. bloch, compilation,“A preliminaryveri Plants ofMexico man, New York BotanicalGarden.278.1973;IdaKaplanLang- index tothecorrespondence ofJohn Torrey al., Hunt Instituteportrait collection Biographical dictionaryofbotanistsrepresented inthe notes uponbotanists Science Bulletin34.1953.SeeJ.H.Barnhart, Oliver Atkins Farwell, 1867-1944.CranbrookInstituteof Farwelliana Cain (1902-1955)andDaleJ.Hagenah(1908-1971)wrote Univ. Mich. Herb 1956 and“CompositarumMexicanarum Pugillus.” C. tweedyi United StatesNationalHerbarium in thePaci U.S. and Virginia, inthe Yellowstone area,Montana,and Frank Tweedy, 1854-1937,botanicalcollector in Western de France South America, Peru.See Wedd.) C. trichodonta the Washington Academy ofSciences Revisio GenerumPlantarum 1990) Trans-Continental Survey, 1883 The GoodeDiary: A Personal Journal oftheNorthern 9: 183-185.1890;RichardUrquhart Goode(1858-1903) Texas.” plants collectedbyMr. Frank Tweedy in Tom GreeneCo., Britton, “Contributions to Texas botany: Noteonsome Arnold Arboretum ofHarvard University 411. 1965;E.M. Tucker, see J.H.Barnhart, logical Service,1886wrotethe ming, topographicengineer, 1884-1915withtheU.S.Geo- 1840, Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda decima sexta the Sesse&MocinoExpedition logia with new introductionbyRogersMcVaugh.) 1970; enumerat novasque describit). London1839-1857.(Reprint, gianas imprimisMexicanas adjectisnonnullisGrahamianis George Bentham, nique 1: 143-144.1815[1816], Bolivia, Mexico. See Botanical Documentation,Pittsburgh (U.S.)Spring2000) to Relevant Scienti collectors inMexico.” Catalog ofthemanuscriptandarchival collectionsand 79:35.1996;RogersMcVaugh, Suppl.4:705.1816, A SelectedGuidetotheLiterature ontheFlowering Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Transactions oftheNew York Academy ofSciences 22:176,180.1875and (Scribn.)Scribn.( fi : anaccountofthelifeandbotanicalwork of c Northwest,1893-1896Coloradoand Wyo- 1:252-253.1825, (Wedd.) Soreng( . Philadelphia1964;Irving William Kno- . 9(4):361-484.1972,withStanley Adair Plantae Hartwegianae fi Biographical notesuponbotanists c NamesofPlants . 2:433.Boston1965; T.W. Bossert, Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarum Phytologia Memoirs Encyclopédie Méthodique, Bota- Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique Catalogue ofthelibrary ofthe Deyeuxia tweedyi 3:345.1898and Systema Vegetabilium,editio (1787-1803). VII, fi . 261.1972;S.Lenley et . C.W. Tazewell, editor. rst Mantissa 48:223.2003. Calamagrostis Adanson Contributions from the Deyeuxia trichodonta 46:382.1956. fl Botanical Resultsof ora of Yellowstone; . HuntInstitutefor . 1917-1933;N.L. (PlantasHartwe- fi 1:40-41,251. ed listofplant 1:190.1854, . Libraryofthe 3:604.1827, Biographical Scribn.)(for . VI. 1983; . VI. Journal of A Guide Phyto- Contr. . 3: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Europe. See C. 1975. Phil.; (E. Desv.) R.E.Fr., nom.illeg., non C. velutina Europe. euxia varia Calamagrostis velutina Steud.; nom. illeg., non sans; ( Botany Rossica C. varia Plant BiosystematistsNewsletter 2: 128.1806, Europe. Usefulforerosioncontrol,see Host; Calamagrostis varia secunda See South America. C. 1956. Academy ofSciences North America, Mexico. See grostis vicunarum tis spiciformis C. vicunarum 176. 1905. Acta Regiae SocietatisScientiarumUpsaliensis 1): 147-148.1843, Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes.Leop.-Carol. Nat.Cur. E. Desv.; grostis montana C. valida Herbarium 10: 64.1883, America, U.S.See Calamagrostis Adanson Calamagrostis vicunarum odes vicunarum var. var. tis vicunarum Calamagrostis vicunarum var. euxia vicunarum pulvinata Pilg.; var. var. Calamagrostis varia

varia varia vicunarum tenuifolia Kuntze; major Calamagrostis varia Deyeuxia varia Calamagrostis velutina 2:280.1880and Calamagrostis vicunarum 4(13):427.1852, Calamagrostis velutina 1:251.1840,

(Schrad.) Hostsubsp.

Sohns( (Hack.) Türpe; (Schrad.) Host( Deyeuxia velutina (Schrad.) Hostsubsp. var. var. (Nees&Meyen) Steud. ( Pilg.; 3(1):83.1892. subsp. Candollea Contributions from theUnitedStatesNational Calamagrostis pulvinata var. var. Wedd.) (Wedd.) Pilg.( Révision desGraminées ; Deyeuxia minima humilior var. var. var. var. Calamagrostis velutina Host; Calamagrostis mcvaughei Calamagrostis vicunarum tenuior corsica Flora Chilena Bulletin ofthe Torrey BotanicalClub var. var. Bol.ex Thurb.; subsp. (Schrad.)Kunth) 46(12):382,385,f.39-46,47-55. major Gramineae 29(1):45.1974, var. var. acutifolia Nomenclator Botanicus.Editio Pilg.; Deyeuxia vicunarum var. var. var. var. Calamagrostis sylvatica Pilg.; var. var. Arundo varia Geological Survey ofCalifornia, (Hack.ex Briq.)Kerguélen) elatior Nees&Meyen) International Organization of corsica Wedd.; velutina (Nees&Meyen) Hauman, tenuifolia corsica Calamagrostis pentapogon- Journal ofthe Washington varia var. var. abscondita Calamagrostis vicunarum 24:15-19.1995. Calamagrostis vicunarum (Pilg.)Rúgolo;

15-16.1841, 6:322.1854and Pilg.; Hack.ex Buchtien; Calamagrostis chilensis corsica (Hack.ex Briq.)Gami- Calamagrostis chilensis var. var. breviculmis ; Deyeuxia vicunarum Hack.ex Briq.; Hack.; Calamagrostis varia 1:76.1829, Pilg.; Deyeuxia chilensis Schrad.; (Nees&Meyen) Lejeunia Flora Germanica setulosa Pilg.;

Calamagrostis Sohns) (Hack.) Rouy var. var. Calamagros- Calamagros- Wedd.; 19(Suppl. Nova Acta Hauman; IV. 1(1): Deyeuxia 75:133. Calama- Calama- minima Pilg.; Host; Flora Nova Dey- Dey- (Poir.) Kunth; Steud.; Deyeuxia splendens (Nees) Kämpf; (Nees) Cabrera&Rúgolo; C. America. C. violacea America. (Rúgolo &X. Villavicencio) Soreng dens t. 4,f.B.1-4.1911, 1910, 62-63. 1908, Poir.; C. 31: 132.1962. C. violacea National Herbarium Bolivia dens montevidensis France See South America. lacea C. violacea 89: 346-351.2002. toliths: anew toolinpalaeoecologicalstudies.” Ammann, “Aluminum intheopalsilicareticule ofphy- nelli, MarcoMadella,Jean-Paul Theurillat andBrigitta tis Comenianae, Botanica Europe. See 6: 271.1804, moist sandysites,see bunchgrass, erect,awns recurved andsubapical,growing in South America, southernBrazilto Argentina. Perennial Roem. &Schult.) des Graminées Systematik, P Buenos Aires tarum nique deFrance Argentina, Bolivia, Peru.See 1840, 401. 1829, 23. 1829, C. rio nico doInstitutodePesquisas Zootécnicas Provincia deBuenos Aires montevidensis Kämpf (

viridi ” 2:625.1974[1975]. villosa viridi (Brongn.)Steud.; (Brongn.ex Duperrey) Steud.; (Wedd.) Hitchc.; 3(2):344.1898and Anales delMuseoNacionaldeBuenos Aires Calamagrostis montevidensis Flora Brasiliensis 22:179.1875and 1:75.1910, Calamagrostis viridi ﬂ Calamagrostis montevidensis ﬂ avescens

avescens Flora Brasiliensis seuEnumeratio Plantarum (Chaix.) Gmelin (Wedd.) Hack.ex Buchtien( Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda (Wedd.) Hack.ex Buchtienvar. (Wedd.) Hack.ex Buchtienvar. Acta Facultatis RerumNaturalium Universita- ﬂ 13:481.1906, Contribuciones alaFlora deBolivia Systema Vegetabilium var. var. var. var. Deyeuxia viridi anzengeschichte undP 1:77.1829, 22:177,180.1875, Deyeuxia splendens

montevidensis

(Poir.) Steud.var. ampli (Poir.) Steud.( 24(8):377.1927. Bot. Centralbl. Brongn.; Contributions from the UnitedStates Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique Deyeuxia violacea Calamagrostis viridescens 2(3):54.1878and fl 34:3-20.1987, Adriana L.Car- ora 4(2):219.1970, Anales delMuseoNacionalde Contribuciones alaFlora de Donax viridi fl Voyage Autour duMonde fl Döll; avescens Bulletin delaSociétéBota- avescens Botanische Jahrbücher für Deyeuxia viridi ; Calamagrostis splendens Arundo viridi 2:601.1817, Revisio GenerumPlan- Brongn.ex Duperrey; Nees; 120: 548.1912,

fl montevidensis Calamagrostis splen- Calamagrostis splen- Nees; anzengeographie var. var. var. var. Calamagrostis vio- fl Wedd.) “ avescens Francisco Oso- Calamagrostis Calamagrostis montevidensis montevidensis violacea Anuário Téc- Flora dela Am. J. Bot. fl fl puberula avescens avescens 21:104, Révision 1:251. (Poir.) (Poir.)

1:75. (Nees) Lilloa 421 42: 2: 2: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Calamagrostis nemoralis grostis nemoralis la Universidad deChile See South America. Kuntze; C. viridis Flora Brasiliensis See Southern America. C. tologia Guatemala, Quezaltenango, Volcán SantaMaria.See C. vulcanica United StatesNationalHerbarium Plantarum Mathématiques, PhysiquesetNaturelles Sciences deSaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. Sciences Asia, India.See euxia zenkeri euxia viridi C. “ Anuário Técnico doInstituto dePesquisas Zootécnicas Flora delaProvincia deBuenos Aires Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda Flora Brasiliensis seuEnumeratio Plantarum C. zenkeri 1915. Proceedings oftheRoyalSocietyNew Zealand New ZealandInstitute ( sexta for erosioncontrol,see Southern America, Paraguay. Perennial,palatable,useful montevidensis C. Singapore Kew Bulletin Br. India Zealand New ZealandFlora New Zealand.Found in dryhillsides,see (Hook.f.) J.Buchanan) dens Deyeuxia splendens Calamagrostis youngii (Brongn.) Steud.; 422 youngii (Schrad.) DC.; Calamagrostis trinii acuti cea Calamagrostis montevidensis Francisco Osorio x

(L.)Rothx youngii viridi Brongn.; fl 1:254.1825, acuti ora 4(7):424.1953. var. var. 11.1880and Deyeuxia viridis 7:265.1896and fl Schrad.; (Phil.)Soreng( 37(2):219.1984[1985]. fl (Trin.) Davidse ( 3(3):344.1898and avescens fl ( ora avescens Swallen (Trin.) Veldkamp) 9:441,456.1954, Hook.f.) Petrie( (Nees)Cabrera&Rúgolo) petriei Deyeuxia viridi (Schrad.)Rchb. ( Deyeuxia acuti Calamagrostis epigejos Mémoires del’AcadémieImpérialedes 2(3):54.1878. Deyeuxia ” 2:625.1974[1975]. Phil.; Calamagrostis acuti 330.1864, Brongn.ex Duperrey; Voyage Autour duMonde

Linnaea (Hack.)Petrie; Rupr.; (Poir.) Steud.var. (Poir.) Kunth var. Transactions andProceedings ofthe Systema Vegetabilium, editiodecima Révision desGraminées 35:380.1903, (Hook.f.)Skeels; Kuntze, nom.illeg., non Phil.) 94:18.1896, Handb. Fl.Ceylon Calamagrostis nemoralis Deyeuxia nemoralis fl Agrostis zenkeri 33(3-4):288.1865, avescens Calamagrostis fl var. var. fl Indigenous Grasses ofNew avescens Agrostis youngii ora Calamagrostis arundina- 48:225.2003. Contributions from the (Schrad.)P. Beauv.) The Gardens’ Bulletin ampli fl Clarion ex Spreng.; (L.)Roth)( Deyeuxia youngii ora 1:251.1840and (Poir.) Kunth var. 2:363.1841, viridi 4(2):219.1970, Transactions and

Revisio Generum fl Handbook ofthe viridi Deyeuxia splen- ora (Schrad.)DC.; Calamagrostis Trinius; 5:265.1900, x 2:401.1829, 2:23.1829, fl Döll; 1:77.1829, avescens fl Phil.ex acuti Hook.f.; Anales de avescens Calama- 47:57. Arundo Phil.; fl Dey- Dey- Phy- ora Fl. ) Rchb., 41: 35,117,195.2001. Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 1934, 1877 and Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance 1967, 1964, 109-112. 1956, 3, 3:2715.1907, See stographie Fourn., see Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,type grass.” 46: 68-69,144.2003. Contributions from the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Suksd. ex Beal; lactea Greek Calamochloa E.Fourn. Ammophila x CalammophilaBrand Plantarum Panicoideae, Andropogoneae, Ischaeminae,see Calamina P. Beauv. Suksd. ex Beal; (Suksd. ex Beal)Kearney; 15, 152,157.1812, America, U.S.See Beiträge zurP 160. 1812, 1: 217.1806, Eurasia, Siberia,Europe.Ornamental,see C. in English:featherreedgrass 1845. 2: 346.1896[also 1824, Calamagrostis nutkaensis States Departmentof Agriculture 2: 346.1896], Botanische Monatsschrift of thePaci x Synopsis derDeutschen undSchweizer Flora lactea (Suksd.ex Beal)C.L.Hitchc.; Bulletin ofthe Torrey BotanicalClub Grasses ofNorth America forFarmers andStudents Journal ofthe Washington Academy ofSciences Kew Bulletin kalamos Eufournia 128,157.1812and The Families ofFloweringPlants fi Flore Française. Troisième Édition 1:82.1753, x Conspectus Regnum Vegetabilis Suskd.ex Beal( c Northwest Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie Calamagrostis fl “reed”and anzenkunde desRussischen Reiches American Journal ofBotany Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology United Deyeuxia lactea Genera Graminum Grasses ofNorth America Calamagrostis langsdor 18(2):272.1965, Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie Reeder, Gram. Uni 1:524.1969. 19(6):92.1901, ) ( = Deyeuxia lactea Essai d’uneNouvelle Agro- Calamagrostis canadensis . Apluda chloe, chloa Calamagrostis canadensis = Regnum Veg. Sohnsia fl 11:28.1898and (Suksd.ex Beal)Suksd.) . Sesqui Calamochloe Calamochloa 374.1986. Calamagrostis lactea L. Calamina P. Beauv. Brittonia fl Airy Shaw Airy Flora Germanica . (Suksd.ex Beal) 225,t.4,f.10. “grass,young 94:1-17.1967, Vascular Plants … Pars I.1828, 127:20.1993, fi second edition 24:177-178. 51:453-463. i 2:199-229. 5: 255.1815, var. var. fi 19:244. Deutsche lifolia 44,152, edition Species 4:36. lactea var. 46: E. x Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC etabilis Brasiliensis 2003. from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium (Gramineae).” 1994, Arundinella 774. 1994,J.F. Veldkamp, “Namechangesin 1: 88.1949, See 1 ceolate, solitaryspikelets laterally compressed andkeeled, panicle openorcontracted,spikelets pedicellateandlan- leaf blades shortly rhizomatous,auriclesabsent,ligulealineofhairs, solitary, herbaceous,coarse, caespitose,solidinternodes, Sporobolinae, perennial,erectorslightlyascending,thick, ridoideae, Eragrostideae,orChloridoideae,Zoysieae, About 4-5species,North America, southwesternU.S.Chlo- Vegetabilis SystemaNaturale oires duMuséumd’Histoire Naturelle ganzen UmfangderP see Panicoideae, Arundinelleae, grass.” Botany oftheNorthernUnitedStates (Torr.) Hack.ex Scribn.&Southw., see sandy prairies,edgeofswamps, type sandy areas,marshy sites,openhabitats,inlanddunes, stigmas 2,usedforreclamationandrevegetation, foundin hairy, 2freelodiculestruncate,stamens3,ovary glabrous, awnless, lemma1-nerved andawnless, callusbearded,palea From theGreek Calamovilfa (A.Gray)Hack. Ammophila x CalamophilaO.Schwarz Greek Cruciferae), Goldbachia Calamochloe Reichb. Calamochloe Reichb. Grasses barium 1967, 1966, Southern Appalachian BotanicalSociety]31(2):145-152. Calamovilfa tonia (A. Gray)Hack.ex Scribn.&Southw. fl oret perspikelet, 2unequalglumes membranousand Mitteilung der Thüringischen Botanischen Gesellschaft 12:71-77.1960,J.W. Thieret, “Synopsisofthegenus Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGarden Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- Bulletin ofthe Torrey BotanicalClub 41:35-36.2001, 52.1828and kalamos 113.1890and x 36-37,t.1,f.3.1823, fi (Gramineae).” Genera Graminum liform tolinearandpointed,plantsbisexual, , DC.(Brassicaceae,alt. Calamagrostis Goldbachia Blumea “reed”and Deyeuxia kalamos fl 41:407-411.1996, Flora Mesoamericana U.S.D.A. Bull. anzenkunde “reed”plusthegenus Restoration Ecology , = Castanea . Helictotrichon Trin. 2:577.1821, chloe, chloa Arundinella 374.1986. Neue Entdeckungen im 2:42,81.1820, Conspectus Regni Veg- Calamovilfa brevipilis [TheJournalofthe 772: 126.1920, 7:242.1821, = 582.1848, Calamovilfa A Manualofthe “grass,young 46:111-113. 94:199-200. Contributions Agrostogra Raddi, 6:377-378. 9(1):60-70. , Vilfa 81(4):768- Tripogon Agrostis Adans. Mém- Regni Brit- True

fi a , blades broadandtaperingtoavery tufted, mayrootatthenodes,formingdensecolonies,leaf North America. Perennial,herbaceous,erect, glabrous, C. arcuata Species New Phytologist Psammochloa villosa Yu, MingDongandBertilKrüsi,“Clonalintegration helps tic coastaldunes.” and Minnesota onthe West. Liberty, Va., 1873.SeeJ.H.Barn- ginia andKentucky ontheSouth,andMissouri,Iowa and Northeastern portionofthe United States mous andvascularcryptogamous plantsofCanadaandthe 1905 in West Indies,authorof Arkansas, 1884-1899Florida, Virginia andGeorgia, 1902- collector, associatedwithUSDA, 1881-1886 Texas and botanist Allen HiramCurtiss,1845-1907,traveler, botanical Calamagrostis curtissii Calamovilfa brevipilis C. curtissii in English:pinebarrensandreed 4. 1939. States and MiddleStates vilfa brevipilis responsible for Mar 2001,Jean-MichelGagnéandGillesHoule,“Factors of theUnitedStates 4: 24.1809, edges, see to drypinebarrens,savannah, sandyswamps, bogs,swamp acuminate andpubescent,paleasgrows inmoist to spreadingbranches,straightandacuteglumes,lemmas bases ofthefoliageleaves, openpanicleswithascending North America. Perennial,shortlyrhizomatous,persistent ground stems,openpanicles,in persistent basesofthefoliageleaves, horizontalunder- free, liguleashortfringeofhairs,shortlyrhizomatous, brevipilis fertile fi and spreading,spikelets ventrally compressed,2glumes Benth. ex Vasey; open rocky seasonally cent, 2featherystigmas,grows alongstreamsandrivers, C. brevipilis in English:Cumberlandsandreed 1-2. 1970. purpletop ( could beconfusedwithswitchgrass( brevipilis rm andunequal,glumesusuallyarcuateacute,4to8 Leymus mollis 29.1883and fl orets, lemmasarcuateandpubescent,paleaspubes- (Torr.) L.C.Beck; ; Icones etDescriptionesGraminum Austriacorum K.E.Rogers Tridens Calamovilfa brevipilis (Vasey) Scribn.( (Torr.) Scribn.( A Flora oftheNorthernandMiddleSections var. var. 162(3):697-704.June2004. Honckenya peploides (Poaceae)spatialsegregation onsubarc- 401.1833, Arundo brevipilis fl Am. J. Bot. typica 1:95.1823, avus Rhodora survive sandburial inaninlanddune.” var. var. fl (Vasey) Vasey) (forthe American owing streams,rocky stream bed, ), see Fernald) heterolepis 41:501-502,pl.573,f.1-2, Ammophila brevipilis Ammophila curtissii Calamovilfa brevipilis Catalogue ofthephænoga- Rhodora The Grasses oftheUnited 89: 479-485.2002,Feihai fl orescence brancheserect var. var. Botany oftheNorthern fi Torr.; ne tip,sheathmargins Panicum virgatum (Caryophyllaceae) Fernald; 72(789):72-79,f. calvipes , including Vir- Calamagrostis Fernald; Calamo- Vasey; (Torr.) var. 423 ) or Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC mas straightandpubescent,grows inmoist icles contractedwitherectbranches,glumesstraight,lem- North America. Rare,perennial,shortlyrhizomatous, pan- 1874) Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance Departments oftheBritishMuseum History ofthecollectionscontainedinNatural History Nebst Aufzählung seinerSammlungen Botanischen MuseumszuBerlin-Dahlem(1815-1913). 35. Berlin1902;IgnatzUrban, Ignatz Urban(1848-1931),editor, hart, 424 gigantea C. gigantea in English:Floridasandreed culture Division of Agrostology UnitedStatesDepartmentof Agri- 11: 7.1884, interdune swales, see to stronglydivergent, spikelets panicle longexserted and open,paniclebranchesascending itary, ligulearingof hairs, rhizomeselongate andscaly, Utah, Nebraska, Arizona, Texas. Perennial,tall,mostly sol- Merr.) (Hook.) Benth.ex Vasey; Lunell; C. longifolia in English:giantsandreed,bigreed Department of Agriculture 1837 and of the American PhilosophicalSociety, new series, banks, prairies,riverbanks, cent, excellent sandbinding, grows onsanddunes,sandy glumes unequalandstraight,lemmasstraightpubes- branches ascendingtostronglydivergent, 1- sharp-pointed, narrow looselyspreadingpaniclewith crowded andoverlapping, scalyrhizomeselongate and stiff leafblades,liguleadenseringofhairs,sheaths North America. Perennial,stout,smooth,mostlysolitary, Buckley) folia crowded spikelets American MidlandNaturalist emy ofNatural SciencesofPhiladelphia C. longifolia in English:prairiesandreed, sandreedgrass Grasses oftheUnitedStates Boreali-Americana soils, steppe,inclayprairies,sandhills,see for horses,excellent sandbinding,grows insandorsandy and acuminate,lemmaspaleasglabrous,forage,food (Hook.)Hack.ex Scribn. &Southw.; Biographical notesuponbotanists 17:199.1899. Calamagrostis longifolia Nutt.; Circular, Divisionof Agrostology, UnitedStates (Hook.)Scribn.var. (Nutt.)Scribn.&Merr. ( Botanical Gazette (Hook.)Scribn.( Toxeumia gigantea fl 2:241.1840, attened andoverlapping, glumesrigid Bulletin ofthe Torrey BotanicalClub 35:2.1901. Athernotus longifolius fl 844.1950. 4:218.1915, ood plains,see Geschichte desKöniglichen Hook.; 15:269.1890, fl Proceedings ofthe Acad- attened and1- longifolia Symbolae Antillanae Ammophila longifolia . 1:142.London1904; Nutt.ex Scribn.& . 1916;G.Murray, Calamovilfa longi- 14:89.1862and . 1:406.1965; Calamagrostis Manual ofthe 20:208-209. fl Transactions Vilfa rigida atwoods, in fl fl (Hook.) Bulletin, owered, owered, 5:143. Flora . 3: National Herbarium ment of Agriculture Circular, Divisionof Agrostology, UnitedStatesDepart- grows onsandyshorelines,dunesandlakeshores, see densely pubescent,paniclebrancheswidelydivergent, Eastern U.S.,GreatLakes region. Perennial,leafsheaths C. longifolia in English:prairiesandreed,grass,reedgrass 142. 1981. 1891 and sions, stabilizeddunes,sandhills,see bilized blowouts, dryprairies,disturbedsand,dunedepres- Soderstrom, “Lasgramineastropicalesa sonian Institution.SeeC.E.Calderón& Thomas R. nist, botanicalcollector, bambootaxonomistattheSmith- Named forCléofeE.Calderón(1940-1989),Panama bota- Calderonella Soderstr. &H.F. Decker ico Mesoamericana Louis 347. 1857, 8: 18.1856, Hooker’s Journal ofBotanyandKew Garden Miscellany de Ciencias,Literatura y Artes Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,Boutelouinae,see From theGreek Calanthera Hook. Buchloe soideae basedonthenew genus anatomical considerationsofthegrasssubfamily Bambu- Calderón & Thomas R.Soderstrom,“Morphologicaland Pesquisas, RiodeJaneiro.4(Botânica):67-76.1967;C.E. Atas doSimpósiosôbreaBiota Amazônica. Conselhode American Continent:Keys andComments erstrom, gia Smithsonian InstitutionPress 1980; Contributions toBotany ligule afringeofhairs,leafblades North America. Perennial,stout,glabrous,solitary, erect, sites, sand for reclamationandrevegetation, grows onsandy range high silicacontent,anearlycolonizerinsanddunes,used mals andbirds,palatabilitydecreaseswithplantmaturity, value, foodforungulates,provides cover forsmallmam- to trampling,tolerantofmoderatelysalinesoils,low forage spikelets 1- scaly andbranched,longpaniclewithascendingbranches, sheaths roundandpilose,auriclesabsent,coarserhizomes 2:1-344.1987, 46:290-291.1980;C.E.Calderón & Thomas R.Sod- 1:432.1859, The Genera ofBambusoideae (Poaceae) ofthe Engelm. fl fl Transactions ofthe Academy ofScienceSt. Phytologia ats, slopes,dryvalleys, deepsandysoils,sta- owered, lemmaglabrous,moreorlessresistant (Hook.)Scribn.var. Plantas Hartwegianas Imprimis Mexicanas 6:293-295.1994, kalos 35:3.1901. 41:20-33.2001. Contributions from the UnitedStates Revisio GenerumPlantarum “beautiful”and = no.11. Washington 1973; 37(4):317-407.1977, Bouteloua Maclurolyra 2(4,21):134,141.1805, magna Las Gramíneas deMéx- fl Acta Amazonica at andinvolute, leaf anthera Oecologia Lag., Calanthera Hook. fi Scribn.&Merr. nes a .” .” .

Washington, Smithsonian “anther.” Variedades Olyra 49:137- Phytolo- 2:763. Flora 11: L.” Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC ium see young grass.” Panicoideae, Andropogoneae, Rottboelliinae, From theGreek Calosteca Desv. From theGreek Bonpl. ex Willd. Calochloa Kunze From theGreek Callichloea Steud. 307. 1981; Callichloea Steud. Taxon Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda du Muséumd’Histoire Naturelle Plantarum. Editioquarta Panicoideae, Andropogoneae, Rottboelliinae,see young grass.” 1991; 35. 1986; 34: 213.1984; Bonpl. ex Willd., 2003. from theUnited StatesNationalHerbarium false petiolate,stoloniferous,plantsbisexual, in blades lanceolate,liguleanunfringedmembrane,leaves herbaceous, unarmed,almoststemless,caespitose,leaf Panicoideae, Centotheceae,perennial,very small, delicate, One species,Panama. Centothecoideae,Centotheceae,or fl a singleraceme,spikelets solitaryandpedicellate,3-to5- lemma stronglygibbous,male shade species,forest,possiblethat present, 2lodicules,3stamens,ovary glabrous,2stigmas, Zeugites 60(2): 427-432,f.2-3,5.1973 Panama. See C. sylvatica Species 144. 2003. tributions from theUnited StatesNationalHerbarium 1907, Soderstr. &H.F. Decker, see Systematics andEvolution coid grassesandtheevolution ofpanicoidspikelets.” Mesoamericana owered, lowest 46:225-229.2003. Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbar- 47:737.1998, Ann. MissouriBot.Gard. Novon maybecongeneric,type Bol. Mus.Para. EmilioGoeldi,ser. Bot. Kew Bulletin Soderstr. &H.F. Decker 7:302.1997. Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGarden Brittonia 6:249-250.1994,G.H.Rua,“Centothe- kalos kalos kalli fl oret female,2glumesacute,female = “beautiful”and Elionurus “beautiful”and “beautiful”and Taxon = 39:180,182.1984; = 37:23-25.1985; Briza 4(2):941-942.1806, Elionurus 240(1-4): 83-89.Sep2003, Elionurus 49:273.2000, Mat. Fl.MalayPen. 60(2):427-441.1973, L., Kunth fl orets lanceolate,palea 2:69.1815[1816], Calotheca Calderonella sylvatica Humb. & chloe, chloa theke chloe, chloa Humb. & Calderonella 1:257.1840and Amer. J. Bot. J. Bromel. Soc. “acase.” 46:225-229. Contributions fl Desv. Mémoires orescence 3:122. 7:305. “grass, “grass, Species Flora Plant and Con- 46: 74: zur Kenntniss derGewächse la SociétéPhilomatiquedeParis 71, 73-76.1753, 2003. United StatesNationalHerbarium Chloridoideae, Eragrostideae,see Trin. Calotheca Desv. exSpreng. Cladistics winiana often in Pooideae, Poodae,Poeae,orBrizinae, Calotheca Desv. Vyss. Rast. tung zurKenntniss derGewächse chasmogamous, in unfringed membrane,plantsbisexual, cleistogamous or auricles absent,narrow leafbladeslinear, ligulean Pooideae, Poeae,Brizinae,perennial,tufted,herbaceous, One species,South America. Pooideae,Poodae, Poeae,or 1854 and illustrata …[1833-]1835-1860, Plantarum Florae Germanicae Agrostographiae par laSociétéPhilomatiquedeParis (Lam.) Desv., see late andlaterally C. brizoides Species barium 1994, zoides Briza elegans brizoides tandilensis 2 stigmas,oftenin present, 2freeandmembranouslodicules,ovary glabrous, 86, 157,t.17,f.7.1812, See South America. colytrum elegans 1981, nowia Société PhilomatiquedeParis 1: 193.1791, 1753, Anales delaUniversidad deChile 1920. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria Generum Plantarum Beiheft8,168pp.1975, Tableau EncyclopédiqueetMéthodique…Botanique (Lam.)Desv.; Taxon Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- 48:146-151,227-228.2003. 23(1):279-309.1981, (Lam.)Desv., see Briza Grasses ofBurma 14:287-296.1998, Parodi; 1966:25.1966, (Lam.)Desv. ( 37:434.1988, (P. Beauv.) Döll; Nouveau BulletindesSciences,publiéparla orin . 143,t.12. Viennae (Jan)1820, Nouveau BulletindesSciences,publiépar E.Desv. ex P. Beauv.) fl Nouveau BulletindesSciences,publié Bromus brizoides orescence paniculate,spikelets pedicel- fl Briza Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie 3(3):341.1898and = attened, 2glumessubequal,palea Calosteca Calotheca elegans Flora Brasiliensis Briza orin …379-381.1960, Briza brizoides 2(1):167.1817, Flora Mesoamericana Fitologija Species Plantarum Darwiniana iconibus etdescriptionibus L., 2:190.1810and , type Calotheca Traité desGraminées 2(1):167.1817and Briza patula 2:190.1810, Species Plantarum Contributions from the Taxon 48:146-151,227-228. 94:163.1896, = Calosteca Lam.; 2:190.1810, 3:132,f.4(1b).5. 39:72-77.1991,S. Calotheca brizoides Aeluropus P. Beauv.; 37:434.1988, , type 2(3):135.1878, (Lam.)Kuntze; 23(1):279-309. Calotheca bri- Revista dela Phil.; Fundamenta Novosti Sist. Desv. 1:70-71. Calosteca Anleitung 6:229.

Genera Revisio Willde- 1:66- Anlei- Chas- Briza 134. Dar- 425 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Desv. 202. 1831, de laSociétéd’Agriculture, Scienceset Arts d’Angers matiques, PhysiquesetNaturelles ences deSaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. SciencesMathé- 81, 161.1812, … 3:10,t.51.1794, codon montanum Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,Muhlenbergiinae, type “a tooth.” Die Natürlichen P see Pappophoreae, orChloridoideae, Eragrostideae,Cotteinae, chaff, prickle,awn.” 151, 227-228.2003. butions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium adelphia ences ofPhiladelphia 2: 171.1791, Systema Naturae …editiodecimatertia,aucta,reformata From theGreek Calycodon Nutt. pogon M. LazaridesandJ.A.Carnahan,“A revision of 91. 1941, Bull. Dept. Agric. From theGreek Calotheria Steud. From theGreek Calotheca P. Beauv. 81(4): 784-791.1994. ment ofBotany], of Pakistan Khatoon &S.I. Ali, 426 States NationalHerbarium of Agriculture:Bulletin Bot. Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie Pooideae, Poodae,Poeae,orBrizinae,see Eragrostideae).” son, “SystematicsoftheMuhlenbergiinae (Chloridoideae: Chloridoideae).” Muhlenbergia montana 79(1): 25-27.1995, Y. Herrera-Arrieta,“A revision ofthe Beauv. Genera Plantarum 1(4):325-353.1989, (Poaceae,Pappophoreae) in Australia.” ser. 2,1:186.1848and Kew Bulletin Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum . Karachi1993[University ofKarachi,Depart- Proceedings ofthe Academy ofNatural Sci- Mémoires del’AcadémieImpérialedesSci- kalyx, kalykos kalos kalos Brittonia Nutt.,see Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGarden 772:83.1920, ﬂ Grasses: SystematicsandEvolution anzenfamilien Chromosome Atlas ofthe Angiosperms Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie 4:23.1848, = “beautiful”and 22:393-401.1968,E.K.Z.Kakudidi, “beautiful”and 2:787.1791, = (Nutt.)Hitchc.complex (Poaceae: 772:145,147.1920, Muhlenbergia 50(1):23-50.1998,P.M. Peter- = Enneapogon 41:78.2001. Contributions from the United Genera Plantarum Briza “calyx”and United StatesDepartment Proc. Linn.Soc. 2(2):64.1887and 1(1):91.1830, J. Acad. Nat.Sci.Phil- L., 85.1812and Symbolae Botanicae, theke ather Calotheca Desv. ex P. Schreb. odous, odontos “acase.” “barb,spine, 1:199.1854, Phytologia Aust. Syst. 44.1789, 153:52- 48:146- Émoires Contri- Ennea- Caly-

U.S. 1: axils, hiddencleistogenesintheleafsheaths, ual, cleistogamous orchasmogamous, cleistogenesinupper hollow, auriclesabsent,liguleafringeofhairs,plantsbisex- perennial, herbaceous,creeping,decumbent,mat-forming, One species, Australia. Panicoideae, Panicodae, Paniceae, 1980), “grass, younggrass”;seeCharlesEdward Hubbard(1900- cana 134: 495-512.2000[The 99-110. 1997, From theGreek Calyptochloa C.E.Hubb. Northern UnitedStates ed.) 149, 160.1812, aniques see Pooideae, Poodae, Aveneae, orPooideae,Poeae, Airinae, Campelia Kunth 42: 554.1964, Mey.) Drobow, see deinae, type Pooideae, Triticodae,Pooideae, Triticeae, Triticeae,Hor-or Campeiostachys Drobow Herbarium 612. 1995, and Impériale desSciencesdeSaintPétersbourg letin delaClassePhysico-Mathématiquel’Académie (Commelinaceae), National Herbarium 195-212. 2000, awned, paleapresent,2freeand tigial, upperglumestif spikelets adaxial,2glumesvery unequal,lower glumeves- loosely racemose,5-8spikelets singlyonaslenderrachis, Calyptochloa gracillima Australia, Queensland. C. gracillima Species Review ofEcology and Systematics Cheplick and T.J. Bell,“Cleistogamy inGrasses.” 33: t.3210,1-3.1933,C.S.Campbell,J.A.Quinn,G.P. rey, relatedto tion, grows inwoodland shade,forest,woodland understo- ovary glabrous,2stigmas, suitableforminesiterevegeta- 1:264.1815[1816], Species Plantarum Flora Uzbekistanica 6:235.1994, Hooker’s IconesPlantarum 46.1808, 48:279-307.2003. Contributions from theUnitedStatesNational Campeiostachys schrenkiana C.E.Hubbard Botanical Journal oftheLinnean Society Taxon Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarum (quarto kalypto Contributions from theUnitedStates Cleistochloa Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie Species Plantarum Plant SystematicsandEvolution 41:143-173.2001. 41:562-563.1992, = 2:1028.1753, Deschampsia 605.1848and “tohide,cover” and C.E.Hubbard,see 1:300,540.1941, fl Campelia Deschampsia cespitosa y pilose,upperlemmashortly A ManualoftheBotany the fl and = eshy lodicules,3stamens, . Ser. 5.3:t.3210.1933. 14:411-441.1983. Elymus Rich. 1:83-84.1753, Démonstrations Bot- Alloteropsis P. Beauv. Calotheca P. Beauv. Flora Mesoameri- (Fisch.&C.A. Taxon Canad. J. Bot. L. 3:305.1845 Hook. Ic.Pl. chloe, chloa fl orescence 44:611- complex Annual , type 205: Bul- 91, Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Regius BotanicusBerolinensis Species Plantarum(quartoed.) United StatesNationalHerbarium United StatesNationalHerbarium Europe: amorphologicalanalysis.], Deschampsia cespitosa nal oftheLinneanSociety tematics andEvolution 356. 1953, 2: 1028.1753, Mesoamericana and Gesellschaft inRegensburg 61. 1813, zu einerkünftigen Revision derGattungen derGräser. Rossica the BotanyofNorthernUnitedStates d’une Nouvelle Agrostographie 1965, amonghisworks are For theFrenchbotanist Aimée Antoinette Camus,1879- Chiov. Camusia Lorch in Regensburg Denkschriften derBayer[ischen]. Botanischen Gesellschaft künftigen Revision derGattungen der Gräser. Perhaps fromtheGreek Campulosus Desv. d’Agriculture, Scienceset Arts d’Angers Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,see “grass, younggrass.” Perhaps fromtheGreek Campuloa Desv. see Pooideae, Poodae, Aveneae, orPooideae,Poeae, Airinae, Campella Link 48: 245-256.2003. Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium in centralandnorthernEurope:amorphologicalanalysis.], Campella Link American Flora Société PhilomatiquedeParis Desv., see Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,type States NationalHerbarium cana Species Plantarum North American Flora North American 6:290-291.1994, 4(13):420.1852and Denkschriften derBayer[ischen]. Botanischen Flora Mesoamericana Nouveau BulletindesSciences,publiéparla 4:311,t.13,f.1-2.1813[1814]and Démonstrations Botaniques 6:290-291.1994, 17(8):579-638.1939, = = = 1:64-65.1753, 205:99-110.1997, complex incentraland northern Acrachne Deschampsia = kampylos Ctenium Contributions from theUnited 4:311,t.13,f.1-2.1813[1814] 41:57-58.2001. kampylos Ctenium 17(8):579-638.1939, 134:495-512.2000[The 2:189.1810, 1:122.1827, 1:264.1815[1816], Botaniska Notiser 91.1812, Monographie dessaules 6:235.1994, “curved.” Mémoires delaSociété 41:57-58.2001. 48:245-256.2003. Wight & Arn. ex Panz. Contributions from the Contributions from the Campulosus gracilior “curved” and Panz. 1:167.1813, P. Beauv. Species Plantarum Flora Mesoameri- 605.1848, Nova Genera et 46.1808, Botanical Jour- Ideen zueiner 38,61.1813, A Manualof Plant Sys- 1953(3): Hortus chloa North Flora Flora Ideen Essai 38, Israel, SectionD,Botany France 8(3): 361-362.1908, Lorch, see d’Europe glumes unequal,paleapresent, cence afalse spike, spikelets withinvolucres ofbristles,2 pseudopetiolate, ligulefringed,plantsbisexual, in spitose, unarmed,solid,auriclesabsent,leafblades iceae, orPanicoideae, Paniceae, Setariinae,annual,cae- About 2species,Madagascar. Panicoideae, Panicodae, Pan- 1965. For theFrenchbotanist Aimée Antoinette Camus,1879- Camusiella Bosser tideae, Eleusininae,type Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,orEragros- literature. SupplementIII 58. 1937;Frans A. Sta Elmer Drew Merrill,in Fiona Neate, raphy toFloras ofSoutheast Asia Gustave Camus(1852-1915)(herfather) wrote 1929, withtheFrenchpharmacistandbotanistEdmond Flowering PlantsofMexico Kaplan Langman, in theHuntInstituteportrait collection Bossert, hart, inces russestranscaspiennes de l’Afriqueseptentrionale, del’Asiemineure etdesprov- (1863-1912) wrote France tion dessaulesd’Europe etmonographie desSaulesde C. Species States NationalHerbarium nique, n.s. 1961, Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance see ovary glabrous,2-3stigmas, sometimesreferredto var. C. vatkeana Madagascar. portrait collection ical dictionaryofbotanistsrepresented intheHuntInstitute notes uponbotanists Wilhelm Vatke, 1849-1889; seeJ.H.Barnhart, alis vatkeana fi violaceus Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie herenensis Bosser; Biographical notesuponbotanists Adansonia: recueil périodiqued’observationsbota- 75:913.1928, . Paris 1904-1905,withE.G.CamusandPaul Bergon K.Schum.)(fortheGerman botanistGeorg Carl Biographical dictionaryofbotanistsrepresented . Paris 1904-1905and 6:105-112.1966, Annuario delRealeIstitutoBotanicodiRoma (K.Schum.)Bosser( Camusiella vatkeana Bosser; Plant Collectors in West Africa Bosser . 415.1972; W. Vatke, “Plantasinitinere A SelectedGuidetotheLiterature onthe Monographie desorchidées del’Europe, . 3:427.1965; T.W. Bossert, fl Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique Camusiella vatkeana eu andErik A. Mennega, Bulletin oftheResearch Councilof Bernice P. BishopMus.Bull = . 337-350.1995. 9:155.1961. Camusia perrieri 46:569-593.2003. . 1964;ClydeF. Reed, Setaria Contributions from theUnited . Paris [1908];seeJ.H.Barn- fl eshy lodicules,3stamens, Camusiella vatkeana . 1969;F.N. Hepperand Les Chataigniers var. P. Beauv. . 1:305.1965; T.W. vatkeana 51,178.1812and . 64.1972;Ida 108:158-163. var. (A.Camus) Biographical . 16.1971; Taxonomic Classi meridion- Biograph- ; Bibliog- Setaria Setaria . Paris fl . 144: ores- fi sub- 427 ca- , Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC (Dilleniaceae), (Polypodiaceae), (Stylidiaceae), Baumg. (Ericaceae), Plantarum historiasucculentarum dolle, 1778-1841,amonghismostvaluable writingsare Named aftertheSwissbotanist Augustin PyramusdeCan- Candollea Steud. and involute, in usually laciniate,ligulesmembranousciliate,leaves rigid simple orbranched,leafsheathsoverlapping, lower sheaths Paspalinae, perennial,erect,caespitose,robust, tussocky, Monotypic, Brazil,MinasGerais.Panicoideae, Paniceae, Filgueiras Canastra Morrone, Zuloaga,Davidse & wissenschaftlichen Vereine zuBremen Madagascar. See Linnaea africao abJ.M.Hildebrandtcollectasdeterminarepergit.” 428 dorsiventrally compressed,spikelets 2- Press, Philadelphia1964;P.E. Pilet,in Flowering PlantsofMexico Kaplan Langman, in theHuntInstituteportrait collection Bossert, Hollandiae plantarumspecimen Julien HouttondeLabillardière(1755-1834), Biographical notesuponbotanists Genève Paris, Strasbourg 1813and logus plantarumhortibotanicimonspeliensis Davidse &Filgueiras,relatedto Canastra lanceolata 3, stigmasplumose,foundamongrocks,sandysoils,type and staminate,upper lower glumereducedand1-nerved, lower upper glumeawned, upperglumeaslongthespikelet, ium South Wales 109. 1976, Filgueiras ( C. lanceolata Species National Herbarium 351-372. 2001, Brazil, Parque Nacional daSerraCanastra. Novon 322. 1982, , Homolepis 11(4):429-436.2001, . Genève, Paris 1825[-1827];seeJ.H.Barnhart, 43(7):507-541.1882) Biographical dictionaryofbotanists represented Bothalia Arthropogon lanceolatus Ann. MissouriBot.Gard. , ser. 2,39:385-394.1914, (Filgueiras)Morrone,Zuloaga, Davidse & fl and Abhandlungen herausgegeben vomNatur- orescences terminaloraxillary, spikelets Contributions from the UnitedStates Candollea A SelectedGuidetotheLiterature onthe Candollea 12:641-672.1979, 46:144.2003. Candollea Achlaena fl (Filgueiras)Morrone,Zuloaga, = ower bisexual, lodicules2,stamens Candollea Agrostis . University ofPennsylvania Ann. MissouriBot.Gard. Plantes rares duJardin de Labill. Mirb. , see . 2:33,t.176.1806; T.W. Arthropogon Raddi(Bryophyta) . Paris 1798-1837, . 1:306.1965;Jacques Filgueiras) Proc. Linn.Soc.New L., Labill. 9:402.1887. 79:770-818.1992, fl Bradea owered, lower and Candollea D.S.B Bothalia . 64.1972;Ida fl , . Montpellier, ower present Altoparadis- 3(36):303- . 3:43-45. 12:65- Novae Cata-

88: ligule membranousandmoreorlessfringed,leaves stout, herbaceous,nodesbeardedorhairy, auriclesabsent, rambling, usuallyscentedorsometimesaromatic,tufted, nial, erectandslender, sometimes decumbentorcaespitose, odae, Andropogoneae, Andropogoninae, annualorperen- Asia, New Caledonia, Australia. Panicoideae, Andropogon- Some 14species,warm Old World, eastern Africa, tropical the spikelets borneoncapillarypaniclebranches. to thespikelets, pedicelsandbaseareciliate,oralludingto Latin Capillipedium Stapf plants bisexual, elongate in 1981; Sta lets with1fertile sessile spikelets, terminalspikelets intriplets,sessilespike- branches, paniclebranchesbearingshortracemesof1-8 capillary branchlets,racemesshortonslenderandglandular ef 2, ornamental,weedspecies,essentialoilwithantibacterial fl naviculate, lower glume2-keeled, paleaabsent,freeand glumes 2moreorlessequal,upperglumeboat-shaped spikelets Herbarium 612. 1995, Familles 61-63. 1753, Pooideae, Poeae, Agrostidinae, see culent Plants Utrecht 1976;GordonDouglasRowley, Jain ogy Natural HistorySociety Papers 1917, rum found inopengrassyplaces,type Fl. Fenn. secunda [Mem. Soc.Mod.xviii.], national d’histoire naturelle 37-39. 1961, (1770-1829), diae PlantarumSpecimen 110-113. 1960, l’Université deGenève de Botaniqueetl’InstitutSystématique intermedia 1966 [MorphologyoftheCompilospecies Cytology andGenetics 64. 1984, eshy lodiculespresent,stamens3,ovary glabrous,stigmas fi cacy, relatedtoandhybrids with 7:93-102.1957, (R.Br.) Stapf,see capillus, i University ofQueensland,Department ofBiology, 2(3):1-62(41-46).1944, 1:273.1840and 3:471and5:89.1803, 5:29.1971, Canastra Morrone, Zuloaga,Davidse&Filgueiras fl fl Journal ofCytology andGenetics eu andCowan, .], attened, shortracemesoftenreducedtotriads, 48:42-89.2003. Contributions from theUnitedStatesNational . 1997. Histoire Naturelle des Végétaux, Classéspar Jungermannogra Bot. Tidsskr. American Journal ofBotany Flora ofNew South Wales “thehair”and fl oret and1sterilelemma,pedicellate Boissiera. Mémoires duConservatoire Taxon 15:51-57.1980, 9:154.1960, Flora of TropicalFlora Africa 49:682-683.1951, J. Wash.Acad. Taxonomic literature 67:324-326.1973, 2:33.1806,GiuseppeRaddi = fl Nomenclator Botanicus.Editio 41:556.1992, orescence, apanicleopenwith 6:453.1805, Filipedium fi a etrusca pes, pedis Journal oftheBombay Capillipedium parvi Species Plantarum Bothriochloa Annales dumuséum Grasses ofBurma

Sci. Gramineae19(1): A HistoryofSuc- …Modena1818 Pharmazie “foot,” referring Raizada& Phytomorphol- Taxon Novae Hollan- 53(1):94-98. 36:168.1946, 25:140-143. Bothriochloa . 1:438-452. 9:11,169. Journal of 44:611- Kuntze, 39(1): fl fl … 1: at, o- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Icones Plantarum 1990, Capillipedium Stapf 491. 1889and 10: 392.1882, Himalayan DistrictsoftheNorthwesternProvinces ofIndia Asia, Indonesia,Java. See luzoniense C. annamense in Thailand: yaadokkhaa C. Species 783. 1994. C. in Thailand: yaayung,yayung in English:hard-stemmedgoldenbeard 167. 1942, 58. 1854, see branched, woody atbase,leaves acuminate,foddergrass, Southeast Asia, India, Taiwan. Riverbanks, scrambling, Dichanthium assimile Watson; subrepens Zoll.) A. Camus; Zoll.) A. riochloa picta Steud.; Steudel; C. assimile subsp. C. arachnoideum in Thailand: yaadokkhaa,ya dokkha 206. 1925. Annam. See annamense 1940, dium glaucopsis sen; var. var. Capillipedium assimile non (Elliott) Steud.; glaucopsis 7(21): 181.1897and shady places,slopes,rocky sites,see India. Decumbent,trailing,climbing over bushes, grows in Deshp.) Hook.f.; 3085. 1922, 4): 134.1978[1979]. sp. fi Systematisches Verzeichniss derimIndischen Archipel glaucopsis Andropogon montanus Capillipedium glaucopsis liculme Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGarden arachnoideum Acta PhytotaxonomicaetGeobotanica Bothriochloa assimilis Andropogon assimilis Chrysopogon subrepens Dichanthium (Steud.)Henrard; Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Henrard) Steud.,nom.illeg., non (A.Camus)Roberty) Fascicles ofFlora ofIndia (Steudel) A. Camus( Bulletin oftheBotanicalSurvey ofIndia Bulletin duMuséumd’Histoire Naturelle Ohwi; A. Camus( (Hook.f.) Stapf( (W. Watson) Hack.; Fl. Gén.Indo-Chine Monographiae Phanerogamarum Andropogon montanus 31(4):t.3085.1922, Henrard( (W. Watson) Stapf; Capillipedium assimile ; (Steud.ex Zoll.)Deshp.) Capillipediumarachnoideum Hooker’s IconesPlantarum Capillipedium assimile var. fi liculmi Blumea Roxb.; Capillipedium parvi glaucophyllum Capillipedium arachnoideum (Steud.ex Zoll.)Ohwi; Chrysopogon glaucopsis Steud.ex Zoll.; (Steud.)Stapf; (Hook.f.)S.K.Jain& Andropogon 3(3):458-459.1940. 7:314.1922, Andropogon glaucopsis (Steud.) W. Watson; Andropogon subrepens Andropogon montanus Andropogon assimilis 15:6.1984. Hack.,nom.illeg., Flora BritishIndia Blumea (Henrard)Jan- Capillipedium var. 1:397.1854, 11(3):165, Andropogon (Steud.ex 81(4):775- fl 3(3):463. assimile Capillipe- fi orum Hooker’s 31(4):t. 6:490- liculmis subsp. 20(1- Both- var. 31: W. ; the BotanicalSurvey ofIndia Karnataka, India.See Almeida) S.K.Jain&Deshp.) Naga Hills,India. See C. nagense 4): 135.1978[1979]. 814. 1975, C. magdaleni in Thailand: yaaphomhom,yahom Asia, India.See C. longisetosum 168. 1942, 47. 1918, non etcontributiones ad China, Taiwan.See Soc. Icones Plantarum of BritishIndia the BombayNatural History Society era. sis C. kwashotensis 20(1-4): 135.1978[1979]. huegelii lipedium foetidum var. Lisboa; C. huegelii wörterbuch derP Zander, F. Encke, G.BuchheimandS.Seybold, herbarii Hügeliani decadestres git C.deHügel. Wien 1837and Enumeratio plantarum quas inNovae Hollandiae Fenzl, George BenthamandHeinrich Wilhelm Schott], any inIndia 1845; IsaacHenryBurkill, Lasègue, Biographical notesuponbotanists im ostindischen Archipel author of in Vienna, 1849-1859inFlorence,1860-1869Bruxelles, soldier, horticulturist,1830-1837in Australasia, 1837-1849 Baron Karl Alexander Anselm von Hügel,1794/1796-1870, for theGerman-born Austrian plantcollector andtraveler Dichanthium huegelii (Hack.) Roberty; (Hack.) Stapf; Monographiae Phanerogamarum icle contracted,see India. Smallvalue forgrazing,nodesdenselybearded,pan- retum ofHarvard University E.M. Tucker, Hayata; 9:154.1960, foetidus 32: 420.1928, Andropogon huegelii (Hack.) Blatt.&McCann; Der stilleOceanunddieSpanischen Besitzungen Musée botaniquedeBenjaminDelessert Acta PhytotaxonomicaetGeobotanica (Hack.)Stapf( Journal ofJapanese Botany Bulletin oftheBotanicalSurvey ofIndia Bothriochloa kwashotensis Almeida ( Lisboa; . Delhi1965;S.L.Endlicheretal.[Eduard Catalogue ofthelibrary ofthe Arnold Arbo- Almeida ( 7(21):180.1897[1896]and Brittonia (Hayata) C.Hsu( Capillipedium parvi Bor 31(4):t.3085.1922, Capillipedium schmidii fl (Lisboa)Raiz.&Jain; anzennamen Bulletin oftheBotanicalDepartment. Indian Forester Icones plantarumformosanarumnec Andropogon schmidii Fodder Grasses N.India (Hack.)S.K.Jain&Deshp.)(named Dichanthium nagense J. Bomb. Nat.Hist.Soc. Brittonia . Wien 1860.SeeJ.H.Barnhart, 16:227.1964. fl Dichanthium magdaleni oram formosanam. Chapters ontheHistoryofBot- Andropogon foetidus . 1917-1933) Hack.; 21(1-4):198.1979[1981]. . 14. Au 16:228.1964, Stirpium Australasicarum 6:492.1889, . Vindobonae 1838;R. Andropogon kwashoten- 77:752.1951, 6:71.1891, Capillipedium hugelii Andropogon huegelii . 2:215.1965; A. (Hayata)Ohwi) fl 37(9):280.1962. J. Bomb. Nat.Hist. fl orum (Hook.f.)Stapf; . Stuttgart 1993; Hook.f.; (Bor)Deshp.) Capillipedium f. 7:80-81,f. 72(3): 813- 88.1888, Bulletin of Journal of Hack.ex The Flora …colle- Hooker’s huegelii 11(3): (M.R. Boissi- . Paris Capil- Hand- 20(1- 429 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Chrysopogon violascens Kitag.; Ohwi; (Trin.) Neesex Steud.; de Wet; (R. Br.) de Wet &Harlan; Bothriochloa pauci Br.) Benth.; nans Rich.; pogon parvispica nom. illeg., non micranthus parvi micranthus caerulescens Steud.; Br.) Spreng.; C. parvi 430 hard andadaptable,ornamentalwhenin pedicellate spikelets male,paleasabsent,weedspecies,very purple andlongawned, glumesmoreorlesspubescent, racemes with1sessileand2pedicellatespikelets, spikelets nodes bearded,sheathmoreorlessglabrous,hairypanicles, hairy orglabrous,liguleshortandwithfringedmargin, Perennial, variable, denselytufted,slendertorobust, erect, pines, Queensland,New South Wales, Northern Territory. Tanzania, Ethiopia,India,Indonesia,China,Japan,Philip- Asia temperateandtropicalto Australia, East Africa, Sudan, Schweinf.; microstachya R. Br.; fl Chase; tricts oftheNorth-westernProvinces ofIndia zur Flora Aethiopiens … Naturelles Sixième Série. SciencesMathématiques,Physiqueset de l‘AcadémieImpérialedesSciencesSaintPétersbourg. culture, Scienceset Arts d‘Angers Botanique dant les Années 1836et1837surlaCorvetteBonite… 1(4-5): 342.1830, Graminées bilium, editiodecimasexta Museum BotanicumLugduno-Batavi opsis PlantarumGlumacearum 1843, secunda Indica; orDescriptions Essai d‘uneNouvelle Agrostographie slopes, see on roadsides,wastelands, grasslands,uplandgrassland, aromatic panicles,low foragevalue, grows inwoodland and orum (J.Presl) Trin. ex Steud.; fl Tentamen Florae Abyssinicae orus (R.Br.) P. Beauv.; Andropogon serratus Bothriochloa parvi Rhaphis villosula 1:359.1840, Rhaphis caerulescens fl Holcus caerulescens Chrysopogon parvispicus Andropogon micranthus orum 411,t.27.1830, 2(4):319.1832, 1:165,618.1829-1830, Roxb.; Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae var. var. var. var. Sorghum quartinianum Chrysopogon parvi (Gaudich.)Kunth; Neesex Steud.; Andropogon alternans (R.Br.) Stapf( quartinianus violascens Andropogon parvi Steud.; Andropogon parvi fl Voyage autourdeMondeéxécutépen- ora London Journal ofBotany (R.Br.) Quart.; 306.Berlin1867, … 1:277.1820, Trin.; Neesex Steud.; Sorghum quartinianum Bothriochloa parvi Dichanthium parvi fl ora Mémoires delaSociétéd‘Agri- Nomenclator Botanicus.Editio Miq.; Andropogon quartinianus (Trin.) Honda; (A.Rich.)Hack.; 1:290.1825, Gaudich.; Rhaphisparvi (Gaudich.)Desv.; Chrysopogon parvi f. fl Anatherum parvi 1:396-397.1854, orus Dichanthium parvi Andropogon capilli 1:173.1831, violascens (A.Rich.) Asch.) Andropogon violascens (Steud.) W. Watson; Kunth; Reliquiae Haenkeanae J.Presl; 2:290.1866, 132,165.1812, … 2:469.1850, var. var. fl fl orus orus Chrysopogon alter- Holcus parvi fl violascens ower, decorative (R.Br.) Domin, Systema Vegeta- Roxb.; Himalayan Dis- Sorghum parvi- fl (Trin.) Ohwi; fl fl orum Révision des Andropogon ora Andropogon Andropogon Andropogon ora 392.1882, 199.1810, (A.Rich.) fl Mémoires fl (R.Br.) orum (R.Br.) Rhaphis 2:411. orus Annales (R.Br.) Beitrag (Trin.) Andro- fl fl fl Flora orum orus orus Syn- (R. (R. A. Survey ofIndia Plantarum Linn. Soc.(Botany) blades acuminate,liguleciliate, paniclebranched,see Naga Hills,India. Nodesbearded,leafsheathsstgriate, & Deshp.) Clarke; 1951, Journal oftheBombayNatural HistorySociety Asia, India. Awnless, see (Bor) Raizada&Jain) (Bor) S.K.Jain&Deshp.; C. pteropechys 1978[1979]. Flora Indica;orDescriptions China. See ochloa parvi C. planipedicellatum Species 29(4): 366.1948, C. parvi 1878 and Capillipedium parvi chloa parvi erty ( C. parvi Phytotaxonomica etGeobotanica Graminées micranthus Biology 1942, spicigerum Hsu, nom.illeg., non S.T. Blake; Dichanthium parvi Taiwan. See Wet) Taiwan Museum taxonomica etGeobotanica in Thailand: yaaphomhom, yayung beard in English:scented-topgrass,scented-top,scentedgolden- 53: 97.1966. Research, Manchoukuo Botany Journal oftheFaculty ofScience:University of Tokyo, 85(2): 263.1915, Monogr. Phan. C. parvi 397. 1854and See China, Australia. ( Andropogon capilli Andropogon spicigerus Bulletin oftheBotanicalSurvey ofIndia University ofQueenslandPapers: Departmentof 3:345.1930, 2(3):43.1944, fl fl fl Dichanthium pteropechys 452. 1962, orum orum Acta PhytotaxonomicaetGeobotanica orum 31(4):t.3085.1922, 1:165.1829and Kunth; (Benth.)Roberty; Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae Chrysopogon parvi fl Flora Australiensis:Description A ora fl (R.Br.) Stapfvar. (R.Br.) Stapfvar. (R.Br.) Stapfsubsp. Blumea 20(1-4):135.1978[1979]. 6:490.1889and ora 10:58.1957, (Clarke) Stapf( (R.Br.) Ohwi; Boissiera Flora of TropicalFlora Africa fl 25:88,t.38.1899and Andropogon parvi Taiwania var. var. fl orum fl orus Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum orum Bor ( 3(3):457.1940. Report oftheInstituteScienti 3(App.1):68.1939, Journal ofthe Arnold Arboretum Capillipedium parvi var. var. Steud.) Kew Bulletin var. var. Dichanthium planipedicellatum 154,155.1960, spicigera 11(3):166.1942, (S.T. Blake) Reeder; 16(2):309.1971. Filipedium planipedicellatum Blumea … 1:277.1820, fl American Journal ofBotany spicigerum orus Capillipedium spicigerum spicigerum Holcus parvi parvi spicigerum Andropogon pteropechys 11(3):166.1942. Bulletin oftheBotanical (C.B.Clarke) S.K.Jain var. 3(3):457.1940, capilli Bibliotheca Botanica fl fl Capillipedium Stapf (Benth.)Ohwi; orus orum 1949:222.1949, spicigerus (S.T. Blake) de Hooker‘s Icones fl Roxb.; (Benth.)C.C. 9:169.1917, Index toGrass orum (Benth.)Rob- ( 20(1-4):135. fl Révision des Andropogon Acta Phyto- fl orus 11(3):166. 199.1810, Journal of orum … 7:538. 49:683. Henrard Bothrio- R.Br.) Benth.; Bothri- var. Acta 1: fi J. c Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Bulletin chloa 37, f.2.1830and 4(2): 22,30.1827, Spreng., see Pooideae, Stipeae,Stipinae,type chloa sér. 2, 136. 1864and Southeast Asia, India.See From theGreek Caryochloa Trin. 48: 495-504.2003. Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium From theGreek Caryochloa Spreng. dactylon Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,Chloridinae,type Capriola Adans. Asia, India.See C. sulcatum in English:scented-topgrass Wales rum times weedy, woodland, similarto Reeder; C. spicigerum Capriola Adans. Herbarium 292. 1994, Clayton; Camus; (Thwaites) A. C. venustum muelleri the ArnoldArboretum Department ofBiology, Papers (Benth.) Domin; value, ornamentalwhenin awned, pedicellatespikelets sterileormale,low forage and purpletoyellowish panicle,purplespikelets long tory. Perennial,tufted,stout,smoothandgreenleaves, hairy Australia, Queensland,New South Wales, Northern Terri- gestum Wet) (Latin Dichanthium parvi (R.Br.) Stapf,see “grass.” “grass.” 19(1):37-39(38-39).1961. 76:165.1931, “tobear, carry, towear”) 27(3):448.1972. (L.)Kuntze, see Chrysopogon parvi Vetiveria venusta Hack.; 41:59-63.2001. Contributions from the UnitedStatesNational spica, ae Bor Systema Vegetabilium, editiodecimasexta (Thwaites) Bor( S.T. Blake ( Annales delaSociétéLinnéenneLyon, karyon karyon Botanisk Tidsskrift Andropogon parvi fl Andropogon spicigerus orum Reliquiae Haenkeanae Darwiniana “apoint,spike, tuft”and 29(4):366.1948, Grasses ofBurma = = Hemisorghum venustum “anut,any kindofnut”and “anut,any kindofnut”and Cynodon Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylaniae = Luziola (Thwaites) Willis) var. var. fl Flora Mesoamericana fl ower, scentedpanicles,some- University ofQueensland, Andropogon micranthus Piptochaetium orus spicigerum 2(3):43.1944, Caryochloa montevidensis 36(1-4):107-157.1998, Bothriochloa venusta Juss. Capillipedium parvi 67(4):324.1973. var. var. Rich. fl orus …113.1960, Flora ofNew South spicigerus (S.T. Blake) de 1(4-5):222,t. var. (S.T. Blake) Presl spicigerus (Thwaites) gero, gessi, Journal of Capriola 6:291- Benth.; chloe, chloe, Kew var. fl o- 1791, Naturae …editiodecimatertia,aucta,reformata siliensis Ehrhartoideae, Oryzeae,Luziolinae,type From theGreek Caryophyllea Opiz in an unfringedmembrane,leafbladeslinear, plantsbisexual, or geniculatelyascending,auriclesabsentpresent,ligule Pooideae, Poodae,Poeae,annual,herbaceous,tufted,erect One species,Mediterranean,western Asia, CanaryIslands. liogra di Palermo cura di, in viduae IoannisFrancisciBianco,1640;seeLuigiBelloni, and PetriCastelli… Cesenate auctore…Romae,typisJacobiMascardi,1625, quae continenturRomaeinhortoFarnesiano Exactissima descriptiorariorum quarundamplantarum, Dedicated totheItalianbotanistPietroCastelli,authorof Castellia Tineo era ofNorth American Plants Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,Boutelouinae,see Casiostega Galeotti sessile, several- scattered, spikelets compressedlaterally andmoreorless chen P Mesoamericana Belgique elles l‘Académie RoyaledesSciencesetBelles-lettres deBrux- keanae Bothalia 2000. from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Pooideae, Poeae, Airinae, see 48: 89-96.2003. Contributions from the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 1992, 1753 and Tineo, see Vincenzo (Vincentius) Tineo, 1791-1856, places, confusedwith glabrous, 2stigmas,openhabitats, dryplaces,open present, 2freeandmembranous lodicules,stamens3,ovary keeled, thinlemmasawnless and denselytuberculate,palea fl D.S.B orescence racemoseorpaniculate,racemessingle 9:232.1842, fi De Graminibus Paniceis a Siciliana 1(4-5):293,t.41,f.1-11.1830, fl Opera Botanica Il Fondo Antico della Bibliotecadell‘OrtoBotanico Trin.,see 26(1):53-61.1996, anzenfamilien . 9:62-66.1981;Mariella Azzarello DiMisa,a 15:470-471.1876. Boissiera. . 65-66.Palermo 1988;GiuseppeM.Mira, fl 6:235.1994, karyon owered, 2glumesunequalmore orless . 1:195.Palermo 1881. Genera Plantarum 13:179-180.1967, Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique Hortus Messanensis 2(2):40.1887and Lolium “nut”and = = 121:159-172.1993, Aira Opizia 1:65.1818, Species Plantarum , type Thaiszia 54,248.1826, Taxon L. phyllon C.Presl Castellia tuberculata 44:611-612.1995, 33.1789, 9(1):31-40.1999, . Messanae,typis Caryochloa bra- “leaf.” Reliquiae Haen- Taxon : Tobia Aldino Contributions Die Natürli- 39:69-71. Bulletin de 41:556. 1:63-66. The Gen- 2:637. Systema Flora Bib- 431 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC lopoa in Morocco:mahadoun,ziouan in French:catapodiumtuberculé nische Jahrbucher 295. 1932, type related to areas, streamsides,drainageditches,openhabitats,springs, in mud,fromsealevel, shallow water, streamsandseepage glabrous, 2stigmas,growing inaquatichabitats,marshes, brous, paleapresent,2freelodicules,3stamens,ovary truncate, lemmasmembranousandkeeled, glumes unequaltoothedorerose,lower glumeobtuseto d‘Alger Journal oftheLinneanSociety, Botany “ R. Brown (Gramineae)en America delSur.], R.R.Mill, iana paniculate, panicleopen,spikelets 1-to3- unfringed membrane,plantsbisexual, in sheaths glabrous,leafbladeslinearandnarrow, ligulean sprawling, branchingand rootingatthenodesinwater, leaf bent, softand perennial, oftenprostrate,withcreepingstolonsordecum- Poodae, Meliceae,orPooideae,Poeae,Puccinelliinae, About 2-3species,northtemperate,Chile.Pooideae, glumes. ing,” usedasfodderforcattleandgoatsorreferringtothe bibrosko see erosion control,grows inbushland, rocky areas,crevices, scabrid-tuberculate lemmasthinlymembranous,usefulfor 119, t.7.1820, Graminées. 97.Paris 1812, nouvelle Agrostographie kata (Moris) Pilg.; Greek Catabrosa P. Beauv. spikelets distichousandmany- racemose in Asia, Europe,Greece,Italy. Annual, looselytufted,stiff culosa Bonnet; (Moris) Batt.& Trab.; Catapodium tuberculosum C. Species 18. Panormi 1846. Plantarum rariorum Siciliaeminuscognitarum 432 Eremopoa

tuberculosa Exploration Scienti “below, downward, down from”and 23(1):179-188.1981[ Catabrosa aquatica , (Moris)Coss.&Dur.; katabibrosko, katabibroskein Catabrosa 100.1884and Festuca tuberculata “toeat,todevour,” Colpodium , ﬂ Indian Forester Nephelochloa orescence sparselybranched,asingleraceme, Nardurus tuberculosus ﬂ

Flora Orientalis eshy, herbaceous,hollow, looselytuftedor (Moris) Bor( , 74:576.1949. Paracolpodium Trin., containingHCN-glucoside, fi Feddes Repertorium,Beiheft que del‘Algérie Desmazeria tuberculosa (L.)P. Beauv., see , Moris; Catabrosa Catabrosella 74:90.1948, (Tineo) Benth.; , ounouveaux genresdes katabrosis Fundamenta Agrostographiae Castellia tuberculata fl Micropyrum tuberculosum 5:578.1884and owered, glumesglabrous, .” inP.H. Davis (editor), Desmazeria tuberculosa “eatup,devour,” (Moris)Hayek) P. Beauv. y 19:128.1881, “eatingup,devour- 2:189,t.41.1855, fl , orescence loosely Colpodium broskein, brosko fl Engler‘s Bota- oret callusgla- Festuca tuber- Essai d‘une fl owered, 2 …2:17- (Moris) Phippsia Darwin- Tineo; 30(3): , Flore Hya- kato , , Mutel, nom.illeg., non albifolia Diarrhena aquatica Trin. ex Willk. &Lange; Presl; C. aquatica Species 48: 228-230.2003. Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 1985, Flora of Turkey andtheEast Aegean Islands Poa airoides aquatica aquatica Species Plantarum moist meadows andalonglakeshores orstreambanks,see and eroseattheapex, palatable,weedspecies,grows in oblong, glumesunequaltonearlyequal,lemmastruncate open, openin North temperate.Speciesvariable, creeping,leafsheaths Poa pseudairoides Melica aquatica (Salisb.) Holmb.; des (Reverd.) Tzvelev; grass, water whorlgrass,water whorlgrass in English:waterhair, water hairgrass, brookgrass,whorl- 1-42. 1999. 1819, 157, 160,162,165,pl.19.1812, Essai d‘uneNouvelle Agrostographie Société ImpérialedesNaturalistes deMoscou Florae Novae Hollandiae Graminum inGalliaet Germania Primitiae Florae Werthemensis stirpium inhortoadChapel Allerton vigentium ceria airoides Bot. Fenn. Vanamo les, Botanique Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. 56(9): 1254.1971, cae 1830, Sciences Mathématiques,PhysiquesetNaturelles Impériale desSciencesdeSaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. gend vonLeipzig 1828, British Plants Flora Mediterranea logica Cracoviensia, SeriesBotanica 71: 1426-1427.1986, 77. 1861and (Koeler) Reichb.; 3: Add. 176.1843, Flore Française Flora Cechica Flora derPhanerogamischen Gewächse derUmge- American Journal ofBotany Glyceria catabrosa Reverd.; var. var. subsp. (L.)P. Beauv. ( Koeler; Botaniska Notiser (Nutt.)Fries,nom. 2:133.1821, 5:447.1825, uni fl orescence very lax,panicle pyramidal or pseudairoides (L.)Loisel.; fl Herrm.) Festuca lenensis ora 96.1830, Glyceria airoides 1:64,66-70,73-76.1753, Hydrochloa airoides Bot. Zhurn.SSSR 5:340-345.1995, (L.)Raspail; 2:100-106.1947, 25.1819, Poa aquatica 4:115.1837, Glyceria aquatica S.F. Gray; Fl. Libya 1986:29.1986, Colpodium aquaticum Prodromus Florae Hispanicae Festuca airoides Klett&Richt.; 179.1810, Flora Gallica Annales desSciencesNaturel- Aira aquatica (Herrm.) Tzvelev; Molinia aquatica 97.1919, Mémoires del‘Académie A Natural Arrangement of 145:84.1988,

illeg., non Festuca airoides 116.1799, 194.1802, Catapodium aquaticum L. Drob. subsp. 81(1):119-126.1994, (Koeler) Reichb.; Novitiae Florae Sueci- 70(5):698-700.1985, Genera Graminum Opera Botanica ; 97,135,142,149,

Catabrosa P. Beauv. 33:37-38.1991, Poa dulcis (Koeler) Hartm.; (L.)J.Presl&C. Bot. Zurn.(Kiev) Bot. Zhurn.SSSR Mémoires dela Arch. Soc.Zool.- , edition2,1:59. Lam.; Glyceria dulcis L.; Glyceria airoi- 3,t.13.1812, 9:486-501. (L.) Trinius; (L.) Wibel; Prodromus Prodromus Descriptio . 20.1796, Catabrosa Catabrosa 1(4):395. Acta Bio- (Koeler) albifolia Salisb.; Festuca 137: Gly- 5. 1: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 1836, See South America. mannii C. werdermannii 1897 [1896]. blunt, laxpanicle,see rooting atnodes,dwarf, leafy, leafsheathsglabrous,ligules North temperate,India,Sikkim. Alpine grass, spreading, C. sikkimensis f. 3-4.1933. Plants North temperate.See The diminutive of Colpodium Catabrosella (Tzvelev) Tzvelev 10(97): 759-760.1929, des Botanischen Gartens undMuseumszuBerlin-Dahlem Revisio GenerumPlantarum Phippsia werdermannii ifolia Fernald; aquatica C. aquatica Catabrosella (Tzvelev) Tzvelev werdermannii plants bisexual, openin narrow linearleafblades,liguleanunfringedmembrane, Poeae, perennial,herbaceous,caespitose,auriclesabsent, About 9species,Himalaya,China.Pooideae,Poodae, mas, oftenin membranous lodicules,3stamens,ovary glabrous,2stig- unequal tovery unequal, lemmasawnless, paleapresent,2 spikelets pedicellateandlaterally and Griseb., see Flora Iranica: Gramineae cow &Leningrad) 1976, R.R.Mill,“ Colpodium Grossh.; Lipsky; C. araratica Species 1994. 9: 486-501.1985, Davis (editor), Eurasia, Turkey.See Fedtsch.; dium Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. Phil.; ﬁ Anales Mus.Nac.Santiago deChile 2:133.1821and f. brosum var. var. Colpodium araraticum Catabrosa aquatica Colpodium araraticum Koeleria dominii werdermannii , Hyalopoa (L.)P. Beauv. subsp. Panicularia latifolia Fundamenta Agrostographiae Trin. aquatica Colpodium Pilg.;

var. var. Stapfex Hook.f. Flora of Turkey andtheEast Aegean Islands (Lipsky) Tzvelev( (Pilg.)Nicora&Rúgolo( Nordic Journal ofBotany Eremopoa 50:1320.1965,N.L.Bor(1893-1972), Catabrosa araraticum Phippsia werdermannii Flora Kavkaza The Flora ofBritishIndia ; , Herbarium Pedemontanum Catabrosa aquatica Catabrosa A Natural Arrangement ofBritish ) Rhodora fl f. Darwiniana , type orescence paniculate,laxpanicle, Nábelek) . Graz1970, minor 1:12.1964, , var. var. 2:783.1891and . Nephelochloa Catabrosella humilis (Lipsky) Woronow; (Lipsky) Woronow ex B. 35(412):137-140,pl.242, (Phil.)Kuntze; Pilg.; , (Lipsky) Woronow ex uni Paracolpodium 23(1):182.1981. 1:112.1928. Catabrosa araratica fl aquatica fl ora attened, 2glumes = Bot. Zhurn.(Mos- Phippsia werder- Zlaki SSSR S.F. Gray) 1891:85.1891, var. var. 119,t.7.1820 14(6):601-607. , f. Catabrosa lat- Catabrosella ( major 7(22):311. laurentiana Catabrosa Notizblatt Phippsia 6:235. .” inP.H. (Bieb.) Colpo- Pilg.; 481. , E.B. Alexeev ex R.R.Mill; ex R.R.Mill; C. ornata Islands Rast. Flora Kavkaza calvertii ( C. parvi (Moscow &Leningrad) Russia. See ornata Eurasia, Russia.See iegatum humilis C. 1966. ser. 2,4:133.1859and Eurasia. See Boiss. &Buhse) Buhse) E.B. Alexeev ex R.R. Mill; Aleks., nom.illeg., non abrosella parvi iegata tha Catabrosella variegata leiantha Asia. See Phippsia himalaica (Hook.f.) Stapf; C. himalaica burgh Russia. See C. gillettii C. leiantha damenta Agrostographiae Asia Minor. See Bieb.) Griseb.; abrosa humilis Eurasia. See and icus Hortensis C. humilis Vyss. Rast. [1896] and parvi calvertii C. calvertii illeg., non calvertii Catabrosa parvi fi (Hack.)E.B. Alexeev ex R.R.Mill; Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow&Leningrad) brosa 1966:32.1966, fl 25:64.1963, var. var. (Nevski) Tzvelev; ora 9:496.1985. subsp. var. var. (Hack.) Tzvelev; (Boiss.)D.Heller; (Boiss.)E.B. Alexeev ex R.R.Mill; (Boiss.) Tzvelev; fl ora

The Flora ofBritishIndia

(Nevski) Czopanov ( (M.Bieb.) Tzvelev ( Catabrosella parvi (Trautv.) Tzvelev( 1966:32.1966. (Bor) Tzvelev( leiantha

subsp.

(Hack.) Czerep.( Grasses ofBurma (Boiss.) Czerep.( Notes from theRoyalBotanicGarden, Edin- Flora URSS leianthum (Boiss.&Buhse)E.B. Alexeev ex R.R.Mill Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. Colpodium leianthum Diagnoses plantarumorientaliumnovarum, 1:361.1840,

(edition2)1:270.1939, (M.Bieb.) Trin.; Glyceria humilis parvi (Hook.f.) Tzvelev( fl Flora Taurico-Caucasica fl ora ora Colpodium himalaicum calvertii (Hack.)E.B. Alexeev, nom.illeg., non Hook.f.) Grasses oftheSoviet Union (Boiss.&Buhse)Czopanov ex E. fl (Boiss.&Buhse)Boiss.; Flora Rossica ora Flora of Turkey andtheEast Aegean (Hack.)Grossh.) var. var. 50:1320.1965. Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. Catabrosella parvi (Boiss.&Buhse) Tzvelev; 2:441,757.1934, Catabrosella variegata 136.1820, Colpodium ornatum Colpodium gillettii (Boiss.)E.B. Alexeev, nom. Catabrosella parvi Flora Rossica Colpodium parvi leiantha Colpodium calvertii Catabrosella variegata fl Colpodium …529.1960, Catabrosella humilis ora Catabrosella humilis Aira humilis (M.Bieb.) Heynh.) subsp. Colpodium humile Hack.; Colpodium parvi 4(13):384.1852and 7(22):240,311.1897 (Hack.)E.B. Alexeev Catabrosa himalaica 1966:32.1966. Nomenclator Botan- 50:1320.1965. Novosti Sist. Vyss. Catabrosella var- 1:57.1808, fi 4(13):384.1852 calvertii (Hook.f.)Bor; brosum Colpodium var- fl M.Bieb.; ora fl Bor) Catabrosella Catabrosella Novosti Sist. Nevski) orum fl Bot. Zhurn. 481.1976. ora (Boiss.& var. var. Boiss.) 1966:32. Trautv.) (Boiss.) subsp. subsp. subsp. subsp. subsp. fl leian- orum Fun- (M. Cat- Cat- 433 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Rast. Flora Kavkaza 1985. 1976, macearum Flora Rossica novarum, Caucasus, Turkey.See variegatum also iegata C. variegata Eurasia. songorica C. songorica and theEast Aegean Islands Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. Woronow; Koch) Steud.; late, numerous racemes,spikelets solitaryandshortlypedicel- plants bisexual, in mostly basal,auriclesabsent,liguleafringeofshorthairs, spitose, creeping,herbaceous,unbranched,unarmed,leaves Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,Zoysiinae, perennial,cae- One species,South Africa. Chloridoideae,Chlorideae,or and (Woronow) Tzvelev; From theGreek Catalepis Stapf&Stent and novarum, ser. 2, Turkey, Eurasia.See 434 pioneer grass,usefulforerosion control. lodicules cuneate,highlypalatable andovergrazed, weed, spike-like panicle,lower glumereduced toasmallscale, zomatous, leafbladerolledand curlywithage,contracted South Africa, Transvaal. Perennial,tufted,creeping,rhi- C. gracilis Species 1929(1): 11-12.1929]. 11-12. 1929[ Catalepis gracilis shallow sandysoil,alongroadsides,stony hillsides,type vlei, disturbedplaces,blackclaynearvleis,openhabitats, plumose, growing inmountaingrassland,sandyveld near cules freeand acuminate, lemmakeeled andacute, paleapresent,2lodi- reduced toasmallsubulate scale,upperglumenarrow and lepis, lepidos Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow&Leningrad) catabrosodes fl 1966:32.1966, oret 1bisexual, 2glumes very unequal,lower glume Flora of Turkey andtheEast Aegean Islands Boiss.; Tzvelev) ser. 1,1(5):1.1844, 1:223.1854, Stapf&Stent Colpodium chrysanthum (Boiss.)Griseb.;

(Boiss.) Tzvelev ( (Tzvelev) Czer. ( 4(13):384.1852, Bulletin ofMiscellaneousInformationKew fl Catabrosa balansae (edition2)1:270.1939, 4:133.1859, eshy, stamens 3,ovary glabrous,2 stigmas Catabrosella variegata kato “ ) fl Stapf &Stent,see orescence spicateorpaniculate,headof fl , ake, scale.” kata Diagnoses plantarumorientalium Grasses oftheSoviet Union Diagnoses plantarumorientalium 1966:32.1966, Colpodium balansae Flora Orientalis “below, downward, down from” 9:496.1985. Flora Orientalis Poa catabrosoides Catabrosella humilis Linnaea Synopsis PlantarumGlu- Aira catabrosoides Boiss.; Woronow; Kew Bulletin 21(4):406.1848, Novosti Sist. Vyss. var. var. 5:577.1884and 50:1320.1965, Flora of Turkey Catabrosa var- 5:578.1884 chrysantha Colpodium K.Koch, (Boiss.) 9:496. subsp. 1929: 482. (K. fl plants bisexual, stiff and 1-sidedpanicle,spikelets many- blade ceous, unbranched,hollow internodes,auriclesabsent,leaf spreading, sometimesgeniculate,smooth,slender, herba- chloinae, annual,oftencoastal,tuftedorsolitary, erector Iran. Pooideae,Poodae,Poeae,or Ammo- About 2species,Europe,Mediterranean,North Africa to 1827 and2:193.1833. botanicus berolinensis Heinrich FriedrichLink(1767-1851),in sion obscure;seetheGermanbotanistandphysician Johann Scleropoa or fromtheGreek foot,” referringtotheshortbranchesclothedwithspikelets, From theGreek Catapodium Link de l‘AfriqueduNord in South Africa: gause gras in English:gause grass type open habitats,sometimesreferredto weed, foundinmaritimesand,disturbedareas,dryplaces, ovary glabrous,stigmas plumose,smallfruitellipsoid, wingless, 2ovate lodicules freeandglabrous,stamens3, obtuse andglabrous,paleanerved andkeeled withkeels and sterile,awnless glumes unequalandpointed,lemmas 1827, Florula belgica,opera majoris prodromus, auctore … Hortus Regius Botanicus Berolinensis Graminées delaFlore Belgique Florae Novae Hollandiae tarum Candollea 76: 350-352.1978[Noteson la Tunisie]and de la Tunisie (1857-1920), Edmond Bonnet(1848-1922)etJ.F. Gustave Barratte 1846, tha alia Pers. proparte, Morocco. See mamoraeum C. mamoraeum Species 230. 2003, tributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium DC.).” owered, (Ledeb.) Schultes( 29(2):335-341.1999,J.M.Dixon,“ Catapodium loliaceum 1:67-70.1753, Flore deDépartementdesHautes-Pyrénées Spicilegium fl Journal ofEcology at, linearleaves, liguleanunfringedmembrane, fl 45:65-74.1990, orets 3-10bisexual oruppermost Journal ofEcology Griseb., (Maire)Stace; 483.Paris 1896[ExplorationScienti Catalogue RaisonnédesPlantes Vasculaires Bulletin delaSociétéd‘Histoire Naturelle Botanical Journal oftheLinneanSociety (Maire) Maire&M. Weiller ( K. gracilis kata katapoda, katapodas fl orae rumelicaeetbithynicae … 28:386.1937, “below, allalong”and . 1:44,145,380.Berolini(Oct-Nov) Flora Anglica K. alpigena Synaphe = 179.1810, 88(4):709-726. Aug 2000, (Huds.)Link,see Cutandia Bothalia Pers., Nardurus mamoraeus Cutandia 92(2):297-309. Apr 2004. Dulac 110,113.1823[1824], Domin, K. albescens Catalepis Stapf&Stent 27:75-82.1997, 10.1754, 1:44,145,280.1827, Bulletin delaSociété Desmazeria Observations surles andrelatedgenera.], Willk. “straightway,” allu- Koeleria macran- Hortusregius K. cristata fl Species Plan- podion oret reduced Micropyrum Prodromus auct.non 90.1867, Dumort., Maire) fi 2:431. que de “little Both- 157. Con- (L.) 48: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC leaves, plantsbisexual, in or decumbent,ligulemembranous,auriclesabsent,short Europe, Turkey, Mediterranean. Annual, tufted,tiny, erect acea rigida Huds.; C. marinum Botanical Journal oftheLinneanSociety d‘Histoire Naturelle del‘Afriquedu Catatherophora Steud. inrolled leaves, stiff in and membranous,leafsheathglabrousribbed, erect orspreadingandgeniculateatthebase,liguleacute often coastal,smalltotiny, glabrous,rigid,slender, tufted, Europe, Mediterranean. Annual, muchbranchedatthebase, tuca marina mazeria marinum marina (Huds.) Link; on sandysoils,see ground, openhabitats,maritimehabitat,coastalgrassland, erosion control,seashore,stony places,walls, baresandy ovary glabrous,fruitcompressedandgrooved, usefulfor rowly ellipticandstrongly2-keeled, 2lodicules,3stamens, iculate, spikelets distichousanderect,2glumes,paleanar- dense raceme-like panicles,in L.; Chapm.; Sm.; zeria rigidum ria rigida (L.) C.E.Hubb.; C. rigidum in Italian:logliarellomarino itime in French:fétuquemarine,catapodemaritime,ivraie mar- in English:stiff sandgrass,seaferngrass,darnelpoa Soc 1954: 375.1954 156. 1912 Hort. Berol with rigidandascendingbranches, spikelets, erectand1-sidedpanicle lineartonarrowly ovate Flora Caroliniana, secundum… in dampsituations,limestone, see ballast, insandorsandysoil,on sandyandgravelly beaches, areas, dryhabitatsandsubstrates, alongroadsides,railway dune areas,depletedpasture,gardens, onsandydisturbed wasteland, dryopenplaces,rocky outcrops,walls, sea scabrid keels, low foragevalue, weed ofdisturbedareas, glumes pointedandsubequal,lemmasobtuse,paleaswith English Flora Plantarum HortiRegii Berolinensis Altera . 91:440.1985. Poa rigida

(Huds.) Woods) Poa cristata (L.)Griseb.; Sclerochloa loliacea (L.)Rothm.; Festuca rigida (L.) Tutin; ,

. Feddes Repertorium L. (L.) C.E.Hubb. ex Dony ( 1: 45.1827and 1:119.1824, (L.) Tutin; L. ; (L.) C.E.Hubb. Desmazeria loliacea

, Festuca rottboelloides

Catapodium rigidum ; Willdenowia (L.)Druce; Walter, nom.illeg., non Sclerochloa rigida Amoenitates Academici … Amoenitates Academici Synaphe rigida Desmazeria rigida Desmazeria marina (L.)Raspail; fl fl orescence withoblongawnless Diplachne rigida orescence aracemeorpanicle, Annales desSciences Woods ex Bab.; 6(2):291.1971, Scottish BotanicalReview fl Festuca loliacea orescence racemoseorpan- 52:177.1943, ( 80.1788, Flora Anglica Catapodium loliaceum (L.)Dulac) fl Nord 33(4):96.1942, Nyman; (L.)Link; (L.)Dony; orets widelyspaced, Catapodium rigidum Kunth; Glyceria rigida (L.) Tutin; (L.)Druce; 76:350.1978. Poa cristata (L.)Munroex Scleropoa loli- 1:90.1821, 4:96.1759, Poa loliacea Bot. J. Linn. Enumeratio auct.; Demazeria Naturel 10.1754, Scleropoa Kew Bull. Demaze- Desma- Des- (L.) (L.) Fes- les, 1: codae, Paniceae, see Panicoideae, Paniceae, Cenchrinae,orPanicoideae, Pani- barium 1994, Herb. Pl. spine, chaff, prickle,awn” and “puri Possibly fromtheGreek Cathariostachys S.Dransf. Greek Catatherophora Steud. itatus Madagascar. See Munro; C. capitata Species Madagascar.” new bamboogenera(Gramineae-Bambusoideae) from forests, seeS.Drans riostachys capitata Two species,Madagascar. Bambusoideae, type ring tothecyanogenic partsofthebamboos. 145. 1868and 1830, C. rigidum in South Africa: steifgras in Italian:logliarelloruderale in Morocco:mahadounsrhir in French:catapoderigide,paturinrigide hard meadow-grass in English:ferngrass,hardrigidfescue,poa, 49(2): 256.2000. States Hautes-Pyrénées bithynicae … apodium rigidum Wales Europe, Mediterranean. Flora ofSouth Africa sional remarks.437.1953, arranged accordingtothesystemofLinnæus,withocca- hending suchplantsasgrow wildinthecountyofBedford, (1761-1817), Charles Abbot Botanique 1:72.1805, fi Kunth; 22:210.1921, 609.1897and Transactions oftheLinneanSocietyLondon Contributions from the United StatesNationalHer- 136. 1991, er,” 46:527-536.2003. kato Cephalostachyum peclardii 5:445.1825, katharos (L.)C.E.Hubb. ex Dony subsp.

, (Kunth) S.Dransf.( kata 2:431.1844, Ochlandra capitata Kew Bulletin Les Bambusées Flora 90.1867, var. var. The Grasses of Tasmania “below, downward” plus Révision desGraminées (Kunth) S.Dransf.,lowlands, mountain “pure,” fi Species Plantarum Flora oftheBritishIsles 4: 1888.1986, 12:465.1829and eld, “ rigidum Flora Mesoamericana Spicilegium Bot. J. Linn.Soc. 53(2):375-397.1998. kathairo kathartikon Valiha Flora oftheSouthernUnited Flora Bedfordiensis ) = Flore deDépartementdes 183.1913, phoros (Kunth) E.G.Camus) Beesha capitata Pennisetum and A. Camus; A. “topurge,” Grasses ofNew South “bearing.” “purgatives,” refer- fl Cathariostachys orae rumelicaeet 1:60.1753, Contr. U.S. Natl. 52.1991, 1:325,t.75. 91: 439.1985, Bulletin dela rigidum 6:371-374. ather 1434.1952, Nastus cap- Rich. , compre- kathartes (Kunth) “barb, Catha- 26(1): ( Taxon Cat- Syn. 435 , 2 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC in Madagascar: volosy, volohosy, volotsangana in French:bambougéant in English:giantbamboo 391, 394.1998. Botanique deFrance pseudopetioles andyoungshoots,see sume thecynogenic parts—youngleafbases, favourite foodofthebamboolemurs, Madagascar. Bamboo,stoloniferous,solitarystems,the nique deFrance collector inMadagascar, see peclardii lostachyum madagascariense Possibly fromtheGreek Cathestecum J. Presl C. madagascariensis 53(2): 378,391.1998. Société BotaniquedeFrance 436 lateral spikelets sessileand2- dense fringeofhairs,plantsbisexual, in auricles absent,sheathsteretewithopenmargins, ligulea decumbent, stoloniferous,caespitose,leaves mostlybasal, herbaceous, unarmed,glabrous,erectorascending doideae, Cynodonteae,Boutelouinae,annualorperennial, About 5-6species,Mexico, U.S.,Guatemala.Chlori- katasketos in the spikelets intriplets,maleandfemalefertilespikelets mixed spike, racemescuneate,eachracemewithdimorphous Artes National Herbarium 18: 61-65.1999, N.J. 1983, Sida México collectors inMexico.” 45. 1884and 5): 294-295,t.42.1830, thin lemmas,awns 3,palea present,2freeand tles deciduouswiththespikelets, 2glumesvery unequal, usually maleorneuter, spikelets subtendedbysolitarybris- stratum ground, undertreesandshrubs,type open habitats,dryareas,hillsides,scrub,gravelly icules, stamens0-3,ovary glabrous,2plumosestigmas, Phytologia 495-501. 1937, Journal ofthe Washington Academy ofSciences loch, compiledby, “A preliminaryveri Botanical Club 17:111-114.1996, 2(4,21):134,141.1805, 2:1-344.1987, J.Presl,see fl A. Camus)(namedforamisterPéclard,grass orescence, centralspikelet fertileand3- , 37(4):317-407.1977, katasketon Taxon Contr. U.S. Nat.Herb. 105:134-138.1978,Irving William Knob- 72:88.1925) Fieldiana, Botany 33:126-134.1984, Contributions from theUnitedStates 41:20-33.2001. 72:87-88.1925, Variedades deCiencias,Literatura y , “heldback,kept back,heldfast.”

Phytologia Memoirs Flora Mesoamericana (A. Camus)S.Dransf.( kathestekotos Aliso Bull. Torrey Bot.Club = 72:87-88.1925, A. Camus; A. Bulletin delaSociétéBota- 17(2):99-130.1998, fl Reliquiae Haenkeanae Bouteloua owered, 2lower spikelets 24(2):38-331.1955, 14(3):358-363.1912, Bulletin ofthe Torrey Bulletin delaSociété Hapalemur , “ Kew Bulletin Las Gramíneas de fl Cathestecum Cephalostachyum fi fi orescence afalse ed listofplant xedly, steadily,” . VI. Plain . VI. Lag. 6:296.1994, Kew Bulletin fl 11:37,t. spp.con- eshy lod- fl 27(12): owered, Cepha- 53(2):

Aliso fi 1(4- pro- eld, C. multi the Torrey BotanicalClub Mexico. In Hack.) acitana 58-59. 1829and cies Plantarum ica gigantea bi lemma coriaceous,awn bigeniculate,paleasmembranous icle open,spikelets lanceolate,glumes 3-nerved orveined, Stipinae, perennial,ligulesmembranousscabrous,laxpan- One species,westernMediterranean.Pooideae,Stipeae, Celtica F.M. Vázquez andBarkworth dation of Vázquez andMaryE.Barkworth, “Resurrectionandemen- States NationalHerbarium Journal oftheLinneanSociety C. brevifolium in Mexico: gramachina,pasto 1999. stecum brevifolium Herbarium Mexico. See Columbus; Academy ofSciences gravelly soil,alongroadsides,see Mexico. Goodforage,medicinal,mat-forming,foundon in Mexico: pasto 1977. bus; C. brevifolium Species of Sciences Mexico. Fodder, see Bouteloua varia C. varium 1987. Mexico. See A.A. Beetle, C. tamaulipense in Mexico: gramachina, zacate ences 42. 1830and Mexico. Forage, see Cathestecum annuum C. prostratum Botanical Club fi d, 3lodicules,anthers,type Cathestecum brevifolium 27(12):497.1937. 21:163-165.1996, fi dum Macrochloa 14(3):360,f.24.1912, Swallen ( fl 27(12):498.1937, Grif (Link)F.M. Vázquez andBarkworth), see orescence reddishtogreenish,see Contributions from the United StatesNational Journal ofthe Washington Academy ofSci- Grif Swallen var. J.Presl( Swallen ( 1:78-81.1753, 105(2):134.1978. fi (Swallen) Columbus) Pierceex Beetle thsochloa multi Preslia Swallen; fi ths ( Reliquiae Haenkeanae 27(12):500.1937, Swallen) Journal ofthe Washington Academy Cathestecum brevifolium (Gramineae:Stipeae).” 48(2):186.1976, Bouteloua diversispicula Las Gramíneas deMéxico Bouteloua multi Bouteloua grif 11:37,pl.45.1884. 48:432.2003,FranciscoM. Contributions from theUnited sonorense Cathestecum erectum var. var. 144(4):483-495. Apr 2004. Phytologia Révision desGraminées fi Stipa gigantea Journal ofthe Washington da brevifolium (Grif Bulletin ofthe Torrey Cathestecum J.Presl Pacheco L.( fi fi fi 37(4):317-407. thsii Aliso ths) G.J.Pierce) dum Acta Bot.Mal- 1(4-5):295,t. ) Columbus; Link( 18(1):63. (Grif Bulletin of Botanical Swallen; Colum- Vasey & 2:177. Cathe- fi Celt- Spe- ths) 1: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC orum eratura y Artes Flora Lusitanica Secunda Portugal, Spain,Morocco.See pellita Font Quer; 1991, Index Hort.Budapest Portugal gigantea 1989, Vázquez &Devesa; gigantea Hack.; Southwest Portugal. sterilis C. gigantea Morocco. maroccana C. gigantea Portugal, Spain,Morocco. worth donyanae C. gigantea ical Journal oftheLinneanSociety chloa arenaria worth; donyanae cavanillesii Fabr., Species Plantarum precious stonebigasagrain ofmillet;seeCarlLinnaeus, Plinius foran Arabian diamondoranunknown kindof From theGreek Cenchrus L. suroides Panicoideae, Paniceae, Cenchrinae,type Resembling thegenus Cenchropsis Nash C. gigantea Species Cenchropsis Nash edition 5.470.1754. National Herbarium 109, 1327.1903, 1050. 1753and 96.1842, Anales Jard. Bot.Madrid (Trin. &Rupr.) Tzvelev) Boletim daSociedadeBroteriana, ser. 2 Vázquez andBarkworth Lasiagrostis gigantea Nastus Stipa arenaria (Kunth) Nash,see 1:118.1762, 16.1880and subsp. subsp. (F.M. Vázquez &Devesa) F.M. Vázquez &Bark- (VázquezandBarkworth) Vázquez andBark- Lag.; Font Quer) Vázquez and Barkworth (Link)F.M. Vázquez andBarkworth ( (Link)F.M. Vázquez andBarkworth subsp. (Link)F.M. Vázquez andBarkworth subsp. (Link)F.M. Vázquez andBarkworth subsp. Stipa gigantea 4(19):39.1805, (Brot.)Kunth; Lunell, Flora oftheSoutheasternUnitedStates… kenchros donyanae = 1:86.1804, Catalogue RaisonnédesGraminées de Avena sterilis maroccana . 1049.1753and Contributions from theUnitedStates Cenchropsis 46:144-150.2003. Stipa gigantea 90.1934, Iter Maroccanum Journal fürdieBotanik Brot.; Cenchrus = “millet”;Latin Raram F.M. Vázquez &Devesa; var. var. Cenchrus (Link) Trin. &Rupr.; Species Plantarum (Pau &Font Quer)F.M. Variedades deCiencias,Lit- Macrochloa gigantea Stipa gigantea L.; Species Graminum Stipace- Species Plantarum,Editio 52: 179-186.1995, L. mesatlantica Grass. Saudi Arabia Adans. Nash, Celtica gigantea var. var. 124:202-203.1997. L. Genera Plantarum 1927:no.23.1928, maroccana Cenchropsis myo- cenchros Echinaria 2:313.1799, Andr.; Link; 64:35-74. 2:1049- , usedby Macro- Pau & (Link) subsp. Botan- Avena 123. Stipa Stipa Stipa

. in gent, plantsbisexual withonlyasinglespike-like axis, blades linearorlinear-lanceolate, sometimesleaves pun- rim, looseleafsheathskeeled andcompressed,narrow leaf zomatous, auriclesabsent,liguleashortciliatemembranous culms, herbaceous,slender, branched,stoloniferousorrhi- perennial, tufted,erectorprocumbent,weakgeniculate iceae, orPanicoideae, Paniceae, Cenchrinae, annualor tropical andwarm temperate.Panicoideae, Panicodae, Pan- About 22-30species,cosmopolitan,warm anddryregions, fl of bristles,spikelets unawned andfalling withtheglumes, spiny, deciduousinvolucre composedof1ormorewhorls clustered, sessileinvolucre ofsterilespikelets hardenedand bristles fusedandoftenunitedatbase,spikelets solitaryor INRA, Paris 1991, see species overlapping andconfusedwith pampas, bush, rainforest,sandyandweedyplaces,some disturbed land,woodland onpoorersoils,coastaldunes, shade species,ornamental,grows onopengrasslands, drought resistantandtolerantofhardgrazing,soilstabilizer, species arepronetorootrots,native pasturespecies, and theirspinesdamageskin,indamporwetsoilssome phytic, troublesomepricklyspiny burrs contaminatewool and bristlesontheseeds,weed,cultivated fodder, halo- icules absent,stamens3,ovary glabrous,stigmas2,spines glume minuteorsometimessuppressed,paleapresent,lod- glumes very unequalandshorterthanthespikelet, lower hermaphrodite deciduouswiththespiny involucre, 2 and JohnL.Hammerton, 35, 597.1763, Cenchrus 259-351. 1963[Taxonomy anddistribution ofthegenus Methodica Plantarum C. agrimonioides in Mexico: rosapillo C. Species National Herbarium (Poaceae: Paniceae)], 523-530. 2001[Nomenclaturalchangesin Flora ofEthiopiaandEritrea the SoutheasternUnitedStates… 1984, 143. 1955, Journal ofthe Washington Academy ofSciences the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium ican MidlandNaturalist sanensis Cenchrus fusiformis Meyen; orets 1or2,lower fl sp. orescence afalse simplecylindrical spike, in Species Plantarum Acta Amazonica Cenchrus pedunculatus F. Br.; ], Kurtziana Iowa StateCollege Journal ofScience Cenchrus calyculatus Flora Atlantica Trin.( Flora Mesoamericana 46:144-150.2003. Nees; 4:95-129.1967, Contributions from theUnitedStates 206.1759, fl 14(1-2):95-127.1984,J.Fournet 2:1049-1050.1753, 4:214.1915, oret sterileormale,upper Cenchrus agrimonioides Weeds of theLesser Antilles Cenchrus fusiformis 7:275-279.1995, 2:385.1799and Degener & Whitney) 109,1327.1903, Familles desPlantes var. var. Taxon Contributions from 22:45-77.1929, Pennisetum 6:374-375.1994, uni fl 33:126-134. orus 45(5):135- Pennisetum Enumeratio fl Sida orescence Nees& var. var. Hillebr.; Flora of Rich., 19(3): Amer- 37(3): fl lay- oret 437 2: . Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC blades sheaths keeled orcompressed,liguleadenselyciliaterim, Annual, herbaceous,tufted,erectorgeniculatelyascending, Tropical Africa, Sahel, Sudan, Yemen, subtropical Africa. De Graminibus Paniceis U.S., Hawaii. Perennial,endangeredorextinct species,see Northwestern Hawaiian Islands) pedunculatus nom. illeg., non C. australis in Hawaii: kamanomano,kumanomano in English:Laysanagrimony sandbur Museum Bulletin C. agrimonioides in English:agrimony sandbur U.S., Hawaii. Perennial,endangeredspecies C. agrimonioides in Hawaii: kamanomano,kumanomano in English:agrimony sandbur P. BishopMuseumBulletin 1843, Med. Acad. Caes.Leop.-Carol. Nat.Cur. Paniceis mountains, grows inwell-drainedsoil,see U.S., Hawaii. Perennial,endangeredspecies,occursinthe 438 tus Cenchrus niloticus tarum, quaeautsponte… Australia, Queensland.See Delile; Cenchrus barbatus C. bi in English:hillsideburrgrass lium, editiodecimasexta Florae Novae Hollandiae chrus catharticus any weed, adaptedtohotanddrytropicalareas,itdoesnothave wildlife, exact native rangeobscure,paleotropicalinvasive base oftheburr, thorny grainsmaywound livestock and fl rounded byarigidinvolucre in 2 whorls,innerbristles spike-like formed ofclustersspikelets, spikelets sur- into porridge,athinbread( raw, inSudanseeds arepoundedandeatenraw ormade mixed with ria), seedsusedformaking bread,inIndiaseedseaten nomadic Tuareg andsettledpopulations, seedseaten(Nige- Sahel, innorthwesternSahel afoodresourceforthe source offodder, foodfortheherdsgrazingthroughout species, grazedbymostanimalsinitsjuvenile state,a attened, outerbristlesshortandspiny, ovoid discatthe Stapf&C.E.Hubb.; fl fl ood tolerance,usedforhayandsilage,native pasture orus Flora oftheHawaiianIslands fl Cenchrus catharticus at andrigid,laminalinear-lanceolate, in 72.1826, Roxb. ( bajra R.Br. ( O.Deg. & Whitney) (LaysanIslandinthe Elymus caput-medusae (millet)forbreadmaking,seeds alsoeaten 81:20.1931. Delile; Trin.var. Trin.var. Cenchrus annularis Fig.&DeNot.; Gramineae Schumacher; Cenchrus calyculatus 72.1826and Cenchrus leptacanthus 1:303.1825. 1:196.1810, Elymus caput-medusae 5:40,t.463.1799, 81:20.1931. agrimonioides Icones etDescriptionesPlan- Schltdl.,nom.illeg., non laysanensis kisra 38.1841, ) isalsomadefromthe Cenchrus perinvolucra- 505.1888and Cenchrus catharticus Andersson ex Peters; L.) 19(Suppl.1):170. Bernice P. Bishop Systema Vegetabi- F. Br. ( Nova Acta Phys.- Nova Acta Cav.) De Graminibus fl A. Camus; A. Prodromus orescence Cenchrus Forssk., Bernice Cen- Turin sis 78. 1829, bur, gallons curse,2- in English:burgrass, bur grass,Indiasandbur, Indiansand- neous InformationKew Guineeiske planter Indica; orDescriptions… Hortus Bengalensis,oracatalogue … Selsk. Naturvidensk.Math. Afh. nach Mossambique… Botanique deFrance Giardino Colon.Palermo bare sandyground,see rainfall woodland savannah onsand,abandonedcultivation, arid andsemiaridregions, hotanddrytropicalareas,inlow- disturbed lands,orangesand,insandyplains,bush, in uous bushland, sanddunesavannah anddesertfringes,on light sandysoils,coastalsanddunescrubwoodland, decid- grows onsanddunesandsandysoils,clayey soilsand logical siteof Tichitt ChebkaIII(Mauritania, West Africa), Cenchrus bi seeds, agrasswithhypotenisve activity, impressionsof norna, norolan,xam kebè, khakham, khamkham,ngoj,ngojin,ngotj,norma, in Senegal: gebi,haham,hamham,hébbe, hobbéré,kebbè, in Sahara:ouezzeg (Tuareg) in Sudan:haskaneet,haskanit, abu sha‘ar, haskanitkishin in Sahel:wezzeg, wezzag,cram-cram nyakkabre kumba, karanguja,kebbe, kora-kondo, ngibbi,njimi,njiwi, K‘arangiya, karangiyàà,karangiyààgumba, in Nigeria:apiiwa, emimo,eemo,hebbere, ikon, ikpolikpo, nögu, wadjâk, wajjag, wuajjag hobbéré, karanguia,karanguya,k’arangya,kébbé,ngibbi, gasba, gerengyari,gobi,gôbi,hansaelik,hebbere,hébbo, in Niger:daani,dané,dani(Djerma/Zarma),dâni,éneti, in Mauritania:e’neti,elgasba, gasba, initi,niti norolan, uéjag,uzag,uzak,wadjak initi, khine,kolomon, konomon, koolumo ya,koreib, norna, in Mali:cram-cram,cramcram,dané,dani,gasba, heskinit, in Guinea-Bissau:quebè in Guinea:anyalangò, dialango, djalangò,uyalankon in Ghana:karengia in Gambia:casso in BurkinaFaso: cram-cram in Botswana: kram-kram initi, koreib, niti in Arabic: e’neti,elgasba, gasba, heskinit,höbbeladjais, 1838:4.1839, 14:380,t.33.1854, Catalogus plantarumhortibotanicimonspelien- fl orus seedsinpotsherdsfoundthearcheo- Mémoires del‘AcadémiedesSciences 43-44.1827, fl 80:774.1933, owered sandspur. 553. 1863and Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica 1933:299.1933. 9:51.1910, 1:238.1820, Naturwissenschaftliche Reise 3:63-64.1828, Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Boll. RealeOrtoBot. Bulletin delaSociété Bulletin ofMiscella- 81.1814, Beskrivelse af Cenchrus L. Linnaea 25.1775, Flora 4: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC C. brownii Rheedea Columbian Museum,BotanicalSeries Mexico. See fi Steud.; Cenchrus echinatus icanas Plantas la SociétéBotaniquedeFrance echinatus C. brevisetus bhurat, bhurt,bhurut,dhaman,kukar, lapta in India:argana, baront,basla,bharbhunt,bharont,bharut, in Kanuri:Ngibbi in Yoruba: emimo,eemo in Yemen:kurbays rani in Upper Volta: dani,diubiguina,hebbere,kebbe, kinangu, Cenchrus L. illeg., non (Spreng.) Spreng.ex Griseb.; Cenchrus rigidus Cenchrus viridis bristle sandbur, slim-bristlesandburr, in English:burgrass, burrgrass, Agric. Brasiliensis Flora oftheBritish West IndianIslands laena in illeg., non crowded, innerbristles spikelet involucre in2whorls,burs imbricateordensely leaves scatteredalongculms,in bent androotingatthenodes,sheathsslightlycompressed, erect tostraggling,glabrous,culmbasessometimesdecum- Mexico, Southern America. Annual, herbaceous,tufted, R. Br.; 1817, Novae Hollandiae 1824, Méthodique, Botanique near theocean,indisturbedplaces,see and forestborders,sandysoils,savannah, onbeachesand pioneer grass,forage,invader, grows insandywaste places C. caliculatus in Japan:kuri-no-iga in South Africa: fynklitsgras, knopklitsgras mosoto lanudo in Mexico: cadillo,cadillobobo,guachapure,huizapol, in Honduras:mozotedecaballo in Ecuador:cadillo in CostaRica:mozote ne burgrass, 41.Caracas1937. Systema Vegetabilium, editio decima sexta Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Cenchrus echinatus Cenchrus australis fl 10(2):153-155.2000. exa var. var. Cenchrus anomoplexis Roemer&J.A.Schultes( Cenchrus in 2(2):309-310.1877and (Poir.) Pittier) Species Plantarum

E. Fourn. ( fi Cav. ( brevisetus 2:50.1886and ne bur grass, sandbur, greensandspur var. var. Willd. ex Döll; 195.1810, L.; Cenchrus anomoplexis fl macrocephalus fl exus 6:50.1804, attened, greenfruits,weedspecies, (E.Fourn.) Scribn.) Cenchrus echinatus Cenchrus echinatus var. var. Steud.ex Döll,nom.illeg., non Poir.; Cenchrus in Systema Vegetabilium fi sér. 2,27:294.1880, fl 2:1050.1753, latifolius ne-bristled burrgrass, slim- Cenchrus viridis orescence denselyspicate, Desf.; Publications oftheField Cenchrus in Cenchrus dactylolepis Döll; fi Prodromus Florae Bol. Técn. Minist. Bol. Técn. Cenchrus australis ne-bristle sandbur, 556.1864, Drake; fl 2(1):26.1900, exus 1:109.1854, Labill.,nom. L.; Encyclopédie Pseudechino- var. var. R.Br., nom. fl Bulletin de exus Cenchrus Cenchrus Spreng.; 1:301. 2:258. viridis Poir.; Flora Mex- (Fig. &DeNot.)Chiov.; intermedia formis Cenchrus mutabilis longifolius noides Not.; Tausch, nom.illeg., non & Sundararaj; nom. illeg., non Not.; Not.) Chiov.; ciliaris Cenchrus ciliaris ex Pirotta; chrus ciliaris ciliaris Cenchrus ciliaris Paci cup”) calyculatum calyculatus pressed andkeeled, blade at lower nodes,tiny liguledenselyciliate,sheathcom- bling, trailing,robust, shortwoody rhizome,culms rooting Perennial orannual,formingclumpsdensemats,scram- anjana chrus ciliaris Plantarum Glumacearum Vegetabilium, editiodecimasexta C. ciliaris in SocietyIslands:piripiri in Tonga:hefa bur-grass in English:hillsideburrgrass, large burr grass,Polynesian 252. Paris 1892. ian Islands 1810, 463. 1799, et DescriptionesPlantarum,quaeautsponte… open areas,sunny places,coastalthickets, see on poorsoils,nearcoast,rocky coasts,onoldlava adhering toseabirdfeathers,afodderplant,weed,found fruits, stragglingover vegetation, probablydispersedby brous, upperlemmabisexual andscabrous,sharp-pointed upper glumeacute,lower lemmasterileormaleandsca- burrs purplishtoblack,spinessoft,lower glumeobtuse, ceolate, paniclespike-like, spikelets glabrous inclusters, nom. illeg., non dia chrus ciliaris Cenchrus ciliaris Chiov. ex Pirotta; (Chiov.) Chiov.; fi c Islands,New Zealand, Australia, New Guinea. Cenchrus digynus Cenchrus ciliaris Sertum Austro-Caledonicum Hochst.&Steud.; Wight ex Steud.; Ham.ex Wallich; var. var. var. var. Hochst.ex Steud.; L.( Chiov.; 505.1888, Cav.; Cenchrus ciliaris pallens Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae (Cav.) Spreng.)(Latin nubicus var. var. Fig.&DeNot.; var. var. Cenchrus ciliaris Cenchrus lappaceus Cenchrus ciliaris Cenchrus aequiglumis Cenchrus ciliaris var. var. var. var. var. var. pennisetiformis Cenchrus pennisetiformis Cenchrus taitensis (Fenzlex Leeke) Maire& Weiler; Cenchrus ciliaris leptostachys T. Durand&Schinz,nom.illeg., non Wight ex Hook.f.; Cenchrus ciliaris nubicus nubicus var. var. genuinus Flore delaPolynésie française Ehrenb. ex Boiss.; Cenchrus lappaceus Cenchrus glaucus 1:419.1854, Cenchrus bulbosus fl Cenchrus pennisetiformis Cenchrus pennisetiformis villiferus at, leafbladesnarrowly lan- var. var. Cenchrus ciliaris Cenchrus mutilatus Fig.&DeNot.; Fig.&DeNot.; (Leeke) Maire& Weiler; (Leeke) Maire& Weiler, var. var. (Hochst.&Steud.)Chiov. var. var. var. var. 1:303.1825, 14,t.19.1824, L.; rigidifolius var. var. T. Durand &Schinz, caliculus, i genuina villiferus Steud.; Cenchrus lappaceus Cenchrus penniseti- villiferus var. var. Flora oftheHawai- Chiov.; genuina C.R.Mudaliar Cenchrus echi- var. var. Fresen.; anachoreticus L.; Chiov.; (Fig.&De Fig.&De Pennisetum f. Fig.&De rigidifolia “asmall Cenchrus Cenchrus Cenchrus Cenchrus 5:40,t. Synopsis Kuntze; 1:196. interme- Chiov.; Systema Icones fi var. Cen- Cen- Cen- var. elds, 439 … Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Steud., nom.illeg., non typica 440 Spreng.; scens (L.) Link; chroides echinoides cenchroides prieurii L.; cum vulpinum less glabrousandlinear, in brous tosparinglypiloseandcompressed,leaves moreor and geniculate,toughrootstock,liguleciliate,sheathsgla- tufted, very variable in habit,ascending,basedecumbent shrub-like, wirytowoody, oftenformingtussocksormat, nial bunchgrass, rarelyspreading,profuselybranched, Tropical Africa, Middle East,India,Pakistan, Syria.Peren- (Willd.) P. Beauv.) anachoreticum Desf.; chrus rigidifolius nisetum ciliare Pennisetum prieurii ciliare hamphilahense nisetum ciliare nisetum distylum Penz.; Pennisetum polycladum mutilatum lens Steud.; united onlyatthebasetoformadisc,outerbristles by numerousbristlesnotspiny, pricklyburs, innerbristles bristly involucres, solitaryorclusteredspikelets surrounded green orpurplish,involucre elongate, spikelets seatedin with to waterlogging, inIndia(Rajasthan) seedseatenmixed established, soilstabilizer, very droughtresistant,sensitive green orturnedintosilage,tolerantofheavy grazingonce forage, nutritive value ofnew growth very good,canbefed moderately highoxalatecontent,native pasturespecies, adaptable, palatablewhenyoung,cultivated fodderwitha and subtropicalareaswidelynaturalized,invasive and ual, ornamental,weedspeciesintroducedintomany tropical lemma maleorsterilerarelybisexual, upperlemmabisex- mucronate, lemmassubequalandminutelyawned, lower lower glumeusuallynerveless andacute,upperglume occurs mostlyonsandysoils andalluvial sites, alongroadsidesandwater courses,dryriver beds, silty andalluvialsoils,shifting sanddunes,sandstonerocky limestone, creeklines,river edges,roadsidetable drains, soils ofmarginal fertility, onlightsandysoils,inheavy Pennisetum cenchroides Fenzlex Leeke; bajra (Desf.)Spreng.; Chiov.; var. var. Cenchrus setigerus Pennisetum ciliare Pennisetum longifolium Kunth; var. var. Pennisetum teneriffae (Kuntze) Leeke; (Hochst.&Steud.)Hook.f.; Pennisetum ciliare (millet) forbreadmaking,seeds alsoeatenraw, leptostachys Rich.ex Pers.; hamphilahense Willd., nom.illeg., non Cenchrus pubescens Chiov.; f. var. var. (Terracc.) T. Durand&Schinz; Pennisetum rangei Guss.; longifolium Fig.&DeNot.; A. Chev., nom.illeg., non genuina Pennisetum ciliare Leeke; Chiov.; Pennisetum ciliare Pennisetum rufescens Pennisetum incomptum var. var. Vahl; fl Pennisetum rufescens Rich.,nom.illeg.; orescence densespike-like pale Leeke; Pennisetum petraeum Peter; Terracc.; f. Pennisetum cenchroides setigerum Fenzlex Steud.; Panicum vulpinum Pennisetum ciliare Pennisetum prieurii Steud.; brachystachys Mez; L.ex B.D.Jacks.; Pennisetum ciliare Pennisetum ciliare Cenchrus rufescens Pennisetum ciliare (Vahl) Leeke; Panicum vulpinum var. var. Pennisetum rufe- Pennisetum cen- fl Setaria vulpina var. var. ats, onshallow Hochst.ex ciliare Peter; Pennisetum Pennisetum Pennisetum Pennisetum Neesex robustior L.; var. var. (Desf.) fi Steud.; Kunth; liform, ; Pani- Cen- var. Pen- Pen- Pen- var. var. pal- Agronomie Coloniale Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis zengeschichte undP 368. 1913, Centrale Française, Énumeration desPlantesRécoltées by Carlvon Linné…53.London1912, herbarium, Botanico diRoma de l‘AfriqueduNord: schaften bharbhunt, charwa, dhaman,dhamman,handri,jiral, in India:anajan,andho,angan, anjan,anjana,baiba,bandri, in Arabic: heskanit, aebaed rhodesiana, zacatebuffel in Mexico: buffel, coladezorraafricana, buffel in Spanish:pastobuffel, yerbabuffel, yerbasalina,zacate in French:cenchruscilié,pennisetumfaux napier nisetum, pearlmillet African foxtail,anjangrass,malopoblue,poorman‘spen- grass, foxtailRhodesianfoxtail, African foxtailgrass, Gayndah buffel grass,South African kyasuwa, dhaman U.S. buffel grass, Biloelabuffel grass,blackbuffel grass, in English:bluebuffalo grass,buffalo grass,buffel grass, Restoration Ecology land afterinvasion by Buffel Grass( “Experimental restorationofanindigenousHawaiian grass- … 287.1960,CurtisC.DaehlerandErinM.Goergen, Natural HistorySociety 2: 138.1837, Ind. Sem.Hort.Bocc. 1825, 51. 1812, ensis, … 395. 1805, Roma 3: 347.1898and cus. Editiosecunda 1799, Reale IstitutoBotanicodiRoma Mantissa Plantarum ciliare regions anddenudedaridlands,oftentreatedas woodlands andcalcareousareas,hotdryinsandy rocky hillsides,onsandyloamandclaysoils,inopen Botanico diRoma of BritishIndia Conspectus Florae Africae Annuario delRealeIstitutoBotanicodiRoma Botanico InternazionaledeGenova 1892 Glumacearum Torino 1844, 8(1):43-44.1903, Hortus Regius BotanicusBerolinensis (L.)Link,many ecotypesandstrainsareknown, see , ser. 2,14:383,386,392.1854, Syn. Pl. Memorie dellaReale Accademia delleScienzedi 79:21-22,33.1907, 1031. 1809, Systema Vegetabilium, editiodecimasexta Enumeratio PlantarumHortiBotaniciBerolin- with indicationofthetypespeciesmarked Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P Flora 1:105-106,109.1854, 1:72.1805, 7:88.1896, 8(3):325-326.1908, 7:66.1897, Annuario delRealeIstitutoBotanicodi 1:317.1840, 20(1):57.1837, 13(2):380-389.June2005. 302.1771, Essai d‘uneNouvelle Agrostographie 8.1828, 1: 342.1952, fl anzengeographie 54:926.1957, 20:108.1926, 5:776,778.1894, Zeitschrift fürNaturwissen- Enumeratio Plantarum… Revisio GenerumPlantarum Annuario delRealeIstituto Annuario delRealeIstituto Museum Senckenbergianum 6:167.1896, Flora Atlantica Flora Orientalis Journal oftheBombay Nomenclator Botani- 40:71.1930, Index totheLinnean Cenchrus ciliaris Synopsis Plantarum Atti delCongresso Grasses ofBurma Flore del‘Afrique 1892:366.1892, 57:190.1921, 1:213.1827, Repertorium Annuario del 5:93.1894, Cenchrus L. Pennisetum The Flora 2:388. 5:449. 1:302. Flore fl an- 2: 1: ).” Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC C. echinatus 234. 1866. West Indies,Cuba.See C. distichophyllus Plantarum Glumacearum C. dactylolepis in Sudan:haskanitnaim,heskanit weso (Zulu) pokogras, skaapgras;modula-tjava (Sotho);se-be-kxare-ya- buffel, katstertgras,katstertjie,lidjiesgras,pêrelmanne, laargras, buffelgras, donkiegras, droëland(s)gras,katstert- in Southern Africa: bloubuffelsgras, blaubüffelgras, breëb- in Somalia:anodug,garrow, harfo in Senegal: diamhamham,ngolo in Nigeria:karangiyaa,karangiyar, nijibi in Niger:habini,massinguié,tabahot rgueba, tabatd-did,tâbated-dîb, sebet-ed-dib in Morocco:el-labd,kra’legrâb, bûrgîba, bu rgiba, bou-er- in Mali:ebanau,ebeno,habinni,heskanit,labdi,lahbdi in Thailand: yabup fen in thePhilippines:kawit-kawitan, sagisi war anjan,taura,vaghnoru kollukattai, koluk katai,kolukkattai pul,kurkan, kusa,mar- Cenchrus L. Suriname. See bratus bristles heads arecomposedofspiny burrs, burs imbricate,inner Hitchc.) F. Br.; cavanillesii Cenchrus echinatus the base,loosein blades narrow andslightlyhairy ontheuppersurface near overlapping atthe base,liguleadenselyciliaterim,leaf bent atthenodes,purple-reddishleafsheathskeeled and hexa brevisetus non inatus inatus chrus insularis ing inclumps,looselytufted,culmsslightly iculate base,spreadingtoerect,geniculateortrailing,grow- stout, spiny andunpleasant,coarse,ascendingfromagen- Tropics andsubtropics. Annual, herbaceoustosubshrubby, Moench) quevalvis macrocarpus Scribn.; Cenchrus viridis Ledeb. ex Steud.; lower glumenarrow, upperglumepuberuloustomembra- fl Cenchrus echinatus orus Cav.; var. var. F. Br.; fl Cenchrus lechleri attened, outerbristlesterete, spikelets acuminate, (E.Fourn.) Scribn.; Blanco; Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Tausch; viridis Cenchrus echinatus Cenchrus echinatus L.( Systema Vegetabilium

hort. ex Steud.; Steud. ( Cenchrus echinatus Cenchrus pungens Scribn. ex Millsp.; Cenchrus brevisetus ﬂ (Spreng.)Spreng.ex Griseb.; Spreng.;

orescence spike-like andpurplish,seed Cenchrus hillebrandianus Griseb. var. var. Cenchrus crinitus Cenchrus brownii Catalogus plantarumcubensium… pennisetoides 1:109.1854. L.; Steud.ex Lechler; Panicastrella muricata Cenchrus echinatus Cenchrus echinatus Steud. ex Döll,nom.illeg., var. var. Cenchrus macrocarpus Cenchrus spinifex var. var. 2:258.1817, Kunth; hillebrandianus F. Br.; Mez; E. Fourn.; Cenchrus insularis morisonii Roem.&Schult.) Cenchrus quin- Cenchrus ech- Cenchrus ech- Hitchc.; fl attened and Cenchrus Cenchrus Cenchrus var. var. Synopsis Kuntze; Cav.; (A.S. var. Cen- gla- (L.) guechi-na-ta, huizapol,huizapul, k’iith,k’iithtoom, in Mexico: abrojo,cadillo,cardo,ch’ohool,guechi nate, casha in Ecuador:guagranespino,rabo dezorro,selemo,guagran in Cuba:guizazo kolan, zèbpikan,herbepiquante in theCaribbean:herberude,collante,zèbrid,zèb in Brazil:carrapicho in Belize:muul,espina abrojo, guisaso in Spanish:cadillo,cadillobravo, cadillotigre,espolón, hedgehog grass,hedge-hogdogtail burgrass, MossmanRiver grass,Mossmanburr grass, ern burgrass, southernsandbur grass,burr grass,bur grass, mon sandbur, southernsandspur, southernsandbur, south- in English:sand-bur, sandbur, sandburr, cramcram,com- 212-237. 1997, 1963, of DriedSpecimens Botanicus. Editiosecunda Grasses ofBurma 1922, of theBernicePauahi BishopMuseum… Generum Plantarum Berberides AmericaeAustralis leaves of before theburs harden,medicinal,anti-malarialuse(with ual, bur purpletinged,goodforagegrasswhenyoungand nous, lower lemmasterilerarelymale,upperbisex- ish West IndianIslands 20: 97.1837, tema Vegetabilium, editiodecima sexta and MiddleSectionsoftheUnitedStates cies Plantarum tens undMuseumszuBerlin-Dahlem Natl. Herb. Floristik, P 58. 1900, Field ColumbianMuseum,BotanicalSeries burgkiana 309. 1877, sponte … … Plantarum beaches andriverbanks, recentlyfallow land,see road ditch,river sands,poorsoils,invinethickets, on eral areas,inturf,ondisturbedgroundandroadverges, and waste places,edgeofcultivated ocean, openareas,sandyorlimestonesoils,ground near runningfreshwater, coastal,coastaldunes,nearthe from thisplantarevery irritating,commononwaste ground, countries, atroublesomeweedincultivated land,spines as afebrifugeinthe West Indies,invasive inmosttropical 206. 1794, Regnum Veg. Bernice P. BishopMuseumBulletin Allgemeine Botanische Zeitschrift fürSystematik, ), teaforkidney problems,aninfusionisdrunk 5: 38-39,t.461-462.1799, Persea americana 2:1050.1753, 12:127.1908, fl anzengeographie Mexicanas Plantas Icones etDescriptionesPlantarum,quaeaut 1:115.1815[1816], Flora deFilipinas Rheedea 127:31.1993, … 289.1960, 8854-B,C.1849[ 2:765.1891and 556.1864, 10(2):153-155.2000. Methodus PlantasHortiBotanici 2:317.1840, Notizblatt desBotanischen Gar- orleaves of 9:169.1903, 56.1857, 36.1837, Iowa St.J. Sci. 2:50.1886, Economic Botany Flora Brasiliensis A Flora oftheNorthern 7:48.1917, fi Wallich’s Catalogue Nova Genera etSpe- elds, roadsides,rud- 1:301.1824, Publications ofthe 1:69.1824, 8(3):211,f.106. Flora oftheBrit- A NumericalList 84:65-66.1931, 2(1):26-27,t. Lippia schom- Nomenclator Contr. U.S. 37:298. Memoirs Revisio Species 51(3): Flora 2(2): Sys- 441 ], Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC cate andovoid, bristlessomewhat dense clumps,sheathskeeled, bladesstiff, burs notimbri- U.S., Florida,Cuba.Perennial,wiry, sometimesforming C. gracillimus South African Grasses … in Paci in Peru:carricillo toom, t’oxol,zacahuitztli pegarropa, perro,rosetilla,rosetillagrande,t’oyol, t’oyol mozote, muul,ojodearriera,hormiga, pega ropa, 442 river growing insandysoilsofopenpinelands,wetprairiesand Thunb., nom.illeg., non C. geniculatus yaa khikhrok,yasonkrachap,krachap in Thailand: yaakheekhrok, yaakheekhrok,yakhikhrok, in India:argana, dhaman in New Guinea:hmalbru in Hawaii: ‘ume‘alu,mau‘ukuku schaften Graminées latum Pennisetum geniculatum nisetum geniculatum Praefatus estJ. A. Schultes Flora Capensis Africa. See ulatum 60; J.H.Barnhart, ebrand, M.D.(1821-1886).” Syst Vegetationsformationen derSandwich-Inseln.” of themanuscriptandarchival collectionsandindex tothe New York BotanicalGarden. 1973; S.Lenley etal., index tothecorrespondence ofJohn Torrey al., Hunt Instituteportrait collection sert, the UnitedStates 177. 1965;J.Ewan, editor, culture.” in York &Heidelberg 1888,“Therelationofforestrytoagri- by William Francis Hillebrand[1853-1925].London,New Islands the Hawaiian islands,wrote 1821-1886, botanist,traveler, from1851to1871lived in in honoroftheGermanphysician Wilhelm B.Hillebrand, C. hillebrandianus spur in English:slendersandburr, slendersandbur, slendersand- 22(7): 300.1895and sandy dunes,see Catalog ofthemanuscriptandarchival collections and . 9:305-314.1888.See W.T. Pope,“Dr. William Hill- Biographical dictionaryofbotanists represented inthe fl (Thunb.) Leeke, nom.illeg., non (Poir.) Jacq.; fi ats, underthelightshadeoftrees,behind . Annotated andpublishedaftertheauthor‘sdeath 79:43.1907, c: cram-cram(New Caledonia),mosievihilango 1:50.1829and Prodromus PlantarumCapensium, … Hawaiian Pl.Rec Nash

1:388.1813, Thunb. ( . New York andLondon19695; T.W. Bos-

Bulletin ofthe Torrey BotanicalClub Hitchc. ( Biographical notesuponbotanists (Thunb.) E.Phillips,nom.illeg., non Pennisetum thunbergii Iowa St.J. Sci. An Introduction totheStudyof (Poir.) Jacq.; Panicum geniculatum 219.1931. Panicum geniculatum Cenchrus echinatus A ShortHistoryofBotanyin 1:103.1823, Hawaiian Annual . 22:174-200.1920and“Die Zeitschrift fürNaturwissen- A Flora oftheHawaiian Flora Capensis,Edidit et . 175.1972;S.Lenley et fl attened, weedspecies 37:294.1963. Pennisetum genicu- Pennisetum genic- . Libraryofthe Kunth) Révision des Poir.; . 1919:53- L.)(named Bot. Jahrb. (Thunb.) 24. 1794, Catalog Pen- . 2: & Chase; carolinianus Cenchrus bambusoides C. incertus 480. 1993. 31. 1993, (Hack.) Fernald; Hack.; chrus muricatus Botanical Series 24(8): 291-556.1927, Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Bernice Pauahi BishopMuseum… Tucker, Hawaii. Sandysoil,see of Harvard University or glabrous,liguleciliate,blade stems rootingatthelower nodes,leafsheathseitherhairy branched, basedecumbentandfrequentlyreddish,prostrate shallow rootsystem,erectorbendatthelower nodes, Annual orsometimesashort-lived perennial,tufted,witha Northern America, U.S.,Florida, Arizona, Texas, Mexico. Lunell; carolinianus sensu J.Black,nonL.; chrus pauci and open orcompact, ifex var. longispinus var. var. Botanical Garden.223.Boston,Mass.1973;EthelynMaria correspondence ofJohn Torrey spines spiny in by theupperleafsheath,seedheadaspike ofspiny burs, sand hills,incultivated sites, drysand,washes, insalinemeadows, beaches,dunes, cator ofpoorfertility, foundmostlyindisturbedareas,dry life onsanddunes,invasive andunpalatable,oftenanindi- wool aswellskin,noxiousweed speciesspecializedfor usually contains2seeds,seedsoftenanuisanceinhayand lemma sterile,upperbisexual, eachyellowish bur Botanical Gazette paddocks, lawns andpastures,see tributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 56. 1844, 1: 135.1835, tions oftheUnitedStates 38, t.461.1799, Icones etDescriptionesPlantarum,quaeautsponte… 1050. 1753, 1886 and Cav.; pauci muricatus Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. fl Cenchrus humilis Pennisetum pauci Catalogue ofthelibrary ofthe Arnold Arboretum fl at andmoreorlessspreadingrigid,lower fl orescence notvery dense, involucre pubescent, American MidlandNaturalist Anales delaUniversidad deChile Cenchrus strictus Cenchrus muricatus Ruizia; Monografías delJardín Botánico orus (Hack.)Jansen& Wacht.; M.A.Curtis( Walter; (Walter) Lunell; fl Flora Caroliniana, secundum… The Botanyofthe Voyage ofH.M.S.Sulphur Caro&E.A.Sánchez; orus ; 13(1/1):96-261.1936, Cenchrus roseus L.; Cenchrus microcephalus A Flora oftheNorthernandMiddleSec- 3(3):20.1878, fl Benth.; owering spikes oftenpartiallyenclosed Cenchrus parviceps . Cambridge,Mass.1917-1933) Cenchrus echinatus Caro&E.A.Sánchez; Field MuseumofNatural History, fi Species Plantarum elds, sandysoils,roadverges and 1:69.1824, fl Cenchrus tribuloides Hitchc.; orus 12:127.1908, Cenchrus albertsonii Chapm.; Cenchrus pauci Phil.,nom.illeg., non Benth.) . LibraryoftheNew York fl E.Fourn.; Nastus strictus at orfolded,in Mexicanas Plantas 8(3):211,f.106.1922, Cenchrus longispinus Species Plantarum Cenchrus pauci Cenchrus pauci Cenchrus tribuloides Boston J. Nat.Hist. 4:214.1915, Regnum Veg. Nashex Hitchc. Shinners; Memoirs ofthe 2:1050.1753 Cenchrus spin- f. 36:202.1870, Cenchrus L. L.; fl fl longispina orus 79. 1788, (Walter) orescence Runyon; Cenchrus 13:1- Nastus 2:50. fl fl var. 127: Con- Cen- Cen- orus orus 2: 5: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC (Hack.) Jansen& Wacht.; Lunell; pauci Cenchrus echinatus Walter; C. longispinus 1963. C. longisetus National Herbarium 18(7): 356.1917, Cenchrus L. sio GenerumPlantarum spiny bur grass,gentle Annie, grassburr, matsandburr, in English:burrgrass, spiny burrgrass, spiny burr grass, Kurtziana of Botany Africa. See (Spreng.) Spreng.; Fresen.) Kuntze, nom.illeg., non sandspur, C. lani itsgras in South Africa: dubbeltjiegras, klitsgras,sandklits,sandkl- in Mexico: pasto roseta in Argentina: coastal sandspur, coastsandbur grass,coastsandbur Paci C. lappaceus 110. 1854. non India. See (L.) Raspail; Desv.; C. longifolius Europe, France.See C. linearis 351. 1963. 1933, Africa. See 1830, Sciences Mathématiques,PhysiquesetNaturelles Impériale desSciencesdeSaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. and C. leptacanthus Bulletin Annales desSciencesNaturelles (Paris) tique deParis veau BulletindesSciences,publiéparlaSociétéPhiloma- Plantarum Glumacearum Africa, Nubia.See fi Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance Cenchrus lappaceus fl c Islands.See Flora Iowa StateCollege Journal ofScience orus fl Centotheca lappacea 27(3):447-450.1972. Nastus strictus Cenchrus echinatus orus 26:485.1939, 4:44,122,f.8.1967.

ﬁ Species Plantarum,EditioSecunda Benth.; Lam. Museum Senckenbergianum 20(1):57.1837and Flora Indica;orDescriptions … eld sandbur, sandbur grass,sandbur grass,

L.( Uniola lappacea

Steud.

M.C. Johnst.( Hochst. ex Steud.( 2:189.1810, (Hackel) Fernald(

A. Camus( Cenchrus lappaceus Mantissa Plantarum Pennisetum villosum Contributions from theUnitedStates sensuC.Gardner, nonL.; Cenchrus pauci Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum 24(8):488.1927, Flore Françoise (Walter) Lunell) 3(3):347.1898and Field &Laboratory 1:109.1854. L.; L.forma Cenchrus bi (L.)Desv.; Nastus carolinianus Cenchrus villosus (L.) Trin.) Centosteca lappacea Mémoires del‘Académie Blumea Cenchrus ciliaris Cenchrus carolinianus fl 3:631.1778. orus Tausch, nom.illeg., 302.1771, Cenchrus villosus 2:134.1837, 5:443.1825, longispina R.Br. ex Fresen.) 19:59.1971, American Journal fl Melica lappacea var. var. orus Sida 24:73.1956, 1: 238.1820 1488.1763, 37(3):259- Roxb.) longispinus (R.Br. ex 1(3):182. 1(4):358. (Walter) 80:774. Cenchrus Hackel; Synopsis L.) Revi- (L.) Nou- fi Kew eld 1: coastal plains, sandy and roadverges, sandyalluvium,indryroadsidegravel, uralized, foundincultivated anddisturbedsoils,sandysoils ual, weedspecieswithlow foragevalue, invasive andnat- involucre sessile,lower lemmasterile,upperbisex- head, burs contain30-60spines,slenderbristle,purplish panicles, conspicuousroundandspiny burs alongtheseed fl keeled, liguleafringeofhairs,scabroustopiloseleaves ing fromthebase,leafsheathsstronglycompressedand decumbent andgeniculate,oftenwithmany branchesaris- tufted, coarse, Argentina, U.S. Annual orshort-lived perennial,spiny, tribuloides Bahamas. Saline incertus C. microcephalus 81: 594.1934. Madagascar. See 1824, Northern andMiddleSectionsoftheUnitedStates U.S. See tribuloides C. melanostachyus 110, f.406.1899and of Agrostology UnitedStatesDepartmentof Agriculture bur, longspinesandspur, spur, spiny burrgrass, long-spinesandbur, longspinesand- in English:matsandbur, burrgrass, burgrass, grassbur, sand- 44: 607.1995. State College Journal ofScience erlandsche Botanische Vereeniging Kruidkundig Archief. Verslangen enMededelingen derNed- uralist C. macrocephalus grass, hedgehoginnocentweed P meine Botanische Zeitschrift fürSystematik,Floristik, any ofthe Voyage ofH.M.S.Sulphur L., see lawns andwaste ground,confusedwith C. mitis the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Boston J. Nat.Hist. Africa, Tanzania, Mozambique,Kenya. Annual, leaves spines involucres ovoid, bodyoftheinvolucre pubescent, inner and wissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique … soils, abandonedground, cultivation, see ing inbushland, coastalbushland, sandysoils,heavy grazed at andlinear, noauricles,compactcylindrical spike-like fl anzengeographie Agronomie Coloniale Flora Brasiliensis 4:214.1915, fl fi Flora Caroliniana, secundum… M.A.Curtis) Anderss. ( Anderss. attened, outerbristlesnumerous and elds andsandywoods, roadsidesandrailroads, Species Plantarum (L.) Torr.; var. var. fi fi macrocephalus brous rootsystem,ascending,sometimes fl Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance elds andpastureland,on ats, salinemeadows, cultivated

Cenchrus aequiglumis (Döll) Scribn.(

Nash ex Hitchc.&Chase( 9:169.1903, A. Camus 1:135.1835and Rhodora Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. Cenchrus tribuloides 2(2):312.1877, fi 20:108.1926. eld sandbur, gentle Annie, bear 2:1050.1753, 45:388.1943, Döll) 37(3):298.1963, American MidlandNat- Cenchrus echinatus 56:246.1949, 56.1844and 18(7):356.1917. Cenchrus echinatus Contributions from 79. 1788, Bulletin, Division Chiov.) 12:127.1908. fl fi L.; A Flora ofthe Nederlandsch oodplains, in liform, grow- 2: 554.1864 fi Cenchrus Cenchrus The Bot- elds, see 1:69. Natur- Allge- Taxon Iowa var. fl 17: 443 at, Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC and Agricultural Survey of Texas 1(4-5): 317.1830, ziana Manual oftheGrasses ofthe West Indies Flora oftheSoutheasternUnitedStates… Museo NacionaldeMontevideo C. montanus 444 Mountains … places, see tious, goodgrazinggrass,makes excellent hay, insandy spines lanceolatepungentconnate,glumessubequal,nutri- ing 1-2spikelets, outerspinesofinvolucre subulate, inner leaves linearacuminate,involucres shortlystalked enclos- India. Annual, variable, ascendingfromaprocumbent base, in Mexico: pasto grassbur, giantcenchrus,bigcenchrus in English:bigsandbur, bigsandburr, sandbur, bigsandspur, of theMissouriBotanicalGarden C. multi in India:anjan,dhaman,dhamman macearum North American Plants North American South-Carolina andGeorgia 115-116, t.35.1815[1816], setoides Pennisetum multi Révision desGraminées Systema Vegetabilium, editiodecimasexta sands toclays,see ings nearcoast,old sandy opensoil,densetograssland,moistopen- grows mostlyalongroadsidesandinotherwaste places,in the spikelet, weedspeciesbrowsed bycattle,very palatable, bristles, bristleunitedatthebase,innerbristlesaslong branched, glaucous,burs composedofseveral whorlsof caespitose, tough,stout,erectwithadecumbentbase, Mexico, U.S.,Southern America. Tall perennialbunchgrass, tiana var. Hitchc.; Cenchrus alopecuroides Haenkeanae Mexico. Tufted, forage,alongroadsides,see Chase) (Kunth) Spreng.; non Nash; Mexicanas Plantas ington Academy ofSciences C. myosuroides 466. 1999. 37(4): 317-407.1977, catlania myosuroides Panicum cenchroides Roem.&Schult.) 4:112.1967, Cenchrus alopecuroides Buckley; 1(6):1-29.1991, fl Cenchrus elliotii orus 1:111.1854. Illustrations oftheBotany…Himalayan 1(4-5):318.1830,

Steud. (

416.1839, Kunth ( J. Presl( ; fl Pennisetum pungens Panicum cenchroides Cenchrus scabridus orum A Preliminary ReportontheGeological 2:49.1886and Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarum Fl. Novo-Galic. fi Cenchrus montanus Fl. Novo-Galic. elds anddenudedrangelands,from 54.1818, E.Fourn.; 1:51.1829, Cenchropsis myosuroides Thunb.; Pennisetum karwinskyi Lam.; Kunth; Las Gramíneas deMéxico 13(16):363.1923, 1:111.1816, Synopsis PlantarumGlu- A Sketch oftheBotany J.Presl,nom.illeg., non Linnaea 1:556,t.12.1897and App. 2.1866, Pennisetum myosuroides 77(1):125-201.1990. Mantissa Pennisetum vulcanicum Cenchrus myosuroides Cenchrus ekmanianus 14:113.1983, Reliquiae Haenkeanae Journal ofthe Wash- Nutt.; 14:113.1983, Arechav.; Elliott,nom.illeg., 12(4):431.1838, 361.1936, Neesex Royle). 109, 1327.1903, 1:303.1825, The Genera of 2:279.1824, Setaria elliot- Phytologia Anales del Reliquiae Cenchrus Schrad.; (Kunth) Annals 5:1- Kurt- Cus- 1: chrus echinatus C. pauci paitén in Argentina: in English:bristlyfoxtail velle série (Poir.) Scribn.&Merr.; schaften Museum, Publ. ment of Agriculture and ment of Agriculture. DivisionofBotany. Bulletin 2: 50.1886and Cenchrus pauci muricatus Hitchc.; la Universidad deChile any ofthe Voyage ofH.M.S.Sulphur South America, Mexico. Annual, ondrysand,see auct.) Wacht.; 178. 1812, 52. 1804, ulata Leeke; Scribn.; C. parvi Mesoamerica. See Setaria parvi C. myosuroides suroides C. myosuroides Argentina. See ekmanianus nom. illeg., non Arechav.; myosuroides Elliott, nom.illeg., non U.S. Cultivated C. parviceps emy ofSciences,Series2, America, Mexico. See C. palmeri … 36. 1815[1816], Mexico. See Hemsl.; and C. pallidus Mexico, U.S.,Southern America. Nutt.; nisetum myosuroides 3: 507.1885, Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology UnitedStatesDepart- Field &Laboratory P. Beauv.; Setaria elliottiana Pennisetum parvi fl 79:19.1907, (Kunth) Nash; Cenchrus pilosus Cenchrus roseus fl Cenchrus longispinus Pennisetum indicum orus Phil.,nom.illeg., non orus Cenchrus setoides 120:161.1987. Essai d‘uneNouvelle Agrostographie Vasey De Graminibus Paniceis

Hitchc.;

E. Fourn. ( ﬂ Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarum Shinners ( var. var. Poir. ( ora

2(1):26.1900, Benth. ( Kunth var. Kunth var. Kurtziana fi fl Cenchrus alopecuroides f. Mexicanas Plantas elds, see orus Biologia Centrali-Americana; …Botany var. var. Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique Allgemeine Botanische Zeitschrift für Setaria parvi 21:24,t.12.1900, myosuroides longispina (Kunth) Spreng.; Chaetochloa corrugata var. var. Cenchrus elliotii Lejeunia; Revue deBotanique. Nou- Proceedings oftheCalifornia Acad- parvi Cenchrus albertsonii Cenchrus incertus 36:202.1870, 24:73.1956. Roem.&Schult.) fl Cenchrus alopecuroides Panicum cenchroides Cenchrus pallidus E.Fourn.; 4:112.1967. Kunth) orum 2:211.1889. Boston J. Nat.Hist. longisetus myosuroides Chaetochloa parvi longispinus Buckley; fl ora (Hack.)Fernald; subvar. (Poir.) Trin.; Zeitschrift fürNaturwissen- Hack.; ) fl ; Cenchrus muricatus ora 65.1826, 2:50.1886. Cenchrus scabridus Caro&E.A.Sánchez 56.1844, Cenchrus tribuloides Panicum cenchroides (Poir.) Kerguélen; Pennisetum pungens (Hack.)Jansen& Mexicanas Plantas Kunth; ( Thunb.; Cenchrus humilis parvi Cenchropsis myo- Field Columbian M.A.Curtis) E.Fourn. ex var. var. Runyon; Setaria genic- 1:135.1835 U.S. Depart- fl fl Lam.; Cenchrus L. 4:39.1897 ora ora Anales de 1:116,t. parvi 51,169, Cenchrus Cenchrus Cenchrus J.Presl, The Bot- (Poir.) (Poir.) Cen- fl Pen- L.; ora 6: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Steud.; ciliate rim,blade ascending, leafsheathskeeled andcompressed,ligulea nial, tufted,variable, usuallybranched,softstems,erector India, Arabia, Yemen, Pakistan. Annual orshort-lived peren- Mediterranean region, east andnortheasttropical Africa, (Hochst. &Steud.) Wipff) (Hochst. &Steud.)Hook.f.; & Steud.)Chiov. ex Pirotta; chrus lappaceus Botanische Vereeniging Archief. Verslangen enMededelingen derNederlandsche 1939, 1903, Annuario delRealeIstitutoBotanico diRoma 12: 1-140.1981, 1971[1972], Academiae ScientiarumHungaricae 298. 1963, 24(8): 488.1927, Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Systematik, Floristik,P Cenchrus L. 527, f.1.2001. Hawaii. See oides C. pedunculatus huizapole, ladilla,rosetilla in Mexico: abrojoroseta,cadillo,chancaquilla,huitzapol, 326. 1908, mis C. pennisetiformis Hawaiensis as amonospeci fl tolerance, withstandsheavy grazing,survives seasonal arid conditionsandslightlyalkalinesoils,excellent drought ual, planted,pasture,foddergrass,well-grazed,adaptedto pressed, lower lemmamaleorsterile,upperbisex- surrounded byhairybristles,lower glumepresentorsup- fi bristles glabrousandconnatefromthebase,outer cylindrical, involucre elongate, bristlesnumerous,inner tissa Plantarum beds, alongroadsides,well-drainedsanddunes,see plains, hotanddryregions, loamsandalluvialsilts,stream soils, saltmarshes,alongthebanksofwater courses,gravel waste places,drysemideserthabitats, onsandhillsandpoor 18: 139.1862, 1854, Reale Accademia delleScienzedi Torino Plantarum Glumacearum clator Botanicus.Editiosecunda oodings, usefulforstabilisationofthesanddunes,grows liform, spikelets lanceolateandacute,clusterofspikelets Chiov.; Trin.) Annales desSciencesNaturelles; Botanique, série4 Annuario delRealeIstitutoBotanico diRoma Rhodora Cenchrus lappaceus Fam. 47.1936. Agronomie Coloniale Cenchrus ciliaris Kurtziana Memoir SanDiego SocietyofNatural History De Graminibus Paniceis 45:388.1943, fi The Flora ofBritishIndia 302.1771, L.; c sward, commonondeepsandysoils, dry

Cuscatlania O. Deg. & Whitney ( fl Hochst.&Steud.( American Journal ofBotany at toconvolute, paniclespike-like and Pennisetum cenchroides 4:122,f.8.1967, 56:246.1949, fl anzengeographie 1:109.1854, Flora Cenchrus echinoides Tausch, nom.illeg., non var. var. 1(6):1-29.1991. Pennisetum pennisetiforme Nederlandsch Kruidkundig 20:108.1926, 20(1):57.1837, 1:317.1840, pennisetiformis 72.1826and Cenchrus agrimoni- Cenchrus aequiglu- Iowa St.J. Sci. 17(1-3):123. 7:88.1896and ser. 2,14:386. 9:169.1903, Memorie della var. var. Acta Botanica 8(1):43-44. echinoides 26:485. Wightex (Hochst. Synopsis Sida Nomen- 8(3): Flora Man- Cen- 19: 37: du Muséumd‘Histoire Naturelle, sér. 2 Plantarum Glumacearum delle Scienzedi Torino Graminées soils, sandywaste places,deserthabitats,see fodder beforeanthesis,grows onsanddunesandsandy humans, goodgrazingforcamels,seedseatenraw, palatable tufted, erecttoascending,famine food,grainseatenby India, Africa. Annual, sometimesperennial, decumbentor Botanici Matritensis Cenchrus pallidus C. pilosus grass, whitebuffel, cloncurrybuffel, cloncurrybuffel grass in English:buffel grass,slenderbuffel grass,whitebuffel nodes, ligulestif ascending, weak,geniculateatthebase,rooting America, GalápagosIslands. Annual, glabrous,erector son, nom.illeg., non tarum ima forest, baregravelly soils,see grassy roadside,openareas,disturbedgrounds,tropicaldry bent, branched,glabrous,forage,grows onbeachsand, Guatemala, Venezuela. Annual, caespitose,erectordecum- L.) 1886, C. platyacanthus in Venezuela: cadillobobo in Mexico: muul-suuk,pasto 49(2): 257.2000. Biographical notesuponbotanists ments oftheBritishMuseum the collectionscontainedinNatural HistoryDepart- Collectors in West Africa 55-68. Lisbon1962;F.N. HepperandFionaNeate, sur la London 1830-1833;seeJoseph Vallot (1854-1925),“Études Florae Senegambiae tentamen Perrottet (1793-1870)and Achille Richard(1794-1852)as Baptiste] Antoine Guillemin(1796-1842),George Samuel returned toFranceandbegan his the Frenchnavy, between1824-29inSenegambia, in1829 French botanistF.M.R. Leprieur, 1799-1869,adispenserin West Africa priorto1860.” in 168-238. Paris 1882;R.W.J. Keay, “BotanicalCollectors in Cenchrus macrostachyus brevi C. prieurii Flora oftheGalápagos Islands 139-140. 1854andIraL. Wiggins andDuncanM.Porter, shore, see very compactandspiciform, 2:1261.1759, fl 1:116,t.36.1815[1816], orum Revisio GenerumPlantarum fl ore duSénégal.” in Kunth ( Kongl. VetenskapsHandlingar Academiens 2:411.1831, (Kunth) Maire( Steud.; fl Andersson ( Andersson y hairy, leafbladeselongate, in E.Fourn.; Anthephora hermaphrodita 9.1803, Pennisetum prieurii Cenchrus granularis Elenchus PlantarumHortiRegni , ser. 2,14:382. 1854, . 49.1971;G.Murray, Hochst.ex Steud.; 1:107,109.1854and Memorie dellaReale Accademia Cenchrus hystrix Bull. Soc.Bot.deFrance. . London1904;J.H.Barnhart, fl Nova Genera etSpeciesPlan- Systema Naturae, EditioDec- Cenchrus granularis Comptes Rendus A.E.T.F.A.T attened spines,insandysoil, Tripsacum hermaphroditum . Paris (Treuttel et Wurtz), 835-836.1971. Flora, Mexicanas Plantas . Boston1965) 2:759.1891and 3:523.1931. continuedby[Jean Kunth) (afterthe L.) Fig.&DeNot.; (L.)Kuntze; Révision des Pennisetum fl History of orescence Synopsis Anders- Bulletin 2:50. 1853: Taxon Plant 29: 445 . Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 2: 787.1891and racemosa C. racemosus 1941. 1912, tio decimasexta 35. 1970, 49: 53.1940, Generum Plantarum Elenchus PlantarumHortiBotanici 440. 1792, montana Europe. See muricatus Society ofLondon Warm regions, Asia, Japan.See illeg., non C. purpurascens Rheedea Kunth; (Thunb.) Kuntze, nom.illeg., non purascens Paci stachion C. retusus 157. 1978. India, Rajasthan.Indeterminatespecies,see C. rajasthanensis 145: 336.1988, C. pungens Desert India, Rajasthan.Indeterminatespecies,see C. prieurii in India:dhamnio,lambio-bhurut in Senegal: kébbéburu in Nigeria:karangiyar, karangiyarhanfoka,kura tawajaq, tawajjag, wadjâk, wajjag kûra, kébbéburu, malialyia(fortheseeds),ngibbibulduyè, in Niger:dani,âni,diger, k’arangyahanfoka, in Mauritania:gasba, initi,tilimit wajjag, wesedj in Mali:heskanit,koolumo ana,tawajjaq, uazedj,wadjak, in Arabic: gasba, heskanit,initi,tilimit in French:cram 446 Natl. Herb. Peru. See Micronesica 1788, Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarum seuProdromus fi c. See Acta PhytotaxonomicaetGeobotanica 395.1978. Syn. Pl. Pennisetum purpurascens (L.)Schult.) 10(2):153-155.2000. 2:241.1785, (L.)Kuntze; Moench; Species Plantarum

Acta BotanicaCubana (Thunb.) Ohwi; Sw. ( Pennisetum purpurascens (Kunth) Mairevar. 12:127.1908, Methodus PlantasHortiBotanici…

; journalofthecollege ofGuam.18(2):45-102. Kunth ( Species Plantarum Systema Naturae, EditioDecima

Flora delaProvincia deBuenos Aires 1:72.1805, L. ( Panicum polystachion 1:303.1825, Taxon Thunb. ( 2:329.1794, K.C. Kanodia&P.C. Nanda Lappago racemosa Botanical Magazine Tragus racemosus Cenchrus echinatus 2:780.1891and 49(2):149,249.2000. Tragus echinatus Synopsis PlantarumGermaniae Pennisetum alopecuroides 2:1050.1753and Regnum Veg. Mantissa

Revisio GenerumPlantarum Pennisetum purpurascens scabra 2:1049.1753, Transactions oftheLinnean Systema Vegetabilium,edi- 4:1-11.1980, Pennisetum purpurascens (Thunb.) Makino,nom. Kunth) L.;

(L.)Honck.; (L.) All.) 38.1803, Feddes Repertorium Bhandari 2:146.1824and (Tokyo) 26:294. L.) (L.)Cav.; Pennisetum poly- 127:31.1993, Geobios 10(4):274. 870.1759, Flora Pede- Contr. U.S. Fl. Indian 53. 1794, Fl. Libya Revisio f. Tragus Nazia 5(4): 4(2): 26. pur- 1: blades leaf sheathscabrousupward, ligule shortandciliate,leaf spreading, bulbous atbase,stoutrootstock,shortrhizomes, stoloniferous, formingclumps,moreorlessspiny, low vigorously, variable, leafy, moreorlesserect,tussocky, Yemen. Perennialbunchgrass orannual,grows rapidlyand East andnortheasttropical Africa, northwestIndia, Arabia, Kunth) igerus Cenchrus tripsacoides chrus schimperi Royle; montanus Pennisetum setigerum ex Boiss.; ciliaris Schumach.; ern UnitedStates… C. setiger 125-201. 1990. Montevideo ima sexta 113. 1983, chrus myosuroides C. scabridus 1: 302.1825. 116, t.35.1815[1816], Uruguay. See tica Atlantic. See scens C. rufescens Australia. See C. robustus Roma 8(1): 43-44.1903, 1854 and Reale Accademia delleScienze di Torino Africa. See Chiov.) Cenchrus pennisetiformis minute orabsent,innerbristles cup-shaped, bodyoftheinvolucre glabrous,outerbristles and cylindrical, spikelets surroundedbyarigidinvolucre Agana, Guam1982, C. rigidifolius of theIndianBotanicalSociety chrus ciliaris cies orpotentialpasturegrass, highfeedvalue duringthe established withstandsheavy stocking,forage, pasturespe- bisexual, seedspurpleandbristly, cultivated fodder, once the back,lower lemmasterile rarelymale,upperlemma 2:388.1799, (Desf.)Spreng.) 8(3):326.1908. Forssk. ex Steud.; var. var. Cenchrus quinquevalvis ﬂ at orfolded,densein Neesex Steud.; Vahl (alsospelled 1:303.1825, Annuario delRealeIstitutoBotanicodiRoma Pennisetum ciliare Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGarden 1:556,t.12.1897and

Mantissa Plantarum Cenchrus bulbifer R.D. Webster

setigerus Arechav. ( Desf. ( Mantissa Plantarum var. var. The Australian Paniceae (Poaceae)

Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarum Fig. &DeNot.( Hochst.&Steud.ex Steud.; Systema Vegetabilium, editiodecima sexta var. var. Annuario delRealeIstitutoBotanicodi rigidifolius Cenchrus ciliaris Cytologia 109, 1327.1903, (Vahl) Maire& Weiler; R.Br.; (Vahl) Wipff; Cenchrus myosuroides myosuroides Cenchrus tri Systema Vegetabilium, editiodec- var. var. Anales delMuseoNacionalde setigerus Cenchrus montanus var. var. Hochst.ex Boiss.; 54:641-652.1989, rigidifolia (Fig.&DeNot.)Chiov.; Cenchrus uni Buch.-Ham.ex Wall.; fl 68:295-299.1989. Cenchrus ciliaris 302.1771, orescence spike-like erect fl 302.1771, setigerum attened andgrooved on Flora oftheSoutheast- ) fl ) ( L.; orus Fl. Novo-Galic. Cenchrus barbatus Pennisetum vahlii (Fig.&DeNot.) , ser. 2,14:386. Pennisetum rufe- Roxb. ex Aitch.; Memorie della (Vahl) Leeke; fl Cenchrus set- orus Kunth; Flora Atlan- Cenchrus L. 27.1987. Neesex Cenchrus Cenchrus L.; Ehrenb. 1:115- Journal 77(1): Cen- Cen- Cen- 14: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC pauci M.A. Curtis; C. spinifex pre- Cenchrus L. where, canbeaseriousriverine weed,foundinalluvial moving sand,very tolerantofdrought,naturalized else- semiarid climateswithalongdryseason,usefulagainst for breadmaking,seedsalsoeatenraw, adapted toaridand age value, inIndiaseedseatenmixed with margins ofirrigated grassland, hotaridzones,alongroadsides,onsandysoils, grassland, ariddeciduousdesertareas,subdesert and water courses,wettouplandsoil,opendrybush and plants, etc.byRobertBrown], 1810, etc.62.London1814[Botany. Listofnew andrare into theinteriorofthatcountry…inyears1809and mere History oftheHimalayanMountainsandFlora ofCash- trations oftheBotany and otherBranches oftheNatural Jan-June 1821, Henry Salt(1780-1827), degraded lands,see stone rocky sites,stony hills,savannah, ravine areas, ing soils,sandplainsanddunes,alkalinesand- and Punjab andSindh Specimens Editio secunda C. somalensis grass, kata-dhaman,marwar dhaman,kala-dhaman in India:anjan,dhaman,mothamodadhaman aebaed in Arabic: pennisetum Birdwood buffel, anjangrass,cow sandbur, South African in English:Birdwood grass,Birdwoodgrass, Birdwood, 2001. de l‘AfriqueduNord: inrolled, involucre cup-shaped,inner bristles Somalia. Perennial,denselytufted,narrow leaves foldedto Wipff) bristles tarum Novae Hollandiae de lasPlantas C. spicatus 527. 2001. tema Naturae, EditioDecima See South America. Pennisetum glaucum illeg., non among bushes, see fl Zeitschrift fürNaturwissenschaften . 416.London1839-1840, owering stage,tenderleaves quitepalatable,poorfor- fl 3(3):346.1898. orus fi liform, shadespecies,underoftreesand 8854-B,C.1849, Cenchrus spicatus Benth.)

Cav. ( (L.) Cav. ( Cenchrus parviceps 1:317.1840, Clayton ( Révision desGraminées … 304.Madrid1802, Cenchrus echinatus 163.1869, 1:195.1810, Kew Bulletin Enumeratio Plantarum… fi (L.)R.Br.) Species Plantarum elds, sandyandsiltysoils,free-drain- Cenchrus spicatus 1: 342.1952, A VoyageAbyssinia to Pennisetum somalense Catalogue ofthePlants (L.)Cav.; Flora Orientalis 2:1305.1759, A NumericalListofDried 32(1):3.1977, Flora Nomenclator Botanicus. Revisio GenerumPlan- Shinners; L.; 4(1),Beil.2:61-64. Sida 79:22.1907, Holcus spicatus 1:49.1829, Prodromus Florae 1:56.1753, (L.)Kuntze, nom. Cenchrus incertus 19(3):523-530. fl bajra exuous, outer 5:448.1884 2: 395.1805, Descripción andtravels Sida (Clayton) Cenchrus (millet) 19(3): Flore Illus- Sys- fl L.; ats outer bristlesusuallypresent, spines tiny andbackward-pointing spines denselyvillousbasally, spiny, spikelets hardandprickly, burrs denselypubescent, sheaths compressed,leaves entireandalternate, perennial, culmsgeniculate,prostrate,decumbent,leaf U.S., Florida,South America. Tufted annualorshort-lived echinatus leaves, sheaths compressed,long narrow gray-greenglabrous ascending, branchingandrooting atthelower nodes,leaf and quitepainfultotouch,branched,sprawling, erector Eastern U.S., West Indies,Brazil.Perennial orannual,sharp macrocephalus M.A. Curtis; “three” and (Walter) Lunell; alus macrocarpus tribulus fl bristles ciliatebasally, outerbristleswhenpresentmostly spikes consistofburs withsharpspines,burs imbricate, in times reducedorabsent,noxiousweed,invasive, burs can rivers andstreams,cultivated sandy woods, open areasandthinwoods, onsandyplains,beachsand,in sandbur, sandbur, coastsandspur, southernsandbur, sandbur, coastal in English:commonsandbur, commonsandspur, coast 127. 1908, Brasiliensis The Botanyofthe Voyage ofH.M.S.Sulphur Natural History quae autsponte… Botanici … Species Plantarum C. strictus U.S., Florida.Cultivated 1863)], tory. Boston,MA. Vols. 1-7(1834/37-1859/63,1837- communications readtotheBostonSocietyofNaturalHis- nal ofNaturalHistory, containingpapersand ural History Africa. See C. tomentosus Glumacearum quae autsponte… French Polynesia.See C. taitensis C. tribuloides 1804. attened, fl ict pain,growing onsandyareasandsoilsinboth Döll; , Botanical Gazette fl fi tribolos owers scatteredandinfrequent, var. var. fi eld sandspur,

Cenchrus vaginatus rst Chapm. (

Regnum Veg. 2(2):309.1877and 206. 1794, 1:135.Boston,Mass.1837[TheBostonJour- Steud. ( bolos Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique Steud.; L.( Cenchrus macrocephalus 1:419.1854. ﬂ ﬁ

(Döll)Scribn.; Poir. oret sometimesstaminate, elds andwaste places,insandysoilsalong tribuloides 1:135.Boston,Mass.1835[1834-1837], , “apoint”) Nastus strictus Cenchrus carolinianus i 2:1050.1753, “acaltrop”;Greek 5: 40,t.463.1799, 5: 38,t.461.1799, Cenchrus calyculatus Cenchrus incertus Cenchrus tribuloides Icones etDescriptionesPlantarum, Icones etDescriptionesPlantarum, 127:31.1993. fi fi eld sandbur, spiny burrgrass. 3(3):20.1878. elds, see (L.) Torr.; Steud.; fi Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. elds, alongroadsides,see Cenchrus tribuloides (Walter) Lunell)(Latin Methodus PlantasHorti Boston Journal ofNat- fl attened andmoreor Synopsis Plantarum Nastus carolinianus M.A.Curtis) Scribn.; Cenchrus incertus tribolos Boston Journal of Walter; Cav.) var. var. fi 56.1844, fl rst paleasome- ower clusters macroceph- , treis Cenchrus Cenchrus 6:51. fl Flora , ower var. 12: 447 tria Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 1813. Philomatique deParis see Presumably anorthographic variant of Centosteca Desv. fi beaches, onsandyshores,opendunes,active dunes,sandy or bread,grows inmoistsandydunes,oncoastalsands, burs usedasfodder, seedsscorchedtomake herbalcoffee naturalized elsewhere, usefulstabilizerofdunes,young erulous, weedspecies,unpleasanttowalk onbarefooted, less spreading,fertilelemmaandpaleaoccasionallyscab- 448 See 1822, Entdeckungen imganzenUmfangderP 1825, sen.; tiarum Hungaricae Naturalist Generum Plantarum losus (R. Br. ex Fresen.)Kuntze, nom.illeg., non C. vaginatus rosetilla, zacapolin in Mexico: cadillo,huisapole, huitzapol,huizapole,pasto, sandbur, long-spinesandbur sand-dune sandburr, sanddunesandbur, sandbur, dune grass, sandspur, dunesandspur, beachsand-spur, sandspurs, in English:hedgehoggrass,bur, American burrgrass, bur- 1-342. 1982, Puerto Ricoand Adjacent Islands: A SystematicSynopsis Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. States Departmentof Agriculture 2(2): 312.1877, tarum (L.) Kuntze; C. villosus Herb. Plantarum Glumacearum Europe. See Plantarum Glumacearum of Natural History Sections oftheUnitedStates secundum … Species Plantarum dense shrub,groves oflow broadleafevergreen trees,see secondary dunes,tropicalsaltmarshes,opengrasslandsto side ofbarrierdunes,backdunesorsecondaryacross elds andwoods, cultivated Nouveau BulletindesSciences, publiéparlaSociété Systema Naturae, EditioDecima (Spreng.)Spreng.; Tripsacum hermaphroditum 12:127.1908. 3(3):347.1898. Systema Vegetabilium, editiodecimasexta Museum Senckenbergianum 4:214.1915,

(Spreng.) Spreng.( Anthephora villosa

79. 1788, Taxon Species Plantarum Steud. ( Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology United 1:135.Boston,Mass.1837, 44:607.1995. 17(1-3):123.1971[1972], 2:1050.1753, 2:759.1891, Cenchrus tribuloides = 2:189.1810, A Flora oftheNorthernandMiddle 12:127.1908, Pennisetum villosum 1:110.1854and Acta Botanica Academiae Scien- 1:110.1854, Centotheca fi elds, primaryduneszone,land 1:69.1824, Anthephora hermaphrodita Spreng.; 2:1050.1753, 17:110,f.406.1899and L.) 2:134.1837, Revisio GenerumPlan- 2:1261.1759, Journ. deBot. Flora Caroliniana, Desv. fl American Midland Centotheca Flora Brasiliensis anzenkunde Cenchrus villosus L.) Contr. U.S. Natl. Boston Journal R.Br. ex Fre- Cenchrus vil- Flora of Synopsis Synopsis 1:301. Revisio Desv., 1:70. 3:14. Neue tropical Asia, Paci tropical Asia, Some 1/4-5species,Old World tropics,tropical West Africa, within thespikelet ontheupperlemmas. prickly glumes,tothespinesonlemma,hairs spur, pierce”and From theGreek Centotheca Desv. latifolia Hook.f.; Centotheca exserted fromtheuppermostsheath,in ligule membranous,leaves reticulatebelow, panicle strongly nerved, leafbladelanceolatetonearlyelliptic, nodes, woody roots,leafsheathwithhairymargins and ascending andsolitary, sometimesrootingatthe lower tufted, rathercoarse,robust, rhizomatous,culmserector Southeast Asia, India,China, Africa. Perennialorannual, resia latifolia rhizomatous orcaespitose,woody andpersistent, or annual,unarmed,tufted,ascendingtoerect,knottybase, ideae, Oryzodae,Centothecoideae,Centotheceae,perennial ing terminalpanicle,openpanicle withthelower branches cence anascendingpanicle,theterminal linear tolanceolate,plantsbisexual andunarmed,in short rimoranunfringedmembrane,leafbladeselliptic auricles presentorabsent,sheathsstronglynerved, ligulea culms leafy, culmnodesglabrous,internodessolid, upper ica refracta Melica diandra ifolia chloe latifolia parvi lappacea C. lappacea Species 1982, 31. 1881and lich… tions ofplantsmorerecentlydiscovered byNathaniel Wal- edited by William Carey, D.D.towhichareaddeddescrip- tions ofIndianPlants,bytheLate William Roxburgh 447-450. 1972, 1057. 1969, 1810, ences, publiéparlaSociétéPhilomatiquedeParis totheca lappacea spikelets breakingupatmaturity, forestshade,type icules 2orabsent,stamens2-3,ovary glabrous,2stigmas, ceolate, lemmasapiculateandawnless, paleapresent,lod- pedicels hispid,2glumesherbaceousandoblong-lan- Journal ofScienceBot. fl Roth,nom.illeg., non Taxon

Journ. deBot. ora 2 vols. Serampore1820-1824, fl G.Forst.; oret oftenwithre Pentas schumanniana Desv.; Andersson; (L.)Desv. ( 33(4):705.1984, Blumea Roxb.; (Osbeck)P. Beauv. ex Roem.&Schult.) P. Beauv., Mat. Fl.MalayPen. (Osbeck)Kunth; Roxb.; Taxon (L.)Desv., see kenteo Centotheca latifolia fi theke Torresia bi c, India,China,SriLanka.Bambuso- 1:70.1813, 19:57-60.1971, 30:615.1981, Panicum festuciforme Festuca ciliaris = 11:2.1916, Melica lappacea Cenchrus lappaceus “toprick,torture,torment,sting, “acase,sheath,” alludingtothe Centosteca Ramosia fl exed bristles,spikelets with Festuca latifolia fl Taxon K. Krause(Rubiaceae); ora Nouveau BulletindesSci- Holcus latifolius Flora Indica;orDescrip- 3: 122.1907, Roem.&Schult.; Amer. J. Bot. 37(2):434-477.1988. Merr. J. Linn.Soc.Bot. fl Heyne; Dominguezia Kew Bulletin Trin.; orescence abranch- Desv., (L.)Raspail; fl Centosteca Desv. oret rudimentary, L.; Hochst.ex DC.; Festuca lat- Centotheca Centotheca Philippine 56: 1054- fl Osbeck; owering 2:189. 27(3): 4:41. Hiero- fl ores- Cen- Mel- Tor- , … 19: Poa Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC persal byre hairs onthelemma,paleanarrow andslightlyhairy, dis- ering glume,2glumes,lower glumehairy, spinesorstiff drooping, spikelets ovate-elliptic, bristlesontheupper Centrochloa Swallen bücher fürSystematik, P Linnean Society, Botany 1896 and Enum. Pl.Zeyl. Mathématiques, PhysiquesetNaturelles des SciencesdeSaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. Sciences Graminées Sciences Naturelles (Paris) Secunda Ostindisk Resa in forestclearings,amongtallshrubs,see in secondaryvegetation, oldtaroplantations,waste places, ets, alongtrails,forestpaths,lowlands, edgeofwoodlands, turbed areas,swamps, openplacesinrainforestsandthick- damp areas,forestshade,rathershadyhabitats,hills,dis- heads, medicinalvalue, weedspeciesgrowing inshady der, grazedbycattle,usuallyanimalsavoid eating theseed dromus iae Vegetabilium la SociétéPhilomatiquedeParis Bambuseae) Grasses ofBurma,Ceylon, IndiaandPakistan (excluding l‘État C. philippinensis in Vietnam: co’ móc yaa inieo,yakhonmoimaemai phai, niaoma,nieomaa,yaenieo,yaaeenieo,iniao, in Thailand: khonmoimaemai,maemaai,lek in thePhilippines:andu-dukot aridekdiket, baylupatong in Papua New Guinea:kuang in Malaysia:rumputdarah,lilitkain,temaga lorodan in Indonesia:jobuk, jukutkidang,karetetlempad,suket suisexe in SierraLeone:kulagbi,nana,naragbadi,nolomingkodena, in English:barbedgrass 1987. 5. 1980, Museum geographie ington Academy ofSciences Vietnam. Openplaces,inshade,see C. uni Blumea Philippines. See sis Merr.) 141.1820, 23:256,f.31/F. 1953, fl 8.1786, 19(1):60.1971. ora 18:10.1947, 1488.1763, Grasses ofJapan anditsNeighboringRegions Handb. Fl.Ceylon 1:21.1829, 39:521.1907,

ﬂ Swallen 457,459.1960, 2:515,728.1817, exed spines,moderatelypalatable,goodfod- Nov. Fl.Ind.Orient. 374.1864, 247.1757, Philippine Journal ofScience Nouveau BulletindesSciences,publiépar

(Merr.) C.Monod( Florulae Insularum Australium Pro- Mémoires del‘AcadémieImpériale 36:420.1904, Bulletin duJardin Botaniquede fl anzengeschichte undP The Flora ofBritishIndia 26(12):535-537,f.1.1936. Bulletin ofthe Tokyo Science 5:443.1825, Smithsonian Contr. Botany 5:304.1900, Grasses ofCeylon Species Plantarum,Editio Fundamenta Agrostograph- 2:189.1810, 75.1821, Ramosia philippinen- Journal ofthe Wash- 1(4):358.1830, Botanische Jahr- Dagbok ofweren Journal ofthe Révision des 11:2.1916, Annales des 32.1956, Systema fl anzen- fl 332. 497. ow- 45: 2 stigmas, openhabitats,deserts, anearliernamefor 187-188, t.5.1820, United StatesNationalHerbarium bisexual, in ligule afringeofhairs,leafbladesstiff andpungent,plants tufted ordecumbent,woody rootstock, auriclesabsent, perennial, herbaceous,unbranched,unarmed,glaucous, East, northernIndia. Arundinoideae, Arundineae, annualor About 4species,North Africa, southern Africa, Middle “foot,” referring tothestem. trobaileya 28. 1887and Nevski, ing,” rum chinense Panicoideae, Andropogoneae, Sorghinae, type bisexual, in baceous, auriclesabsent,liguleafringedmembrane,plants Panicoideae, Paniceae, Paspalinae, annual,caespitose,her- One species,Brazil.Panicoideae, Panicodae, Paniceae, or young grass,vegetables, greens.” Greek Centrochloa Swallen From theGreek Centropodia Reichenbach From theGreek Centrophorum Trin. 1 or3straightgeniculate, or subequal,rachillainternode betweentheglumes,awns enclosed byspathe-like upperleaf sheaths, 2glumesequal 2 lodiculesfreeand ceous withaterminallongtuft, awn straightorgeniculate, 2 moreorlessequalstrongly 7-11nerved, lemmas coria- zil.” Swallen, “ savannah, type cules, 3stamens,ovary glabrous,2stigmas,openhabitats, cent topuberulous,paleapresent,2freeand glume extending below thecallus,upperlemmatippubes- solitary, 1glumeperspikelet, lower glumeabsent,upper 25(4): 192,f. A. 1935. Brazil. See C. singularis Species National Herbarium 190-193. 1935, Journal ofthe Washington Academy ofSciences kentrophoros kentron Centropodia 5(3):503-533.1999, Centrochloa Journal ofthe Washington Academy ofSciences fl fl Swallen Trin.,see orescence ofsubdigitateracemes,spikelets orescence acontractedpanicle,panicles “aspur, prickle”and Flora Mesoamericana kentron Centrochloa singularis kentron Contributions from theUnitedStates “withasting.” Die Natürlichen P 46:151.2003. fl , anew genusofgrassesfromBra- “aspur, prickle”and Fundamenta Agrostographiae eshy, 3stamens,ovary glabrous, “aspur, prickle”and (R.Br.) Rchb. = fl Chrysopogon oret calluspungent,glumes = Contributions from the 46:159-161.2003. Asthenatherum 6:383.1994, fl chloe, chloa anzenfamilien Swallen, seeJ.R. phoros Trin. pous, podos fl Centropho- eshy lodi- ”grass, “bear- 2(2): 106, Aus- 25: 449

Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC C. Species of EthiopiaandEritrea of theMissouriBotanicalGarden 15(1/2): 153-159.1984, (Gramineae).” habitats, see stock andcamels,onsandyplain,sanddunes,ariddesert glumes andpilose,lemma2-lobed,awned, goodfodderfor linear, glumesequal glabrous, lemmashorterthanthe cent, ligulearingofhairs,densepaniclecontractedand tufted, erect,robust, linearleaves pubescent,sheathspubes- Sudan, Egypt,Iran,Israel.Perennial,tuftedtoloosely P. Beauv.) stographie Danthonia forskalii Forssk., nom.illeg., non skalei Nevski; Botanicae, … forskalei Cope, “ papery bracts,leafbladesscabridwitha the base,shortlyrhizomatous,rhizomescovered with variable withhabitat,brittle,fragile,weak,branchedfrom South Africa. Annual orshort-lived perennial,tufted,erect, glauca auctt.; C. in Sahara(Tassili): takamayt in Niger:adawu, alamfazo, tetemt,aelambazo in Morocco:rabya in Mauritania:burekkebah, legsaibo, zeihife legsaibo in Arabic: nowia 48: 647.1898and königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien spectus Regni Vegetabilis coveries inNorthernandCentral Africa Asthenatherum 450 239-266. 1962, tral Africa Narrative of Travels andDiscoveries inNorthernandCen- forskalii in gravel useful forerosioncontrol,found insandveld, onsand dunes, with bentawns, very palatable,very high grazingvalue, dense contractedpanicle,lower 2spikelets bisexual, glumes sheaths denselyhairyandloose,ligulearingofshorthairs, Australioris Illustrationes Monographicae habitats, onredsand,gravelly soils,see

forskalii glauca Vahl; 19:446.1990. Nees) Asthenatherum glaucum Centropodia Asthenatherum forskalii (Vahl) Trin.; subsp. ﬂ

88.1812, ats betweendunes,indeep sandy soils,open

244.1826, (Nees) T.A. Cope( (Vahl) Cope( Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica Avena forskalii Kew Bulletin Nevski, see 2: 25.1791, glauca Kew Bulletin Kew Bulletin (Vahl) Trin.; : anearliernamefor Danthoniaforskalii (Nees)Maire& Weiller; Species Graminum 7:73.1995. Bothalia Avena pensylvanica 212a.1828and Verhandlungen derkaiserlich- Asthenatherum forskahlei 37(4):657-659.1983, Narrative of Travels andDis- Essai d‘uneNouvelle Agro- 37(4):657-659.1982, T.A. Vahl; (Nees)Nevski; (Vahl) Nevski; 37(4):658.1982, 18:119-122.1988, Asthenatherum forskahlei 75:866-873.1988, Trisetum forskalii Avena pensylvanica 23.1775, ﬁ Senck. Biol. ne sharptip,basal 244.1826, 1:t.49.1826, 327.1841and (Vahl) R.Br.; Asthenatherum Florae Africae L.; Danthonia Danthonia Danthonia Avena for- Symbolae Bothalia Willde- (Vahl) (Vahl) Annals 43(4): Flora Con- From theGreek Cephalostachyum Munro From theGreek Ammochloa Cephalochloa Cosson&Durieu entalium novarum Pooideae, Poodae, Aveneae, see young grass.” Griff., icules, 6stamens,hollow ovary appendage,2-3stigmas, cephalanthium, 2-several glumes,paleapresent,3free lod- spikelets withbasalbuds, pseudospikelet aggregating into extending outward, plantsbisexual, shedding late,auricleslacking ornot,sheathbladeerect glabrous orhairy, internodeslong,culmsheathcoriaceous ﬂ climbing, straggling,pendulousorscandentnotscandent, morph, manifoldbranching,woody, unarmed, thin-walled, denseclumps, rhizomespachy- dae, Bambuseae, Melocanninae,sympodial,perennial, eastern Himalayasto Thailand. Bambusoideae, Bambuso- Indomalaya, Burma(Myanmar),Madagascar, fromnorth- About 1/12-16species,tropicsandsubtropics,Bhutan, Sciences Naturelles, Botanique 1931, Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis, Beihefte Universitatis Lundensis era Graminum 43: 254.1962, in 1853-61 logue ofthe African PlantsCollectedbyDr. F. Welwitsch sandy places,riverbeds, desert,drainagelines,see bous rhizomes,basalsheathspresentorabsent,incoarse South Africa. Perennial,tufted,rhizomatous, woody bul- dle) (Angola,Mossamedes) medense C. in South Africa: ghagras,dünenhafer in English:ghagrass 37(4): 658.1982. C. mossamedensis papery bracts,leafsheathsdenselyhairy. South Africa. Perennial,tufted,rhizomescovered withhairy Flore del‘AfriqueduNord: C. brous, sandydunes. South Africa, SouthernKalahari.Perennial, tufted, gla- owering culmsleafy, culminternodeshollow, culmnodes

glauca glauca Kew Bulletin, Additional Series Schizostachyum (Rendle)Conert;

(Nees) T.A. Copevar. (Nees) T.A. Copevar. 2(1):211.1899and Boiss. ]. Kew Bulletin kephale kephale ser. 1.2(13):51-52.1854,

(Rendle) Cope( “head”and “head”and 36(4):12.1900, Cephalochloa Cosson&Durieu Danthonia mossamedensis Nees 37(4):658.1982. 2: 363.1953, , sér. 41:229.1854and Senckenbergiana Biologica lasiophylla Diagnoses plantarumori- = glauca Asthenatherum mossa- Schizostachium ﬂ stachys 13: 109.1986[ chloe, chloa owering iterauctant, ﬂ exible, persistent, = (Pilger)Conert “aspike.” Kew Bulletin Repertorium Annales des 63:1.45. “grass, Cata- Ren- Gen- Acta

Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Schizostachyum capitatum dar; Ruprecht; Bambusa capitata C. capitatum tabilis Burma. See H.B. Naithani&Bennet) ( C. burmanicum Species 2000. butions from theUnited StatesNationalHerbarium et Naturelles. SecondePartie: Sciences Naturelles bourg. Sixième Série. SciencesMathématiques, Physiques oires del‘AcadémieImpérialedesSciencesSaint Péters- into mats,seedsusedasfood intimeofscarcity, see used forbuilding purposesandarrows, usedforweaving glabrous, culmsheathssmooth,leaves usedasfodder, stems Bhutan, Sikkim,India.Internodessmooth,culmsnodes S. Kumar &P. Singh) Madagascar.” new bamboogenera(Gramineae-Bambusoideae) from 702. 1997,S.Drans 282. Calcutta1989, Botanical Survey ofIndia,FloraSeries4,281- rae IndicaeEnumeratio: Monocotyledonae, Bambusoideae mus Cephalostachyum Stapleton, D.Z.Li&N.Jia-Ron,“A new combinationin Smithsonian Contributions toBotany native totheNew World (Gramineae:Bambusoideae).” 193: i-iii,1-74.1961,F.A. McClure,“Genera ofbamboos Descripton, culture,andutilization.” Young &J.R.Haun,“BamboointheUnitedStates: de France Resources ofSouth-East Asia in Yunnan,China.” Li &J.-R.Xue,“Thediversity andconservation ofbamboos publicae Popularis Sinicae lostachyum 7(26): 107,t.94.1896and A. Camus,“Le genre 566. 1877, 138-139, 143,t.3.1868, 626-627. 1835, green forest,type sites, mountaintoforestsatlow altitudes,riverbanks, ever- humid andshadyconditions,broad-leaved forests,moist mixed forests,highrainfall forests,thickets, nearstreams, useful forweaving intomats,foundindeciduousforest, Cephalostachyum Munro 1851, Deutsch. Fl. Flora Brasiliensis seuEnumeratio Plantarum Schizostachyum burmanicum (Gramineae-Bambusoideae).” Transactions oftheLinneanSocietyLondon 31:127.1932, Schizostachyum capitatum Schizostachyum capitatum 72:84-88.1925, aMadagascar.” Annals oftheRoyalBotanicGarden, Calcutta. Repertorium SpecierumNovarum Regni Vege- 6: 6.1846, Munro( Kew Bulletin Bambuseae withnotesonnamesin Trinius,not Cephalostachyum capitatum R.N.Parker &C.E.Parkinson The Bamboos fi Bambusa capitata eld, “ Edin. J. Bot. Indian Forester Notulae adPlantas Asiaticas Forest Flora ofBritishBurma Rupr.; 9(1):i-xxvi,1-761.1996,D.-Z. Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique 53(2):375-397.1998, Valiha 46-47,t.17,f.46.1839, Taxon (R.Parker &C.E.Parkinson) 7:1-191.1995, Bambusa capitata 6:83-94.1997,C.M.A. and Kew Bulletin Schizostachyum munroi 6(7):201.1957,R.A. 51:29.1994, (Munro)R.B.Majum- Agriculture Handbook 9:1-148.1973, 117(1):68.1991. Cathariostachys Wall. &Griff., not (Trin.) Rupr.; Neomicrocala- 2:535.1829, Munro,see 52(3):699- Flora Rei- Willd.ex 39:36. Contri- Cepha- 3:64. 26(1): Mém- Plant 3(1): Flo- , 2 2: A Calcutta. India, Sikkim.See decompositum R.B. Majumdar&Karth.; and tions oftheLinneanSocietyLondon C. 90: 74.1943. Vietnam. See botanists Paris 1907;seeJ.H.Barnhart, Centrale Française Jean BaptisteChevalier, 1873-1956,authorof C. chevalieri of Taiwan Forestry Research Institute of Malagasy (Madagascar), East Africa.” “The speciesanddistribution ofbamboosintheRepublic la SociétéBotaniquedeFrance Botany ( Numerical ListofDriedSpecimens Majumdar; London Madagascar. See Malgache Louis. Annotées parG.Fontoynont.” lier, copiéessurlesoriginaux existant auxarchives dePort- Imprimerie Moderne. Tananarive 1940;“LettresdeChape- Armand Chapelier. Voyageur-Naturaliste (1778-1806). 1802, seeH.Poisson, C. chapelieri 4): 423.1991. India, Floraof281.1989, Monocotyledonae, Bambusoideae ring below joint,sheathshedding late,nosheathauricles, China, Yunnan. Culmspruinose,culmwall thin,pruinose Schizostachyum sharmae C. capitatum in India:gobia,gopi,payang,silli in Bhutan:payong,dullubans,dulloopishima Local names:jhi,pishima,dulloobans,payong Soc. Gamble; Majumdar, nom.illeg., non Munro; C. fuchsianum donae, Bambusoideae 2: 564.1877and Bengal India, Burma.Cultivated, ornamental,see Schizostachyum Schizostachyum capitatum fl 70(1-4):423.1991. Fl. Ind.Enumerat.-Monocot. avescens 21:317-353,407-455.1884-1885and n.s.42(2):252.1873, 26(1):140.1868, . 1:340.1965) 7(26):105.1896and Schizostachyum fuchsianum Schizostachyum latifolium 10:297-371.1912) A. Camus(aftertheFrenchbotanist Auguste Schizostachyum latifolium Munro(forLouis Armand Chapelier, 1779- (Gamble)S.Kumar &P. Singh) Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance Munrovar. Kurz ( fl Gamble( Florae IndicaeEnumeratio: Monocotyle- avescens Transactions oftheLinneanSociety . MissionChari-Lac Tchad, 1902-1904. Annals oftheRoyalBotanicGarden, 281.1989. S.Kumar &P. Sing) Etude desmanuscritsdeLouis Melocanna lutescens (Kurz) R.B.Majumdar) Journal oftheLinneanSociety, var. var. Cephalostachyum latifolium Schizostachyum munroi Forest Flora ofBritishBurma Florae IndicaeEnumeratio: Schizostachyum latifolium decompositum 72:86.1925, W.C. Lin, 281.1989, Biographical notesupon J. IndianBot.Soc. decompositum BotanicalSurvey of 8913.1849, (Gamble)Majumdar; Bulletin del‘Académie no. 4:33.1967. 26(1):139.1868 (Gamble)R.B. (Munro)R.B. Special Bulletin J.Soc. Asiat. J. IndianBot. Bulletin de (Gamble) Gamble L’Afrique Transac- Kurz; 70(1- var. 451 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Ind. Enumerat.-Monocot. Botanic Garden, Calcutta. Institute 72: 88.1925, Madagascar. See cariensis C. madagascariense in Bhutan:jhi,ghopibans,pishima,palom 70(1-4): 423.1991, Society ofLondon eral, usedforweaving, see 107, t.94.1896and C. pallidum in Philippines:bagto 148-149. 1995. for thisplant,see handicrafts, householdarticles,sometaxonomicproblem dospikelets clusteredateachnode, usedforfencingand Philippines. Scrambling,thin-walled, many slenderpseu- Gamble) J. IndianBot.Soc. 1868, Transactions oftheLinneanSocietyLondon shortly tomentosebeneath,stripsusedinweaving, see 11 leaves oneachtwig,leafbladesovate-lanceolate sparsely sheath ligulevery low, sheathbladenarrow-lanceolate, 7- 452 R.B. Majumdar) illeg., non Schizostachyum latifolium ble; C. latifolium 1921. Vietnam. See C. langbianense 29. 1994. culm sheathsridges,in Bhutan, India,Burma.Internodesrough,culmnodeshairy, Schizostachyum sharmae Schizostachyum latifolium C. mindorense ideae) fromMadagascar.” riostachys mannii C. mannii 1998. cot. Himal. BambooSpec. 7(26): t.26.1896, India. See Majumdar; 279.1989, Schizostachyum fuchsianum Annals oftheRoyalBotanicGarden, Calcutta. Gamble; no. 4:33.1967,S.Drans (A.Camus)S.Dransf.) , 2new bamboogenera(Gramineae-Bambuso-

Annals oftheRoyalBotanicGarden, Calcutta. Racemobambos mannii (Gamble) Stapleton&D.Z.Li( Munro( Munro( Special Bulletinof Taiwan Forestry Research Bull. Mus.Nation.Hist.Nat.Paris Schizostachyum latifolium Gamble( Kew Bulletin A. Chevalier & A. Camus Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance Neomicrocalamus mannii Fl. Brit.Ind. 26(1):140.1868, 70(1-4):423.1991, Plant Resources ofSouth-East Asia Fl. Ind.Enumerat.-Monocot. Edin. J. Bot. A. Camus( 23.1988, Cephalostachyum fuchsianum Schizostachyum pallidum fl S.Kumar &P. Sing) orescence compoundandunilat- 281.1989, (Munro)R.B.Majumdar, nom. 7(26):107,t.94.1896and Cephalostachyum mindorensis Kew Bulletin 52(3):700.1997. Transactions oftheLinnean 7:38.1896and (Gamble)Majumdar; (Gamble)R.B.Majumdar; Cathariostachys madagas- Fl. Ind.Enumerat.-Mono- 51(1):29.1994. fi (Gamble)Campbell) eld, “ Annals oftheRoyal J. IndianBot.Soc. Edin. J. Bot. Valiha 53(2):375-397. (Gamble)R.B. Arundinaria 26(1):140. and Notes Sino- Gamble; 281.1989, (Munro) 27:452. Catha- 51(1): 7(26): Gam- 7: Fl. to tomentose,usedinweaving andmaking lanceolate, leaves ovate-lanceolate itsundersidescabrous ligule very low, sheathbladenarrow-lanceolate tolong- main branch,sheathnarrow long,nosheathauricles, dent, culmwall thin,branchingextending upward withno India, Burma,Bhutan,China.Upperpartoftheculmscan- S. Dransf.; C. peclardii 282. 1989]. 4, 282.Calcutta1989[also busoideae and actions oftheLinneanSocietyLondon Madagascar. See and with 1-2sterile rough, in sheath auricleslongovate, leafbladeslinear-lanceolate and thick andleathery, sheath bladeerectorextending outward, pendulous tips,branchesfromtheuppernodes,culmsheath adnate pubescence,very thinwalled, erectwithnoddingto in large stands,youngculmsdenselycovered withsmall Myanmar (Burma). Tufted, sympodial,deciduous,growing Schizostachyum pergracile C. pergracile no. 4:19,33.1967, 1925, cultivated, ornamental,stemsusedfor can bepropagated byseedandrhizomecuttings,widely nean SocietyofLondon mixed deciduousforests, hills,see year-old culmusedforcookingglutinousrice,foundin young shootsbitterandedible,inBurmainternodeofa1- handicrafts, bindingmaterials,raw materialforpaperpulp, building, fences,wind-breaks,crateweaving, basketry, versity ScienceBulletin 235-243. 1957, Bor; & C.M.Hui,nom.illeg., non C. scandens wan Forestry Research Institute Botanique deFrance Madagascar. Climbing,scandent,see C. perrieri blo, waa blo,wa phlong,waa phlong mai-pang, paang,pang,phai-khaolam,phai-khaolarm,wa in Thailand: khaaolaam,khaolam,khuipang,paang, in Laos:khauzhla:m in India:latang,madang in Burma:tinwa in English:tinwa bamboo Fl. Ind.Enumerat.-Monocot. Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance Florae IndicaeEnumeratio: Monocotyledonae, Bam- Cephalostachyum scandens Special Bulletinof Taiwan Forestry Research Institute fl BotanicalSurvey ofIndia,FloraSeries A. Camus A. orescence drooping,pseudospikelets, spikelets Nastus capitatus A. Camus( Bor( Munro( fl The IndianForester Révision desGraminées Cephalostachyum scandens orets atbase,often Kew Bulletin 72:85.1925, 26(1):141.1868and 9:39.1940, Oxytenanthera aliena Cathariostachys capitata (Munro)R.B.Majumdar) Kunth) 282.1989. Fl. Ind.Enumerat.-Monocot. Cephalostachyum scandens no. 4:18,33.1967. Cephalostachyum Munro Hsueh &C.M.Hui,nom. 53(2):391.1998. Transactions oftheLin- Special Bulletinof Tai- Economic Botany Bulletin delaSociété 102: 579-595.1976, fl owers sporadically, fi 1:325,t.75.1830 shing rodsandin 26(1):139.1868 fl utes, see JiaRongXue Lingnan Uni- 72:87-88. McClure; (Kunth) Trans- 11: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC lea of London lem forthisplant,see found growing inevergreen forests,sometaxonomic prob- household utensils,inware weaving usedasraftersorstrips, dospikelets ateachnode,culmsusedformatting,handles, in Thailand: paihia,phaihiae in Myanmar:waba 2: 564.1877and outside down, leaves lanceolate,in row stripe,sheathbladenarrow-lanceolate erectorturned horizontally, youngculm pruinose,sheathauricleslike nar- fold branchingatlower portionofculm,branchesspreading Myanmar. Culmtopslightlydrooping,thin-walled, mani- net) Schizostachyum virgatum C. virgatum in Madagascar: tsiergolovolo estry Research Institute de France Greek Ceratochloa Ceratochloa DC.&P. Beauv. mane, loose From theGreek Ceratochaete Lunell by Madagascar. Solid,climbing,lining,erectorsuberect,eaten C. viguieri Phytotaxonomica Sinica China Research ofBamboosfrom Nujiang(Salween), Yunnan, 12(3): 419.1958, Burma, China.Scandent,straggling,see scandens illeg., non Ceratochaete Lunell Pooideae, Bromeae,type referring totheseeds. Palisot deBeauvois, Herter, see and aquatica Ehrhartoideae, Oryzeae,Zizaniinae,type 2000. from theUnited StatesNationalHerbarium Organ. Pl.Biosyst.(Oslo) 72: 6.1992, fl Hapalemur aureus American MidlandNaturalist ess branch,several to many groupsofslenderpseu- 22.1996, keras, keratos (L.)Lunell,see (Bor)H.B.Naithani&Bennet) 72:85-86.1925, 26(1):133.1868, Cephalostachyum scandens A. Camus A. Species Plantarum (Munro)Kurz ( fl Sida owing hair, longhair.” P. Beauv. keras, keratos Kew Bulletin Indian Forester 17(3):533-549.1997, Indian Forester Essai d‘unenouvelle Agrostographie “ahorn”and , see Transactions oftheLinneanSociety 35(6):562-565.1997. no. 4:19,33.1967. (Munro)H.B.Naithani&Ben- Species Plantarum 30:10-15.1999, Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique = Ceratochloa cathartica Special Bulletinof Taiwan For- Forest Flora ofBritishBurma “ahorn”and 52(3):699-702.1997, Zizania Melocanna virgata 1:76-78.1753, A.M.F.J. 117(1):68.1991. 4:214.1915, fl chloe, chloa Bor; 117(1):68.1991, orescence borneon = L. Bromus Schizostachyum chaite 39:116-118. Newslett. Int. Kew Bulletin 2:991.1753 Contributions Ceratochaete Phytologia “grass,” Munro; “bristle, L., (Vahl) Acta . the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium esia tematic revision andphylogeny of the MissouriBotanicalGarden Linnaea Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis States NationalHerbarium tarum 1994, 1883, tung. Berlin Botanicus. Editiosecunda Botanicus. Editiosecunda iensis seuEnumeratio Plantarum 1817, 4. 1816, Botany ofSouth-Carolina andGeorgia Agrostographie Synopsis Plantarum Encyclopédique etMéthodique…Botanique (Elaeocarpaceae), 2003. from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium and 1759, 2) t.28.Paris 1805, taux RecueillisdanslesIsles Australes d‘Afrique Aubert duPetit-Thouars(1758-1831), Editio Decima Panicoideae, Paniceae, Paspalinae, see Cerea Schltdl. botanicam spectantia a catalogue … doideae, Zoysieae, Sporobolinae,see Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Sporobolinae,orChlori- Ceytosis Munro Pers., see Panicoideae, Paniceae, Paspalinae, type Ceres, thedaughterofSaturnandOps. Ceresia Pers. 191. 2003. tions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Taxon 75, 158.1812, de Botánica Div. Agrostol.Bull. Brittonia (Poaceae:Panicoideae: Paniceae)], Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. 3(2):360.1898and 41:559.1992, Index Kewensis Conspectus Regni Vegetabilis Las Gramíneas deMéxico Flora Caroliniana, secundum… 26:133.1953, Systema Vegetabilium, editiodecima sexta 7:421.1952, Systema Naturae, EditioDecima 19(44):326.1861, 6(5-6):144.1940, Flora Rossica 846,855,1359.1759,Louis-Marie Aubert 9:171,t.5,f.4.1812, 1: 48.1789, = = 23:1-66.1900, 1:85.1805, partimepropriis,ex amicorum Paspalum = 1:489.1893, Bot. Zeitung(Berlin) Ceresia Taxon Cerea Flora Mesoamericana Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Crypsis 2:256.1841, Contributions from theUnited 1:333.1840, 24:153.1925, 44:611-612.1995, 4(13):360.1852and 12: 116.1908, Thou. Collectanea adomnemrem 89(3):337-399.2002[Sys- Pers., Genera Plantarum 5:1-446.1999, L. 2:76.1829, Blumea Aiton Paspalum 49.1828, Revisio GenerumPlan- Essai d‘uneNouvelle Revista Sudamericana Hortus Kewensis; or, 46:443-527.2003. 26(15):230.1929, 1(2):109,pl.6.f. SystemaNaturae, Paspalum Histoire des Végé- Contributions from 75. 1788, 4(3):498.1941, 102:447.1981, Ceresia elegans 846,855,1359. A Sketch ofthe Botanische Zei- 12:820.1854 subgenus 1:177.1791, 46:443-527. Contributions Nomenclator Flora Brasil- Nomenclator Repertorium 6:335-352. Contribu- Annals of 48:154- U.S.D.A. 3:1098. (edition Tableau 2:290. L. Cer- 453 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC National Herbarium 14d: 62.1956, 1921, rium SpecierumNovarum Regni Vegetabilis ischen Botanischen Vereins bisexual, in auricles absent,liguleamembrane,leafbladeslinear, plants or decumbent,caespitose,oftenrootingatlower nodes, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae, annualorperennial,erect Mexico, Argentina, Bolivia, theCaribbean.Chloridoideae, About 4species,NorthandSouth America, north-central Schreb. Chaboissaea E.Fourn. Society Botany Turici [Zürich],apudH.Gessnerum,[1806-]1809, schedis manuscriptisconcinnavit etediditJ.J.Roemer. 454 itary spikelets laterallycompressed, included inuppersheath,disarticulationabove glumes,sol- lower lian Journal ofBotany 1946, 17: 181-189.1913, Contributions from the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium ditches, closelyrelatedto itats, ephemeralpools,seasonallywetmarshes,drainage glabrous, stigmas2,widespreadinmarshy areas,openhab- glabrous, lodicules lemma entireandawned orawnless ormucronate,palea fl sion of 155-157. 1988,P.M. PetersonandC.R. Annable, “A revi- 405-407. 1953, mata 1789, Chaboissaea ligulata 629. 1994, 39(1): 8-30.1992, bergia atacamensis C. atacamensis Species 143-173. 2001. tributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Grasses: SystematicsandEvolution of theMuhlenbergiinae (Chloridoideae:Eragrostideae).” Brittonia Madroño Agronomía see South America.Annual, thera atacamensis orets absentorpresent,2glumesmorelessequal, 2:171.1791, Parodi) Systema Naturae …editio decimatertia,aucta,refor- fl Journal ofthe Washington Academy ofSciences Die natürlichen P oret perfect,upper Chaboissaea 50(1):23-50.1998,P.M. Peterson,“Systematics 42(4):427-449.1995, 15:248,250.1948, ; fl Flora Mesoamericana orescence apanicleexserted orpartially Muhlenbergia atacamensis 6:54.1862and (Parodi) P.M. Peterson & Annable ( Phytologia Contributions from theUnitedStates Parodi; American Journal ofBotany fl 41:38,56-57.2001. Mexicanas Plantas (Poaceae:Eragrostideae).,” Flora TaxonomicaMexicana E.Fourn., see eshy andglabrous,stamens3,ovary 33:433-484.1985, fl fl 37(4):317-407.1977, , ser. 2,30:83.1913, anzenfamilien, Zweite Au Muhlenbergia atacamensis oret staminateorsterile,sterile Muhlenbergia = Mittheilungen der Thüring- Madroño Muhlenbergia Sida Revista Argentinade fl Genera Plantarum 195-212.2000, orets 1-3perspikelet, 6:276-286.1994, 17:349-365.1996, 2:112.1886and 39(1):19.1992. var. var. 17(19-30):293. Schreb., type Phytologia brachyan- 81:622- Madroño Reperto-

Muhlen- , vol. 1. J. Linn. Austra- Con- fl var. 41: 65: 43: 44. age 2003. United StatesNationalHerbarium Botánica Mexicana tuto deBotânica(SãoPaulo) 466-470. 1998, Greek Chaetaria P. Beauv. From theGreek Chaetium Nees C. subbi in Mexico: pelillo Department of Agriculture 1886 and Botanical Garden type or Aristidoideae,Aristideae, Arundinoideae, Aristideae, Mexico. Goodforage,see Scribn. &Merr.) land ofChina 257. 1994, subbi 1994, Kurtziana Herb. siques etNaturelles Pétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. SciencesMathématiques, Phy- Mémoires del‘AcadémieImpérialedesSciencesSaint ou nouveaux genresdes Graminées.30,152,158.1812, tarum 17(6): 437.1935, Mexico. Annual, moistsoil,see absent, plantsbisexual, in unbranched, caespitose,erect,solidinternodes,auricles coideae, Paniceae, Melinidinae,perennial,herbaceous, West Indies.Panicoideae, Panicodae, Paniceae, orPani- About 3species,tropicalSouth America, Brazil,Mexico, present, 2freeand acuminate orawned, upperlemmashortlyawned, palea lower glumesometimesreduced toanawn, lower lemma lanceolate solitaryorpaired,2 glumessubequalandawned, late, loosesingleracemealong acentralaxis,spikelets brous, 2stigmas,openareas, alongroadsides,grasslands, C. ligulata 1988. México see Mexico. Annual, gia decumbens C. decumbens Chaetaria stricta fl 1:82.1753, Flora ofEthiopiaandEritrea 22(7): 529.1924, ora chaite 23:30-32,f.4.1958[1959], fl ora 1:123-206.1961, Hitchc.) Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology UnitedStates Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán E. Fourn. ( “bristle,loose (Hitchc.)Reeder&C.( 1995(1):16-20.1995, (Swallen) Reeder&C.( Swallen) Bot. Rev. chaite Phytologia 82:593-595.1995, 63:1-45.2003, fl 1(1):83.1830and = Essai d‘unenouvelle Agrostographie eshy lodicules,3 stamens, ovary gla- (Michx.)P. Beauv., see Boletín delaSociedadBotánica “bristle,loose Muhlenbergia ligulata Berchtoldia 64:1-85.1998, Meded. Rijks.-Herb. fl = 24:19.1901. Mexicanas Plantas orescence racemoseorpanicu- fl Flora Mesoamericana 65(2):156.1988. Aristida owing hair.” 12:113-179.1999, North American Flora North American 7:76-85.1995, 46:69-104,151-152. Contributions from the Annals oftheMissouri Phytologia Chaboissaea E.Fourn. fl J.Presl owing hair, foliage.” L. Candollea Contr. U.S. Natl. Boletim doInsti- Muhlenbergia Species Plan- 54:9.1926, 2:112,t.1. (E.Fourn.) Muhlenber- 65(2):156. 3:1-35. 6:253- 53(2): Grass- Acta , Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC absent, liguleafringeofhairs,plantsbisexual, in nodes, blacknetwork ofroots andrunners,auricles sometimes decumbent,rootingalsooccursatthelower branched, sometimeslong-rhizomatousorstoloniferous, nieae, perennial,tufted,herbaceous,erect,unarmed, About 1-3species,South Africa. Arundinoideae, Dantho- “oats,” referring totheshapeofspikelets. C. bromoides Species United StatesNationalHerbarium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae).], sistemática yanálisiscladísticodelgénero Botanical Garden meratio Plantarum Species Plantarum From theGreek Chaetobromus Nees trails, moistforest,type Chaetobromus Nees moides Mesoamericana 149. 1877and keanae along roadsides,see Mexico. Perennial,erect,formingcolonies,forage,found West Indies,Cuba. Awnless, see Perotis cubana C. cubanum Americana; …Botany 1830, Botanicus. Editiosecunda 134. 1805, 1789, C. festucoides 12(6): 232.1909. Contributions from the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium la Academia deCienciasMedicas… Omnium HucusqueCognitarum tarum ment [1810], South America, Brazil.See Panicum chaetium bromus involucratus dif stigmas, coastalspecies,on sandy soil,drystony soils, a present, lodiculesglabrous, 3 stamens,ovary glabrous, 2 and bristles,female-fertilelemmas withabentawn, palea equal orsubequal,lemmas membranous withlongawns fl paniculate openorcontracted,spikelets solitary2-to4- owered, linearpungentbeardedcallus,2glumespapery fi cult genus,serioustaxonomic problems,type 4:283.1816, Flora Brasiliensis Variedades deCiencias,Literatura y Artes 2(1):270-271.1829, 1(4-5):323-324,t.43.1830, J.Presl; Encyclopédie Méthodique. Botanique…Supplé- Genera etspeciesplantarum (C. Wright) Hitchc.( (J.Presl)Benth.ex Hemsl.( Nees( C. Wright) 6:330-331.1994, Panicum berchtholdiae Brittonia chaite Steud.; 1:55.1753, Flora Brasiliensis seuEnumeratio Plan- 2(1):269-271.1829, 85(3):404-424.1998[Revisión (Schrad.)Nees,see Oplismenus festucoides Reliquiae Haenkeanae “bristle”plus 2(2):150.1877, Chaetium festucoides 3: 503.1885. 2:254.1841. 23(3):293-324.1971, = Panicum festucoides Flore d‘Oware Danthonia Flora Brasiliensis seuEnu- 1:146.1830, Enumeratio Plantarum Bouteloua litigiosa Hortus Kewensis 46:152-153.2003. Annals oftheMissouri Flora Brasiliensis Contributions from the Bromus Döll) 5.1816, 8: 288.1871and Biologia Centrali- Flore Française. Reliquiae Haen- Berchtoldia bro- DC. (Nees)Kunth; 1:324,t.43. 2:14.1807 Nomenclator L., Poir.) fl Nees,see Chaetium orescence Anales de 2(4,21): Chaeto- bromos 1:85. Flora 2(2): Lag.; Conspectus Florae Africae Greek Chaetochloa Scribner subterranean runners,leaves withsharppoints,in South Africa. Perennial,erect,rootingatthelower nodes, C. schraderi of Botany Scribner (1851-1938),in 178. 1812, (L.) Scribn.,see Panicoideae, Paniceae, Setariinae,type “grass.” tous, erect,basalleaves andsheathshairy, basal South Africa. Perennial,stoloniferousortufted,rhizoma- involucrata dregeanus 646-658. 1990, C. involucratus 18(1): 74.1998. Glumacearum Monographicae See South Africa. Steud.) C. dregeanus Species 2003. South Africa.” uation ofrestorationtechniquesfortheSucculentKaroo, thonieae: Poaceae)],P.C. Beukes andR.M.Cowling, “Eval- [A re-evaluation ofspecieslimitsin African Journal ofBotany Danthonia involucrata 345. 1841and Africae Australioris Illustrationes Monographicae 690. 1817, Troisième Édition stographie 2: 383.1824, Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften tingische gelehrte Anzeigen central awn usuallynot geniculate,rocky places,see [ tralioris Illustrationes Monographicae ensis sion, amongshrubs,rocky areas,sandysoil,see grazing crop,usedtoprotectsandysoilagainst windero- cence paniculate,spikelets onthe side branches,valuable in South Africa: wortelgras 33: 646-658.1990. Agrostographia Capensis 7:538.1899and chaite 18(1):70,72.1998. (Nees) Verboom; 92,t.18,f.8.1812, Index Seminum[Berlin] (Schrad.)Nees) A Natural SystemofBotany “bristle,mane,crest,foliage”and

Stapf Linnaea 1:244.1854and

Bothalia

Nees ( Restoration Ecology Nordic Journal ofBotany (Schrad.) Nees( 1:343-345.1841, Essai d‘uneNouvelle Agrostographie Florae AfricaeAustraliorisIllustrationes 3: 32.1805, 7(3):310.1832, Bothalia Chaetobromus involucratus 18:111-114,119-122.1988, (Schrad.)Schrad.; Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology …denuoimpressa.Halae1853], 5:851.1894and 61:60-65.1995, ( = unter der Aufsicht derKönigl. Danthonia dregeana 18:119-122.1988, Essai d‘uneNouvelle Agro- Avena involucrata ) 3:2075.1821, Setaria Nordic Journal ofBotany Systema Vegetabilium 18.1855,FrankLamson 11(3):308-316.Sep Chaetobromus Synopsis Plantarum Florae AfricaeAus- Chaetochloa viridis 449.1836, P. Beauv. 344-345.1841 18:57-77.1998 Nordic Journal Genome chloe, chloa Pentameris fl Flora Cap- orets with Mantissa Schrad.; Genome 1:344- (Nees) subsp. Florae (Dan- fl South ores- Göt- 33: 51, 455 2: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Tanzania. C. taylori 569-593. 2003. tributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Tanzania. See C. pilosa Species Tropical East Africa 3646. 1967, laneous notesonsoutheast Asian Gramineae:9. Mesoamericana die Botanik tracted in blades, liguleanunfringedmembrane,plantsbisexual, con- neae, annual,herbaceous,auriclesabsent,narrow linearleaf About 1-2species,Mediterranean.Pooideae,Poodae, Ave- pogon From theGreek Chaetopogon Janchen Leipzig 1769-1810and open habitats,see lodicules, 3stamens,ovary hairy, 2stigmas,rocky places, spikelets glumeslongandawnlike, paleapresent,2glabrous or lesslanceolate,upperlemmaacuminateawned, sterile let lower glumesuppressedorsubulate, upperglumemore sessile bisexual spikelet, 2glumessubequal,bisexual spike- ters ofshortlypedicelledsterilespikelets embracing1 cylindrical spiciformin nous, leafsheathshairy, narrow leafblades,plantsbisexual, geniculately-ascending, auriclesabsent,ligulemembra- iceae, annual,herbaceous,slender, looselytufted,erect, About 2species, Tanzania. Panicoideae, Panicodae, Pan- pasture grass.” Greek Chaetopoa C.E.Hubb. Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. United StatesDepartmentof Agriculture 456 (Poaceae: Paniceae).” “Nomenclatural changesin Paspalidium 37(1-2): 37-151.1999, see nous, 3stamens,ovary glabrous,2stigmas,sandyplaces, rounded andacute,paleanerveless, 2lodiculesmembra- unequal andlongerthan extension andshortlypedicellate,2membranousglumes Schreb. Flora Berolinensis Prodromus “abeard.” chaite W.D.Clayton fl C.E.Hubbard orescence paniculate,spikelets without rachilla 1799(2):313.1800andErwin Janchen(1882- .” .” “bristle,mane,crest,foliage”and Kew Bulletin Kew Bulletin Blumea 6:359-363.1994,J.F. Veldkamp, “Miscel- chaite Beschreibung derGräser 451-898.1982. Sida 39:373-384.1994,R.D. Webster, “bristle,mane,crest,foliage”and fl Sida Hooker‘s IconesPlantarum fl orescence bearingdeciduousclus- 22(3):156,158.1920, oret, lower glumeawned, lemma 32(4):579-581.1977, 16:439-446.1995, 32(3):579.1978. 18(4):1037-1047.1999, = = Setaria Chaeturus Anthephora 200.1787, and 4:38-39.1897and 2:105,t.44. Paspalidium Link Darwiniana Journal für Setaria

poa Flora of “grass, 37:t. Flora Con- and 46: 74: 14.1947, für Systematik,P Icones Plantarum C. minimum Species Bulletin gique 60. 1957, t. 3.1820, (Hochst.) C.E.Hubb., see sandy soil,grassyplains,type depressions andbushland, shallow soil,amongrocks,dry and lodiculespresent,3stamens,ovary glabrous,2stigmas, obscure orabsent,upperglumeacuminatetoawned, palea spikelets solitary, 1or2glumesperspikelet, lower glume tium majusculum microchaetum Botanique deFrance: Mémoires macrochaetum majusculum curved. Northeast Africa. Perennial,denselytufted,small,spikes (Hochst.) Pilg.) in blades, ligulesfringed,plantsbisexual, slenderandrecurved nial, herbaceous,denselytufted,narrow andrigidleaf Chaetostichium minimum One species, Africa. Chloridoideae,Eragrostideae,type “rank.” Chaetostichium C.E.Hubb. Greek Trin. Gandoger (1850-1926), p 1970), scalia C. creticus Species ser. 2 C. fasciculatus abilis, Beihefte Creta. See Coustur. &Gand.) Mediterranean, Spain.See Polypogon fasciculatus [1800], Novarum Regni Vegetabilis, Beihefte fl fl anzen orescence spicate,spikes usually 63:153-205.1990. 38:1285.1968, 15:119-124.1988, Die europäischen Gattungen derFarn-und Blüten- chaite 50:601-604.1995. Syn. Pl. … (edition2)33.Leipzigund Wien 1913,M. Bulletin duJardin BotaniqueNationaldeBel- (Coustur. &Gand.)Hayek( Flora Repertorium SpecierumNovarum Regni Veget- C.E.Hubb.; “bristle,mane,crest,foliage”and Webbia (Hochst.)C.E.Hubbard( Chiov.; 30(3):335.1932. Link(Hayek)( Chiov.; 1:80.1805and fl 38:332.1855and (C.E.Hubb.) Cufod.; 34:t.3341.1937, anzengeschichte undP 8:107-108.1951, Kew Bulletin (Link)Pers.) Lepturus minimus Flora cretica Boletim daSociedadeBroteriana, Fundamenta Agrostographiae (Hochst.)C.E.Hubbard,peren- Chaetostichium minimum Chaetostichium minimum Flora Atlantica Chaeturus fasciculatus 8(d):222.1912, Chaetostichium minimum 30:467-470.1975, Repertorium Specierum Botanische Jahrbücher Chaetopoa C.E.Hubb. = 30(3):335.1932. Bulletin delaSociété . Parisiis 1916, Oropetium minimum fl Kew Bulletin Oropetium Chaeturus creticus exuous orcoiled, fl Hochst.; anzengeographie Chaetostichium 1:66.1798 Hooker‘s Orope- stichos 1957:

Laga- Link; var. var. Kew 98, Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Farn-und Blütenp éd. 8 Conspectus Regni Vegetabilis Labiatae), Chaeturus 2003. from theUnited StatesNationalHerbarium (Gramineae).” United StatesNationalHerbarium and 188. 1820, Chaiturus reed, cane.” Arundinella 768-774. 1994,J.F. Veldkamp, “Namechanges in trobaileya tarum Panicoideae, Andropogoneae, Sorghinae, see sheath, acover.” States NationalHerbarium Greek Adans. Chamaecalamus Meyen 378. 1994, Genetics ingrad) Genetics see Panicoideae, Arundinelleae, Chalynochlamys Franch. Greek Chalcoelytrum Lunell mus Pooideae, Poodae, Aveneae, see Greek Chaeturus Link México Flora Mesoamericana 67. 1798[1800], Pooideae, Poeae, Agrostidinae, see tropidos From theGreek Chaetotropis Kunth Chaetotropis Kunth Raddi 200.1787, American MidlandNaturalist 2:681.1889and 2:1045.1753, chamai chaite chalkeios 75:1783-1786.1990, “keel, thekeel ofavessel.” 5: 1-466.1999, 25:140-143.1990, 20:205-206.1985, 5(3):503-533.1999, Die Natürlichen P Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGarden Willd.(Lamiaceae) Hostex Saint-Lager(Lamiaceae, “bristle,crest,foliage”and Chaeturus , “ontheground,low, dwarf” and Blumea Journal fürdieBotanik Deyeuxia “ofcopper, ofbronze” and chaite Révision desGraminées ﬂ anzen = 6: 241-242.1994, 41:407-411.1996, Fundamenta Agrostographiae “bristle,crest,foliage”and Chaetopogon Die europäischen Gattungen der Rchb. (Lamiaceae), (edition 2)33.1913. Contributions from theUnited = , 48:583-588.2003. Flora Mesoamericana ﬂ = Helictotrichon 116.1828, Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow&Len- Polypogon anzenfamilien = Flora Berolinensis Prodro- Chrysopogon Journal ofCytology and = Journal ofCytology and Contributions from the 46:159-161.2003. Calamagrostis Flora Atlantica Arundinella 4:212.1915, 1799(2):313.1800, Las Gramíneas de Janchen, Étude desFleurs, oura 1:72.1829and Desf. 2(2):28.1887 46:111-113. Contributions Species Plan- “atail.” , kalamos elytron Tripogon Trin. Agrostis

6:377- 1:66- 81(4):

tropis, 187- Aus- “a “a , Davies ( 1903, Alfred JamesEwart (1872-1937)andOlive Blanche “a 299. 1825and 193-194. 1810, areas, coastalgrassland,type a stoutbristle,2glumesunequal,opensandyplaces, of asinglespikelet withpungentcallusandsubtendedby reduced racemesin2oppositerows, eachracemecomposed 31, 530.1763, Pooideae, Poeae, Agrostidinae, see Greek Chamaedactylis T.F.L.Nees plants bisexual, in absent, narrow leafblades,liguleanunfringedmembrane, perennial, herbaceous,tufted,solidinternodes,auricles One species, Australia. Panicoideae, Panicodae, Paniceae, dos Greek Chamaeraphis R.Br. Br., seeRobertBrown, 191-227. 2003. tributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Leop.-Carol. Nat.Cur. 6,4(3-4): 365.1841, siques etNaturelles. SecondePartie: SciencesNaturelles Pétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. SciencesMathématiques,Phy- Mémoires del‘AcadémieImpérialedesSciencesSaint Reise umdieErde C. Species 395. 1992. 322 (28-29).1987, 2. Melbourne1917, 5 2:t.3140.1930, Australia. Setosa erecta Botanical Garden of Karachi,DepartmentBotany], of the Angiosperms ofPakistan 39: 72-77.1991,S.KhatoonandS.I. Ali, 1960, Grasses ofBurma,Ceylon, IndiaandPakistan descriptionibus illustrata…Bonnae[1833-]1835-1860and 1820, Chloridoideae, see Trin.

hordeacea fi “aneedle.” nger.” Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. Genera PlantarumFlorae Germanicae chamai chamai fl . 1917), R.Br. ( “ontheground,dwarf” and Ewart &Cookson) “ontheground,low, dwarf” with Tentamen Florae Germanicae Annales desSciencesNaturelles (Paris) Lexicon Generum Phanerogamarum 81(4):784-791.1994. The Fundamenta Agrostographiae fl 1:456.1834, Icones Plantarum[Hooker‘s] The Australian Paniceae (Poaceae) Vascular PlantFamilies andGenera orescence denselyspicate,imbricate Panicum hordeaceum Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Phys.-Med. Acad. Nova Acta fl 19(Suppl.1):156.1843and Prodromus ora oftheNorthernterritory = Chamaeraphis 1966:25.1966, . Karachi1993[University Setosa fl Familles desPlantes orae Novae Hollandiae Annals oftheMissouri = Gramineae Ewart Aeluropus Chromosome Atlas (R.Br.) Raspail; rhaphis

hordeacea 1:34.1788, iconibus et 24.1841, 143,t.12. Fitologija Edn.Ser. 379-381. , daktylos rhaphi- 33,pl.

115. Con- 48: 457 R. 1- 5: 2: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC perennial orannual,caespitose orclumpforming,glabrous, About 6species,South America. Pooideae,Poeae,Brizinae, cover.” From theGreek Chondrachyrum Chascolytrum Desv. tracted paniclecapitate,paperyspikelets, both dinelleae, annual,ligulemembranous,plantsbisexual, con- One species,India.Panicoideae, Panicodae, or Arun- Sreek. Chandrasekharania V.J. Nair, V.S. Ramach.& Greek Chamagrostis Borkh. Orthographic variant Chamaerhaphis Sprengel 458 plantarum Werthemensis hard Christoph Wibel (1775-1813), iniferarum 1806), Plantes Pooideae, Poeae,Miliinae,or Aveneae, see Nord Bulletin delaSociétéd‘Histoire Naturelle del‘Afriquedu 31: 17.1824and 1820, d‘Angers 8, f.4.1812, 1127. 1803, Herbarium 243. 2000, bilobed, 2lodicules membranous withashortstraightawn, paleawinglessand bisexual, 2glumesunequal andshortlyawned, lemmas Southern India.Lemmabidentateandshortawned. C. keralensis Species glabrous, 2stigmas,type keralensis & Pal., “Additional localityfor Acad. Sci.(PlantSci.) new genusofPoaceaefromKerala, India.” achandran andP.V. Sreekumar, “ J. Nair, Ramachandran, Sreekumar, see V.J. Nair, V.S. Ram- 32:220.1941, Dictionnaire desSciencesNaturelles. chamai Tentamen dispositionisplantarumGermaniaesem- 2:495.1763,MorizBalthasarBorkhausen(1760- 45.1818, .” .” 1:76.1830. 48:450.2003. … 43.Darmstadt1792, August Wilhelm Eber- Contributions from the UnitedStatesNational J. Econ. Tax. Bot. Essai d‘uneNouvelle Agrostographie Nair, Ramachandran&Sreekumar 126.Ienae[Jena]1799, “dwarf” plus Observations surlesPlantesdesEnvirons chasko Boll. Soc.Bot.Ital. Nees Preslia fl 91:79-82.1982,Uniyal,B.P. &D.C. Fundamenta Agrostographiae eshy andglabrous,3stamens,ovary Chamaeraphis “togape” and Chandrasekharania keralensis = 46(2):168.1974, = Agrostis Briza 4(3):950.1983. Mibora Chandrasekharania L., . R.Br., see Chandrasekharania elytron English Botany 1925:151.1925, Primitiae Florae Adans. second edition Familles des Proc. Indian Taxon “asheath,a 167,pl. Genera 49(2): fl 135. orets 16: . A V. odi; cana do RioGrande doSul Boletim doInstitutodeBiociências,Universidade Federal géneros sudamericosa subaristata Südamerika: stachya C. erectum Species 2003. United StatesNationalHerbarium Lagascalia Bothalia enia 84(7-8): 541.1973,O.Matthei,“Der nomia y Veterinaria 3(2): 1194-1195.1883and in leaves, cleistogamous spikelets, purplishorgreencompact and smooth,sheathlooseroughgreen leaves nonauriculate,basalsheathspersistent,ligulehyaline aristatum age, fruitventrally compressed,type ovary glabrousandwithoutaconspicuousapicalappend- nerve shortlyaristate,paleawingedwithglabrouswings, and mucronateorshortlyawned, upperlemmaswithamid- narrowly obovate, upperglumeelliptic,lemmasimbricate airy headsonstems,glumesgreenorpurplish,lower glume Steud.; (Gramineae)” Plantarum Glumacearum [1816], 190. 1810, Sciences, publiéparlaSociétéPhilomatiquedeParis Plantarum C. lamarckianum Herb. (Poaceae, Poeae)], [N.D. Bayón,Cladisticanalysisofthe clopédique etMéthodique…Botanique South America. Perennial,goodforage,see Wallr.) stachya (Lam.) Desv.; Flora Brasiliensis Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda Plantarum OmniumHucusqueCognitarum Spreng. ex Kunth, nom.illeg., non Steud.; quiae Haenkeanae Hortus Regius BotanicusBerolinensis d‘une Nouvelle Agrostographie fl orescence lineartoovate, smallcurledspikelets insmall 1:73-78.1977, Briza lamarckiana 24(8):334.1927. 6: 229.1994, Festuca brizoides Calotheca brizoidea (J.Presl)Steud.; J.Presl; A Natural SystemofBotany 27:75-82.1997, (Lam.)Desv., oftenin 1:66-67,70-71.1753, 21(1):235-240.1999, Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarum var. var. (Lam.)Desv. ( Briza Willdenowia. Beihefte Calotheca dilatata fusca (Nees)Matthei 2(3):132.1878and 1(4-5):268,351.1830, Calotheca montevidensis , Flora Mediterranea Darwiniana 3:120.1920, Opera Botanica Parodi) Calotheca 41:1-191.1987, Nees; fi 1:288.1854, Spreng.; nes a Briza erecta Revista delaFacultad de Agro- P. Beauv.; Briza montevidensis Cladistics Briza lindmanii 86,155,t.17,f.6.1812, , 23(1):279-309.1981[Los Chamaerhaphis Sprengel

Briza Link; ( Chascolytrum Briza fusca 48:146-151,233-234. Contributions from the Festuca erecta Briza Festuca erecta 8:1-168.1975, Nouveau Bulletindes 449.1836, Feddes Repertorium 14:287-296.1998 1:157.1827, Lam.; L.(Gramineae).], Calotheca brizoides 137:1-42.1999, 1:187.1791, Chascolytrum sub- 1:225,261.1840, Calothecamacro- 5:340-345.1995, Genera Plantarum Briza Flora Mesoameri- Contr. U.S. Natl. L.,see Briza 1:373.1833, Tableau Ency- Ekman; (Parodi) Par- Briza macro- -Komplex in 1:164.1815 Spreng.ex Enumeratio Complex , Trin.ex Synopsis Poidium (Huds.) (Lam.) Species Hick- Briza Essai Reli- 2: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC triloba var. var. odi; scens triloba Panicle spreadingwithlongand Southern America, southernBrazilto Argentina, Uruguay. Chasea Nieuwl. (Kunth) Roem.&Schult.; Spreng.; Calotheca microstachya (Nees) Kunth; Steud.; de Paris Bulletin desSciences,publié parlaSociétéPhilomatique pédique etMéthodique…Botanique cultivated areas,alongroadsides, see good forage,usefulforerosion control,usuallyinmoist aguay. Perennialorannual,caespitoseclumpforming, Mexico, Chile,southernBrazilto Argentina, Uruguay, Par- Spreng.) Chascolytrum trilobum formis Presl) Steud.; C. subaristatum 77, 88.1975. Lam.; Roseng. B.R. Arrill. &Izag.; Briza stricta skapsakademien 1854 and America. See Steud.; ex Steud.)Ekman; C. scabrum 1968, mia deUniversidad delaRepublica,Montevideo America, Uruguay. See 254. 1841, ( C. parodianum Beih. 8:88.1975. nomia y Veterinaria See America, Argentina. Parodi) C. paleapiliferum 1922, Revista delaFacultad de Agronomía Facultad de Agronomía in sandy a synonimof skapsakademien 1829 and see Briza parodiana Flora Brasiliensis seuEnumeratio Plantarum beta Briza violascens Hack.; Willdenowia Willdenowia (J.Presl)Steud.; var. var. f. Briza subaristata Calotheca stricta Panicum scabrum 2:190.1810, Calotheca reniformis Nees; ﬁ pumila Arkiv förBotanikutgivetavK.Svenska Veten- Arkiv förBotanikutgivetavK.Svenska Veten- elds nearsmallstreams,oftenconsideredtobe Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum interrupta (Neesex Steud.)Matthei ( (Hook.& Arn.) Steud.; Chascolytrum lamarckianum Briza triloba Briza poiformis Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda Chascolytrum rotundatum (Roseng.,B.R. Arrill. &Izag.)Matthei 13(10):53.1913, 13(10):54,t.4,f.2.1913, Briza triloba Hack.ex Kneuck.; Roseng.,B.R. Arrill. &Izag.) (Lam.)Desv. , Beih.8:68.1975. , Beih.8:74.1975. (Parodi) Matthei( 3:124,f.2(5).1920, Chondrachyrum scabrum Hack.; Steud.; (Nees)Desv.; Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarum

Boletin delaFacultad de Agrono- y Veterinaria var. var. Hook.& Arn.; J.Presl; Trin. ex Steud.) Briza rotundata Revista delaFacultad de Agro- var. var. Calotheca rotundata (Spreng.)Kuntze; var. var. J.Presl; interrupta Briza triloba Brizatriloba Bromus rotundatus alpha

ﬂ ( exuous branches,occurs Briza microstachya grandi 1:187.1791, Willdenowia Briza triloba Calotheca poiformis 3:127,f.2(1).1920, Festuca commersonii

Nees; Calotheca rotundata y Veterinaria Briza paleapilifera Briza scabra (Hack.ex Stuck.) Tableau Encyclo- Briza subaristata Calotheca triloba fl (Kunth) Steud.; (Kunth) Kunth; (Nees)Matthei, var. var. ora Nees; Revista dela Briza triloba Willdenowia 1:276,288. Döll; typica Briza reni- Neesex , Beih.8: 105:26. (Kunth) f. Nouveau 2:481. Kunth; 4:93. (Nees viola- Briza Briza Par- (J. 1: , tarum Glumacearum Botanicus. Editiosecunda in Mexico: lanternita,linternita 1975. of Panicum Washington [D.C.]1917, Chasea Nieuwl. 1869-1963. For the American botanistMary Agnes Chase(néeMerrill), Camus Chasechloa A. Institute portrait collection graphical dictionaryof botanistsrepresented intheHunt ical notesuponbotanists Grass Species A.S. Hitchcock),withCorneliaD.Nilesedited among herwritingsare Merrill), 1869-1963,agrostologist,plantcollector, traveler, Dedicated tothe American botanistMary Agnes Chase(née 383. 1854, Univ. Montevideo Aires raphie anische Zeitschrift fürSystematik,Floristik,P revised the ican SpeciesofPanicum (né Jennings)(1865-1935)wrote 1939, withthe American botanist Albert SpearHitchcock 1922 and“Poaceae(pars).” Omnium HucusqueCognitarum tain Beechey‘s Voyage 1: 152-153.1815[1816], y Veterinaria Frans A. Sta Frans A. the Literature ontheFloweringPlantsofMexico London 1969;IdaKaplanLangman, Short HistoryofBotanyintheUnitedStates Generum Plantarum quiae Haenkeanae 2: 482.1829, 353. 1825, 1817, Herbarium 314. 2001, Museu Paraense EmílioGoeldi,SérieBotânica American MidlandNaturalist 55, 58.1753and Panicoideae, Paniceae, Panicinae, see ture. Suppl.IV 21:146.1911, 8:97.1902, Systema Vegetabilium, editiodecimasexta 46:306-441.2003. . Washington [D.C.]1915and Manual oftheGrasses of theUnitedStates Contributions from theUnitedStatesNational Flora Brasiliensis seuEnumeratio Plantarum Flora Brasiliensis fl 3:127,128,f.2(1).1920, . Boston1962.SeeJ.H.Barnhart, eu andErik A. Mennega, . 57-60.1997. Révision desGraminées 105:22.1968, Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. 1(4-5):268.1830, Anales delMuseoNacionaldeBuenos 3(3):342.1898and = 1:283-284.1854, Revista delaFacultad de Agronomia 50.1832, . Washington [D.C.]1910,in1950 Panicum First BookofGrasses . 1:335.1965; T.W. Bossert, Tropical North American Species 1:225.1840, North Amer.Fl . 71.1972;J.Ewan, editor, Systema Vegetabilium = 2:64.1911, 2(3):134.1878, 1:374.1833, Echinolaena Grasses ofthe West Indies Willdenowia L. Enumeratio Plantarum Species Plantarum A SelectedGuideto The BotanyofCap- 1:121.1829, Taxonomic litera- 15:13-15.1910, Flora Chilena The North Amer- Bol. Fac. Agron. . 17(8):568-579. Allgemeine Bot- Synopsis Plan- . New York and Nomenclator Beih.8:79. fl 17(2):297- . New York Boletim do anzengeog- Desv. Biograph- 2:632. Index to 1:348, Revisio . 1964; Reli- Bio- (by 459 6: 1: A . Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC grasses traditionallyreferred to 5. 1921, Camus; 1966, Berolinensis Species Plantarum 912. 1928, P Madagascar. See C. egregia Species United StatesNationalHerbarium Mesoamericana Société BotaniquedeFrance Enumeratio Plantarum keeled, paleapresent,2lodiculesglabrousand and winged,lower glumeacutetoshortlyawned, lemmas in perennial, herbaceous,auriclesabsent,plantsbisexual, iceae, orPanicoideae, Paniceae, Paspalinae, annualor About 3speciesMadagascar. Panicoideae, Panicodae, Pan- 460 raceme, spikelets cuneateandpedicellate, 2-to20- Madagascar. See C. humbertiana 331. 1948[1949]. Médecine etaux Arts Botanique, Appliquée àl‘Agriculture, àlaPharmacie, àla Camus, see nolaena stamens, ovary glabrous,2stigmas,savannah, oftenin variable, plantsbisexual, in blades lineartonarrowly lanceolate,auriclesabsent,ligule erect orascending,herbaceous,hollow, rhizomatous,leaf Centotheceae, orPanicoideae, Centotheceae,perennial, About 6species,easternU.S.,Mexico. Centothecoideae, anthos Greek Morden &S.L.Hatch Chasmanthium Link 21: 452.1885. Madagascar. See madagascariensis C. madagascariensis Madagascar, SérieB,Biologie Végétal rachilla extension bearingarudimentary rets bothabove andbelow fertile ola land, woodland, moistareas,traditionallyreferredto exposed-cleistogamous orchasmogamous, semiaridshrub- brous lodicules,stamen1-3,ovary glabrous,2stigmas, unequal, lemmasacuteandpapery, paleagibbous,2gla- fl fl anzengeschichte undP orescence spicate,spikelets solitary, 2glumessubequal , type “ Southw. Nat. chasma, chasmatos , type Panicum egregium fl Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance ower.” (Mez) A. Camus( Chasmanthium gracile Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance 1:159.1827and Species Plantarum Chasechloa madagascariensis A. Camus A. 6:302.1994, Baker) Journal oftheLinneanSociety, Botany Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik, Mémoires del‘InstitutScienti 1:71.1753, 11(4):415-455.1966[Revision of 1:75.1813, (Baker) A. Camus( 2:127.1829and fl = anzengeographie “open,any wideopening” and Mez) Gouldochloa Southw. Nat. fl 95:330-331.1949, Echinolaena boiviniana Uniola orescence apanicleor 1:55.1753, fl Hortus Regius Botanicus Contributions from the 46:224-225.2003. orets, 2glumesequalor (Michaux)Link,see Flora Brasiliensis seu , II. 5:203-204.1955. fl oret, reduced Valdés-Reyna, Chasmanthium 11(2):145-189. 56(Beibl.125): Bulletin dela Echinolaena (Baker) A. Journal de fl fl fi owered, eshy, 3 que de Flora Echi- Uni- 75: 95: fl A. o- ], Holcus laxus C. in Mexico: canastillade hojaancha northern seaoats,spanglegrass,river oats in English:Indianwoodoats, broadleafuniola,wildoats, North America, U.S.Perennial,see C. f. 1-5.1986, uni 1803 and lands, pondside,see tolerant ofdroughtandsalt,foundinwetwoods, bottom- sometimes usedingardens andlandscapes,onceestablished life, decorative foliage,ornamentalandattractive, forage, seed heads,subequal ovate andlaterallycompressed,noddingclustersofoatlike a ciliatemembrane,paniclesopenorcontracted,spikelets U.S. Perennial,clumpforming,archingordrooping,ligules America, Mexico. See Morden &S.L.Hatch) Wipff &S.D.Jones( C. curvifolium Species 159. 2003. tions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Systematic Botany 1047-1048. 1753, Britton, Sterns&Poggenb.; Missouri Bot.Gard. Southwestern Naturalist York Growing SpontaneouslywithinOneHundred MilesofNew Catalogue of Anthophyta andPteridophytaReportedas Americae Septentrionalis;or, … Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique thorhyncha C. rass, smallriver oats in English:slenderwoodoats, spike uniola,slenderspikeg- ex Steud.; C. in English:shiny woodoats, shiny spikegrass, spanglegrass. 448, 453-454.1966. Yates; thorhynchum and Georgia 75, 181.1812, U.S. Perennial,see Beauv.;

laxum nitidum latifolium ornithorhynchum ﬂ ora 69.1888and Uniola ornithorhyncha Benke; Uniola nitida (L.) Yates ( The SouthwesternNaturalist (Baldwin) Yates ( Steud.; Chasmanthium ornithorhynchum 1(2):167.1816and Nees; L.; (Michx.) Yates ( Phytologia

A Sketch oftheBotanySouth-Carolina Uniola virgata (Valdés-Reyna, Morden&S.L.Hatch) Uniola gracilis 11(1):112-118,f.1-5.1986, Flora Boreali-Americana Uniola ornithoryncha Rhodora Chasmanthium ornithorhynchum 77:601.1990. Essai d‘uneNouvelle Agrostographie Gouldochloa curvifolia Chasmanthium gracile (Steud.) Yates ( Baldw.) ﬂ Flora Boreali-Americana orets, seedsafoodsourceforwild- Systematic Botany 69(6):469.1990[1991]. 11(4):433,440,f.6.1966, Uniola sessili 31(368):148-149.1929, Uniola intermedia (Nees)Steud.; Uniola latifolia Bartramex Pursh) Michx.; Southw. Naturalist 1: 82.1814, Chasechloa A.Camus Species Plantarum 8:185.1808, Chasmanthium orni- 11(4):416.1966. ﬂ (Nees)Steud.) 11(1):112-118, Uniola laxa ora (Michx.)Link; Valdés-Reyna, 1:71.1803, (Nees)H.O. Poir.; Michx.) Uniola orni- Preliminary Boscex P. 1:70-71. Contribu- 46:158- Uniola 11(4): Nees Flora Ann. (L.) The 2: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC woodoats in English:longleafwoodoats, longleafuniola,slender gia the MissouriBotanicalGarden Southwestern Naturalist of the Torrey BotanicalClub 8: 185.1808, U.S. Perennial,see Poir.) (Poir.) Kunth; sessili free and lower glumeoblong-ovate and2-keeled, paleapresent,2 sessili pedicellate, lower single racemessubcylindrical, spikelets pairedsessileand broad leafblades,plantsbisexual, in coarse, branched,auriclesabsent,liguleafringeofhairs, nial orannual,herbaceous,canelike, pithy stems,robust, Andropogonodae, Andropogoneae, Rottboelliinae,peren- About 2species,westtropical Africa, Zaire.Panicoideae, small foot.” From theGreek Chasmopodium Stapf C. in English:birdbillwoodoats The SouthwesternNaturalist Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum U.S. Perennial,see Chasmopodium Stapf nah, rainforest,type mas, goodfodder, used forfencing,sometimestoxic,savan- ural HistoryDepartmentsoftheBritishMuseum G. Murray, Sénégal.” in Stapf, see nists [1804]. SeeJ.H.Barnhart, era plantarumGuineensiumrevisa etaucta degree; amongotherworks Afzelius was theauthorof Adviser, Freetown, SierraLeoneCompany, in1797medical and 1794-96collectedplantsthere,in1792 Agric. at Uppsala,traveler, helived inSierraLeone1792-93 Smith, and Thunberg, in1812professorof ical collector, pupilofLinnaeus,correspondentBanks, ish doctorandbotanist Adam Afzelius, 1750-1837,botan- C. afzelii Species 51. 1973, tologique duCongoBelge

sessili 77(6):456.1994[1995]. . 1:18.1965;Joseph Vallot, “Étudessurla fl fl orum orum fl (Hack.)Stapf(thenamecommemoratestheSwed- fl Flora of TropicalFlora Africa eshy lodicules,3stamens,ovary glabrous,2stig- Bull. Jard. Bot.Nat.Belg. orum History ofthecollectionscontained intheNat- (Poir.) J. Wipff &S.D.Jones; (Poir.) L.G.Clark; Bull. Soc.Bot.deFrance Révision desGraminées Uniola longifolia (Poir.) Yates ( chasme fl Annals ofNatural History oret male,2glumesmoreorlessequal, Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique Chasmopodium caudatum “gaping, yawning” and 11(4):426,433.1966, 1:66.1929, Biographical notesuponbota- 21(5):229-230.1894and 11(4):443,f.8.1966. Chasmanthium 77(3):601.1990, Scribn.; Chasmanthium 9:76.1917, 1:280,473.1854and 48:373-381.1978. 1:111.1829, . 29:172.Paris 1882; fl Kew Bulletin orescence axillary, Uniola sessili materia medica Poa sessili 1:284.1838,

laxum Flore Agros-

. Uppsala laxum podion Annals of . London (Hack.) Phytolo- fl Bulletin subsp. 28(1): ore du Gen- fl fl var. The ora ora “a Boronia including “DescriptionofaNew GenusofPlantscalled 5, 6,7.[Octavo, Tropical Africa. See Tropical Africa. 1930) Edited, withanintroductionbyEveline Martin.London don 1843;NicholasOwen, West Africa, SierraLeone. Annual, coarse,robust, canelike in Upper Volta: ngeloori gras, kesiowuli, ngala, ngalei, ngara, waga famese, fanebaba, gala, gbande, kala,kale,kali,kalla,ken in SierraLeone:aboboruni, awop, bomie,ethanke, fa, in Senegal: esisitè daajii, shinkaafar tsuntsuu in Nigeria:kamsuvan doki,marorehe,sansari,shinkaafar in Guinea:kali the bird in English:canegrass,wildriceofthebush, wildriceof Scramble tation ofEast Africa, 1856-1890: The Slave Trade andthe med tilhørende Bibliogra Christensen, Frederik Albert panion of Afzelius inSierraLeone)]London1798;Carl ralist FrancescoBorone,1769-1794,plantcollector, com- 1787-1861 Johnson U.I. Asiegbu, 1995; C.Bolt, São Paulo 1995;Celia Blanco, Fatumbi Verger, (1759-1828), A.E.T.F.A.T Collectors in West Africa priorto1860.” in Berlin.” wenberg, “Isotypesofwhich holotypesweredestroyed in Africa F.N. HepperandFionaNeate, actions oftheLinneanSocietyLondon 1796.” Kup, editor, “Adam Afzelius SierraLeoneJournal1795- Guide totheLiterature of Travel of Harvard University Tucker, Collectors A-D jouw andF.A. Sta any intheUniversity ofOxford Clokie, Musée botaniquedeM.BenjaminDelessert ralis Josephi Banks Jonas C.Dryander, 1904; Warren R.Dawson, . 2,10.75.1971; Anthonius JosephusMaria Leeu- Studia Ethnographica Upsaliensae Account oftheHerbariaDepartmentBot- .” (thegenus Webbia Catalogue ofthelibrary ofthe Arnold Arboretum . London1939;RobertClarke, . London1969;Reginald Coupland, . 55-68.Lisbon1962;SirJamesEdward Smith Tracts RelatingtoNatural History The Anti-Slavery Movement The Anti-Slavery . 19(2):862.1965;R.W.J. Keay, “Botanical . Regnum Vegetabile vol. 2.1954;E.M. Ewé: The UseofPlantsin Yoruba Society fi . London1796-1800; Antoine Lasègue, Catalogus bibliothecaehistorico-natu- rst edition;acollectionof12essays Flora of TropicalFlora Africa fl Boronia . 1917-1933;E.G.Cox, Slavery andthePolitics ofLiberation eu, fi The BanksLetters . Copenhagen1924-1926;Pierre Index Herbariorum Den danske BotaniksHistorie namedaftertheItaliannatu- Journal ofaSlave-Dealer . 121.Oxford1964;J.Lan- Santeria Yoruba Plant Collectors in West . Washington1935; A.P. Sierra Leone . 27.1967; Comptes Rendus . 4:221.1798; . Oxford1969; . London1958; 9:77.1917. . 1845;H.N. A Reference The Exploi- . 288,t.4, . Part II, . Caracas Trans- . Lon- 461 . . Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 23. 2003. tions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 612. 1995, Univ. WageningenPap. Repert. Biologisches Zentralblatt 1849, Quelques PlantesCritiques,Rares, ouNouvelles,… 655. 1960, Ceylon, IndiaandPakistan (excluding Bambuseae) Blumea, Supplement Novarum Regni Vegetabilis Plantae Europeae Glumacearum 1851, 371. 1763, Plantes 1753, turia I.Petropoli1728-1740, ens plantascirca ByzantiumetinOrienteobservatas 1730), Pooideae, Triticeae, Triticinae, seeJ.C.Buxbaum(1693- “grain, wheat.” Presumably fromtheGreek Chennapyrum Á.Löve chilensis Chloridoideae, Zoysieae, Sporobolinae,type upon botanists 1859, algologist,seeJ.H.Barnhart, After theFrenchbotanistFrançoisJosephChauvin,1797- Chauvinia Steudel C. caudatum 462 Spartina 471-574. 1956[Taxonomy anddistribution ofthegenus [1855] and 1829, Botanica in Nigeria:kamsuvan doki,marorehe,sansari in English:canegrass Botanical Garden Balick, M.H.Nee&D.E. Atha, the New York BotanicalGarden 1889 and 114. 1781[1782], Central Africa, Sudan.See the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Species Plantarum Flora Dalmatica Illustrationes PlantarumOrientalium Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum 95:493,495.1984, Plantarum minuscognitarum centuriae, complect- 2:36,513.1763, ], Steud.,see 3:10.1806, Flora of TropicalFlora Africa Flora Mesoamericana Feddes Repert. Flora de Veracruz Systema Vegetabilium Iowa StateCollege Journal ofScience (Hack.)Stapf( 1:354.1854, . 1:337.1965. 85:i-ix,1-246.2000, 1:128.1890and Monographiae Phanerogamarum Genera Plantarum 3:15,17.1946, Voyage Autour duMonde 94-7:1-512.1994, 3:345.1852, = Enumeratio Methodica Plantarum 2:1050-1051.1753, 101(2):206-208.1982, 91:225-228,233-234,236.1980, Taxon Beih.55:84,90,117.1929, Spartina Supplementum Plantarum Flore deFrance Rottboellia caudata chenna 114:1-16.2000, = Species Plantarum 78:509-540.1996,M.J. 6:292.1994, 41:552-583.1992, Memoirs oftheNew York 2:769.1817, Aegilops 9:76.1917. Repertorium Specierum “aquail”and Schreb. 41:195-200.2001. Synopsis Plantarum 43.1789, Biographical notes Grasses ofBurma, Contributions from Taxon 1:362.1854 4:12,21,23. L. 3:601.1856, Familles des Memoirs of Chauvinia Hack.) Notes sur Contribu- 2(2):14. Catalecta 44:611- 48:20- 1:85. 9:298. 30(4): Feddes 2:69. Agric. 653- Cen- pyros 13, Chevalierella A. Camus Chevalierella A. wörterbuch derP Zander, F. Encke, G.BuchheimandS.Seybold, graphical notesuponbotanists Fleury (1882-1919)inIndochina;seeJ.H.Barnhart, Myricacées Lac Tchad, 1902-1904.Paris 1907and de Pierre-Tranquille Husnot ophe include traveler, presidentof Acad. ScienceofFrance, hisworks any, 1905establishedBotanicalGardenatDalaba (Guinea), French Guinea,Ivory Coast),father ofapplied tropicalbot- Africa, Belgian.Congo,Cape Verde Islands.,Dahomey, Orne, d.Paris), explorer, plantcollector(inFrench West botanist Auguste JeanBaptisteChevalier, 1873-1956(b. Paris 1938, 1900, verselle Internationalede1900.Coloniesfrançaises.]Paris économique duSénégaletSoudan sances actuellessurlagéographie botaniqueetla etabile vol. 2.1954;Frans A. Sta Index Herbariorum West Africa 1969; F.N. HepperandFionaNeate, ography toFloras ofSoutheast Asia Félix, in Flore générale del‘Indo-Chine François Gagnepain(1866-1952),inPaul HenriLecomte‘s in elliptic andpseudopetiolate,tufted,leafy, plantsbisexual, perennial, smallherbaceoushabit,unarmed,leafblades About 1-2species,Zaire.Centothecoideae,Centotheceae, Pasadena 1937. Campbell White andBoyd LincolnSloane, of Harvard University Tucker, Taxonomic literature. SupplementIV bearing asmallsterile ered, spikelets solitaryandpedicellate, rachillaextension congoensis glabrous, 2stigmas,forest,shadyplaces,type awned, paleapresent,2glabrouslodicules,stamens,ovary 1933, nique appliquéeetd‘agriculture tropicale Émile Auguste Joseph De Wildeman, 1866-1947,aspecialist nanthus dewildemanii C. dewildemanii Zaire. C. congoensis Species Inst. desRecherches Agronomiques tropicales fl orescence spiciformofnumerouslooseracemes,1- . Paris 1934, Flore vivantedel’AfriqueOccidentaleFrançaise Bull. Jard. Bot.Bruxelles Catalogue ofthelibrary ofthe Arnold Arboretum Michel Adanson, voyageur, naturaliste etphilos- Taxon A. Camus,see . 18.Utrecht1971;J.LanjouwandF.A. Sta . Cherbourg 1901,withFrançois (orFrancis) L‘Afrique Centrale Française A. Camus A. 5(6):120-125.1956;ClydeF. Reed, (Vand.) Van der Veken ex Compère( Travaux bryologiques dédiésàlamémoire fl . Part II, anzennamen . Cambridge,Mass.1917-1933; Alain Vanderyst) (fortheBelgian botanist fl oret, 2glumesunequal,lemmas Revue internationaledebota- Collectors A-D . Paris 1942, . Paris 1944;HenriJacques- Dedicated totheFrench . 1:340.Boston1965;R. . 14. Au 29:400.1954, fl eu andErik A. Mennega, . Baltimore,Maryland . 89-97.1997;E.M. Plant Collectors in . [ExpositionUni- Chauvinia Steudel fl Monographie des . Stuttgart 1993; . MissionChari- The Stapelieae . Regnum Veg- 13:421-422. Nos connais- Chevalierella 8.1962. Bull. Sci. Hand- Bibli- fl fl fl Bio- Ich- ow- ore … eu, . Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC From Japanese Chikusichloa Koidzumi of theCongolese Chikusichloa Koidzumi plants bisexual, openin erect, herbaceous,ligulemembranous,leafbladeslinear, Oryzodae, Oryzeae,perennial,aquaticorterrestrial,tufted, Three species,Japan,Sumatra,China.Bambusoideae, “grass, younggrass.” 1964; Frans A. Sta of Mexico A SelectedGuidetotheLiterature ontheFloweringPlants notes uponbotanists Zaire. See Bruxelles 1901) 1895-96 dansl’ÉtatIndépendantduCongo.Fasc. 1-2. ou ÉnumérationdesPlantesrécoltéespar Alfr. Dewèvre en 40 (1).1910;É.A.J.De Wildeman, du Congo(Belge). fl “Études desystématiqueetgéographiebotaniquessurla literature minal andlax,spikelets 1- letin duJardin Botaniquedel‘État and derived from ceolate, stipewith2tiny lemmavestiges, grainsdarkbrown, callus stipeslightlycurved, glumesvestigial, lemmalan- China. Leafsheathssmooth, panicle lax,spikelets awnless, C. mutica in Japan:Iriomote-gaya in English:Iriomotegrass et Geobotanica Japan, Ryûkyû Islands. Awned, see C. brachyathera see yellowish brown, growing inwetvalleys, alongstreamsides, lemma lanceolatetonarrowly ovate, awn scabrous,grains panicle laxandpurplish,spikelets awned, glumesabsent, China, Japan. Type species,leafsheathssmoothandkeeled, C. aquatica Species Wash.Sci Acad. forest, resembles brous, 2stigmas,shadespecies,foundinmoistplaces awnless, paleapresent, 2lodicules,1stamen,ovary gla- gial, lemmamembranousstrongly5-to7-veined, awned or 1975), “Thegenus J. Fac. Sci.Univ. Tokyo Koidz., see ore duBas-etMoyen-Congo.” in Botanical Magazine Bulletin agricole duCongoBelge . 1:639-643.Utrecht1976;É.A.J.De Wildeman, . University ofPennsylvania Press,Philadelphia Keng Essai d‘uneNouvelle Agrostographie Koidz. Botanical Magazine fl oret callus,glumesusuallyabsentorvesti- 11:255.1942. . 21:526-530.1931. chiku Ohwi Leersia Botanique. fl fl Chikusichloa eu andRichardS.Cowan, ora; seeJ.H.Barnhart, . 1:450.1965;IdaKaplanLangman, “bamboo”andGreek fl 39:23.1925. 3:303.1930, Yi-Li Keng (1897- orescence paniculate,paniclester- Sw., type fl Sér. 5 owered, longslenderstipe (Tokyo) 39:23-24.1925, of Yapan andChina.” Reliquiae Dewevreanae 33:393.1963. Acta Phytotaxonomica Chikusichloa aquatica Congo-Kasai.152,t. 10:249.1919, Annales duMusée Biographical chloe, chloa Taxonomic 56.1812 Bul- J. barium 1925, 619. Leipzig1849and (Wibel) P. Beauv., see Pooideae, Poeae, Alopecurinae, type Qiongzhuea & T.P. Yi, Ohrnberger) J.R.Xue[Pinyin spellingHsueh] helm LudwigPetermann(1806-1855), les Graminées delaFlore Belgique Nouvelle Agrostographie Primitiae Florae Werthemensis Keng, Chimonobambusa Makino From theGreek Chilochloa P. Beauv. the Greek Winter bamboo,bamboo shootingoutincoldwinter, from zomes, tous orstoloniferous,rhizomesleptomorph,runningrhi- branched above, 3ormorebranchesateachnode,rhizoma- gle-stemmed orclumpforming,conspicuouslythorny, shrub-like, sometimesarborescent,erect,diffuse habit,sin- monopodial oramphipodial,perennial,woody, tallor Bambusodae, Bambuseae, Arundinariinae orShibataeinae, Indochina, India,southwestChina,Japan.Bambusoideae, About (2-6-)10/20-38species,southandeastern Asia, aerial rootspresent,plantsbisexual, in swollen, lower nodesoftenwithrootlets thorns,tubercular scabrous, the2-ridgedculmnodesusuallythorny andvery glabrous, culminternodeshollow, internodessmoothor tent, sheathbladesvery small,nosheathauricles,leaves somewhat leatheryorchartaceousanddeciduouspersis- and many- icle, racemesfascicled, spikelets terminalonthebranchlets and compound,aterminaloraxillaryracemoseleafypan- stigmas, forest,type brous withouttheapicalappendage,shortstyle,2plumose lemmas membranous,paleapresent,3stamens,ovary gla- & Yi 1914, 28(329): 153-154.1914, 7: 130,t.119.1896and Makino, see senia 1931. Washington Academy ofSciences found indampstreamsidesforest,see 4(3-4):146-151,t.37.Canton 1940, Journal ofJapanese Botany Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- 48:234,491-494.2003. fl Qiongzhuea owering culmsleafy, multiple twigs,culmsheaths fl cheimon owered, usually2glumesfrequently1ornone, Annals oftheRoyalBotanicGarden, Calcutta. Qiongzhuea Hsueh& Yi, cheilos “winter”plus Chimonobambusa marmorea (T.H. Wen &D. Species Plantarum “alip”and Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. 37,158.1812, Plantae Wilsonianae J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi, = Botanical Magazine Quiongzhuea Phleum 125.1799, Bambusa 11(1):1.1935, 21(21):527-530,f.2. = 131.1823[1824], Wil- chloe, chloa Chilochloa boehmeri Oreocalamus Deutschlands fl L. orescence diffuse Observations sur 1:59-60.1753, . Journal ofthe Essai d‘une Hsueh 2(1):64. “grass.” Technical (Mitford) 24:167. (Tokyo) Sunyat- fl

463 ora Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 96-99, pl.3,4.1980, Bamboo Research leaf bladeslanceolate,braod-leaved forest,see internode, sheathauriclesabsent, sheathliguleindistinct, with rootletsthorns,culmsheath persistentandlongerthan leaves 3-5pertwig,culmannulusconvex, lower nodesoften China, southeast Yunnan. Internodescylindrical orsquare, C. brevinoda 1948, Bulletin oftheNationalForestry Research Bureau 464 96-99, pl.2.1983, 1(2): 75-76.1979, status.” panda “An overview ofthestatusandconservation ofthered National Herbarium 452-455. 1991, busa east Asia and Africa.], D.Ohrnberger, species describedunder 48. 1986[ 45-46, pl.3,4.1983, generic geometrictransformationthatuni 1988, ences Edition 5(2): 22.1986, C. angustifolia Species 2003, of naturalandabstractshapes.” in Thailand: tut in Thailand: f. 2.1987, 5(2): 22.1986, boo Research Garden. Calcutta. lanceolate, edibleshoots,see and erect,nosheathauricles,liguletruncate,leaves shorter thaninternodeandsheddinglate,sheathbladetiny grooved, nodesthorny, sheathannulusconvex, sheath China. Culmcylindrical, internodesofbranchesridgedand lamus armatus monocalamus armatus Gamble; C. armata Bamboo Research Agricultural College spots, hills,inhardwood forests,see tubercles caducous,shootsbitter, foundnearditches,wet ile, culmsheathpapyraceous shorterthaninternode,tiny China, Guangxi,Sichuan.Glabrous,culmandbranchfrag- linearifolia . Augsberg 1990, . Augsberg Taxon Kew Bulletin Taxon Ailurus fulgens Oryx Chimonobambusa metuoensis Genera Graminum (Gamble)Hsueh& Yi ( W.D. Li&Q.X. Wu) Fl. Ind.Enumerat.-Monocot. 6(7):201-202.1957, 53(2):527.2004. 35(3):250-259.July2001,JohanGielis,“A Hsueh& W.P. Zhang 2(1):38.1983, 22(3):416.1986, (Gamble) T.H. Wen) C.D.Chu&C.S.Chao( Journal ofBambooResearch Journal NanjingUniversity. Natural Sci- Contributions from theUnitedStates 7:130,t.119.1896and 7(1):14-16,f.1.1988. 4(1):47-48,f.3.1985. 44(2):349-367.1989[Arevision ofthe Acta Botanica Yunnanica Acta Botanica Yunnanica 39:36.2000, Anwaruddin Choudhury, 1981(3):36,t.5.1981, inIndia,withreferencetoitsglobal Acta PhytotaxonomicaSinica Acta PhytotaxonomicaSinica (Gamble)R.B.Majumdar; Kew Bulletin, Additional Series Arundinaria ], Journal ofBambooResearch Annals oftheRoyalBotanic Journal ofBambooResearch Am. J. Bot. Bamboo Res. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (Gramineae)insouth- Genus Chimonobam- Arundinaria armata Journal ofNanjing Hsueh& Yi; 275.1989. Chimonobambusa fi Journal ofBam- es awiderange 90:333-338. 2(1):91-92, 5(1):42-44, 6(2):11-13, 1988(3):8. Journal of Journal of Oreoca- 8:15. 21(1): 29(5): Chi- 13: mus callosus C. callosa Chimonobambusa callosa mucronate andciliate,paleasacute,3lodicules subtended bysheathingbracts,2glumesnerved, lemmas oblong-lanceolate, branchedpanicle,nodesofthepanicle pubescent, leafsheathsglabrous,auriclessmall,leaves smooth, nodesswollen subtendedbyaring,culmsheaths when young,nodespubescentandthorny, internodes Asia, Bhutan,India.Shrubby, erect,single,smooth,striate (Munro) T.H. Wen) 1982, ica Arnold Arboretum nean SocietyofLondon clumps, inforests,deepshade,see thatching andtying,youngshootsedible,growing inopen ovary glabrous,2stigmasshortlyplumose,culmsusedfor 22(3): 416.1986, 1980, China. See Qiongzhuea communis Oreocalamus communis busa communis communis C. communis Vernacular names:kharebans,rawa, u uskong, uspar in India:kauremaling,kharebans,spar, sypar, u-spar, 1994. root-thorns, in of darkbrown tomentosebelow nodes,basalnodeswith China, Guangxi,Nanning.Sheathdenselytomentose,aring C. damingshanensis 2. 1982. ous, see dinal tomentum,sheathshorterthaninternodeanddecidu- China, Guangxi.Internodeswithyellowish brown longitu- C. convoluta C. densifolia papery awned, slopes,see base, scalythickrhizome,in culm sheathhirsute,leaves subsessileandroundedatthe thick orthinwalls, nodesprominent with2or3branches, Sri Lanka;Kerala, India.Rare,small,shrubby, gregarious, Renvoize; Munro; of theLinneanSocietyLondon mose, leaves usedasafodderforcattle,see paleas 2-keeled, 3lodicules,ovary glabrous,2stigmasplu- 2 glumesattenuate,lemmasand glumeswithanawned tip, 1(2):84.1979, Journal NanjingUniversity. Natural SciencesEdition Kew Bulletin Sinarundinaria densifolia Acta PhytotaxonomicaSinica (J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) K.M.Lan; Yushania densifolia (Munro)Nakai( Acta Botanica Yunnanica Q.H.Dai&X.L. Tao (Munro)Hsueh& Yi; (Keng f.) Wen &Ohrnb. ( (Munro)Nakai( fl (J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) Wen &D.Ohrnberger; orescence paniculateorracemose,lemmas 6(3):151.1925, Flora Guizhouensis 44:366.1989, Journal ofBambooResearch Hsueh& W.P. Zhang J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) 26(1):30.1868and (J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) Keng f.; (Munro)Makino; Bamboo Res. fl Arundinaria callosa orescence onleafybranches, (Munro)R.B.Majumdar) Chimonobambusa Makino Arundinaria densifolia Transactions oftheLin- (Munro) C.S.Chao& Edinb. J. Bot. Acta Botanica Yunnan- 26(1):32.1868and Sinobambusa callosa 5:308.1988. 2(1):96-98,pl.3. 20(2):212-213,pl. 7(3):5,t.1.1988. Chimonobambusa Chimonobam- Chimonocala- Journal ofthe Transactions fi 1(1):35. 51:327. Munro; mbriate, Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC see roots, leaves oblong-lanceolate,edibleshoots,ornamental, hair, lower internodesoftenwithrootletsthornsorspiny air blade triangular, sheathannuluswitharingofdensebrown cylindrical, sheathpapyraceous andsheddinglate,sheath China. Culmwall thick,3branchesateachnode,internode C. grandifolia 994. 1991 Vietnam. See C. fansipanensis 44(2): 354.1989. Journal ofthe Arnold Arboretum Chimonobambusa Makino 22(3): 416.1986, 1983, China. See Qiongzhuea luzhiensis Oreocalamus luzhiensis Chimonobambusa luzhiensis luzhiensis C. luzhiensis 1985. China. See C. linearifolia 1991. China. See C. leishanensis 4(1): 46-47,f.2.1985. fi undeveloped, sheathligule tiny orabsent,leaves lanceolate sheath bladenarrow triangularorabsent,sheathauricles node, sheathpapyraceous usuallylongerthaninternode, China. Shortandsparsetubercularsetae,3branchesateach C. lactistriata see node, leaves membranousoblong-lanceolateorlanceolate, spiny aerialroots,sheath papyraceous longerthaninter- blade tiny, 3branchesateachnode,nodeswithtubercles, China. Culmsquare,youngculmdenselyhairy, sheath C. hirtinoda 1981(3): 36,t.6.1981. tubercular, see China, Hejiang,Sichuan.Sheathdeciduous,internode C. hejiangensis C. macrophylla China. See Qiongzhuea macrophylla phylla 1988. macrophylla pl. 1.1985, nely pubescentbeneath,see Journal ofBambooResearch Bamboo Research in Asia Journal NanjingUniversity. Natural SciencesEdition (J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) T. H. Wen &D.Ohrnberger; (J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) T. H. Wen &D.Ohrnberger; Acta Botanica Yunnanica Journal ofBambooResearch Acta PhytotaxonomicaSinica Acta Botanica Yunnanica Acta Botanica Yunnanica f. C.S.Chao&K.M.Lan (Keng f.) Wen &Ohrnb. ( W.D. Li&Q.X. Wu W.D. Li&Q.X. Wu Hsueh& W.P. Zhang Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow&Leningrad) macrophylla Yi Wen &Ohrnb. ( C.D.Chu&C.S.Chao Journal ofNanjing Agricultural College Nguyen& Vucan Flora Guizhouensis J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) (J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) Keng f.; J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi; ) (J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) K.M.Lan; Journal ofBambooResearch 1982(1):2,f.2.1982. 6:151.1925, Chimonobambusa macro- 7(1):17-19,f.2.1988. 13(2):144-145,pl.1. 10(1):51,53,f.1,2. 5:309.1988. 5(1):45-46,pl.4. Chimonobambusa 4(1):47-48,f.3. 23(5):398-399, Kew Bulletin Qiongzhuea 76(7): fl like lanceolate,leaves glabrous,spikelets linearwith4-7 running rhizomes,leafbladesnarrowly lanceolateorband- sheaths softlymembranousandmarbledbrown andwhite, with spiny airroots,sheath persistentorsheddinglate,culm nodes prominent,internodesglabrous,oflower part round culm,smooth,purple-lined,3branchesateachnode, Asia temperate,Japan.Originunknown. Small,slender, marmorea monobambusa purpurea marmorea Chimonobambusa marmorea China. See Wen; C. maculata China. spelled (Mitford) Makino; C. marmorea Journal ofBambooResearch phylla T.P. Yi) T. H. Wen &D.Ohrnberger; ( C. marmorea in Japan:kan-chiku in English:winterbamboo,marblebamboo Journ. Yunnan For. Coll. Chimonobambusa purpurea T.P. Yi) D.Z.Li( C. marmorea 3(2): 29.1984. The BambooGarden Asia temperate. A ringofroot-thornsonbasalnodes,see stachys marmorea Mitford; 7(9): 716.1929, (Tokyo) 28(329): 154.1914, naria marmorea Magazine dles, see shoots tasty, ornamental, cultivated, usedforfurniture,han- rowly ovoid, 2featherystigmas,maybeinvasive, edible the tip,3ovate lodicules, 3stamensexserted, ovary nar- 1 ornone,lemmasovate-lanceolate, palea2-mucronateat ropäischen Flora C. macrophylla China. dia D.Z. Li) T. H. Wen &D.Ohrnberger; ( C. macrophylla Chimonobambusa macrophylla Chimonobambusa macrophylla orets, terminal J.R.Xue&D.Z.Li) Qiongzhuea maculata f. matsumarae leiboensis Chimonobambusa setiformis (Tokyo) 11:160.1897and The BambooGarden (Mitford) Asch. &Graebn.) Mitf.; Journal ofBambooResearch Wen( (Mitford)Makinovar. (Mitford)Makinovar. (Mitford)Makino( Wen &Ohrnb. f. Wen &Ohrnb. f. fl Report FujiBambooGarden 2(1):778.1902, oret usuallymale,0-3glumesfrequently (Mitford) Makino; Chimonobambusa neopurpurea Chimonobambusa marmorea (Mitford) Ascherson &Graebner) Chimonobambusa maculata J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) ; Arundinaria matsumurae Arundinaria nana Arundinaria 46:547.1894and J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi; 1982(1):36,f.2.1982. T.H. Wen) Hsueh & T.P. Yi) Bulletin del‘HerbierBoissier 7(1):31.1988. 46:547.1894, f. f. (Mitford)Nakai; intermedia leiboensis intermedia Arundinaria marmorea leiboensis Synopsis dermitteleu- Qiongzhuea interme- Botanical Magazine Bambusa marmorea purpurea T.H. Wen; marmorea Qiongzhuea macro- 5(2):22,f.5.1986, Makino; J. BambooRes. Wen &Ohrnb. Wen &Ohrnb. Phyllostachys (J.R.Xue& (J.R.Xue& Hack.,also 17:8.1972, (T.H. Wen)

(Hsueh & Makino; Botanical ( Bambusa Arundi- T.P. Yi; T.P. Phyllo- Chi- 465 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC ing nodes,see Asia temperate.Robust, aringofroot-thornsonnonbranch- 466 C. micro 4. 1983. China, Tibet.See C. metuoensis J. BambooRes. berger; opienensis C. opienensis 1987. C. montigena Qiongzhuea puberula Oreocalamus puberulus Chimonobambusa puberula puberula C. puberula 26, f.1.1990. China, Yunnan.See C. paucispinosa 1. 1982. giant panda,see sheath auriclesabsent,liguletruncate,bamboofor brown, tubercularairroots,sheathdeciduousorpersistent, China, Yunnan. Square orcylindrical internodes, yellowish C. pachystachys 22(3): 416.1986. 1980, China. See f.) 1983, China, Tibet.See tuberculata Res. used forpapermaking,shelter, fence,screen,see papyraceous andlongerthaninternode,edibleshoots,culm China, Sichuan. Aerial rootsunderbranch,sheaththinly Yi) C. neopurpurea 30, f.2.1990. China, Yunnan.See Ohrnberger; see planted ashedgeandfence,growing inhardwood forests, tip, leaves oblong-lanceolate,edibleshoots,cultivated, cous andshorterthaninternode,sheathligulewithaciliate node, somebasalnodeswithspiny aerialroots,sheathcadu- China, Yunnan. Internodecylindrical, 3branchesateach C. ningnanica 137-138. 1992. Lingnan University ScienceBulletin 8(3):22,pl.2.1989, Journal NanjingUniversity. Natural SciencesEdition Journal ofBambooResearch Oreocalamus opienensis (J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) T. H. Wen &D.Ohrnberger; fl oscula (J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) T.H. Wenb &D.Ohrn- J.R.Xue&L.Z.Gao) Acta Botanica Yunnanica (Keng f.) Wen &Ohrnb. ( Qiongzhuea montigena (Keng f.) Wen &Ohrnb. ( Ohrnb. ( Hsueh& Yi J. Yunnan Forest. Coll. 8(3):23.1989. Hsueh&L.Z.Gao( Yi ( Yi Yi Hsueh& Yi McClure Journ. Yunnan. For. Coll. Journal ofBambooResearch Journal ofBambooResearch Journal ofBambooResearch Journal ofBambooResearch Chimonobambusa purpurea J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) Chimonobambusa montigena (J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) Keng f.; Acta Botanica Yunnanica (J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) K.M.Lan; (J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) Keng Yi) 6(2):11-15,f.2,3. 1982(1):36.1982, 2(1):98-99,pl.4. Chimonobambusa 9:17.1940. Chimonobambusa Chimonobambusa 1982(1):33,f. 2(1):34,t. J. Bamboo 2(1):38. Hsueh& 9(3):24- 9(3):28- 14(2): (Yi) quadrangularis laris China. See Wen Chimonobambusa angulata China. See Qiongzhuea rigidula Oreocalamus rigidulus rigidula C. rigidula C. quadrangularis on thebud canal),tatejima-hou-chiku,suow-shikaku dake shikaku-dake, kimmei-hou-chiku(withgreenoblongstripes in Japan:shiho-chiku,shi-hou-chiku,shihou-chikuzoku, stemmed bamboo in English:squarebamboo,square-stemsquare- Research 10. 1972, any Kyô-iku] (Tokyo) 28(329):153-154.1914, stick, see cious, cultivated, naturalized,ornamental,usedaswalking spreading anddrooping,culmsurface rough,shootdeli- the apex, leaves lanceolateornarrowly lanceolate,branches spiny rootlets,culmsheath triangular, leafsheathbristlyat ning rhizomes,branchnodesswollen, lowest nodeswith walled but fragil,internodesquadrangular, extensively run- bamboo, solitaryculms,well-spaced,darkgreen,thick- Asia temperate,China,Sichuan,Guangxi, Taiwan. Diffuse (Franceschi) Nakai) (Munro) Nakai; ceous, nosheathauriclesand cilia,sheathligulearcuate, China. Greenishpurplish,sheath persistentandpapyra- C. setiformis 1989. China. See C. rivularis tion 2. 1983, (Franceschi) Makino; Society, Botany Magazine angulata China. See C. pubescens C. quadrangularis 22(3): 416.1986, Journal NanjingUniversity. Natural Sciences Edition China. See 9(2):86,88-90.1933, 22(3):416.1986. (Franceschi)Rendle; (J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) T. H. Wen &D.Ohrnberger; Journal NanjingUniversity. Natural SciencesEdi- 15(16):67. Tokyo 1932, (Munro)Porterf.; 10(1):17-18.1991. (Tokyo) 9:71.1895and Cuscatlania Arboretum Amazonicum Acta Botanica Yunnanica (Keng f.) Wen &Ohrnb. ( Journal ofBambooResearch Journal ofBambooResearch Acta PhytotaxonomicaSinica Journal ofBambooResearch Yi Wen Wen (Fenzi)Makino; 36(254):443.1904, Flora Guizhouensis (Franceschi)Makinof. Tetragonocalamus quadrangularis (Franceschi)Makino( J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) Bambusa quadrangularis 1(6):1-29.1991, (J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi) Keng f.; Report FujiBambooGarden K.M.Nakai; Tetragonocalamus angulatus Arundinaria quadrangularis Chimonobambusa Makino Phyllostachys quadrangu- Journal ofJapanese Bot- Science Education[Rika 5:401.1880, Journal oftheLinnean 5(1):42-44,f.3.1983, 5:308.1988. Botanical Magazine Journal ofBamboo Chimonobambusa Chimonobambusa 8(1):24.1989. 5(2):20.1986. 8(3):18-21,f.1. 21(1):96-99,pl. purpureiculma Arundinaria Franceschi; Botanical 17: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC yatsenia losa China. See verruculosa C. szechuanensis National Forestry Research Bureau giant panda,see ets, shootedible,culmusedforpapermaking,aplant sheath caducousandshorterthaninternode,formingthick- culm square,several nodeswithspiny aerial roots,culm China, Sichuan.Glabrous,middleandlower portionof f.) nensis C. szechuanensis Research leaves narrowly lanceolateglabrous,see Chimonocalamus Hsueh& Yi C. verruculosa 1948. Bulletin oftheNationalForestry Research Bureau boo, see green, 3branchesoneachnodes,edibleshoot,timberbam- culm smoothandglabrous,sheathpapery, sheathligule China, Sichuan,Guizhou.Internodecylindrical orsquare, armata C. tuberculata 1982(1): 40,f.3.1982. for makingsmokingpipes,see China, Sichuan.Culmzigzagandabnormallyswollen, used Xue &C.Li) T.H. Wen &D.Ohrnberger) C. Li( of BambooResearch lar andlongerthaninternode,leaves lanceolate,see spiny tubercularaerialroots, caducoussheathlongtriangu- pubescent, 3ormorebranchesateachnode,nodes4-12 China, Yunnan. Culmcylindrical, youngculmdensely Chimonobambusa ningnanica C. yunnanensis 65-67, pl.2.1988. C. utilis 1990. China. See Qiongzhuea unifolia C. unifolia 527. 2004. tumidinoda C. tumidissinoda Research Journal ofBambooResearch China. See tumidinoda (T.P. Yi) T. H. Wen &D.Ohrnberger; Rendle; f. Chimonobambusa szechuanensis (Keng) Keng f.( 4(3-4):147-148.1940, Sunyatsenia 3(2):29,t.5.1984. 6(2):11-15,f.2,3.1987. tuberculata Wen( Acta Botanica Yunnanica Hsueh& Yi) Journal ofBambooResearch T.P. Yi) T.P. Bulletin ofBotanicalResearch (J.R. Xue& T.P. Yi) T.H. Wen; Wen &Ohrnb. ( Oreocalamus szechuanensis Hsueh&L.Z.Gao( Hsueh& W.P. Zhang Plantae Wilsonianae Hsueh& Yi ex Ohrnb. ( Chimonobambusa unifolia (Rendle)Keng f.var. (Rendle)Keng f.( Yi) 4(3-4):148-151,t.37.1940, 2(1):38.1983, (J.R.Xue&L.Z.Gao) T.H. Wen; Oreocalamus utilis 10(1):17.1991, J.R.Xue&L.Z.Gao) Chimonobambusa verrucu- Technical Bulletinofthe Journ. Yunn. For. Coll. 8:15.1948. 2(1):93,pl.1-2.1980, Arundinaria szechua- 2(1):64.1914, Journal ofBamboo Journal ofBamboo Chimonobambusa f. fl Chimonobambusa 9(1):27-29,f.1. exuosa (Rendle)Keng (Harbin)8(4): (Yi) T.H. Wen; fl Keng) exuosa Taxon Qiongzhuea Qiongzhuea Hsueh& Technical Journal 8:15. (J.R. 53(2): Sun- Sinarundinaria in caducous longerthaninternodes,sheathliguledeveloped, 3 ormorebranches,jointofbranchesswollen, culmsheaths sympodial, rhizomesshort-necked, thorny, clump-forming, seae, Thamnocalaminae, erect, shrubbyorarborescent, About 16species,China,India,Bhutan,Myanmar. Bambu- “a reed,cane.” From theGreek Chimonocalamus Chimonocalamus Hsueh& Yi C. delicatus Local names:kharebans, maling,u,rawa 327. 1994. 1979, Arnold Arboretum culm annulus China, Yunnan. Internodesquare,sometimescylindrical, busa callosa London Bhutan, India.See Wen) Munro; Burma. See burmaensis rundinaria burmaensis calamus burmaensis C. burmaensis World Checklist ofSeedPlants China. See bicorniculata C. callosus ica Yunnanica C. bicorniculatus Species the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Bamboo Research burgh Journal ofBotany South China Agricultural University 92. 1979, Botany often containingafragrantoil,see construction andweaving, edibleshoots,cavity ofculms plumose, mountains,subtropicalregions, usedforhouse 2-keeled, 3lodicules,stamens,ovary glabrous,2stigmas ering branches,2glumes,lemmasslightlyawned, paleas Research evergreen hardwood forests, see middle culmwithspiny aerialroots,nosheathauricles,in fl orescence semelauctantshortlypaniculateonleafy J. Bamb. Res. 11(1):1.1935, 26(1):30.1868and Arundinaria far 7(1):19-21,f.3.1988. Kew Bulletin C.S.Chao&Renvoize) Acta Phytotax.Sin. (Munro)Hsueh& Yi ( Kew Bulletin Hsueh& Yi (Munro)Nakai; (S.F. Li&Z.P. Wang) Govaerts) 16(1):40.1994. (C.S.Chao&Renvoize) D.Z.Li( fl cheimon, cheimonos at, sheathbladetriangular, nodesbelow 13(4):1-3,f.1.1994, S.F. Li&Z.P. Wang ( 6:151.1925, Nakai Transactions oftheLinneanSociety (C.S.Chao&Renvoize) Ohrnb.; 1(1):35.1982, J.R.Xue& T.P. Yi, Acta Botanica Yunnanica 44(2):349-367.1989, Brandisex Camus; 51(2):284,290.1994, 43(3):409,f.1.1988, C.S.Chao; Sinobambusa callosa Indian Trees 33(6):614-615,f.1.1995, 3(1):21.1999. Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10(2):45.1989, “winter”and Journal ofBamboo Edinb. J. Bot. Journal ofJapanese Arundinaria callosa 39:112-113.2000. = Contributions from Sinarundinaria Semiarundinaria 721.1906, Chimonobam-

Acta Botan- Journal of Journal of Chimono- 1(2):84. 1(2): 74- (Munro) kalamos 51(3): Edin- Sina- fl ow- 467 J. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC C. dumosus in China:xiaoxiangzhu C. cous, greenbranches,see China. Aerial rootsdenselyclustered,sheathblades cadu- bushy, see ligule rustyhairy, 3-7leaves oneachtwig,edibleshoots, papery, sheathbladeerect,auriclesabsent, smooth, culmauriclesconvex, manifoldbranching,sheath China, Yunnan. Young culmgraypruinose,sheathannulus C. dumosus in China:xiangzhu C. longiusculus Acta Botanica Yunnanica Survey ofIndia,Flora ofIndia,Series4,276.Calcutta1989, shoots, see ceolate, nosheathauricles,liguledenticulate,edible annulus convex, sheathbladelanceolateorlinear-lan- China. Sheathcoriaceousbut fragileandeasytobreak,culm 468 C. grif Kew Bulletin 1896 and Burma. See rundinaria gallatlyi Gamble; C. gallatlyi in China:liusuxiangzhu 1(2): 78-79,f.3.1979. Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae, Bambusoideae Burma sheath ligule aerial spiny rootsdensely clustered,sheathcoriaceous,culm China, Yunnan, Kengma. Young culmsparselytomentose, India. See naria longispiculata C. longispiculatus 1. 1985. ispiculatus twig, edibleshoots,see ceous andcaducous,sheathbladeerect,2-6leaves oneach convex, aerial spiny rootsclosely arranged,sheathcoria- China, Yunnan, Luchun. Culmannulusandsheath C. longiligulatus in China:geshixiangzhu nanica and Burma, India,China.See Renvoize) fi Nakai; thiana fi J. ArnoldArboretum mbriatus 2:10.Calcutta1945, fi 1(2): 83-84.1979, Sinarundinaria grif Munro; thianus Chimonobambusa gallatlyi Bull. Misc.Inf., Kew (C.S.Chao&Renvoize) D.Z.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. Kew Bulletin (Gamble)Hsueh& Yi ( Acta Bot. Yunnan. Hsueh& Yi var. Hsueh& Yi Ann. Roy. Bot.Gard. Calcutta 44(2):354.1989. fi Hsueh& Yi mbriate, edibleshoot,see (Munro)Hsueh& Yi ( Hsueh& Yi Hsueh& Yi Chimonobambusa grif R.B.Majumdar( (Gamble)C.S.Chao&Renvoize) C.S.Chao&Renvoize) 43(3):411.1988, Acta Phytotax.Sin. 6:151.1925, 16(1):41.1994. Acta Bot. Yunnan. Trans. Linn.Soc. Kew Bulletin fi thiana 1(2):81-82,f.7.1979. J. Bamb. Res. 1(2):77-78,f.1.1979. pygmaeus 47. 1928, (Munro)C.S.Chao& Chimonocalamus long- (Gamble)Rhind; Arundinaria gallatlyi Acta Botanica Yun- 44(2):353.1989. Hsueh& Yi Acta Bot. Yunnan. Arundinaria grif- fi thiana 26(1):20.1868 2(1):38.1983, The Grasses of 1(2):82.1979. Florae Indicae 7:23,pl.21. 23(3):236,f. Botanical Sinarundi- (Munro) Sina- in China:xizangxiangzhu f. 8.1979. broad-leaved forests,see and triangular, 3-7leaves oneachtwig,foundgrowing in sheath auriclesconvex andpurplish,sheathligulepurplish broadly lanceolate,culmsheathbladetwistedwhendry, young culmsilky pubescent, sheathpersistent,blade China, Tibet. Aromatic bamboo,2-9branchesoneach node, C. tortuosus in China:huizhu perennial, rarelyannual,woody pogonodae, Maydeae,or Andropogoneae, Chionachninae, region, Indochina,eastern Australia. Panicoideae, Andro- About 7species,Southeast Asia, Polynesia,Indomalayan the fruitsortonatureof the spikelet. Greek Chionachne R.Br. late, see sheath bladeribbon-like lanceolate,sheathliguledenticu- ish greenpowder, aerial rootspresent,sheathcoriaceous, China, Yunnan, Yuanyang. Young culmwithgrayishtogray- C. pallens in China:shanxiangzhu Bot. Yunnan. ceolate withwavy base,2-4leaves oneachtwig,see roots expanding above branches,sheathbladeslenderlan- China, Yunnan, Tengchong. Smooth,glabrous,spiny air C. montanus in China:maguanxiangzhu 5. 1979. blade erect,edibleshoot,see each node,yellow-striped culmsheathcaducous, cent, airrootsateachnodeofbranches,3-4branches China, Yunnan, Maguan. Young culmsdenselysilky pubes- C. makuanensis 43(3): 411,f.2.1988. India. See longispiculata ispiculatus (C.S. Chao&Renvoize) D.Z.Li; C. lushaiensis in China:changjexiangzhu nan. wood usedinruralconstruction,bushy, see small orabsent,leaves linear, shootsedible,hardandtough shedding late,sheathbladelinearanderect,auricles spiny airroots,4-5branchesateachnode,sheathcoriaceous China, Yunnan. Thick-walled, internodessolid,thickand 1(2):80-81,f.6.1979. chion Acta Bot. Yunnan. Hsueh& Yi Acta Bot. Yunnan. (C.S.Chao&Renvoize) Ohrnb.; “snow” and Hsueh& Yi Hsueh& Yi 1(2): 79,f.4.1979. C.S.Chao&Renvoize) Ohrnb. ( Hsueh& Yi = Acta Botanica Yunnanica Chimonocalamus longispiculatus achne 1(2):79,f.2.1979. Sclerachne 16(1):41.1994, Acta Bot. Yunnan. and persistentor “chaff, glume,” alludingto Chimonocalamus long- Chionachne R.Br. R.Br. Sinarundinaria Acta Bot. Yun- Kew Bulletin herba 1(2):80,f. 1(2):82, ceous, Acta Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC (Roxb.) Aitch.; C. gigantea in English:canegrass,river grass 11. 1931, 1873, clay, sand,see horses, aweedofirrigation canals,alongthebanksofriver, produces coarsefodder, palatablewhenyoung,eatenby Western Australia. Perennial,tufted,reedlike, rhizomatous, Javanicae rariores Joseph Bennett(1801-1876)andRobertBrown, Philosophical Society, new series, barbata grassy slopes,forestmargins, riverbanks, type some speciespronetograzingandtrampling,onmoist palea present,lodiculesabsent,ovary glabrous,2stigmas, membranous, caryopsisenveloped inthehard lower glume, illeg., non 6: 1849.1902, Muell.) Bailey; (F. Muell.)F. Muell.ex Benth.; C. cyathopoda 1(Suppl.): 263.1906, Australia, Philippines.See C. biaurita Species neae), by T.A. Jannink&J.F. Veldkamp]. 2002 [Revision ofChionachninae(Gramineae: Andropogo- 1957, Rottboellinae, andtheMaydeae.” taxonomy ofthe Andropogoneae 2.SubtribesIschaeminae, Meded. Rijks-Herb. the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 1873, 273. 1841, Naturelles. SecondePartie: SciencesNaturelles Sixième Série. Sciences Mathématiques,Physiqueset l’Académie ImpérialedesSciencesdeSaintPétersbourg. non Lam.; Chionachne koenigii bata barbata 2- pedicelled spikelet suppressedorvestigial, malespikelets spikelets unisexual, basalfemalespikelet andseveral males, ments below andmalesegments above, allthefertile theate racemesbearingpairedspikelets withfemaleseg- plants monoecious,in internodes solidorhollow, liguletomentose,leafblades cylindrical, branched,culmnodeshairyorglabrous, reedlike, rhizomatousorcaespitose,bulbous base,culms Chionachne R.Br. fl owered andsolitaryor2-nate,2glumesdissimilar (Roxb.) Aitch.; Coix arundinacea Flora Australiensis Kew Bulletin Fl. Austral. Coix arundinacea (Roxb.) Duthie,nom.illeg., non (Roxb.) R.Br., see Blumea Chionachne barbata Hack. Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae

(J. König) Veldkamp ( Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae

(F. Muell.)Benth.( Mededeelingen Van‘sRijks-Herbarium Chionachne barbata Sclerachne cyathopoda 7:516.1878and 47(3):557-559,f.2.2002. . 15,18,20.London1838, 35:813.1981, 67:1-17.1931,R.P. Celarier, “Cyto- (Spreng.) Thwaites; Chionachne barbata Blumea fl Lam.; orescence axillary, spiciformspa- J.Königex Willd., nom.illeg., 7:515.1878, Philippine Journal ofScience Transactions ofthe American 47(3):556-557,f.1.2002. (Roxb.) Aitch.; Coix barbata Polytoca cyathopoda Chionachne cyathopoda Blumea Cytologia The QueenslandFlora (Roxb.) Benth.,nom. 5:142.1835,John Chionachne barbata 2(3):518.1894and Contributions from F. Muell.) Coix arundinacea Chionachne bar- (Roxb.) R.Br.; 47(3):545-580. 22:160-183. Roxb.; Mémoires de Chionachne Chionachne 6,4(3-4): 8:116. Plantae 8:116. Coix 67: fl (F. at, Catalogue ofthePlantsPunjabandSindh 334. 1861, icae Rariores borders, see banks, alongroadsides,inhotanddampregions, woodland useful intreatingburns, grows indampsituations,river- fodder, stony fruitsusedasrosarybeads,medicinalvalue, fl glume ofthefemalespikelet embraces thespikelet, upper tillate spikelets solitary, femalespikelets sessile,thelower and leaves, irritatinghairs,bractssubtending racemes,pis- leaf sheathsloose,liguletomentose,stiff hairsonsheaths robust, stout,erect,branched,nodessoftlybeardedorhairy, Eastern India,SriLanka.Perennial,coarse,monoecious, Polytoca barbata koenigii Descriptions ofIndianPlants Roxb.; 3: 569.1832, 239. 1824, 203. 1805, nique (Halle) 23:211.1788, rich soil,banksofwater courses,see used asfodderwhenyoung,growing inrice Australia, India.Coarse,malespikes erect,pedicelsjointed, clopédie Méthodique, Botanique crypsoides lium, editiodecimasexta Plantarum. Editioquarta nische Zeitung. Berlin tarum Zeylaniae non India, Indigenous andCultivated Description … Punjab andSindh Aitch.; barbata C. koenigii in English:hairyribbongrass,river grass 1938, habitats, blacksand,clay, see Western Australia, Queensland. Annual orperennial,arid C. hubbardiana gadi, varival in India:bhus,ghellagadee, gurgur, kadpi,kirma-gilaram 559-560, f.3.2002. British India nom. illeg., non arundinacea kamp; bata Benth., nom.illeg., non oret maleorbarren,3stamens,fruitcasesolitary, poor (Roxb.) R.Br.; Chionachne barbata 3:422.1791, Blumea Coix crypsoides Chionachne koenigii Chionachne barbata Spreng.; (Roxb.) Aitch.; Müll.Hal.; Flora Indica;or, DescriptionsofIndianPlants (Sprengel) Thwaites &Hook.f.( Systema Vegetabilium, editiodecimasexta Der Naturforscher Enumeratio PlantarumZeylaniae Lam.; 7(21):102.1897[1896]and 18.1838, 47(3):560-562,f.4.2002. Plantae Javanicae Rariores 7: 515.1878,

357.1864, Henrard (Roxb.) Stapf; Polytoca barbata Coix arundinacea 157.1869, Coix arundinacea Chionachne gigantea Species Plantarum.Editioquarta 19(45):334.1861, Müll.Hal.; Botanische Zeitung. Berlin Encyclopédie Méthodique, Bota- (Roxb.) Aitch.; 4:203.1805, 1:239.1824, Coix gigantea Chionachne barbata Chionachne barbata Catalogue ofthePlants (Roxb.) Duthie,nom. illeg., 3:569.1832, A ListoftheGrasses ofN.W. (Spreng.) Thwaites; (Halle)23:211.1788, Polytoca barbata 11.1883, 3:422.1791, Flora Australiensis: A (Roxb.) Stapf) Coix koenigii Blumea Lam.; J.Königex Willd., Der Naturforscher Systema Vegetabi- Enumeratio Plan- J.König; Flora Indica;or, Chionachne bar- (J.König) Veld- 18.1838, 3(3):162-163. Plantae Javan- Blumea Coix barbata The Flora of ﬁ 357.1864, Chionachne 157.1869, elds, moist Sprengel; (Roxb.) (Roxb.) Stapf) 19(45): Species 47(3): Ency- Bota- Coix Coix 469 1: 4: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC plantarum acceditnomenclatorgenerumetof cher, 4: 78.1890. usualium indicatio.Lipsiae1841. 1883, of theGrasses ofN.W. India,Indigenous andCultivated any trievech Zotov (1908-1977), young grass,” referringtothehabitat; see Victor Dmi- From theGreek Chionochloa Zotov Orthographic variant of Chionanche Endl. Orthographic variant of Chionacne Bal. C. semiteres 563-564, f.6.2002. Flora… Australiensis:Description A 470 (Benth.) Henrard; 52. 1881and Australia. See Benth.) C. macrophylla in Thailand: dueaina,duei naa, dueina lada hullu,vanahasaka, varival sukanda, sukkudebbehullu,sukudabha,tauri,thendeba- kasha, luchra,nadeya, niraja,potagala, sharada,shiri, kanda, kansa,kanta-karvel, karmamoola,kasai,kasekshu, ikshura, ishika,kaasigaddi, kachalu,kadpi,kalivaeru gaddi, bhapathraka, gelagaddi, ghellagadi, gurgur, ikshugandha, in India:amarapushpaka,ashvabala, chamarapushpa,dar- 559-560, f.3.2002. 204. 1956, and 1706. 1934, ium 101. 1897[1896]and Plantarum Naturae, EditioDecima grows alongroadsides,ondryhillslopes,see India, Tamil Nadu,Burma.Fruitcasesseveral andwinged, semiteres Benth. &Hook.f.; (Benth. ex Stapf)Henrard; C.E.C. Fisch.,nom.illeg., non 1:87.1963. 67:16.1931, Handb. Fl.Ceylon Enchiridion botanicum The Flora ofBritishIndia Benth.ex Stapf; 3:113.1883, Grasses ofBurma (Benth.ex Stapf)Henr. ( Blumea Kew Bulletin Journal oftheLinneanSociety, Botany

(Benth.) Clayton( chion Chionachne semiteres Flora ofthePresidency ofMadras 47(3):567.2002. Polytoca semiteres Mededeelingen van’s Rijks-Herbar- “snow” and Chionachne 5:194.1900, Chionachne 1253,1261,1379.1759, The Flora ofBritishIndia 35(4):814.1981, Tripsacum semiteres Chionachne wightii , exhibens classesetordines New ZealandJournal ofBot- 262.1960, 7(21):102.1897[1896] Chionachne semiteres R.Br., see R.Br., seeI.L.Endli- Polytoca macrophylla Chionachne semiteres chloe, chloa 7: 515.1878, Grasses ofCeylon Benth.; (Benth.ex Stapf) Blumea Blumea fi cinalium vel Journal Bot. Wall.) Munroex Polytoca Systema “grass, Genera 47(3): 7(21): 47(3): A List 19: 11. 3: 1341-1347. 1984, chem. Syst.Evol. old leafsheathspersistent,blades foliage, glabrousnodes,hollow internodes,auriclesabsent, large anddensetussocks,erect, coarse,herbaceous,harsh ideae, Danthonieae,perennial,caespitose,solitary, forming Arundinoideae, Danthonieae,Danthoniinae,orDanthonio- About 21-24species,New Zealand,southeast Australia. 1990, H.E.Connor, “ Botany 1989, 3507. 1988, New Zealand.” Parks and Wildlife Service1988, Australian Plants 537. 1986,Briggs,J.D.&Leigh,J.H. New ZealandJournal ofBotany Journal ofBotany nal ofBotany spikelets offew toseveral bisexual tracted, erectandopenorcompactpanicleoffew tomany all specieschasmogamous, in hairs, leaves oftenpungent,plantsnearlyalways bisexual, persistent orfalling ordisarticulating,liguleafringeof grading with to as when in summer grazing,usefulforslopeprotection,ornamental grasses, alpineandsubalpinegrasslands,sealevel, valuable neously exserted atanthesis, reproductionbyseeds,tussock ovary glabrous,2stigmas,anthersandstigmassimulta- 2 ciliatelodiculesfreeandtoothedtolobed,stamens3, twisted column,paleapubescentorglabrous,hairycallus, any Conservation Council1981, tebrates and Vascular Plants Rare andEndangered SpeciesofEndemic Terrestrial Ver- G.R. &Given, D.R. Zealand Journal ofBotany 1976, 544. 1972, 1970, 152. 1970, 18: 289-306.1969, Journal ofBotany Zealand Journal Agric. Res. Journal oftheLinneanSociety, Botany Proceedings oftheNew ZealandInstitute spicuous, longawns presentwith lobed withthelobesoftenshort-awned, lemmalobescon- tened, 2unequalglumesacuteorrarelyawned, lemmas2- New ZealandJournal of Botany Chionochloa rigida 1965, 1963, 21:13-20.1983, Danthonia Phytochem. New ZealandJournal of Botany J. Ecol. New ZealandJournal of Botany New ZealandJournal of Botany 28:59-65.1990, fl ower, graceful New ZealandJournal Agric. Res. New ZealandJournal of Botany New ZealandJournal ofBotany 77:704-716.1989, 15:399-442,761-765.1977, Cortaderia sensulatoand 11:247-259.1983, 15:1933-1935.1976, New ZealandJournal ofBotany New ZealandJournal ofBotany 1:78-136.1963, 16:255-260,435-460,479-498.1978, . revised edition. Australian National New ZealandJournal of Botany (Raoul)Zotov, see The RedDataBookofNew Zealand: Phytochem. Chionochloa Stapfand fl New Phytologist ower heads,sometimesreferred 3:728-733.1960, 19:161-170.1981, Williams, New ZealandJournal ofBot- Rytidosperma . Wellington, N.Z.:Nature fl 5:3-16.1967, orescence looseorcon- fl 22:119-124.1983, 17:43-54.1979, New ZealandJournal of attened andmoreorless Zotov (Gramineae)in Phytochem. Heredity Danthonia fl 3:180-193,300-319. orets, spikelets 51:1-9.1937, Rare or Threatened 10:205-224,515- Aust. J. Chem. 4:392-397.1966, New ZealandJour- fl Transactions and at orfoldedand 45:274.1913, 116:555-562. Chionacne Bal. Steudel,inter- 14:315-326. 27:163-165. 18:538-540. 13:534-554. New Zealand New Zealand 27:3499- DC.,type Vegetatio 24:529- 8:132- 29: New New Bio- 37: fl at- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC macearum occurs insteepalpineslopes, see leaves tightlyrolledandpungenttipped,lemmascabrid, green, leafsheathglabrousand hairy,leafbladepersistent, New Zealand.Low growing, mat-forming,alpine,deep Buchanan) (Buchanan) Buchanan; C. australis New ZealandJournal ofBotany ceedings oftheNew ZealandInstitute ogy Journal ofBotany Ecology andEvolution Zealand Journal ofBotany 219-283. 1991, Chionochloa Zotov Journal of Applied Ecology 226. Feb2001, Acaena abilities ofrareandcommonplants:comparisonsusing Lloyd, William G.LeeandJ.Bastow Wilson, “Competitive Austral. Ecology bal Change Biology Flora ofNew Zealand 25(4): 402-408. Aug 2000, Zealand.” (Poaceae) species.” lates ofgeographicrangesizeinNew Zealand M. Lloyd, J.Bastow Wilson and William G.Lee,“Corre- Freshwater Biology limits thespreadof Bond, KatharineJ.M.Dickinsonand Alan F. Mark,“What of Biogeography 1761. Nov 2003, awned, see leaves pungentanddeciduous,glumes acuteorshortly New Zealand.Slender, leafbladedisarticulatingatligule, scens Danthonia antarctica Danthonia antarctica 44B, Poaceae3:26.2005, Novae-Zelandiae C. antarctica see blade disarticulatingatligule,pointedanddeciduousleaves, New Zealand.Erect,slender, leafsheathpersistent, C. acicularis Species 5: 839-853.May2005. Oikos Mar 2004, shrub.” from geographicvariation ofserotiny inaNew Zealand 4:591-596.1998, New ZealandJournal of Botany var. var. 107(3):505-518.Dec2004, (Rosaceae)and Global Ecology andBiogeography Conservation Biology 1:246.1854, hookeri Freshwater Biology Flora Antarctica Zotov (Hook.f.)Zotov ( (Buchanan)Zotov ( Journal ofEcology 1:302.1853and Oikos 27(4):369-384.June2002,Kelvin M. 31(3):401-413.Mar2004, William J. 35:259-262.1997, Phytochem. Zotov) Journal ofBiogeography 48(8):1363-1378. Aug 2003,Kelvin vol. 8,issue4:345-360. Apr 2002, (G.Forst.) Spreng.; fi (Hook.f.)Hook.f.,nom.illeg., non 5:423-459.2000, 104(3):540-550.Feb2004, re-dependent vegetation? Evidence 9:465-470.1994, Danthonia raoulii Am. J. Bot. Chionochloa Transactions andProceedings of Freshwater Biology 38(2):233-237. Apr 2001, Freshwater Biology 30:125-133.1992, 1:97,t.54.1845[1844], 31:702-703.1992, Bromus antarcticus 16(4):975-985. Aug 2002, 49(4): 448-462. Apr 2004, 1:99.1963. Synopsis PlantarumGlu- 89(1):31-39.Feb2001 86:1136-1145.1999, Flora of Australia Transactions andPro- 1:101.1963. Danthonia australis (Poaceae)fromNew Global Change Biol- 73(3):234.1943, Danthonia Austral. Ecology subsp. 13(2):115-127. 30(11):1751- New Zealand vol. 50,issue Chionochloa 46(2):213- Trends in Hook.f.; australis Journal Flora fl vol. Glo- New ave- , C. cheesemanii New ZealandJournal ofBotany coastal cliffs, see blade persistent,pricklyglumesacuteorshortlyawned, on New Zealand.Caespitose,gynodioecious,sheathhairy, leaf Hook.f.) fl C. bromoides Zealand Journal ofBotany shortly awned andprickly, oncoastalcliffs, see New Zealand.Caespitose,leafbladepersistent,glumes C. beddiei in English:alpinecarpetgrass,grass New ZealandJournal ofBotany Indigenous Grasses ofNew Zealand Danthonia raoulii the New ZealandInstitute green toolive, leafsheathpersistentand New Zealand. Tall, denselytufted,robust, basalleaves dark conspicua conspicua jouw andF.A. Sta Biographical notesuponbotanists Smith, 1854-1926] Wellington 1914.SeeJ.H.Barnhart, New ZealandFlora Botting Hemsley (1843-1924) wrote the New ZealandFlora of theLinneanSociety, he isbestknown forhis botanical collector, from 1854toNew Zealand,1873Fellow Frederic (Frederick)Cheeseman,1846-1923,explorer, (for theNew Zealand(bornatHull, Yorks) botanist Thomas spikelets 3-to7- pendent andhairyopenin ing leaves tardilydeciduous,looseseedheads,erectto margin hairybelow, leaves rigidand Zotov; Calamagrostis conspicua densely hairy, scabridleaves, distant New Zealand. Tussocky, leafbladepersistent,sheath lin-Dahlem Notizblatt desBotanischen GartensundMuseumszuBer- tors A.-D Forst.) Roem.&Schult.; Willd. ex A. Rich.,nom.illeg., non Forst.) Roem.&Schult.; Zealand Flora tarum Glumacearum lemma scabrid,inforest,grasslands,see Flora C. conspicua of Botany Zealand Institute avescens 887.1906, Cortaderia conspicua . Regnum Vegetabile vol. 2.1954;O.E.Schulz, 1:95.1963. var. var. (G.Forst.) Zotov) (G.Forst.) Zotov subsp. Zotov . 10:551.1929) (G.Forst.) Zotov ( 332.1864and (Hook.f.)Zotov ( cheesemanii (Hack.ex Cheeseman)Zotov ( 73(3):234.1943, Transactions andProceedings oftheNew Flora Novae-Zelandiae fl fl var. var. owered, glumesapex acuteorshortly eu, . [Theplatesdrawn by MissMatilda 1:246.1854, Index Herbariorum cheesemanii . Wellington 1906,with William (G.Forst.) Gmelin; 1:90.1963. 4:224.1872, Agrostis conspicua fl (Hack.ex Cheeseman)Zotov; Arundo conspicua orescence, droopingpanicles, (G.Forst.) Stapf; Manual oftheNew Zealand 1:90.1963. 1:103.1963. Agrostis conspicua . 1:338.1965;J.Lan- cunninghamii Danthonia bromoides Hack.ex Cheeseman) Agrostis conspicua fl Handbook oftheNew fl New ZealandJournal orets, glumeshyaline, 77,t.31.1880and at toconcave, droop- Illustrations ofthe fi 1:303.1853and brous, leafblade . Part II, Synopsis Plan- Manual ofthe Chionochloa (G.Forst.) G.Forst.; Danthonia Manual of (Hook.f.) Deyeuxia Collec- New (G. (G. 471 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC the New ZealandInstitute curl spirallywhendryordead,in stiff, leafbladehairy, leaves pungentwiththicktips,leaves New Zealand.Smalltawny greentussock,sheathstoutand nia pungens (Cheeseman) Zotov; C. crassiuscula Journal ofBotany Zealand Flora Flora Novae-Zelandiae New Zealand.Leafsheathandleafbladeglabrous,see Colenso) grassland, inundatedand poorly drainedareas,see New Zealand.Prostrate,slender, wetgrassland,boggy C. crassiuscula Journal ofBotany Manual oftheNew ZealandFlora curved andcoriaceous,inmeadows, boggymeadows, see New Zealand.Stout,robust, tussocky, pungentleafblades thonia cunninghamii … editiodecimatertia,aucta,reformata Insularum AustraliumProdromus wind tolerance,alpineandsubalpinehabitats,see rare species,pioneer, usedbyMaorisforthatching,high awned, lemmapiloseatthebase,awn straight, ornamental, 472 Hook.f.; Zélande de l’Astrolabe Systema Vegetabilium d‘une Nouvelle Agrostographie (Hook.f.) Zotov ( 73(3): 234.1943, Transactions andProceedings oftheNew Zealand Institute Cultivated RoyalBot.Gard. Kew, edition2, C. conspicua New Zealand.Leafsheathandleafbladehairy. C. conspicua in New Zealand:toetoe,toitoi sock, brown tussock,snow grass,snow tussock sock, plumetussockgrass,plumedbush tus- in English:Hunangamoho grass,broad-leaved bush tus- 1963. C. crassiuscula in English:curly-leaved snow tussock, curlysnow tussock Botany New ZealandInstitute deep wethollows, see in thehigherrainfall mountains,leachedorboggysoils, Cheeseman) ochloa pungens New ZealandFlora 1:103.1963. 127.Paris 1832and Danthonia antarctica Cheeseman) (G.Forst.) Zotov subsp. 332.1864, (G.Forst.) Zotov subsp. … Part [1]: (Kirk)Zotov subsp. (Kirk)Zotov subsp. (Cheeseman)Zotov; (Kirk)Zotov ( 1:92,94.1963. 1:103.1963. New ZealandJournal ofBotany Danthonia antarctica 887.1906, Danthonia crassiuscula 2:364.1817, Transactions andProceedings ofthe 17:224.1885and Hook.f.; 1:302.1853, 16:343.1884and Transactions andProceedings of Essai d’une Hand-list HerbaceousPlants var. var. 20,142,146,152.1812, 9.1786, New ZealandJournal of 887.1906, fl parvi Danthonia penta Chionochloa pungens orescence hairy, occurs Voyage de découvertes directa Handbook oftheNew crassiuscula fl Danthonia pungens conspicua 2:172.1791, fl ore delaNouvelle- ora Systema Naturae 137,333.1902, var. var. cunninghamii Manual ofthe

Kirk; Hook.f.; Connor New Zealand New Zealand laxi Florulae Dantho- ( 1:92. Chion- Essai Dan- fl fl ora ora C. Zealand Journal ofBotany glumes acuteorshortlyawned, openslopes,see blades hairy, leaves narrow orlong,in New Zealand. Tussocky, hairy toscabrid,variable, leaf C. defracta Journal ofBotany Zealand Journal ofBotany glabrous orhairy, leafbladescurledortwisting,see New Zealand.Stout,robust, tussocky, alpine,leafsheaths C. crassiuscula Journal ofBotany NewZealand Journal ofBotany C. 10. 1991. 1: 97.1963, Zealand actions andProceedings oftheRoyalSocietyNew C. snow tussock in English:broadleaved snow tussockgrass,broadleaved 97. 1963, Handbook oftheNew Zealand Flora described under coarse textured slopes, onshadyslopes,sometimes crosswise, glumesacuteorshortlyawned, growing onrocky glossy leaves droopinganddeciduous,deadsheathsbreak shoots, leafsheathsglabrousorhairy, leafbladestapering, New Zealand.Denselytufted,alpineplant,tough,stout New Zealand.Leafsheathglabrous,in hairy, see C. Zealand Journal ofBotany C. nal ofBotany Zealand Journal ofBotany New Zealand.In glabrous, leafblademargin scabrid,in New Zealand.Stout,sprawling, persistentfoliage,sheath Hook.f.) New Zealand.In C. Zealand Journal ofBotany compact, distant New Zealand.Leafsheathglabrous,in bi hairy, glumesawned, see in New Zealand:dwarf weepingtoitoi,snow tussock 302. 1853and mental, occursindryareas,see fi fl fl fl fl fl d, lemmascabrid,weeping fl avescens avescens avescens avescens avescens avicans 68:295.1938, New ZealandJournal ofBotany New ZealandJ. Bot. Connor New ZealandJournal ofBotany Zotov ( Zotov subsp. Zotov subsp. Zotov subsp. Zotov subsp. Zotov ( 29(3):240,f.9.1991. New ZealandJournal ofBotany (Kirk)Zotov subsp. fl fl Chionochloa rigida 29(3):237,f.6.1991. 29(3):236,f.5.1991. fl orescence glabrous,grassland,see orescence glabrous,grassland,see orets, light-greenseedheads, glumes Danthonia Danthonia antarctica New ZealandJournal of Botany New ZealandJournal of Botany 1:97.1963, 25(1):164.1987. 29(3):242,f.11.1991. 1:97.1963. lupeola brevis fl hirta 1:103.1963, avescens fl 29:253.1991. 1:103.1963, owers, slow growing, orna- Flora Novae-Zelandiae Connor fl Connor avescens Connor 332.1864and torta fl (Raoul)Zotov, see orescence denseand Chionochloa Zotov New ZealandJour- fl 1:97.1963, fl fl

orescence hairy, Connor Hook.f.) orescence very orescence very 29(3):241,f. New Zealand New Zealand 1:91.1963. var. var. Trans- elata New New New New New 1: 1: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC der New Zealand.Small,shortand mat-forming,tussock,slen- non C. Chionochloa Zotov less equal,commoninsnowbanks, grasslands. fl C. New Zealand. C. frigida 245, f.13.1991. New Zealand.See fl stout tussocks,culmssmoothandshining,grayishleaves trict. Perennial,robust, denselycaespitose,formingdense New Zealand, Australia, New South Wales, Kosciuszko dis- Botanique, sér. 3 brous, swampy places,see leaves persistent,glumesglabrous,lemmahairyandgla- leaf bladesjunceous,oldsheaths New Zealand. Tussocky, swollen bases,leafsheathentire, Danthonia rigida macearum C. juncea 1988. of theNew ZealandInstitute Australia, LordHowe Island.Rare,see C. howensis in English:robust wallaby grass,ribbony grass and subalpinemeadows, rocky slopes. ulate andcoarse,anthersyellow-orange, rarespecies,alpine New Zealand. Tussock, persistentsheath, leaves narrow C. macra Zealand Journal ofBotany glabrous, wetground,boggysites,grassland,see uous leaves, glumesglabrous,lemmamoreorlesshairyto leaf bladetipbluntandmargin glabrous,decid- New Zealand.Slender, tussocky, hairypersistentsheaths, C. lanea 1943, and Proceedings oftheNew ZealandInstitute lets 4-to8- rie) Zotov; elata C. oreophila in English:slimsnow-tussock, slim-leaved snow tussock Journal ofBotany column, alpineareas,harshclimates,see rescence openandglabrous,glumessubequal,longawn or looselyrolled,basalsheathsdullpurplishbrown, in phila exuous branches,smallsolitaryspikelets, glumesmoreor at orfolded,paniclesnoddingandmany- fl fl fl avicans avicans Danthonia pallida (Petrie)Zotov; var. var. owering culms,persistentsheaths, in New ZealandJournal of Botany Zotov Zotov elata (Vickery) Conert( Zotov ( 1:246.1854and fl Danthonia oreophila Zotov f. Zotov f. S.W.L. Jacob (Petrie)Zotov ( owered, glumessubequal,centralawn genic- Patrie; 2:116.1844, var. var. 8:91.1970. Danthonia raoulii New ZealandJournal ofBotany Danthonia fl temata Danthonia pallida teretifolia R.Br.) avicans Annales desSciencesNaturelles; 25(1):165.1987. Transactions andProceedings Connor 54:571.1923, Danthonia frigida Chionochloa oreophila (Petrie)Zotov) fl Synopsis PlantarumGlu- Patrie; avescens var. var. fi brous andpersistent, 1:101.1963. Patrie, nom.illeg., Telopea teretifolia Danthonia oreo- fl var. var. fl owered, spike- New Zealand orescence on Transactions 73(3):234. Vickery) 3(2):281. elata Patrie; 29(3): (Pet- var. New fl fl o- at Danthonia raoulii C. rigida grass, white-toppedwallaby-grass in English:silvertop wallaby grass,redantherwallaby acid soils,onuplandsoilsof low fertility. twisted, anthersred-orange,ornamental,grows onpoorand row, lemmamembranous,centralawn geniculateand spikelets looselyarranged,glumes subequal andrathernar- rather rigidandgreenish,paniclesexserted andspreading, robust, culms stoutanderect,formingerecttussocks,leaves New South Wales, Victoria. Perennial,denselycaespitose, New Zealand. Tussock, oldsheaths Danthonia planifolia C. ovata 1: 104.1963. Institute 1913, and Proceedings oftheNew ZealandInstitute the New ZealandInstitute Zealand Flora in English:snow patchgrass,see sistent, in pungent andleafblademargin glabrous,leafsheathsper- to purple,in keeled andglabrous,softleaves, basalsheathspalebrown New Zealand.Greenortawny greentussock,leafsheaths C. pallens Zealand Journal ofBotany ceedings oftheNew ZealandInstitute of New Zealand nous Grasses ofNew Zealand glabrous, wetplaces,grassland,see Br.; C. pallida see New Zealand.Leafbladepersistentandpilose,ingrassland, Zealand alpinetussockgrass, effects ofdefoliation:incompleterecovery ofaNew Lee, MFenner, A LoughnanandK.MLloyd, “Long-term C. pallens New Zealand.Stout,persistentleafblades,ingrassland. C. pallens Journal ofBotany blade twistinganddisarticulatingatligule,see New Zealand.Stout,oldsheathshairyandpersistent,leaf C. pallens in English:mid-ribbedsnow tussock 2000. years.” soils, see brous, foundinthepenalpinezone,onrocky well-drained New ZealandJournal ofBotany Notodanthonia pallida Transactions andProceedings oftheNew Zealand Journal of Applied Ecology 73(3):234.1943, (Buchanan)Zotov ( (Raoul)Zotov ( New ZealandJournal of Botany fl (R.Br.) S.W.L. Jacobs( Zotov Zotov subsp. Zotov subsp. Zotov subsp. orescence shortlybranched,lemmahairyand fl 332.1864, orescence glabrous,glumesacuteandgla- 5:447.2000]and Steud.; 29(3):251,f.17.1991. Petrie) pilosa pallens cadens 27:406.1895and Danthonia raoulii Transactions andProceedings of New ZealandJournal ofBotany 1:104.1963. (R.Br.) Veldkamp) Danthonia t.29(2).1880[1879,in Chionochloa pallens Danthonia ovata Connor Connor 29(3):252,f.18.1991. Transactions andPro- Handbook oftheNew Manual oftheIndige- 37(2):348-355. Apr Danthonia pallida fi 33:328.1901, brous, leafbladetip fl avescens 1:99.1963, W.G var. var. New Zealand Transactions Buchanan; fl 45:274. Hook.f.; avescens , after20 Flora New 473 R. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC slender, tussock-forming,leafsheathglabrousand coiling New Zealand,SouthIsland. Vulnerable species,perennial, C. spiralis 1963. Danthonia rigida (Hook.f.) Hack.ex Cheeseman; 474 leaves, in to orange,deadsheathsbreakcrosswise,toughandglossy leaf bladedeciduous,sheathspalegreentolightbrown New Zealand.Erectandspreading,stout,shootsslender, Raoul) C. rigida 19. 1991. places, see les; Botanique, sér. 3 on poorlydrainedareas,see glumes acuteorshortlyawned, lemmahairy, harsh climate, land, bogs,streambanks,see high windtolerance,seepagesandswamps, tussockgrass- waterlogging tolerance,tolerantofdryorwetconditions, open, glumesacuterarelyawned, ornamental,pioneer, high forming, leaves needle-like redtopurple,in New Zealand. Very tough,slender, upright,densetussock Danthonia raoulii Zealand Flora Glumacearum C. rubra New Zealand.Glabrousin New Zealand.Scabridorhairyin C. rigida in English:snow tussock,narrow-leaved snow tussock 1963, Flora New Zealand.See C. rubra 257, f.24.1991. New Zealand.See C. rubra of Botany New Zealand.Leafsheathentire,see C. rubra in English:redtussockgrass,coppertussock, 302. 1853and C. rubra 255, f.22.1991. New Zealand.See C. rubra 1963. New Zealand.See 886.1906, New ZealandJ. Bot. Zotov subsp. Zotov subsp. Zotov subsp. Zotov var. Zotov var. Zotov ( (Raoul)Zotov subsp. (Raoul)Zotov subsp. 29(3):256,f.23.1991. fl Zotov orescence open,paniclebranchedandloose, New ZealandJournal of Botany 1:243,246.1854, 332.1864and New ZealandJournal of Botany Danthonia antarctica Steud.,nom.illeg., non Steudel) New ZealandJournal ofBotany New ZealandJournal ofBotany New ZealandJournal ofBotany New ZealandJournal ofBotany New ZealandJournal ofBotany rubra inermis 2:116.1844, rubra occulta cuprea fl 29:253.1991. orescence. Connor Annales desSciencesNaturel- Connor Manual oftheNew Zealand Connor rigida amara Flora Novae-Zelandiae Danthonia rigida Handbook oftheNew fl New ZealandJournal orescence, inboggy Synopsis Plantarum Connor var. var. Danthonia rigida minor 29(3):254,f. 1:96.1963. fl orescence Hook.f.; Raoul; 1:96. 29(3): 29(3): 1:96. 1:96. 1: Chloachne Stapf Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis, Beihefte Hooker’s IconesPlantarum From theGreek blade twistinganddisarticulatingatligule,in New Zealand.Slender, tussock,hairysheathsentire,leaf C. vireta Journal ofBotany up, leaves narrow andsharplypointed,narrow in Hack.; and Africa. See ostachys oplismenoides letin duJardin Botaniquedel’État Journal oftheLinneanSociety, Botany 1885, the LinneanSociety, Botany schaftlichen Classe. Abteilung 1 der Wissenschaften.mie Wien.Mathematisch-naturwissen- 14. 1807[1810], shade, sometimesin lodicules, 3stamens,ovary glabrous,2stigmas,forest lets, 2glumesunequalorsubequal,paleapresent,free paniculate, racemesunilateral,spikelets inpairsortrip- cence, branchedpanicles,spikelets 4-to6- of theNew ZealandInstitute spikelets, ingrasslands,see Renvoize, Biologie Végétale Stapf; C. oplismenoides Species 898. 1982. oires del’InstitutScienti fringed membrane,plantsbisexual, in trailing, auriclesabsent,leafbladeslanceolate,ligulea rhizomatous, rambling,stoloniferous,scrambling,running, iceae, perennial,decumbent,branched,tufted,herbaceous, Two species,tropical Africa. Panicoideae, Panicodae, Pan- “chaff, glume.” f. 25.1991. glabrous, see ing anddeciduous,in articulating atligule,persistentsheaths,hairyleaves twist- New Zealand. Tussock, small,leafbladejunceousanddis- C. teretifolia 1963. limestone areas,see acute orshortlyawned, lemmahairyandlong-awned, in Journal oftheLinneanSociety, Botany Boletim daSociedadeBroteriana Oplismenus anomalus Poecilostachys

Connor Flora of Tropical East Africa Boletim daSociedadeBroteriana (Petrie)Zotov ( New ZealandJournal ofBotany chloe, chloa Sitzungsberichte derkaiserlichen Akade- 6:1-272.1955, W.D. ClaytonandS.A. 1:100.1963.

(Hack.) Robyns( New ZealandJournal ofBotany Poecilostachys = fl (Hack.)Clayton) accidula fl Poecilostachys orescence open,few solitary fi 31:t.3072.1916, que deMadagascar, SérieB, “grass,younggrass”and 46:36.1914and Transactions andProceedings Peter; 21:317-353,407-455.1884- Danthonia teretifolia 89:131.1884, Stapfex Rendle; 9(3):173.1932, Panicum oplismenoides , see fl Chloachne secunda 40:231.1911, orescence spicateor 6:141.1888and Flore d’Oware Gramineae451- Chloachne Stapf fl owered, glumes Hack. 40:231.1911, 6:141.1888 New Zealand Repertorium 29(3):261, fl Journal of orescence 1:220. Petrie) 1:100. Poecil- fl achne Mém- ores- Bul- 2: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC and Africa. See oplismenoides Robyns; From theGreek Chloothamnus Büse Perhaps fromtheGreek Chloamnia Raf. exSchlecht. 2003. the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Perhaps fromtheGreek Chloammia Raf. C. secunda 173. 1932, 1930 [1931], Chloammia Raf. 42: 403.1987. du Jardin Botaniquedel’État tertia, aucta,reformata era Plantarum Hickeliinae, type Bambusoideae, Bambusodae, Bambuseae, Bambusinae, shrub.” “sand,” seeE.D.Merrill, dic Journal ofBotany ical andanatomicalvariation of 2(2): 75.1887andE.D.Merrill, letin 1949, Hispanicae cies Plantarum.Editioquarta tenella and Institute East Africa.” tion ofbamboosintheRepublic ofMalagasy (Madagascar), 21(2): 263-292.1967, W.C. Lin,“Thespeciesanddistribu- R.E. Holttum,“Thebamboos of New Guinea.” Rariores 4. 1825, Badensis Alsatica “The bamboo-genera Série B,Biologie Végétale 1936, und P Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P ammos Hooker’s IconesPlantarum 10:591-594.1956[1955], fl Botaniska Notiser Mémoires del’InstitutScienti Willd.,see anzengeographie 42.1848, no. 4.1967. Genera Plantarum Panicum oplismenoides “sand.” Pooideae,Poeae,Loliinae,type 1:91.1861, Kew Bulletin Boletim daSociedadeBroteriana

Special Bulletinof Taiwan Forestry Research Bulletin duJardin Botaniquedel’État Stapf ( (Hack.)Clayton) 34.1789, chloe, chloa Chloothamnus chilianthus 1:8.1805,C.S.Ra Species Plantarum Plantae Junghuhnianae 1(1):17-26.1981, Nastus Chloachne oplismenoides = 2:580.1791, 52:174.1914, 42:403.1987. 130:173-187.1977[Morpholog- chloe, chloa Systema Naturae …editiodecima Die Natürlichen P Vulpia chloe, chloa Index ra = 6:1-272.1955,R.E.Holttum, 101.1836, and 9(3):173.1932, “grass”and Nastus Taxon 31:t.3072.1916, Vulpia 1(1):419.1797, Chloothamnus Gmelin Index ra fi Hack.; nesquianus fi “grass,younggrass” 6(7):202,205.1957, fi 1:73-76.1753, “grass”and que deMadagascar, Juss. (Gramineae)], nesque, 48:234,690-694. Contributions from Plantae Javanicae Prodromus Florae Blumea fl fi anzengeschichte thamnos Büse,see 386.1854and fl nesquianus Poecilostachys anzenfamilien 6:141.1888 Kew Bulletin Kew Bulletin . 75.1949. Neogenyton .” .” 2:70-71. (Hack.) Kew Bul- Bulletin Festuca “bush, ammos Flora 9(3): Gen- Nor- Spe- 75. Geopogon Chloridopsis Regel, Heterolepis Steud., Phacellaria letin, Additional Series letin, Additional Tropical East Africa Schultesia Trichloris 1908, (Gramineae).” 14e: 45.1940, W.D. Clayton,“Thegenus Journal oftheLinneanSociety, Botany iedades deCiencias,Literatura y Artes Bull. ilien ings oftheRhodesiaScienti era etSpeciesPlantarum seuProdromus Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,Chloridinae,see Referring to Chloridopsis Hack. See Referring to Chloridion Stapf After theGreekgoddessof Chloris O.Swartz 52, 222-223.2001. butions from theUnited StatesNationalHerbarium 105-106. 2001[byLaegaard, S.&P.M. Peterson], Mesoamericana letin: Biological Series 4: 88,103.1927, wasser-Flora Deutschlands, Österreichs und derSchweiz Department of Agriculture) 1891 and icanas Plantas Agrostomia Ehrenb. ex Boiss., Benth. Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, perennialorannual,habitat About 35-55species,tropical andwarm temperateregions. Prodromus Olof PeterSwartz, chloris, chloridis Amphion; Florawas theequivalent Romangoddess;Latin Hooker’s IconesPlantarum 2(2):59.1887, 772:190.1920, Adolf Pascher (1881-1945), Die natürlichen P Chloropsis Pterochloris . 25.1788. Division ofBotany, Circular (UnitedStates E.Fourn. ex Benth. Spreng., Steud., Chloris Chloris Cass.(Asteraceae), Cerv., Steud., 2:142.1886, Kew Bulletin Hack., 6: 287-289.1994, “verdant,” Greek Brigham Young University ScienceBul- Nova genera etspeciesplantarum . . Gramineae451-898.1982, Kuntze, Revisio GenerumPlantarum Heterolepis = Apogon Leptochloris 13:298,377.1986. (A.Camus) A. Camus, Trichloris Phacellaria = Chloroides = Stereochlaena fl 19(2):1-133.1974, anzenfamilien, Zweite Au 33(2):295-297.1978, 32:7.1901, Actinochloris Trichloris Die Natürlichen P fl fi owers, Chloris,daughterof c Association 28:t.2640.1900, Steud., Chlorostis Benth., Boiss., Flora ofEcuador chloros Kuntze, Fisch.ex Willd.ex 19:102.1881, Heterolepis E.Fourn. ex 2(4):143.1805, 1,25.1788, U.S. Dept. Agric. Hack. Steud., “green”;see Stereochlaena Raf., 7(2):65-66. fl Nova Gen- anzenfam- Kew Bul- Die Süss- Proceed- Flora of 2:771. 41:39- Contri-

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© 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC est, relatedto in poorsoil,dryopenhabitats,grassland,pampas,rainfor- glycosides, ruderalspeciesondisturbedground,growing tive for forage,tussockgrasses,native pasturespecies,decora- weed speciesaggressive, cultivated usefulfodder, valuable small fruitnotcompressedortrigonousincrosssection, in bisexual Somiologie méxicana dehistorianatural] tarum Pugillus confused with Society tions from the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Primatologica Journal oftheLinneanSociety 1985, of thegenus 52, 222-223.2001, iensis Feb 2005, Taxon du Muséumd’Histoire Naturelle Flora ofEthiopiaand Eritrea Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda 1820: 26.1820, awned andkeeled, paleapresent,2freeand keeled, upperglumeacuteor2-toothed,fertilelemma 1 toseveral sterile hidden cleistogenesabsentorpresent,1perfectbasal tened andarrangedonashortaxis,rachillanonarticulated, or subdigitatevery rarelysingle,spikelets laterally scabrous, plantsbisexual, in chartaceous, liguleafringedmembrane,leaves linearand long-stoloniferous, auriclesabsent,leafsheathskeeled and spitose, rhizomatousorstoloniferous,long-rhizomatous decumbent orprostrate,formingspreadingtussocks,cae- variable, 2-or3-awned, herbaceous,slender, erectand 476 269-282. 2005, (Gramineae) anditssystematic implications.” Liu, “Caryopsismorphology oftheChloridoideae Nan-Xian Zhao,GangHao, Xiao-Ying Huand Yun-Xiao 2005, 1983, seu Prodromus Ind. Occ. odon 1: 43-50,73-75. Apr 2005, sity ScienceBulletin:Biological Series Seminum [St.Petersburg]

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ﬂ

Feddes Repert.

orescence spicateanddigitate Principes Fondamentaux de Bull. Sci.Soc.Philom.Paris

6: 287-289.1994,

1:345.1870, Feddes Repert. 7:166-171.1995, 148(1):57-72.May2005.

sér. 2,29:349.1957,

Plantarum MinusCogni-

(L.)Sw., see

Brigham YoungUniver-

Cynodon Naturaleza [Sociedad

vol. 44B,Poaceae 3:

19(2):1-133.1974,

2:343.1841,

5:554.1884and 1:352-353.1840,

32(2):311-327.

ﬂ 97:227.1950,

91:63.1944,

eshy lodicules

94: 625-630. Flora Brasil- Rich.,often

96: 269-277.

vol. 6,issue

Botanical

Prod. Veg. 4.1828,

Contribu-

41:39-

Bulletin

ﬂ Index

Folia

Cyn- oret,

ﬂ

at-

205. 1855. erect Australia. Erectorspreading,glaucous,tussockforming, Centrali-Americana; … Botany… prostrate, sometimesrooting atthelowermost nodes,leaf erect orsometimesdecumbent, oftenstoloniferous,base branched atbase,stemsloosely clumpedandascending, stout, glabrous,3-awned, looselytufted,simpleor only Tropics, originuncertain. Annual orshort-lived perennial, (also blades acute,spikelets 2- Ethiopia. Perennial,looselytufted,stoloniferous,leaf Plantas C. C. Australian Journal ofBotany, SupplementarySeries tralia Journal ofanExpeditionintotheInterior Tropical Aus- Domin; C. acicularis in Mexico: escobetilla C. Species Miscanthus polydactylos Chloris dandyana divaricata Sw.; Chloris barbata C. barbata vestita C. arenaria spike windmillgrass in English:slim-spike windmillgrass, in Mexico: verdillo esbelto 25: 436.1898. North America, U.S.,Mexico. Goodforage,see C. andropogonoides in English:curlywindmillgrass 1972. lum riverbanks, pinelands,see Cuba. Endangeredspecies,foundonwhitesand,grassy Fourn. ex Hemsl.; Argentina. See ris longifolia Grasses ofthe West Indies Science ofSt.Louis rufescens paraguayensis awned, confusedwith

sp.

amethystea af (L.) Thunb.)

ﬁ ﬂ barbata

33.1848and Chloris barbata

nis Greenm.ex Combs)

owering stems,radiatingspikes, foodfor

2:143.1886,

Enteropogon acicularis

Steud.,nom.illeg., non

Kuntze; Caro &E.A.Sánchez

Swartz (

Hitchc.&Ekman(

Steud.;

and

Lindl. (

Steud.;

Hochst.

Kurtziana (L.)Nash,nom.illeg., non

C.D. Adams; barbatum

Chloris tenuispica

Chloris barbata

7:477,t.39.1897and

Fourn. ( Andropogon barbatus

Chloris paraguaiensis Bibliotheca Botanica Chloris acicularis

Bulletin ofthe Torrey BotanicalClub (L.)Swartz; Chloris gayana Chloris polydactyla

(L.) Voss;

6:224,f.2.1971.

131.1936. Transactions ofthe Academy of

ﬂ );

owered andinconspicuously

Andropogon polydactylon

Chloris andropogonoides

(Lindl.)Lazarides) Chloris in

Chloris eleusinoides

3: 558.1885,

Chloris rufescens

var. var.

Saccharum polydacty-

Chloris barbata Nash) Kunth, see

var. var. formosana Chloris O. Swartz fi (L.)Sw.; fl ngergrass, slim- 85:368.1915, Chloris barbata sensuL.1771 Steud.; ata queenslandiae Manual ofthe Link; fi Mexicanas nches, see Flora Biologia Honda; Chloris Chloris 5:31. Lag.; Chlo- var. var. 38: L.; E. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC a ringofhairsorshortlypilose,in sheaths compressedandkeeled, leaves linearand Chloris O. Swartz herbe àbarbe in theCaribbean:tipyé poul,zèbabab,petitpieddepoule, in Brazil:capimbranco, guiamum,pédegalinha in Argentina: pastoborla in French:herbecils in Spanish:paraguitamorada plume grass,airportgrass windmillgrass, purpletopchloris,purpletop,peacock- digitately arrangedattheendofa Society of Western Australia 275. 1900, 1957, Sinicarum Appendice NomenclationeSystematica Claves GenerumetSpecierumGraminearum Primarum Botanical Club Blumengartnerei Generum Plantarum Flora… Australiensis:Description A 371. 1864, Series 21: 408.1971, tarum Glumacearum Ilustrada Catarinense in English:swollen 509-540. 1996. 140. 1992, Ser. A, Phanerogams 8:136.1990, Horti Regii Berolinensis Altera stographie Occidentalis et SpeciesPlantarumseuProdromus tarum Plantarum, EditioSecunda fodder uptothetimeof in mixturewithothergrasses,unpalatablewhenold,good subtropics, highfoodvalue, fodderandforage,bestgrazed stamens, acommonweedspecieswidespreadintropicsand hairs, paleaoblongwithfoldedmargins, 2lodicules,3 purple awn, fertilelemmasborderedwithlongspreading glume lanceolate,upperovate, lemmaoval witha fl 2 rows alternatelyoneachsideofthespike, lowest fertile secund and3-awned, spikelets purple-redonshortstalksin doned road verges, wasteland, levee banks,alongroadsides,aban- drought well,canthrive onalkalinesoils,oftengrowing on stock, suitableashaywhenmixed withlegumes, itstands Systema Naturae, EditioDecima dry andmesicareas,see coastal areas,indryregions atlower elevations, indisturbed sites andcreeklines,sandybeaches,onlowlands and oret withlong-beardedcallus,glumesunequal,lower 302.1771, 5:1-51.1972, Grasses ofBurma fi elds, pastures,grassyslopesindryareas,disturbed 84,158,176.1812, Memoirs oftheNew York BotanicalGarden Flora Brasiliensis Botanical Magazine 1:200,203.1797, Australian Journal ofBotany, Supplementary 25:443.1898and 1:1191.1895, Flora Japonica, … 2:771.1891, 1:204-206.1854, fi 1(Gram.):1-435.1981, ngergrass, swollen chloris,swollen Taxon …465.1960, Voy. Jamaica fl owering, youngplantsgrazedby 2:1483.1763, 44(3):77-83.1961, 25(1):176-178.1976, 2(3A):1-160,t.1-43.1878, 1:105.1821, Essai d’uneNouvelle Agro- (Tokyo) 40:437.1926, 2:1305.1759, fl Enumeratio Plantarum owering culm,spikelets fl Bulletin ofthe Torrey Rhodora 42. 1784, 26.1788, Handb. Fl.Ceylon Vilmorin’s Illustrierte orescence spicateand 111,t.65,f.2.1707, 7: 613.1878, Journal oftheRoyal Enum. Pl.Zeyl. Mantissa Plan- Synopsis Plan- 94(878):135- Nova Genera Fl. Guianas, Flora Indiae Phytologia fl at, ligule Species Revisio 197. Flora 78: 5: 5: stolonifera C. canterae 1931. Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis, Beihefte Africa, Benin.See Pilger ex Peter) and las Letras yNobles Artes. Córdoba, Spain See South America. C. Gramíneas deBolivia acuminate, lemmaacute,dryorwetsavannahs, see racemes, spikelets 3- Bolivia. Perennial,tufted,leafbladesacuminate,solitary C. in Spanish:patadegallo tyla C. breviaristata 1921, India. See C. in English:giant 5: 391.1896. del MuseoNacionaldeMontevideo densely arranged,growing indryaridplaces,see cylindric in South America, Uruguay, Argentina. Perennial,clumped, (dedicated toM.B.Berro) Chloris parodiana dactyla C. berroi America. See C. in Ghana:kafar faraki, káfàrfàráki in Thailand: yaarangnok,ya rangnok in SriLanka:kondai pul,mayurutana gaddi, uppugaddi, zendebaladahullu paluah, palwat, phulkia,phundi,punji,sevarugu pullu,uppa kaalu hullu,myelkondai pullu,navilu baalada hullu, kodai pullu,konda jeri,konda pulla,konda pullu,manchada gondvel, goshva, hennuganjalu garike hullu,jargi, jharna, chanderyot, chhinkri,gandi, gandi gavung, ganni, gavung, in India:adavigodhumulu, aptia,bardiya,botyajhara, san, banuko in thePhilippinesIslands:banoko, korokorosan, koro-koro- in Japan:murasaki-hige-shiba,shima-hige-shiba in Hawaii: mau’ulei in Colombia:pastoblanco,siy, siyi

breviseta bournei boliviensis berazainiae var. var. Revista SudamericanadeBotánica Current Science f. breviaristata Arechav.( Parodi) (namedforMr. C.B.Cantera) Journal oftheIndianBotanicalSociety

Arechav.(also Rangachariar & Tadulingam pauciradiata

Benth. ( ﬂ

orescence spicateanddigitate,spikelets Acta BotanicaCubana Renvoize

Catasus

(Hack. ex Kütz.)Herter( ﬁ Rosengurtt&Izaguirre; ngergrass, Uruguaygrass Niger Flora Chloris accumbens Boletín de Academia deCiencias,Bel- Chloris virgata Hack.ex Kütz.) 347,f.74.1998. 57(11):617-618.1988. ﬂ owered, glumeslanceolateand Kurtz; canterai 566.1849and Chloris polydactyla 1:388,t.44.1896and ) ( var. var. 25:5.1985. Chloris barbata Hack.ex Arechav.) 6:146.1940. breviseta Chloris polydac- 16:257.1899 Chloris poly- Repertorium 40:262. (Benth.) 2:189. Anales Sw.; 477 f. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Chloris nashii 1788. Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarum seuProdromus good forage,growing indisturbed areas,openhabitats,see spitose, erect,branched,leaf bladesglabrousorscabrous, North andSouth America, West Indies.Perennial,cae- texana Annales desSciencesNaturelles (Paris) (Hack. ex Parodi) Herter; non Botánica 1: 385.1896and America. See C. canterae in Spanish:patadegallo in English:Paraguayan windmillgrass,grass Sociedad Argentina deBotánica y Nobles Artes. Córdoba, Spain 1896 and 1788, Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarumseuProdromus tufted, erect,leafy, growing alongroadsides,grasslands,see South America, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay. Perennial, 478 D.E. Anderson ( D.E. Anderson C. canterae in English:windmillgrass de Botánica tevideo See South America. Rosengurtt &Izaguirre) Argentina de Agronomía C. Science Bulletin:Biological Series Aiton; pubescens C. ciliata Kew Bulletin Linnean SocietyofLondon,Botany C. South America. C. de CienciasNaturales sion control,see glabrous, Bolivia, Argentina. Annual, bunchgrass, erect,caespitose, tographiae Australiae Cook Island.Endangeredspecies,see C. cheesemani South America. See South America. Sánchez

castilloniana castilloniana castilloniana Andropogon pubescens Anales delMuseoNacionaldeMontevideo Hortus Kewensis; or, acatalogue … (Vasey) Nash; Andropogon pubescens 1:385.1896and 12:124,f.3.1968, Sw. ( ﬂ Vis., nom.illeg., non Boletín de Academia deCiencias, BellasLetras at leaves, forage,very palatable,usefulforero- 12:128,f.4.1968. Arechav.var. Arechav.var. 21:108.1967. A. Heller; A. Anales delMuseoNacionaldeMontevideo Hack.ex Cheesem. Andropogon pubescens

Chloris grandi Lillo &Parodi var. Lillo &Parodi (named for L.Castillon) Lillo &Parodi var. Physis. Revista delaSociedad Argentina Boletín delaSociedad Argentina de Kurtziana Anales delMuseoNacionaldeMon- 7:118.1870and Cynodon ciliatus 4:176,f.1-2.1918. Chloris propinqua Boletín delaSociedad Argentina Chloris ciliata 20:24.1953, grandi Aiton; canterae Willd. ex Kunth, nom.illeg., 6:230.1971. ﬂ Brigham YoungUniversity ora 12:124,128,f.4.1968. 16:257.1900, ﬂ 19(2):32.1974. Andropogon pubescens pubescens ora Roseng.&Izag.) , ser. 2,6:305.1903, castilloniana Chloris brachyathera

Aiton; ( 5:303.1825, (Roseng.&Izag.) (Sw.) Raspail) Chloris parodiana Transactions ofthe var. var. Fragmenta Phy- Steud.; Boletín dela 3: 423.1789, texana Caro&E.A. Andropogon 1:385. Chloris Revista Vasey; Flora 25. 26. 161, 176.1812, America. See in Mexico: verdillo de Rhodes grass in English:fringedwindmillgrass,chloris,false Botánica y Veterinaria 303. 1825, 25. 1788, 1759, of the Torrey BotanicalClub Hucusque Cognitarum 12(Erganz. 1):3.1829, Botany 1936, C. cubensis and Anales dela Academia deCienciasMedicas… Beauv.; Glumacearum stolons, nial, caespitose,tall,erect,simple,sometimeswithshort North America, Mexico, U.S., Texas, New Mexico. Peren- C. cucullata in English:Cubanwindmillgrass 145. 1996. Hitchc. &Ekmanex A.S. Hitchc.; doba, Spain Academia deCiencias,BellasLetras yNobles Artes. Cór- ture. DivisionofBotany. Bulletin Cuba. See cubensis cruciatus C. cruciata 1919, Revista delaFacultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria Letras yNobles Artes. Córdoba, Spain America. See Parodi; Parodi) Herter; C. ciliata America. C. ciliata America. glumis C. ciliata Sciences Naturelles; Botanique, sér. 3 fl waste ground, aridsoils,desertsandxeric shrublands,in forage value forbothlivestock andwildlife,growing in and acuminate,purplishterminal spikes, ornamental,fair at sandysoils,onupland soils,see Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. Revista Sudamericanade Botánica Acta BotanicaCubana Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarumseuProdromus C. Wright; 5:120.1909, Chloris ciliata Vilfa cruciata fl (Hitchc.&Ekman)Cat.Guerra) 6:146.1940. Sw. var. Sw. f. Sw. f. at bluishgreenstemsandsheaths, leaves scabrous Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie (L.)Raspail; Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Manual oftheGrasses ofthe West Indies (L.)Sw. ( 16:257.1900, Bisch. A.S. Hitchc.&Ekman( 2:271.1919, 1:204.1854, Boletín de Academia deCiencias,Bellas Systema Naturae, EditioDecima Chloris ciliata Annales desSciencesNaturelles (Paris) ciliata breviseta ciliata Chloris humboldtiana Revista delaFacultad de Agronomia (L.)P. Beauv.) var. var. Agrostis cruciata 1:498.1833, fl eco, yok-t’ut-suuk ( Enumeratio PlantarumOmnium Hack. Rhabdochloa cruciata Chloris brachyathera 12:120.1908. brachyathera 25:441.1898and 25:6.1985, Muhlenbergia: A Journal of U.S. Departmentof Agricul- var. var. Revista Sudamericanade 12(1):t.30.1890, Chloris sagraeana brachyathera 19:357.1853. Synopsis Plantarum L.; Hack.) Chloris O. Swartz Chloris cubensis Steud.; 6:146.1940. 16:257.1900, Fontqueria Chloris brevi- 1:205.1854, Annales des 8: 200.1871 16,84,158, (Hack.ex Boletín de Hack.ex Cynodon 2:873. (L.)P. Bulletin 2:271. subsp. 131. 44: 5: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC C. divaricata creeping runners,upright branching atlower joints,tuftedtoshortlystoloniferous, bent, slender, creeping,mostlyglabrous,simpleorfreely Queensland, New South Wales. Perennial, erectordecum- windmill grass,hooded in English:hoodedwindmillgrass,windmillgrass, Chloris O. Swartz ris divaricata Steud.; Andropogon polydactylon imbricate andcrowded, 2 spreading atmaturityfrom a commoncenter, spikelets Sw.; Chloris barbata C. in Mexico: papalote,verdillo, verdillo papalote fl alluvial areas, upper lemmaglabrousanddeeply 2-lobed,noxiousweed, ceolate, fertilelemmatoothed attheapex andscabrous, bunchgrass, stemmy, leafbladeacuminate,in U.S., Florida,Cuba, Argentina. Annual orperennial,erect stolonifera Sw.; guinea Secunda Editio Decima common indisturbedplaces,drysites,see forage, drought-tolerant,rhizomesagainst uterine disorders, brown, lower lemmaciliateonthemargins andkeel, good ture, Scienceset Arts d’Angers Graminées 1788, Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarumseuProdromus C. dichanthioides in Brazil:capimbranco,guiamum,pédegalinha Agronomía tarum Glumacearum 25(1): 176-178.1976, Botanical Club ferous, leafbladesacuminate,in branching above thebase,rhizomatousandrarelystoloni- South Africa, Transvaal. Perennial,wiry, erect,ascending, C. diluta Series t. 155.1938, Australia. See (Everist) Lazarides) digitate, slenderspikes, 2 pycnothrix mon onriverbanks, scrubforest,very similarto lanceolate andmembranous,awned, lemmaelliptic,com- ooding, dryregions, see

dandyana Chloris castilloniana Chloris polydactyla 5:35.1972. Flora IndiaeOccidentalis Kunth; Chlorisbarbata 2:1483.1763, Renvoize Trin.,see Parodi) 1:89.1829, 20:24.1953,

Australian Journal ofBotany, Supplementary R. Br. ( C.D. Adams ( var. var. Queensland Agricultural JournalQueensland Agricultural 2:1305.1759, 25:443.1898and ﬂ (L.)Nash,nom.illeg., non Chloris elata oodplains andareassubject toperiodic cynodontoides

Everist ( Chloris cynodontoides 1:207.1854, Kew Bulletin Fl. Guianas, Sw.; fi Mémoires delaSociétéd’Agricul- (L.)Sw.; ngergrass L.; Mantissa Plantarum Phytologia fl fl fl Lillo &Parodi; ower stalks,spikes digitateand orets, spikelets spaced,glumes orets, glumesvery narrow-lan- Austrochloris dichanthioides Chloris arundinacea Chloris barbata Desv.; 1:177.1831, Prodromus Florae Novae Andropogon barbatus 1:200.1797, Species Plantarum,Editio fl (Balansa)Lazarides) orescence digitatetosub- 31(4):844.1977. Ser. A, 8:136.1990. Chloris polydactyla 21:408.1971, Bulletin ofthe Torrey Revista Argentinade Chlorispolydactyla Systema Naturae, Chloris consan- Chloris barbata Balansa; Synopsis Plan- (L.)Swartz; Révision des 302.1771, 49(5):432, fl orescence Neesex Chloris Taxon Chlo- 26. L.; f. C. Africa, Kenya. Rarespecies,see voize) S.M. Phillips) manyspike in English:tallwindmillgrass,manyspiked chloris, 136. 1990. 1971, in Brazil. Annual, slender, erect,decumbent,leafbladeslinear, C. exilis f. 1.1973, C. ferruginea 37(2): 323,f.2.1982. in cerradoorcaatinga, onsandysoils,see Argentina de Agronomía letin ofthe Torrey BotanicalClub 1831, Société d’Agriculture, Scienceset Arts d’Angers 1797, Prodromus dactylon formis Botanicae, … fertile, seealso Mauritius. Vulnerable species, second C. elata the WestIndies West Indies,Cuba.Pastures, see C. ekmanii Australia. Flexible in C. divaricata Australia. Rigidin C. divaricata star grass,slenderchloris in English:spreadingwindmillgrass,star ical Series 1972, Australian Journal ofBotany, SupplementarySeries the RoyalSocietyofSouth Australia Vegetabilis … atura y Artes barbata tema Naturae, EditioDecima France Hollandiae tarum Plantarum, EditioSecunda baceous, in Bolivia, Brazil. Annual, darkgreen,caespitose,erect,her- Chloris polydactyla fl 7: 612.1878and fi orescence subdigitate,spikelets oblong, glumesovate, liformis 302.1771, Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Révision desGraminées Taxon (Vahl) Poir.; Brigham Young University ScienceBulletin:Biolog- 19:318.1872, Desv. ( (L.)Nash,nonSw.;

L.; Renvoize 19(2):85.1974. 9:553.1911, 26.1788, Kew Bulletin

186.1810, ﬂ ﬁ Hitchc. 25(1):176-178.1976, Poiret( orescence ngergrass

Chloris arundinacea

2(4):141.1805, R. Br. var. R. Br. var. Renvoize ( 2: 20.1790, 129.1936. Andropogon barbatus Cynosurus Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarumseu fl Repertorium SpecierumNovarum Regni (L.)Sw.) orescence branches. Chloris tenuis Bouteloua simplex fl orescence branches. Flora IndiaeOccidentalis Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique fl Flora Australiensis:Description A cynodontoides 42(2):478.1987. 20:24.1953, exuous, alongroadsides, see divaricata Transactions andProceedings of 2:1483.1763, Tetrapogon ferrugineus Chloris dandyana Variedades deCiencias,Liter- fi liformis 1:89.1829, Encyclopédie Méthodique. 2:1305.1759, 25:443.1898and Manual oftheGrasses of Kew Bulletin Neesex Steud.; Poir.) Fl. Guianas, L.; 37:124,t.5.1913, Vahl,see (Balansa)Lazarides Phytologia Lag.; fl Andropogonpoly- 1:207.1854, oret occasionally Mémoires dela Mantissa Plan- C.D. Adams; Kew Bulletin 28(2):195, Chloris Ser. A, 8: Symbolae 21:408. 1:200. 1:177. Species Chloris Revista (Ren- 5:18. Bul- Sys- 479 fi li- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC C. nique …Supplément tabilium Botanique …Supplément 480 saline marshes, with silky edge,usefulforerosioncontrol,commonon lons, sward-forming, spikes stoutandcurved, upperglume South Africa. Perennial,stoloniferous,woody andstoutsto- latus nom. illeg., non C. gabrielae brata f. gayana C. gayana Bibliotheca Botanica Australia. See lung 4: 810.1896and Abteilung 1 berichte, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, sites, see Chloris gayana awns, crowded ordenselyimbricate,spikelets rathercoarse,2 subdigitate andspreadingtosomewhat erect,spikelets fl hairy margins, leafsheathscompressedandkeeled, blades stoloniferous, rootingstolons,ligulemembranouswith root system,sometimesformingtufts,usuallystrongly usually branched,tallandrobust, toughandwiry, vigorous culms oftendecumbentatthebasethenerect,simpleor annual, very variable, leafy, glabrous,erectorascending, Tropical andsouthern Africa. Short-lived perennialor Chloris repens waste places, seasonallywaterlogged plains, along roadsidesindryareas,vleis, riverbanks, lake margins, tures, irrigated terraces, openbushland, disturbedsites, binder andsoilstabilizer, grows onroadmargins andpas- erant, groundcover forerosioncontrol,usefulasasand shade, withstandstramplingandrecovers quickly, salt-tol- prolonged droughtor palatable, fairly droughtresistant, usually willnotsurvive grazing value, avaluable foragespecies,younggrowth very ical areas,cultivated fodder, relishedbylivestock, high able forsilageandhay, thatching,pasturegrassinsubtrop- grown intropicalcountries,escapedfromcultivation, suit- 2 lodicules,3stamens,weedspecieswidelynaturalizedand fertile lemmalanceolateandciliateonthemargins andkeel, less, glumesmembranousandunequal,lemmatipstruncate, areas, redloams,alluvialloam, alluvialsoils,alliedto soils, redclaysoil,infertilesands, incoastalandsubcoastal woodland andgrassland,sown pastures,clayandclay-loam at orfolded,leaves linearandtapering,spikes orracemes oligostachys fl Hack.) abellata München Andersson; fl subsp. orets 3or4,lowest 2:579.1817, Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Sitzungs- Kunth ( 38:385.1860,

(Hack.)Launert( Domin ( 8:147-163.1970. (Barratte&Murb.) Maire & Weiller; Hochst.; Flora IndiaeOccidentalis oligostachys f. fl Chloris pubescens Mitteilungen derBotanischen Staatssamm- ats, coastalregions, sandyplaces,muddy Chloris multiradiata genuina Chloris abyssinica 5:614.1817. 85:368,f.83.1915. Chloris virgata fl ooding, itdoesnotgrow wellin Eustachys gayana Encyclopédie Méthodique. Bota- 2:237-238.1811, Maire& Weiller; Barratte&Murb.; fl Bulletin del’HerbierBoissier oret fertile,upper Chloris pubescens Lag.; Sw.) Hochst.ex A. Rich.; var. var. Tetrapogon 1:203.1797and Mundy) ragazzii Chloris gayana Systema Vege- Chloris gla- fi fl elds, open orets awn- Pirotta; Chloris Peyr., fl abel- Révision desGraminées rae Abyssinicae … rae Abyssinicae 1900, 1896 and 1864, Naturwissenschaftliche Reisenach Mossambique… de l’AfriqueduNord: Argentina. Racemesatmaturitydivergent tore Parodi) C. halophila in Vietnam:tucgiéân in Thailand: yarot grass in thePhilippinesIslands:banuko, koro-korosan, Rhodes (Zulu) Rhodes-gras, Rhodesgras,rooiklossiesgras;nyankomo in Southern Africa: bruinvingergras, Rhodeschloris, in Nigeria:garaaji, kauarindooki,duki,pagamri in East Africa: apwoyo in Mexico: pastorodes, pastorhodes,zacaterhodes in CostaRica:zacategordura in Colombia:pastorhodes grama Rhodes in Spanish:gramadeRodas,pastoRhodes, in Portuguese:capim-de-Rhodes in French:chloris,herbedeRhodes Rhodesian bluegrass,Rhodeschloris in English:Hunyani grass,RhodesRhodesgrass, Burma 1956, lemma awned, see 94(9-10): 627.1983. land, indisturbedground,along roads,see awn, paleamembranous,2lodicules,3stamens,open grass- ceolate withastraightawn, sterilelemmawithasubapical racemes, glumesunequaland lanceolate,fertilelemmalan- C. halophila de Agronomía naría. Buenos Aires Revista delCentro deEstudiantes de Agronomía y Veteri- 164. 1812, C. halophila America. leaf bladeslinear, in mat-forming, ferous orrhizomatous,rootingandbranchingfromnodes, Argentina toEcuador, Peru,high Andes. Perennial,stoloni- Chloris in Annuario delRealeIstitutoBotanicodiRoma Rhodesian Agricultural JournalRhodesian Agricultural Ceylon J. Sci.Biol. …466,f.51.1960. Acta Universitatis Lundensis fl ata Révision desGraminées

Parodi var. Parodi var. 12(1):45.1945. fl Parodi ( , see owering culmserect,leafsheathskeeled, Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie Révision desGraminées 18:148,f.55.1925, fl 2: 406.1850, orescence ofdigitateorsubverticillate 2: 204.1953, Gymnopogon beyrichianus 2:293,t.58.1830, halophila humilis 2(2):126.1959, ChristaMüller 1:89,289.1829and Flora Grasses ofCeylon 14:142.1922, , Sect.2,36:8,t.13. Chloris O. Swartz Revista Argentina 38:204.1855, 1(6):89.1829, Feddes Repert. Tentamen Flo- fl exed, fertile Grasses of (Kunth) 6:157. 2: 557. Flore 89. 41, Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC itate orsubdigitateracemes,spikelets long-awned, 2 C. in Chloris O. Swartz rudimentary second a ciliatemembrane,leafbladeslinearlong-attenuate,in cumbent androotingfrombasalnodes,auricleshairy, ligule Pantropical. Annual, stout,glabrous,tussocks,oftenpro- aguayensis barbata open scrubland,grassland,see lemma lanceolateandglabrous, rocky areas,hillsides, dry rudimental rescence of8-16digitateracemeserect,spikelets with2-4 times rootingatthenodes,leafblades Africa. Annual, tufted,erectorspreading,ascending,some- C. brous, see subdigitate racemes,spikelets 2-3awned, fertilelemmagla- ferous, leaves obtuseandoblong,aheadofdigitateor Somalia. Perennial,erectorascending,tuftedstoloni- C. jubaensis Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Plantarum HortiRegii Berolinensis Altera 1305. 1759, and 2-awned, in lanceolate, lemmaoffertile coastal lowland, see in spikes pairedorcloselydigitate,spikelets 3-to4- C. mentary Series apex, basalleafsheaths straggling stems,leafbladeslinear andtaperingtoanacute Eastern Africa, Ethiopia,Somalia.Perennial,tufted,long dle; Chloris pumilio 2- to3- rescence brancheserectorspreading,spikelets pedicellate Australia. Annual, erectorprostrate,stolonsabsent,in C. lobata in Upper Volta: bunagau in Nigeria:gergera in Mali:dugukunsingui in Arabic: abamalih in English:donkey’s grass la SociétéBotaniquedeFrance areas, drybaresoils,shallow sandysoil,see minerals, foundondrysoil,savannah, openplaces,rocky edible grains,goodgrazingforstock,possiblyasourceof glume membranous,fertilelemmabeardedatthemargins, spikes, glumesacuminate,lower glumepapery, upper fl

mensensis lamproparia ated, 2lodicules,3stamens,drygrassland,roadsides, Gymnopogon mensensis ﬂ ata and ﬂ

owered, deeplylobedsecondlemma,similarto

Lazarides Link ( Kew Bulletin Steud.) ﬂ

barbatum orets, 3-4weakand Mantissa Plantarum

Cope (Schweinf.) Cufod.( 5:20.1972. ﬂ

, see Stapf Andropogon barbatus ated uppermostleafsheathsembracingthe fl Australian Journal ofBotany, Supple- Systema Naturae, EditioDecima oret, glumeslinear-lanceolate, fertile ); 50(1):113,f.2A-B.1995. fl Chloris barbata attened, openin Schweinf.) fl oret ovate, sterilelemmas , sér. 4,8:220.1912. Journal ofBotany, British 302.1771, Chloris somalensis 1:204-206.1854. fl exuous awns, glumes sensuL.1771(also fl Sw.; at andacuminate, fl orescence, dig- 1:105.1821, Mémoires de Chloris par- Enumeratio fl owered fl orets, Ren- fl fl 2: o- o- ascending, geniculateatthe base,usuallysimple,leaves Australia, New South Wales. Annual, glabrous, erect or Queensland, Northern Territory, South Australia, Western Domin) Black; ris pectinata awned spikelets, 5 and imbricate,spicatein keeled, leafbladespointedandacuminate,leaves folded ing androotingatthelower nodes,leafsheathsfoldedand strongly compressed,branchedorsimple,compact,ascend- India, SriLanka.Perennialorsometimesannual,glabrous, montana C. National deBelgique and Foreign J. Sci.Biol. C. mossambicensis in India:gondejavara hullu 1960. Ceylon 1: 331.1820, grassland, woodland, sandydunes,wasteland, see mucronate, foundinovergrazed areas,coastal,savannah, in compressed orkeeled, leaves oblongandobtuse,coarse stoloniferous, culmscompressed,basalsheathsstrongly stolonif bique. Perennial,erectorascending,tufted,robust, Tropical Africa, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Mozam- sis Dahlem blatt desBotanischen Gartens undMuseumszuBerlin- grassland andopenbush, inwetareas,riverbanks, see soils, consolidateddunes,shadyplaces,seasonalpans, on clayandwaterlogged soil,heavy claysoils,loosesandy control, extremely drought-tolerant, growing onsandysoil, gins, fairly palatable,littlegrazingvalue, usefulforerosion colored, spikelets 2-awned, fertilelemmaciliateonthemar- C. pectinata Argentina. See C. parvispicula Academy of Arts andSciences Costa Rica.Bunchgrass,see C. paniculata Revista Argentinade Agronomía See Brazil, Argentina. C. orthonoton in South Africa: meerjarigespinnerakgras in English:perennialspiderwebgrass Africa fl

(K.Schum.)Chippind.ex B.S.Fisher) montana orescence, digitatespikes orracemesstraw topurplish 198.1955. 5:276.1900, Chloris divaricata 1:104.1895and erous andrhizomatous,shortlyrhizomatousor var. var.

37:66.1899and Benth.( var. var. Roxb. ( glauca

Enum. Pl.Zeyl.

Scribn. Döll (

2(2):126.1959, Kurtziana Caro &E.A.Sánchez fallax K.Schum.( Chloris decora fl Hook.f.) Chloris divaricata Chloris guaranitica 38.1968. orets, lowest Grasses ofCeylon Flora Brasiliensis Domin; fl R.Br. var. 6:227,f.3.1971. orescence erectandappressed,5- Grasses andPastures ofSouth Proceedings ofthe American 5:371.1864and Bulletin duJardin Botanique 38:262.1902. Chloris pectinata 28:106,f.2.1961[1962]. Tetrapogon mossambicen- Grasses ofBurma Thw., nonNees; fl muelleri oret bisexual, glumes R.Br. var. 2(3):64.1878and 89.1956, Parodi) Domin; Handb. Fl. var. var. minor …466. Fl. Ind. Chloris Ceylon Notiz- typica Chlo- 481 J. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC fl 482 spikelets packed anddiverging, 2 clayey soils, moderately palatable,grows intemporarilywetplaces, cartilaginous, fertilelemma2-lobedandusuallysmooth, glumes narrow-lanceolate membranousorhyaline, lemmas hairy auricles,leafblades lower nodes,spreadingbylateralrunners,sheathsrolled, ulately ascending,slendertorobust, oftenrootingatthe Tropical Africa. Annual, tufted,erect,ascendingorgenic- nigra C. in English:combwindmillgrass,chloris 85: 366.1915. of South Australia 1911, Repertorium SpecierumNovarum Regni Vegetabilis Flora… Australiensis:Description A fl or lesserectwithfew looselydigitatespikes, spikelets 3- kilasilim, kwoyde kumare,sawun gauraka, ta fakaràà, kafar gauraka, kafar tsuntsuu, kerkole, kilasilum, in Nigeria:eéran,eríran,kafan gauraka, kafan pakara,kafar engermaka in Niger:darambua, karamfaryé, kata-kutey asadiora,kwai ntéguélé in Mali:babunsi, bakoron mbonsi,keenie geu,ngolo in Liberia:duosu,suo in Gambia:kending na’kurto in English:goat’s beard 57(3-4): 455.1987. 1931, Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis, Beihefte da SociedadeBroteriana Afh. [also in gata roadsides margins, disturbedplaces,relatedto translucent, goodforage,pasture,qualityhay, along cuneate andin bisexual, C. in Yoruba: eéran,eríran ntéguélé, sivandan ngoromdom,tiokol, tiokol peul in Senegal: babunsi, bakoron mbonsi,guendjar, ngolo taphin gauraka, tikshadigo Flora Indica;orDescriptions… era etSpeciesPlantarum 82. 1814, See America, Asia. at, purplishspike-like racemeserecttoslightlyre owered, 2upper

polystachya pilosa 3:75-76.1828], , see Hack.) Transactions andProceedings oftheRoyalSociety Bulletin duJardin BotaniqueNationaldeBelgique Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk.Naturvidensk.Math.

Genera etspeciesplantarum fi Beskrivelse afGuineeiske planter Schumach. ( rst lemmaobovate and gibbous,2ndlemma fl fl oodplains, waterholes anddepressions,see

Roxb. ( ated, glumes2,awn length variable, grain 37:124,t.5.1913, fl Hortus Bengalensis,oracatalogue … orets reducedtolemma,lowest Niger Flora Chloris polystachya Chloris breviseta fi 1:167-168,pl.50.1815[1816], nely pointed,in 21:179.1906, fl 1: 332.1820. orets, upper 566.1849and Bibliotheca Botanica 4.1816, 7: 612.1878and Benth.; fl Lag.) orescence more 55-56.1827 Repertorium fl fi Chloris vir- oret empty, Nova Gen- n gauraka, 40:262. Boletim 9:553. Chloris fl fl exed, oret Gymnopogon beyrichianus beyrichiana Gallia australi sponte nascentium wrote North Africa), cian, entomologist,plantcollectorandtraveler (Braziland the GermanbotanistPhilippSalzmann,1781-1851,physi- beyrichiana P Encke, G.BuchheimandS.Seybold, graphical notesuponbotanists Vanderveken andLuisH.Irigoyen; seeJ.H.Barnhart, phanérogames del’Argentine Buenos Aires 1919,Buenos Aires 1917-1923 sity of thelibrary ofthe Arnold Arboretum ofHarvard Univer- de BenjaminDelessert haumanii author of (Argentina), 1928-1950professorofbotany atBruxelles, from 1904to1926Faculty of Agronomy inBuenos Aires 1965, studiedunderLeo(-Abram)Errera(1858-1905), nii (Kunth) Parodi) ( T. Durand&Schinz; Rich.; ex A. Chloris intermedia non Oxford Herbaria oftheDepartmentBotanyinUniversity of Chloris radiata illeg., non upon botanists John Hendley Barnhart (1871-1949), beyrichiana C. pycnothrix Sci. Bull.,Biol.Ser. Bibliotheca Botanica 6: 244.1885, für Systematik,P rae Novae Hollandiae Australia. Annual, erectordecumbent,see (R. Br.) Kuntze) Domin; ruderalis Chloris pallida fl ing withshortstolons,often rootingatthelower nodes, nodes andascending,sometimes stoloniferousandspread- Annual orperennial,loosely tufted,erectorbentatthe VenezuelaSouth America, Tropicalto Argentina. Africa, Plants ofMexico man, with hairymargin, leafsheathstronglycompressed, C. attened leafyshoots, fl

Parodi fortheBelgian botanistLucienHauman,1880- anzennamen pumilio . Cambridge,Mass.1917-1933)( Chloris obtusifolia A SelectedGuidetotheLiterature ontheFlowering . 237.Oxford1964; A. Lasègue, Chloris ruderalis f. Parodi; La végétationdeshautesCordillères deMendoza

biaristulata (Kunth) Hack.ex Stuck.; Steud.; R. Br. ( Chloris crinita (Kunth) Hack.; Chloris leptostachya Revisio GenerumPlantarum Trin.( . Boston1965;H.N.Clokie, . 14. Au Ekm.non(L.)Swartz; Willd.; fl . Philadelphia1964) anzengeschichte undP Chloris salzmannii Gymnopogon radiatus A. Rich.; A. Chloris pallida 19(2):82.1974. Chloris crinita 85:365.1915, Chloris obtusifolia Chloris beyrichiana Enumeratio plantarum rariorum, in . Paris 1845;E.M. Tucker, 186.1810, fl Domin; Trin.; fi Chloris ruderalis . Stuttgart 1993;IdaKaplanLang- var. var. brous roots,ligulemembranous Lag.; (Kunth) Parodi; Chloris leptostachya ruderalis Chloris radiata Chloris salzmannii . 2:139.1965;R.Zander, F. Chloris ruderalis jointlywrittenwithG. var. var. Hack.,nom.illeg., non Chloris humilis . Monspelii1818.See Botanische Jahrbücher Salzm.ex Döll,nom. Gymnopogon hauma- Steud.Dedicatedto Brigham YoungUniv. intermedia Handwörterbuch der ; Chloris radiata Chloris radiata Biographical notes Chloropsis pumilio Desv., nom.illeg., fl Chloris O. Swartz var. var. Musée botanique 2:771.1891and Domin; anzengeographie Kunth; Prodromus Flo- Account ofthe Catalogue des Gymnopogon (L.)Swartz; beyrichiana (A.Rich.) Catalogue f. Hochst. Steud.; Kunth; Chloris Chloris robusta var. Bio- var. . Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC pogon radiatus possibly dedicatedtoPhilippeDurand, sis blades Chloris O. Swartz l’État), Berlin(R.Friedlaender &Sohn),Paris (Paul des plantesd’Afrique.Bruxelles (Jardinbotanique de 1941) wrote (1855-1912), withtheSwiss botanistHansSchinz(1859- South Spain;theBelgianbotanist Théophile Alexis Durand French clergyman andbotanicalcollectorinMorocco found inwasteland onlightandheavy soils, very low grazingvalue, colonizer, usefulforerosion control, and perennialcrops,palatable,fodder, forage,goodhay, acuminate, 1to2awns, acommonweedspeciesofannual acuminate-mucronate, lemmasglabrous,lowest lemma fl shaped whorlof2-8narrow spikes ordigitateracemes,2- Species PlantarumseuProdromus tema Naturae, EditioDecima margins ofirrigation ditches,irrigated grassland,see cultivated lands,limestonehillsides,grasslands,fallows, margins, indisturbedplaces, edgeofsidewalk, riverbanks, soils, redandstony soils,gardens androadsides,woodland high rainfall areas,weedyplaces,lawns, shallow stony des Graminées bus uni kiri, sawun gauraka, ta in Nigeria:eéran,eríran,kerkole, kilasilim,kilasilum,kiri in East Africa: apama,ekode in Spanish:zacateestrella chloris, spider-web grass,spiderwebfalse stargrass in English:orchardgrass,radiate Agronomía y Veterinaría. Buenos Aires 173, 180,183.1918, Revista delaSociedad Argentina deCienciasNaturales del MuseoNacionaldeBuenos Aires 1878, Glumacearum … Florae Abyssinicae Nomenclator Botanicus d’Agriculture, Scienceset Arts d’Angers Regel; Chloris crinita C. radiata in South Africa: spinnerakchloris,spinnerakgras in Somalia:harfo,domar digo, tsawko, zankon gauraka, zanzongauraka Heyne ex Roth,nom.illeg., non pallescens glaucescens Chloris radiata illeg., non scoparius owered, purplishawn, glumeslinear-lanceolate and Steud.ex Lechler; Conspectus Florae Africae fl fl Chloris crinita at andblunttobluntlyacute,in oris etsesqui (Lam.)Desf.; (L.)Swartz ( Regel; Chloris scoparius Steud.; Conspectus 1:206.1854, Lag.; 1:89,289.1829, (L.)Parodi) ( var. var. Chloris pycnothrix longiaristata Chloris gracilis Revista delCentro deEstudiantes Chloris durandiana fl Cynosurus scoparius Salzm.ex Döll,nom. illeg., non fi (edition2.)1:353.1840, oris 2: 407.1850, Agrostis radiata n gauraka, taphingauraka, tiksha fl Chloris scoparius orae Africae 234.Petropoli1824, (Lam.)Desf.; 873.1759, Flora Brasiliensis Chloris durandiana 5:861.1894and Chloris radiata ChristaMüller; Mémoires delaSociété 26.1788, fi 13:489.1906, Trin.; ngergrass, spiderweb P. Durand; 18:148,f.55.1925. Synopsis Plantarum L.; , fl

ou, Enumération Schult.; orescence astar- Nova Genera et 1:177.1831, Chloris tacnen- Chloris radiata Lam.; fl Chloris bi fi Regel, nom. . 1798-1807, De Gramini- elds borders, 2(3):64. (L.)Sw.; Tentamen Révision Schult. Gymno- Chloris Chloris Chloris Physis. Anales fl Sys- ora 4: Chloris myriostachya C. roxburghiana in Yoruba: erululudo in Nigeria:erululudo,kaasaraa Société BotaniquedeFrance places, sandybanks,riverbeds, see ing atthenodes,asourceofminerals,growing onsandy Tropical Africa. Perennial,robust, woody, geniculate,root- C. robusta in Japan:hige-shiba in Spanish:gramadecosta grass polystachya in English:beardedlawn-grass, radiate 180. 1918, Revista delaSociedad Argentina deCienciasNaturales Superintendent oftheSamalkot BotanicGarden,1793-1813 India Company intheMadrasMedicalService,from 1781 burgh, traveler andplantcollector, 1776-1780withtheEast burgh, 1751-1815 (d.Edinburgh), physician, M.D.Edin- Lag.) (fortheScottish(b. Ayrshire) botanist William Rox- fl brane, leaves nodes andoftenpurplishatthenodes,liguleashortmem- ally spreadingandmuchbranchedatthebase,rooting tufted, erect,ascending,oftenwithprocumbentbase,usu- Tropical America, Mexico. Annual, very variable, loosely 485. 1965) see J.H.Barnhart, lanae daughter Hélène(1883-1934)wrote indépendant duCongo Klincksieck) 1895-1898and wastelands, reservoir banks,abandoned good forage,growing indisturbedsites,wetlands,dry unequal, lemmalanceolate,2lodicules,3stamens,weed, see sides, dryormuddysoil,cultivated areas,pastures,ditches, spikelets erect,slenderrudimental branches clusterednearthetipofastraightcentralrachis, cate anddigitate,racemeserecttodivergent, l’École deBotanique et SpeciesPlantarumseuProdromus Mantissa Speciebus pédie Méthodique, Botanique 289. 1829, 13: 489.1906, 64. 1878and Botanic. Index Seminum fl Berberides AmericaeAustralis oris attened andglabrousorslightlyin Systema Naturae, EditioDecima 234.Petropoli1824, [Phanerogamae]. Bruxelles (AlbertDeBoeck)1909; 2:341.1824, 10.1808, Stapf Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Feddes Repertorium Roxb., nom.illeg., non Anales delMuseoNacionaldeBuenos Aires fl Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. at orfoldedwithapex blunt,leafsheaths Schult.( Biographical notesuponbotanists 14.1804, Novae PlantarumSpecies Hochst.var. . Bruxelles (Hayez)1896,withhis De Graminibus uni 28.1863, Chloris myriostachya Révision desGraminées , sér. 4,8:221.1912. Études surla 2:188.1786, 94(9-10):625,f.2.1983. 56.1857, De Quibusdam Chloridis fl Flora Brasiliensis minor ated, in 12:120.1908, 26.1788, Sylloge 873.1759, fl Chloris polystachya oret linear, glumes fi ngergrass, plush- Chiov.; fi Mémoires dela fl fl elds androad- fl fl oris etsesqui- orescence spi- exuous lateral Nova Genera fl Annotationes 1:206.1854, ore del’État orae congo- Tableau de 61.1821, Hochst.; Encyclo- Chloris Physis. 1:89, 2(3): 483 . 1: 4: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Dictionary ralis Josephi Banks Jonas C.Dryander, retum ofHarvard University Maria Tucker, in theHuntInstituteportrait collection 14. Au heim andS.Seybold, ticulturists Desmond, Departments oftheBritishMuseum History ofthecollectionscontainedinNatural History ters ofSirJoseph DaltonHooker literature 1914; M.Had tory oftheIndianMedicalService, 1600-1913 William Roxburgh.] Calcutta1789;D.G.Crawford, [ Treatise, ontheCultivationandManufacture ofIndigo Isle deFrance1779and Coast ofCoromandel William Carey, 1761-1834]Serampore1832, Indica; orDescriptionsofIndianPlants from thePhilosophical Transactions. [London1791], among hiswritingsare 1799 Fellow oftheLinneanSociety, 1814St.Helena, Botanist ofEastIndiaCompany, from1798to 1799 atCape, Superintendent oftheCalcuttaBotanicGardenandChief 484 Angola, India.Perennialbunchgrass, erect orprocumbent, Tropical Africa, Arabia, easternand southern Africa, Discoveries inChina Bretschneider (1833-1901), anique deBenjaminDelessert tier-Cossigny dePalma, galensis Bossert, European Discovery oftheIndianFlora in theIndiaOf Foundation oftheRoyalBotanicGarden, Calcutta inal Correspondence ofSirJoseph BanksRelatingtothe before 1800 Henrey, and B.L.Sloane, mon, di Palermo editors, Balkema Cape Town 1981;Mariella Azzarello DiMisa, Botanical Exploration ofSouthern Africa Explorers Coats, Botanic Garden, Calcutta Summary ofthe150th Anniversary Volume oftheRoyal upon botanists and Supplement1980;J.H.Barnhart, Process ofMakingIndigoontheCoastIngeram Golden Age ofPlantHunters The QuestforPlants: A HistoryoftheHorticultural fl Il Fondo Antico dellaBibliotecadell’OrtoBotanico . Serampore1814.SeeJosephFrançoisCharpen- . 1993;N.Hall, Biographical dictionaryofbotanistsrepresented British BotanicalandHorticultural Literature . 4:954-958.1983;LeonardHuxley, . London1969;MaryGunnandL.E.Codd, . London1980;Sta . 597-598.1994;R.Zander, F. Encke, G.Buch- Dictionary ofBritish&IrishBotanistsandHor- . 237.Regione Siciliana, Palermo 1988;K.Lem- . 1975;M. Archer, fi fi Catalogue ofthelibrary ofthe Arnold Arbo- . 3:187.1965;K.Biswas, editor, eld etal., ce Library The Stapelieae . London1800; A. Lasègue, Catalogus bibliothecaehistorico-natu- . Leipzig1981) . London1795-1820and Handwörterbuch derP Account oftheChermesLacca British Gardeners: A Biographical Essai surlafabriquedel’indigo Memoir Containingan Abridged Botanists oftheEucalypts . London1962;R.Desmond, . Calcutta1950; Alice Margaret . Cambridge,Mass.1917-1933; History ofEuropean Botanical fl eu andCowan, Natural HistoryDrawings . London1918;G.Murray, . Pasadena 1937;Blanche . London.1968; A. White . 1:46,178.1904;Ray . Paris 1845;Emil . 341.1972;Ethelyn . Oxford1992; T.W. Biographical notes , etc.[Editedby fl anzennamen Life andLet- Plants ofthe . 303. A.A. Hortus ben- Musée bot- Taxonomic The Orig- . London and . 1978 A His- Flora , by The The … . . . Cubana Torrey BotanicalClub C. sagraeana in English:roadsidewindmillgrass tufted todenselytufted,coarse,tussocky, 1936, America. See Catasus ( 145. 1996. Chloris rufescens North American Flora North American [Sociedad méxicanadehistorianatural] sis PlantarumGlumacearum Fragmentos de Algunas PlantasFilipinas De Quibusdam ChloridisSpeciebus 2(4): 143.1805,PhilippeDurand[l’abbé]( Mexico. See rufescens British West IndianIslands de laIslaCuba,Botánica places, sandyareas,see North America, theCaribbean,Cuba.Growing inwaste la Sagra,1798-1871) ris morales-coelloi C. sagraeana 2001. aristata Lag.; 1903, and … on sandyoralluvialsoils,see scrub, desertwoodland, shrubland,loamsandalluvialsilts, grounds, redgravelly soil,savannah, opengrassland, open sandy soils,abandonedcultivation, oldtermitenesting amongst bushes, stony slopes,inshallow clayloam,loose often apioneergrass,grows inaridandsemiaridareas, readily grazed,drought-tolerant,usefulforerosioncontrol, excellent fordry ciliate, grainsandleaves eatenbybaboons,ornamental, or 4awns, fertilelemmaellipticandciliatetosparsely panicles straw-colored orpurple,spikelets long-awned, 3 numerous andarrangedonalongcentralaxis,feathery acute apex, densefeatheryin usually whiteorstraw-colored, leaves lineartaperingtoan succulent, basalsheathsstronglykeeled, lowest leafsheaths tough spreadingstolons,rhizomatous,younggrowth very C. rufescens in Somalia:anekuduk,anadug in India:bamna,hikagadi, mathaniya,salakodam gadi in English:horsetailgrass,plumedchloris 491-494. 1998. 1: 332.1820, Annuario delRealeIstitutoBotanicodiRoma Chloris rufescens Acta BotanicaCubana Journal ofEconomicand Taxonomic Botany 25:1-6.1985, (Cerv.) Swallen; Chloris cubensis Lag.)

Manual oftheGrasses ofthe West Indies Variedades deCiencias,Literatura y Artes A. Rich.( A. Rich.subsp. Lag. ( Mantissa Llanos,nom.illeg., non Leónex Britton)(namedforRamonde fl ower arrangements,agoodfodder, Agrostomia aristata 17(8):596.1939, Fontqueria Chloris eleusinoides Steud.,nom.illeg., non 53:458.1926, Historia Fisica Politica yNatural 2:339.1824, Hitchc.&Ekman) Chloris peregrina 539.1864and fl Flora Indica;orDescriptions 25:6.1985, 11:315.1850, cubensis orescence, spikes orracemes 1:206.1854, 46:[i-ii],1-259.1997. 11,22.Monspelii1808, (Hitchc.&Ekman) Flora 1:345.1870and Chloris O. Swartz 31.1851, Chloris rufescens Cerv.; fl Taxon Acta Botanica Fontqueria fl at shootbases, Griseb.; Bulletin ofthe 38:204.1855 . 1795-1815), P. Durand; Flora ofthe Naturaleza 50:846. 8(1):54. Chloris Chloris 22(2): Synop- Chlo- 131. 44: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC of MiscellaneousInformationKew Hooker’s IconesPlantarum Journal oftheLinneanSociety, Botany Dr. F. Welwitsch in1853-61 Africa. See Swallen) dle) C.E.Hubb.; 1850, C. subaequigluma Bulletin del RealeIstitutoBotanicodiRoma Volume viii,1[2],Botany Princeton University ExpeditionstoPatagonia, 1896-1899, spectus Florae Africae suel delaSociétéLinnéenneParis Schinz; spathaceus var. nom. illeg., non C. Botánica Argentina. See Africa. See (Hochst. ex Steud.)Hack. ex T. Durand&Schinz) Macloskie, nom.illeg., non cenchriformis tochloris spathacea C. sesqui chloris in English:wingedwindmillgrass,chloris,wing Australiae C. scariosa America. Agrostographie soils undergidgee,water courses,see under mulga, onlow rocky hills,creekbanksandonheavy often occursinareasofhighsalinity, onred-earthsoils wings, thisgrassappearsnottobegrazedany extent, ish spikelets, glumeshyaline, lemmaswithbroadscarious erect, denselytufted,simpleorbranched,spikes erect,whit- Australia. Annual orshort-lived perennial,stiff, glabrous, ris scariosa C. sagraeana Chloris O. Swartz C. submutica 1941. ceedings oftheBiological Society of Washington simple, tussock,caespitoseor shortlystoloniferous,lower North America, New Mexico, Mexico. Perennial,erect, Roem. &Schult.; polystachya inermis Lesible ex Steud.;

spathacea spathaceus Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Trin.; 16:247-250.1962. 12:287,f.2.1968. ﬂ Tetrapogon spathaceus 6:85.1867and ora (Hochst.ex Steud.)Hack. ex T. Durand& F. Muell.( (F. Muell.)Lazarides) (Lag.)Kunth; Tentamen Florae Abyssinicae … Catalogue ofthe African PlantsCollectedby

(A.Rich.)Clayton;

Hochst. ex Steud.( Burkart A. Rich.subsp. Chloris polystachya Kunth ( 79,158.1812, Chloris spathacea (Hochst.ex Steud.)Chiov.; Boletín delaSociedad Argentina de Phacellaria panicea

Rendle ( Chrysochloa subaequigluma (Hochst.ex Steud.)Benth.; Chloris subbi Chloris scariosa 5:864.1894and Agrostomia mutica 8(1,5,1):211.1904, 14:t.1376.1882, Bracteola subaequigluma Nuytsia Eustachys submutica 2(1):222.1899and sagraeana Fragmenta Phytographiae Tetrapogon spathaceus Chloris spathacea Hochst.ex Steud.; ﬂ Lag.; Tetrapogon macranthus 1934:117.1934, 5(2):283.1984[1985]. (Hochst.ex Steud.) ora 8(3):352.1908, Essai d’uneNouvelle 2:1070.1893, P. Beauv.; Willd. ex Steud.) Steud.; Chloris pratensis 19:106.1881, Cerv.; 1:204.1854, Reports ofthe 2: 422,t.101. Bulletin Men- Tetrapogon Tetrapogon (Rendle) Eustachys Annuario Oxychlo- (Kunth) 54:44. Bulletin Chloris Baill., (Ren- Cryp- Con- Pro- Kew Tetrapogon triangularis Schumach.; Lepidopironia triangulata C. tenella rapogon triangulatus rapogon triangulatus triangulata West Indies.See C. suringarii zacate in Mexico: patadegallo, patodegallo mexicano, tupikua, in English:Mexican windmillgrass méxicana dehistorianatural] triangulatus 8(3): 352.1908, 1896 and macearum C. transiens in English: Texas windmillgrass, Texas windmillgrass of the Torrey BotanicalClub Bulletin ofthe Torrey BotanicalClub in sandytoloamsoils,coastalprairiegrasslands,see U.S., Texas. Rarevulnerableendangeredspecies,growing leaf Cilley Nealley, 1846-1896) Resultati Scienti Nomenclator Botanicus Petropoli 1824, C. texensis in India:kagya,morbhaga ghas Botanico diRoma Boissier … Florae Abyssinicae Vegetabilium, editiodecimasexta Flora Indica:orDescriptions … grass, see spikes solitaryorinpairs,3-to5- India. Erect,decumbent,smooth,leaves smoothandsoft, icus. Editiosecunda 614. 1817, Africa. See C. triangulata Somalia Italiana zengeschichte undP era etspeciesplantarum et SpeciesPlantarum found incultivated areas,alongroadsides,see and unequal,fertilelemmawithmucroorawnlet, forage, blades linear, subverticillate racemes,glumeslanceolate slightly in nodes geniculateandrooting,leaves glabrous,leafsheaths lata (Hochst.ex A. Rich.)Hochst.ex Schumach.; 2: App. 2:97.1894,

J. Königex Roxb. ( ﬂ Hortus Bengalensis,oracatalogue … Annuario delRealeIstitutoBotanicodiRoma Nash( Hochst.ex A. Rich.; 1:206-207.1854, ated andkeeled, liguleashortmembrane,leaf Tetrapogon tenellus var. var. De Graminibus uni

Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P Pilg. (

Hitchc.

Hochst. ex A. Rich.( 1:186.1916. fi Grass. Saudi Arabia sericatus Symbolae Antillarum Révision desGraminées Chloris nealleyi ci dellaMissioneStefanini-Paoli nella 6:171,t.15.1896, Schoenefeldia transiens 2:313.1841, fl 1:167-168,pl.50.1815[1816], (Hochst.ex A. Rich.)Schweinf.; anzengeographie var. var. 2: 409.1850, 1:353.1840, (Hochst.ex A. Rich.)Hochst.; 4.1816, (Hochst.ex A. Rich.)Hochst.ex Chiov.) agowensis 25:435.1898. Chloris tenella 1:345.1870. Annuario delRealeIstituto (J.Königex Roxb.) Chiov.; fl Ctenium indicum Nash)(namedforGreen- oris etsesqui Synopsis PlantarumGlu- 1:274.1825, Systema Vegetabilium Naturaleza [Sociedad 1: 330.1820, Lepidopironia triangu- 23:151.1896, fl owered, goodfodder Bulletin del’Herbier Chiov.; 302. 1989. Nomenclator Botan- 51(3-4):418.1914, 7:167.1912. Fl. Br. Ind. (Pilg.)Chiov.) Roxb.; 1:88.1829, Nova Genera Tetrapogon fl Tentamen oris 82. 1814, Spreng.; Systema 7:291. Bulletin Chloris Tetra- 232. Gen- fl Tet- Tet- 485 an- 2: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC triangularis pogon tenellus 486 short andbranchedstolons,leaves brous, formingcompacttufts,sometimesstoloniferouswith unbranched, leafy, coarse,obliqueorerect,slender, gla- Australia. Annual orperennial,small,usually simpleor Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia, Western viata megastachya 1811, clopédie Méthodique. Botanique …Supplément C. truncata Reale IstitutoBotanicodiRoma l’Herbier Boissier Tentamen Florae Abyssinicae … Africa. See angulatus see river settings,onplains, grayclays,onredorblackearths, obtuse, dullgreenbasalleaves, in mill grass,creepingwindmill Australian in English:stargrass, umbrellagrass,umberallawind- Naturforschenden Gesellschaft inZürich spreading toerect,leaves closetothe ground,in tufts, stemsvariable but usuallybranched,prostrateor Perennial, dullgreen,stoloniferous,formingspreading Queensland, Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia. C. ventricosa ventricosa stony orsandyground, disturbedplaces,inopen glett, grows onheavy claysoils,wasteland, inpastures, scaping, provides excellent habitatfortheCommonFro- scalded areas,suitableforrehabilitation,usefulland- tisation inanimals,acolonizerofsomeerodedsoilsand plant, ingestionofthisplantissaidtoproducephotosensi- decorative whenin value, readilygrazablewhenyoung,unpalatablewithage, apex truncate,longand roughenedawns, moderatefodder lemmas cartilaginous,fertilelemmanarrow-elliptic with fl tant, arranged like thevanes ofawindmill,spikelets ratherdis- itate andspreadinghorizontallywhenin branched, racemeswidelyspreadingatmaturity, spikes dig- spicate andspreadinglike awindmill, spikes on goodsoil,see tal, very hardy, attractive anddecorative, grows inwoodland able forrevegetation andpasture,cultivated asanornamen- blunt, awns glabrous,calluspubescent,pioneergrass, suit- shortly awned, 2or3 digitate, spikelets closelypacked alongthebranchesand 1810, oret empty, glumesunequal withorwithoutashortpoint, Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae fl Thell.) Journal ofanExpeditioninto theInteriorof Tropical orets oftenblacktobrightpurplewhenmature,upper Mantissa (Hochst.ex A. Rich.)Schweinf.) var. var. (Hochst.ex A. Rich.)Hochst.; Flora Indica;orDescriptions… Schrad.ex Schult.; R.Br. ( R.Br. ( (J.Königex Roxb.) Chiov.; tenuis 2:340.1824and Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae 2: App. 2:97.1894and fl Benth.) fl orets, glumesscarious,upperlemma ower, cultivated asan ornamental Chloris sclerantha Chloris elongata 8(3):352.1908. Chloris truncata 2: 409.1850, fl fl Vierteljahrsschrift der at orfoldedwithapex orescence spicateand 64:706.1919. 186.1810, Lindl.; Poir.; Tetrapogon tri- fl Annuario del 1: 330.1820, ower, spikes fl Tetrapogon fl fi Bulletin de exible and orescence fi ngergrass f. 2:236. elds and Chloris Chloris abbre- Ency- 186. (Retz.) Trin.; Eutriana curtipendula P. Durand,nom.illeg., non hart, of Turkestan andEastern Asia (1876-1888); seeJ.H.Barn- 1875 appointedDistrictPhysician atKuldja inIli,explorer oldest sonofEdward August von Regel (1815-1892),in [Johann] Albert von Regel, 1845-1908,botanist,traveler, possibly namedfortheSwiss-born Russianphysician dochloa virgata virgata Hack. ex Hook.f.; (Michx.) Raspail; grass, low, insmalltufts,blue-green,erect,strongly North America, U.S.,New Mexico, Texas. Perennialbunch- fl blades narrow andfolded,leafsheathscompressedvery lower nodes,smallfringedligule,auriclesabsent,leaf tened stemsusuallybranchedatthebaseandrooting sand andgravelly soils,old alternate andawned, pooreconomicvalue, grows inheavy banks, indeveloped landandsuccessional disturbed ground,onroadsides,lawns, onthesandyriver- tracks, ondisturbedrocky sites,dryprairiesandplains, (Michx.) Torr.; curtipendulus curtipendulum C. virgata windmill grass in English:tumblewindmillgrass,windmillgrass, of the Torrey BotanicalClub tulata United StatesNationalHerbarium Zeitung. Berlin 5: 150.1835, actions ofthe American PhilosophicalSociety, new series, pressa Andersson; decora iensis Nees ex Steudel; multiradiata Domin; (Vahl) Pers.; penicillata C. verticillata tralian windmillgrass,tallchloris in English: Australian weepinggrass,windmill grass, Aus- tion … illeg., non scens Australia dactyla at, in Biographical notesuponbotanists Torr.; Lag.; Steud.; (Neesex Steudel)Benth.; var. var. fl DC.; subsp. 7: 613.1878. orescence windmill-like andterminal,spikelets Chloris gracilis 31.London1848, Swartz ( Jan. ex Trin., nom.illeg., non Chloris penicillata Chloris rogeoni Chloris caudata elegans Chloris curtipendula Chloris albertii Hochst.; (Michx.)E.Fourn.; Nutt. Chloris meccana Chloris penicillata Rabdochloa virgata multiradiata Pacif. Railr. Rep. 19(46):341.1861, Chloris alba (Michx.) Spreng.ex Steud.; (Sw.) P. Beauv.) ( Chloris elegans Dinebra curtipendula Chloris tibestica Agrostomia barbata (Kunth) Stapf; (Michx.) Trin.; Chloris notocoma P. Durand; (Hochst.)Chiov.; fi Flora Australiensis:Descrip- A J. Presl; A. Chev.; 25:439.1898. Trin. ex Bunge; elds, waste places,onrailroad Chloris virgata Regel; (Vahl) Pers.; Hochst. ex Steud.; 2:176.1855, Kunth; 2(3):528.1894, Willd. ex Steud.,nom. Quézel; Michx.; Chlorisbrachystachys Bouteloua curtipendula (Sw.) P. Beauv.; Contributions from the Chloris albertii Cynodon curtipendula Chloris alba Chloris madagascar- Chloris barbata Chloris tetrastachys Lepeocercis serrata . 3:138.1965;Emil (Michx.)P. Beauv.; Cerv.; Chloris penicillata Chloris O. Swartz Chloris gabrielae Hochst.; Chlorisdecora fi Chloris virgata eld, see Sw.; Chloris pube- Chloris poly- Chloris com- Atheropogon Andropogon Botanische var. var. Bulletin Chloris Chloris Chloris Trans- Rhab- Regel aris- var. fl at- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC in China Bretschneider, Chloris O. Swartz ligule aninconspicuousshortmembrane,sheathsin much-branched andsoft-stemmed,shallow rootsystem, bent, oftenoroccasionallyrootingfromthelower nodes, or rarelyslightlystoloniferous,open-tufted,oftendecum- ascending toerectorgeniculate,spreading,clumped,tufted Tropics. Annual orshort-lived perennial,variable, weak, burgh 1970) ond, Cambridge, Mass.1917-1933;I.C.HedgeandJ.M.Lam- library ofthe Arnold Arboretum ofHarvard University and 2- spikelets pubescenttofeathery, spikelets denselycrowded in and keeled, leafbladesvery acutetoacuminateandhispid, rain, drytidalmud denuded rangeland,foundinareaswherewater liesafter bacterial infection,pioneergrassusedforreseeding colds andrheumatisms,leaves appliedonwound toprevent fl young, weedspecies,usuallywillnotsurvive prolonged and cattle,valuable asforage,palatablegrazingwhen palatability, native pasturespecies,goodfodderforhorses growing, seedseasilytransportedbywindandwater, low the lemmatips,2lodicules,3stamens,acover plantrapidly slightly gibbous,secondlemmatruncate,tuftofhairson cartilaginous, fertilelemmaentireornotchedkeels and reducedtoalemma,2awns, glumeslanceolate,lemmas Speciebus atura y Artes 1789, banks ofwater courses,see soil, inditchalonghighway, alongroadsidesandcreeks, habitats, blackcrackingclays,heavy soils,shallow gravelly area, along roads, cultivated anddisturbedareas,agricultural in salineareas,edgesofthedesert,disturbedsitesalong disturbed soil,sandyplaces,very dryareas,inpuresand, coast, desertwashes andswales, onbarecompactedand hind dunes,desertsteppe,ingardens, grasslands,along botanici monspeliensis 84, 98,158,160,176.1812, ali-Americana noissance Editio secunda quas inChinaBoreali Haenkeanae tarum Glumacearum of theRedRiverLouisiana ences Naturelles (Paris) fl Agrostographiae Plantarum oris etsesqui ooding, adecoctionoftheplantorrootsusedfor fl orescence digitateanderect,ripespikelets black,soft Index ofCollectors intheEdinburgh Herbarium Flora IndiaeOccidentalis fl owered, lower . Leipzig1981;E.M. Tucker, 153.1848, 10.1808, 1:166-167,t.49.1815[1816], fi 1(4-5):289.1830, eld margins, grasssteppe,waste places,open 2(4):143.1805, 1:59.1803, fl History ofEuropean BotanicalDiscoveries 1: 90,353.1840, oris 161,203,t.18.1820, fl 231.Petropoli1824, ats, tropicallowland, tropicalcoasts, Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie 1:205-206.1854, Niger Flora 70.1833, 94.1813, fl oret fertile,upper Observationes Botanicae Variedades deCiencias,Liter- 5:303.1825, 300.1853, Catalogus plantarumhorti 1:203.1797, Notes ofaMilitaryRecon- De Quibusdam Chloridis Nova Genera etSpecies Nomenclator Botanicus. 566.1849, Enumeratio Plantarum, De Graminibus uni- Catalogue ofthe Annales desSci- Flora fl Synopsis Plan- oret imperfect Fundamenta Flora Bore- Exploration Reliquiae 38:204. . Edin- 5:21. fl ated . Flora… Australiensis:Description A [Sociedad méxicanadehistorianatural] fi feathertop Rhodesgrass,featheryfeather chloris, showy chloris,featheredfeathertopRhodes, windmill grass,feathertop,feathertopchloris,feather-top in English:windmillgrass,feathershowy Nord Bulletin delaSociétéd’Histoire Naturelle del’Afriquedu appliquée etd’agriculture tropicale Beihefte Repertorium SpecierumNovarum Regni Vegetabilis, 8(1): 54.1903, 7: 642.1900, The Flora ofBritishIndia Horti Petrop. ris verticillata C. in Upper Volta: garbere lehola-la-dipere (Sotho);umadolwana (Xhosa) pluimchloris, wollerigegras; amafusine(Zulu);sehabane, paardgras, perdegras, witgras, soetgras,spinnekopgras, wit- quirlgras, klossiesgras,klossiegras, kwasgras, oulandegras, in Southern Africa: blougras,hooigras,katstertgras,vley- in S.Rhodesia: Wuwu in Somalia:ausdug,agar garago, tasbatn-ejemar, toesbatnajemâr in Niger:asghal,azghal,buta’n kurégé,gabarédilabé, in Madagascar: antocazo,antokazo cola dezorra,zacatelagunero,mota,motilla motita, paraguitas,patadegallo, verdillo plumerito,zacate cebadilla, coladezorra,huak-top’suuk, meex-mascual, in Mexico: barbadechivo, barbadeindio,barbas zacate in Spanish:verdillo plumerito, zacatepluma,mota, agas, gudihullu,pandhad,phundna in India:bhothiajara,chotasailria,ganjali hullu,gharani- blackseed, blackseedgrass,bluewhitegrass old land’s grass,sweethayhaygrass, ( 528. 1894, tributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 1855, Society, new series, conditions, see ing onsandysites,disturbedsitesindriersoil North America, U.S., Texas. Perennial,goodforage,grow- ticillata 439. 1898and che Reisenach Mossambique… 1855, Chloris brevispica ngergrass, feather x subdolichostachya 48:84.1957. Pacif. Railr. Rep. Botanische Zeitung. Berlin var. var. 40:262.1931, Bulletin ofthe Torrey BotanicalClub intermedia 7:650.1881, Annuario delRealeIstitutoBotanicodiRoma var. var. Transactions ofthe American Philosophical Bibliotheca Botanica Phytologia Nash; aristulata 5:150.1835, fi nger grass,woolly-top, oldlandgrass, 4:155.1857,

Vasey) Müll. Hal.[ Revue internationaledebotanique 7:291.1896and Chloris latisquamea Mexicanas Plantas 37(4):317-407.1977, Torr. & A. Gray; 19(46):341.1861, Pacif. Railr. Rep. 556. 1864, cucullata 14(150):127.1934, 85:368,f.83.1915, Naturwissenschaftli- 7: 613.1878, 1:346.1870, Flora Capensis x 2:138.1886, Nash; Chloris ver- verticillata Naturaleza 25:438- 2:176. Chlo- 2(3): Con- Acta 487 Las ] Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Africa. C. cryptacanthum Species cryptacanthum open habitats,dryareas,bushland, type winged, paleapresent,3stamens,ovary glabrous,2stigmas, 2 glumesunequaltovery unequal,lower lemmalaterally tough, spikelets subtendedbyaspiny elongated involucre, Journal oftheLinneanSociety, Botany iedades deCiencias,Literatura y Artes membrane, plantsbisexual, in annual, herbaceous,auriclesabsent,liguleanunfringed One species, Tanzania. Panicoideae, Panicodae, Paniceae, “a covering, hood.” era etSpeciesPlantarumseuProdromus Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Chloridinae,see Chloris Kuntze, and From theGreek Chloropsis Kuntze Greek Fisch. ex Regel, Chloroides Regel From theGreek Chlorocalymma W.D.Clayton in Mexico: verdillo norteño millgrass, shortspiked windmillgrass,Nashwindmillgrass in English:short-spike windmillgrass,shortspike wind- 336-338. 1993. Gramíneas deMéxico 488 era etSpeciesPlantarum seuProdromus Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,Chloridinae,see Chloris 2001. States NationalHerbarium de Bolivia Sudamérica.” Eustachys 289. 1994, A.M. Molina,“Revisión taxonómicadelgénero [St. Petersburg] Philomatique deParis veau BulletindesSciences,publiéparlaSociété opsis chloroeides . . “aspect,appearance,resemblance,” resembling Desv. (Poaceae:Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae)de Trichloris 353-355.1998, Candollea Clayton,see 28.1863and chloros chloros “ofagreenishappearance,” resembling Clayton Eustachys E.Fourn. ex Benth. 2:1-344.1987, = 2:188-189.1810, “green,palegreen,yellow-green” “green,palegreen”and 51(1):225-272.1996, = Chloris 41:39-52,117-118,222-223. Contributions from theUnited Chloropsis Kew Bulletin Flora Mesoamericana ﬂ orescence spicate,rhachis Desv. Sw., 19:102.1881, 1,25.1788, Phytologia 2(4):143.1805, 1,25.1788, Hack.ex 24:461.1970. Chloroides Chlorocalymma Index Seminum Nova Gen- Nova Gen- Gramíneas kalymma 6:288- 74(4): Mex- Nou- Var-

barium 1999, Bull. ilien 1973, Botanica Flora Mediterranea Sul de Biociências,Universidade Federal doRioGrande do analysis ofthe 1997, National Herbarium 105-106. 2001, Mesoamericana Department of Agriculture) 1891 and icanas Plantas letin: Biological Series 4: 88,103.1927, wasser-Flora Deutschlands, Österreichs undderSchweiz Ra Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,Chloridinae,seeC.S. Referring to Chlorostis Raf. and From theGreek Chondrochlaena Kuntze Veterinaria 13(10): 53.1913, för BotanikutgivetavK.Svenska Vetenskapsakademien 1854, Plantarum Philomatique deParis 1753, Greek Chascolytrum Chondrachyrum Nees ex Lindl., [1814], 449. 1836, Nees ex Steud.,see Pooideae, Poeae,Brizinae,type husk.” 52, 222-223.2001. tions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium fi 41:1-191.1987, nesque (1783-1840), chlaena 2(2):59.1887, 772:190.1920, Adolf Pascher (1881-1945), Willdenowia Nouveau BulletindesSciences,publiéparlaSociété Cladistics Genera Plantarum Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- 48:146-151,233-234.2003. chondros Flora Telluriana 137:1-42.1999, 1:164.1815[1816], 3:120.1920, Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Division ofBotany, Circular (UnitedStates , Prionanthium Chloris chlaenion 2:142.1886, Briza chondros 14:287-296.1998[N.D.Bayón,Cladistic “cartilage,gristle”and Desv. 6: 287-289.1994, Contributions from theUnitedStates Brigham Young University ScienceBul- , Beih.8:77.1975, Revista delaFacultad de Agronomia y 5:340-345.1995, = Sw. 41:39-52,222-223.2001. Complex (Poaceae,Poeae).], Species Plantarum Revisio GenerumPlantarum 2:190.1810, Flora Mesoamericana “cloak.” Chloris . 1:84.1836[1837]and 3(2):1194-1195.1883and “cartilage,lump,groatsofwheat” Feddes Repertorium Princ. Fond. Somiol. 19(2):1-133.1974, 32:7.1901, Chlorocalymma W.D. Clayton Die Natürlichen P = Desv. Lagascalia A Natural SystemofBotany = Briza Sw. Chondrachyrum scabrum Prionachne Nova Genera etSpecies Flora ofEcuador Boletim doInstituto L., Bothalia 1:66-67,70-71. 21(1):235-240. U.S. Dept. Agric. achyron 6: 229.1994, 84(7-8):541. 26,29.1813 1:276,288. fl 27:75-82. anzenfam- Contribu- Nees Die Süss- 41:39- 2:771. “chaff, Opera Flora Arkiv 68: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Lag., 41: 20-33.2001. Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 1996, Mesoamericana [1980], the MissouriBotanicalGarden 1870, Naturaleza [Sociedadméxicana dehistorianatural] of theNorthernUnitedStates. icus. Editiosecunda Systema Vegetabilium publié parlaSociétéPhilomatiquedeParis 83-84. 1753,C.S.Ra Pooideae, Triticeae, Hordeinae,see Sitanion Chretomeris Nutt.exJ.G. Sm. Artes Durand) Desv., see Bouteloua lemmas sterile,openhabitats,plains,oftenincludedin lemma keeled and3-awned, lower lemmafertile,upper compressed with1-2sterile perennial, caespitose,leafbladeslinear, spikelets laterally Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,Boutelouinae,annualor About 14speciesor0,Canadato Argentina, U.S.,Mexico. Greek Roem. &Schult., Chondrosum Desv. Greek Chondrolaena Nees Chondrolaena Nees chlaena Lindl., genus graphicae 447. 1836, 3. 1831, d’Agriculture, Scienceset Arts d’Angers Arundinoideae, Danthonieae,see “a cloak,mantle.” 292. 1994. 143-153. 1988, 1949, 20, t.3.1899andE.D.Merrill, States Departmentof Agriculture 3(2): 1207.1883, Annals ofNatural History Chimie, d’Histoire Naturelle etdes Arts 2(4,21):134.1805, Genera Plantarum Prionanthium Aliso Canad. J. Bot. chondros Erucaria chondros , Prionanthium An Introduction totheNatural SystemofBotany chlaenion, laina Kew Bulletin Raf. 1:133.1841andG.Davidse, “A revision ofthe asasubgenus,type Florae AfricaeAustraliorisMono- Illustrationes 17(2):99-130.1998, “cartilage,wheat,grainofwheat.” 6:292-293,296.1994, South African Journal ofBotany “cartilage,lump,groatsofwheat”and Cerv. Bulletin, Divisionof Agrostology United 1:108.1840, (Poaceae: Arundineae).” Variedades deCiencias,Literatura y 2:22,417.1817, Antichloa 42:554.1964,M.E.Barkworth & fi nesque, 37(3):417-420.1982, = “cloak,blanket,” Latin Desv. 3(2):1168.1883and 1:284.1838, = Nouveau BulletindesSciences, Prionachne Actinochloa Chondrosum procumbens fl second edition553.1856, orets, glumeslanceolate, 18:10,12-13,15,17,19- Journal dePhysique, de Steud., Index ra 66(3):348-416.1979 Mémoires delaSociété A ManualoftheBotany Aliso Species Plantarum Nomenclator Botan- = 1:168-169,t.7,f. Genera Plantarum 18:61-65.1999, Sida 89:103.1819, fi Bouteloua Willd.ex Elymus nesquianus Nees ex 2:188.1810, 17:111-114. Bothalia Annals of 60:285- laena, ae 1:347. L, Flora 76. 18:

(P. 1: From theGreek Chrysochloa Swallen in cles absent,liguleafringedmembrane,plantsbisexual, caespitose, stoloniferous,leafy, leaves mainlybasal,auri- odonteae, annualorperennial,unarmed,tufted,herbaceous, About 4-5species,tropical Africa. Chloridoideae, Cyn- by Dr. F. Welwitsch in1853-61 logged soils,see ally stamens, ovary glabrous, 2stigmas,openhabitats,season- shortly awned, paleapresent, 2freeand glume deciduousandkeeled, fertilelemmamucronateor fl or digitate,spikelets imbricatecompressed,2 ican Journal ofBotany Miscellaneous InformationKew bard; C. hindsii Species ings oftheBiological Societyof Washington C. lucida 22: 71.1952. See Tropical Africa. C. hubbardiana in Upper Volta: petrepinragha Kew Bulletin see Tropical Africa. Annual, stoloniferous,caespitose,variable, C. subaequigluma Washington 1934: 117.1934, Tanzania. See C.E. Hubb.) C. orientalis of Washington 20: 118,f.1.1933, See Tropical Africa,Angola. Bulletin ofMiscellaneousInformation Kew lected byDr. F. Welwitsch in1853-61 See Tropical Africa. gluma Triticeae ofNorth America: identi D.R. Dewey, “Genomicallybasedgenerainthe perennial ship.” 1992, United StatesNationalHerbarium oret maleorsterile,2glumesmorelessequal,upper fl orescence spicatedigitateorsubdigitate,racemessingle Kew Bulletin fl ooded places,lowlands, dampsites,seasonallywater- Chrysochloa caespitosa Rendle) Amer. J. Bot. Taxon (Swallen) Swallen ( C.E.Hubbard( 54:44.1941. (C.E.Hubbard)Swallen ( 44:611-612.1995, 14:239.1960. 54:44.1941. Bulletin ofMiscellaneousInformationKew Germain&Risopoulos chrysos 4:349.1949, Catalogue ofthe African PlantsCollected Proceedings oftheBiological Societyof (Rendle)Swallen ( 72: 767-776.1985, Proceedings oftheBiological Society Bulletin duJardin Botaniquedel’État Catalogue ofthe African PlantsCol- “gold”and 20:118,f.1.1933, Chrysochloa annua = Clayton) American Journal ofBotany Bracteola lucida 2(1):222.1899and Bracteola 1934:117.1934, Kew Bulletin 48:279-307.2003. Contributions from the fi chloe, chloa cation andmember- 2(1):222.1899and Bracteola orientalis Taxon Chloris subaequi- fl eshy lodicules,3 Swallen 54:44.1941. 12:59.1957, 41:562-563. fl 1934:117. Swallen) orets, upper C.E.Hub- Bulletin of “grass.” Proceed- Amer- 489 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC From theGreek Chrysopogon Trin. 54: 44.1941. 1934, 490 Mandelorna plants bisexual, in ciliate rim,rhizomatousorstoloniferous,deep-rooting, narrow, auriclesabsent, liguleafringedmembraneor often harshandglaucousinabasaltussock,leafblades slightly bent,mostlytufted,solidculminternodes,leaves herbaceous, usuallyunbranched,sometimesdecumbentor coideae, Andropogoneae, Sorghinae, annualorperennial, Pani- or pogonodae, Andropogoneae,Andropogoninae, regions, mainlyin Asia and Australia. Panicoideae, Andro- About 25-45species,tropicalandsubtropical,warm 1820. Trin., 1844), hairs ofsomespecies;seeCarlBernhardvon Trinius (1778- ring tothecolorofawns ortothegoldenbrown callus Chalcoelytrum back, upperglumeoftenawned, lower the spikelets, lower glumecartilaginousandroundedonthe pressed dorsally, tuftof longhairsonthebranchesbelow pressed laterally, male spikelets oftenpurplishandcom- spikelets developed orrudimentary, fertilespikelets com- spikelets, 1sessileawned spikelet and2pedicelledunawned 1 sessilebisexual spikelet and2pedicellatemaleorsterile in pairs,spikelets attheendsofbranchespanicle, form usuallywithterminaltriadsofspikelets orspikelets itats, poorsoilsorsubdesert,rainforest, fi and heavy grazing,native pasturespecies,lawns, playing pressed, cultivated fodder, weedspeciesresistanttodrought anthers yellow, ovary glabrous,fruityellow andcom- absent, 2glabrouslodiculesfreeand lemma hyaline often2-toothedandawned, paleapresentor 1753, gon gryllus humid tropics,intergrades with Midland Naturalist Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Cochinchinensis Natürlichen P 1960, Botanique Systématiquedel’Université deGenève oires duConservatoire deBotaniqueetl’Institut Française d’AfriqueNoire ogy and Genetics Soc. Philom.Paris Fundamenta Agrostographiae elds, commonindisturbedground,heavy soils,openhab- Folia Primatologica Proceedings oftheBiological Societyof Washington Species Plantarum Rhaphis Fundamenta Agrostographiae (L.) Trin., see fl Steud., anzenfamilien 538,552.1790, chrysos Lour., 20:205-206.1985, Lunell, fl 1822:43.1822, 4:212.1915, orescence looselypaniculateand “gold”and Pollinia = 15:1-35.1971, Trianthium 22:106.1960, Species Plantarum 2:1045,1047.1753, Lenormandia Centrophorum 2(2):28.1887and 187-188.1820, Vetiveria Spreng., Pl. Pugill. 1: 359.1854[1855], pogon Bulletin del’Institut Flora . 187. Viennae (Jan) fl Journal ofCytology Desv. oret reduced,upper fl fl oodplains, desert, , type eshy, stamens3, Journal ofCytol- “abeard,” refer- Boissiera. Mém- 33:229.1850, Steud., 2:10.1815, 1:61-63,82. Pollinia Trin., Chrysopo- Bull. Sci. American 9:291. Flora

Die ﬁ li- C. aciculatus Species Br.; Andropogon gryllus pogon aciculatus Andropogon acicularis Rhaphis acicularis Andropogon Steud.; Rhaphis gryllus pogon trivialis Centrophorum chinense phis aciculatus phis aciculatus var. Chrysopogon acicularis Rhaphis Chrysopogon subulatus when infruit, shortly membranous,erect auricles present,sheathsstriate,liguleashallow rimor short turf,woody creepingrhizome,leaves mostlybasal, or erectfromadecumbentbase,nodalrooting,forming creeping, prostrateandmat-forming,spreading,ascending solid, glabrous,oftenbranching,stoloniferous,extensively Philippines, Nepal.Perennial,terrestrial,variable, vigorous, Tropics, Southeast Asia, China,India,Japan,Indonesia, highly palatable,naturalized, ornamental, lawns andplaying ﬂ useful foddergrass,cultivated, foragetoworthless asforage brushes, canstandheavy grazing,fairly drought-tolerant, mats, culmswoven intocigarette-cases and usedtomake pest, aweedofteainIndia,straw usedformakinghats and aggressive andnoxiousweedspecies,aseriouspersistent callus, diasporesadheretoclothingandhairvery readily, seeds causeextensive ulceration,ripefruitswithsharpbasal palea hyaline andoblong-acute,stamens3,sharp-pointed lets, lower bisexual spikelet, uppermalespikelets, 2glumes, cle, 1sessileawned spikelet and2pedicelledawnless spike- of spikelets, pedicellatespikelets purple,erectnaked pedun- panicles reddishpurplewithseveral slenderbranches,triad Aug 2003. Botanical Journal oftheLinneanSociety species from Africa and Australia.” (Poaceae) in Thailand andMalesia withnotesonsomeother of genus 545. 2003,FedericoSelviandMassimoBigazzi,“Revision Herbarium 533. 1999, revision of Botanical Garden Mesoamericana and Genetics owering culmsandspikelets have low palatability, leaves Holcus gryllus longifolius

Rhaphis javanica zizanioides Anchusa 46:151,156,159-161,283,285,541-542,544- Contributions from theUnitedStatesNational

Chrysopogon subulatus (Retz.) Trin. ( Arn. &Nees; (Retz.)Honda; (Retz.)Desv., alsospelled 25:140-143,322-323.1990, Büse; fl 6:383.1994, (L.) Trin.; Retzius; orescence arigidanderectpanicle,small 81(4):775-783.1994,J.F. Veldkamp, “A (Boraginaceae-Boragineae)inGreece.” (L.)R.Br.; (Retz.ex Roem.&Schult.) Desv.; var. var. L.; J.Presl; Retz.ex Roem.&Schult.; (J.Presl) Trin. ex Steud.; Trin.; Duthie; Chrysopogon gryllus aciculatus Nees; Andropogon javanicus Trin. including Andropogon aciculatus Andropogon acicularis fl Holcus aciculatus Rhaphis javanica Pollinia gryllus Chloris gryllus Apluda gryllus owering culmunpalatable Rhaphis gryllus Annals oftheMissouri Chrysopogon aciculatus Rhaphis trivialis Austrobaileya (Retz.)Roberty) Chrysopogon Trin.Chrysopogon 142(4):431-454, aciculata Vetiveria (L.)C.Presl; (L.)Spreng.; (L.)Honck.; (L.) Trin.; (L.)Desv.; (Retz.)R. Neesex 5(3): 503- Steud.; Chryso- Willd.; Willd.; Lour.; Andro- ; Flora Bory Rha- Rha- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC see Vetiveria neutral soils,heavy soil,rangelands,intergrades with soils, pastures,overgrazed soil,humidtropics,sandyloams, areas, commononabandonedcultivations onpoorsandy ground, prefersmoistsoils,openareas,rocky slopes,waste responds toburning, avigorouscoloniserofdenuded embankments, withstandstramplingandpoorsoils, fi Trin.Chrysopogon Species Plantarum.Editioquarta 2: 553.1790, Florae Novae Hollandiae 4: 332.1759, Magazine Cognitarum Pugillus Grasses ofCeylon 1931, 22. 1883and List oftheGrasses ofN.W. India,Indigenous andCultivated 1960, in Paci in Micronesia:rehtakai in Hawaii: manienie‘ula,pi’pi’i,pilipilipilipiliula in French:herbeplate,àpiquant,chiendentgrenille in Spanish:amorseco Harcourt grass seedy grass,Mackie’s pest,smallneedledgoldbeard,Port spear grass,love grass,love torn,grassseed,seedgrass, in English:goldenbeardgrass,false beardgrass, 510. 1999. 1: 360,396.1854, Central Africa 1820, Gramineae Siculae Cur. 1841, huhnianae and Kew Garden Miscellany Botanicus. Editiosecunda Sciences et Arts d’Angers 1(4-5): 341.1830, kini, shuntnee,sikola, surwala lampa, puttligaddi, sans,senra,shankapushpichettu,shun- katle gaddi, kava, kawa, keshinee, kheti,kudirapullu, pushpi, chorkanta,ganji garike hullu,kaeshini, katlechettu, in India:chorakanta,chorakanta, chorapushpee,chora- in Japan:Okinawa-michishiba in China:jigucao traëy in Cambodia:smaokantroeng,kantreill,smaukân- in New Guinea:knalbru elds, soilbinder, erosioncontrol,usefulforstabilizing Centuria II.Plantarum… 19 (Suppl.1):182.1843, Narrative of Travels andDiscoveries inNorthernand Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Bot. Macaronesica fi Petite Flore del’Ouest-Africain c: mosie Bory, taxonomyofthegenusremainsconfused, (Tokyo) 40:103.1926, 3:361.1854, Synopsis PlantarumGermaniae Obs. Bot. Appendix: 244.1826, Handb. Fl.Ceylon fi 186.1956, si 55.1820, Genera Plantarum Mémoires delaSociétéd’Agriculture, 5:22.1789, Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum 2:10.1815, 6:64.1980, 1:172-173.1831, 199.1810, 1:360.1840, 2:99.1850, Fund. Agrost. 2:33.1756, Hooker’s Journal ofBotany Grasses ofBurma 4:906.1806, Handb. Fl.Ceylon 5:234.1900, Flora Cochinchinensis Reliquiae Haenkeanae 3(2):1127.1883, Austrobaileya Plantarum Minus 403-404.1954, Cyperaceae et Gramineae 106,188,t.5. Plantae Jung- Amoen. Acad. 1:437.1792, Nomenclator Prodromus Botanical …115. 6:333. 5(3): 50. A Vetiveria elongata (R. Br.) Chase; C. elongatus Holtt., see (Hook.f.) Veldk.and groups, onsandysoil,similarto Celebes. Perennial,obtuseandhairycallus,4-7spikelet C. Br.) Spreng.; tenuiculmis East Borneo.Perennial,very similarto C. borneensis in Niger:akarasha,kébulu, kéwulu,taghatemt,toeghatimt Flora ofIran [Parsa] 1: 391.1854, groups perbranch,see Mauritius, Rodrigues.Pungentandhairycallus,1-6spikelet Hubb.) C. aucheri of MiscellaneousInformationKew Chrysopogon fulvus Information Kew gon serrulatus Chrysopogon montanus Chrysopogon ciliolatus Flora Orientalis Diagnoses plantarumorientaliumnovarum Mathématiques, PhysiquesetNaturelles des SciencesdeSaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. Sciences mainly inSomalia,see rocky hills,costal,grassland, very rareinEast Africa, celled spikelet glabrous,foundindesertandsemidesert, spikelet dispersaloccursprimarilybywind,awn ofpedi- ally 1-awned, upperglume andupperlemmashortlyawned, sessile spikelet elliptictooblong,pedicelledspikelets usu- pubescent andglaucous,panicleovate, atripletspikelet, densely tufted,basalsheathsoftensilky-villous, leaves Eastern Arabia, Iran,Pakistan, India.Perennial,slender, ex B.D.Jacks.; Nees ex Steud.; C. argutus in Vietnam: comay, co’ may, co’ bông,bongco klon, yaakon, yaanamluek,nokkhum khee khrok,yakhitroei,yaatroei,khikhrok, in Thailand: yachaochu,yaa chaochuu,yaakatroei, in SriLanka:ottupul,tuttiri grot, tinloi dalukduk, lakut-lapas,marisekos, mariskos, pagippi,pan- in thePhilippinesIslands:amorseco,amorseko, dalekedek, in Malaysia:kemuchut, kemunchup, temuchut in Indonesia:jukutdomdoman,rumputkemuncup, salohot

celebicus (Steud.) Trin. ex Jackson( Austrobaileya Henr., see (Boiss.)Stapf( Veldk. (R.Br.) Benth. ( Index Kewensis Holcus elongatus Henr. var. var. Chrysopogon argutus 5:458.1884and 6:211.1907, Vetiveria arguta Sorghum elongatus (R.Br.) Stapfex C.E.Hubb.) aucheri var. var. 5:538.1950. Blumea Chrysopogon nemoralis Mémoires del’AcadémieImpériale var. var. Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum 5(3):511-512.1999. var. var. (Boiss.)Boiss.ex Parsa) migiurtinus migiurtinus 1:124,530.1893and Andropogon aucheri 4(3):534.1941. R.Br.; Andropogon elongatus aucheri Flora Somala Bulletin ofMiscellaneous (Neesex Steud.)C.E. 1939:654.1940. Chrysopogon lawsonii (Neesex Steud.) Trin. (R.Br.) P. Beauv.; Andropogon argutus Chiov.; (Chiov.) Chiov.; Rhaphis elongatus (Boiss.)Boiss.; 2(3):318.1832, 5:77.1844, Chrysopogon 328.1929, (Balansa) Chrysopo- Boiss.; Bulletin (R. 491 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC non L.; C. fallax in English:longgoldenbeardgrass. 5(3): 513.1999. 1851, 5): 340.1830, Novae Hollandiae Australia. Pungentandhairycallus,see 492 neous InformationKew C. fulvus trobaileya de l’InstitutFrançaise d’AfriqueNoire Bulletin ofthe Tokyo ScienceMuseum tussock, in sheath notkeeled, leaves smoothandhairyinadensebasal Territory, New South Wales. Perennial,tufted,stemserect, Northern WesternSouth Australia,Queensland, Australia, montanus Chrysopogon montanus cola Roxb.; König ex Trin., nom.illeg., non stographie branches, tall National Herbarium 7: 538-539.1878and Andropogon montanus sexta Paris by overgrazing, foundonheavy soils, and droughtresistant,adecreaserspecies,canberemoved young, anindicatorofgoodrangecondition,very hardy or lessvaluable pasturespeciesandgrass,eatenwhen slender stalks,pedicellatespikelets sterileormale,amore Roberty; ides rosus Llanos; C. in English:goldenbeardgrass Biology 1943, Roberty; Andropogon squarrosus sandy places,see grows onrice Asia tropical,India,Philippines.Perennial,unpalatable, catus McCann; (Presl) Ohwi; tiones Botanicae plains, see

festucoides auct.nonUrban; Roem.&Schult.; 1:287.1825, 1822:43.1822, Retz.; var. var. Plantae IndiaeBatavaeOrientalis University ofQueenslandPapers: Departmentof Andropogon monticola 2(3):9.1944. Chrysopogon gryllus Andropogon festucoides S.T. Blake ( Chrysopogon zizanioides Trin.; (Spreng.)Chiov. ( Vetiveria nigritana 5(3):512-513.1999. nigritanus Phalaris zizanioides 131,164,178.1812, fl Mantissa Plantarum orescence aloosepaniclewithwhorledsimple Andropogon muricatus Fragmentos de Algunas PlantasFilipinas fi fl (J.Presl) Veldkamp ( elds, swampy soils,inundatedareas, ower heads,narrow spikelets onlongand Vetiveria lawsonii Chrysopogon monticola 3:43.1783, 1:200.1810, Flora South Australia (edition2) auct.nonHack.; Flora… Australiensis:Description A 24:205.1925, Contributions from theUnitedStates Systema Vegetabilium, editiodecima Andropogon gryllus Trin.; auct.nonL.f.; 1934:444.1934, Trin. ex Spreng.; Chrysopogon zizanioides Andropogon sprengelii auct.non(Benth.)Stapf) sensuBenth.,non(L.) Trin.) Andropogon fulvus Schult.; Reliquiae Haenkeanae L.; Essai d’uneNouvelle Agro- Andropogon montanus Presl; 2:183.1771, var. var. Bull. Sci.Soc.Philom. auct.nonBlatter& Andropogon montanus Vetiveriafestucoides var. var. Bulletin ofMiscella- 18:4.1947, Andropogon zizanio- 22:106.1960, fl nigritanus Andropogon monti- Andropogon squar- Andropogon anias Andropogon muri- oodplains, inopen Prodromus Florae (Schult.)Haines; 104.1857and sensuJ.Black, aristatus Austrobaileya Chrysopogon auct.non Spreng.; Observa- Kunth; Bulletin Büse; 1:60. fl (L.) 1(4- ood- Aus- 29. J. tus gryllus pogon benthamianus Andropogon gryllus nom. illeg., non C. gryllus in SriLanka:kuruvi kusal, phulkia,sanikhidi,shilighas,sunthiakhad,thigori gorka, gorkha,guria,gurla,karehullu,karni,pandhari dhaulu, ganjigarike, ghatera,ghora,gogad, gogar, goria, in India:agiva, chalosannakanneehullu,chickua,dand, in English:redfalse beardgrass,Guriagrass … 116.1960. 333. 1931, 2: 93.1821, Neue Entdeckungen imganzenUmfangderP Plantarum MinusCognitarum Pugillus gryllus subsp. Trin.; 1914, open glades,similarto bullocks, onstony soils,alongroadsides,drysandy used asfodderwhenyoungandtender, relishedbythe upper lemmabidentate,palatable,ausefulpasturegrass, lower glumecompressedorkeeled, shortlypungentcallus, leaves mostlybasal,panicleovate, sessilespikelets oblong, shortly geniculatebase,liguleashortciliolatemembrane, branched, formingshortturf,erectorascendingfroma to denselytufted,variable, slender, cylindrical, simpleor Southeast Asia, southernIndiato Thailand. Perennial,tufted fulva dix: 244.1826, els andDiscoveries inNorthernandCentral Africa 1820, Plantarum … control, usuallyonstony soils,dryareas,see ces, usedforbrushes,goodfodder, thatchinggrass,erosion threes, sessilespikelet awned, peduncleswithbeardedapi- branches, atthetipofbranchesspikelets arein Pugillus Hollandiae 1829 and Chrysopogon monticola (Steud.) W. Watson; tarum. Editioquarta opsis PlantarumGermaniae Bot. above, in cylindrical, forminglarge densetufts,leafsheathskeeled Africa, Eurasia.Perennial,unbranchedorsimple,robust, Trin.) Schultes; (Trin.) Hack.; 5:22.1789, Spreng.) Fund. Agrost. Chrysopogon gryllus Flora Somala (L.)C.Presl; (L.)Sprengel; glabratus 2:10.1815, Rhaphis gryllus (L.) Trin. ( fl Fl. Ceylon Grasses ofCeylon 199.1810, orescence alarge paniclewithspreading Mantissa 2:33.1756, Reliquiae Haenkeanae (Trin.) Tzvelev; Flora Cochinchinensis Andropogon glabratus Andropogon royleanus 106,188,t.5.1820, L.; 4:906.1806, 1:327.1929, Cyperaceae etGramineae Siculae Andropogon glabratus 5:236.1900, Chloris gryllus 3:665.1827, Holcus gryllus Henrard; Pollinia (Roem.&Schult.)Haines; Andropogon gryllus Chrysopogon serrulatus (L.)Desv.; Plantarum MinusCognitarum Amoen. Acad. Benth.; 1:437.1792, 185.1956,

pallida Chrysopogon glabratus Prodromus Florae Novae Chrysopogon royleanus Revis. Gramin. Handb. Fl.Ceylon (L.)Honck.; (L.)R.Br.; Chrysopogon gryllus Indian For. Rhaphis gryllus (R.Br.) Roemer& 1(4-5):341.1830, Chrysopogon Trin.Chrysopogon 2:553.1790, 4:332.1759, (Brongn.)Steud.; . 2:8,10.1815, Narrative of Trav- Grasses ofBurma Steud.; subsp. (Trin.) Steud., Species Plan- ﬂ Centuria II. anzenkunde Trin.,see 40:495. Chryso- Appen- Pollinia Pollinia 1:166. glabra- Apluda (L.) Obs. Syn- 55. 6: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Oman. Vulnerable species,see C. macleishii ment ofBiology Australia, see Australia, Western Australia. Usefulforgrazingofsheepin C. latifolius in India:korpo bimbu, korpo dumbau Orissa India India, Sikkim. A goodfoddergrass,see Hook.f.) C. lancearius Bulletin Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum India, Pakistan, Nepal, Asia temperateandtropical.See Nees) echinulatus Ceylon Petite Flore del’Ouest-Africain Handb. Fl.Ceylon 5: 234.1900, ﬁ Indigenous andCultivated 3(2): 1127.1883, Glumacearum Plantae Junghuhnianae Journal ofBotanyandKew Garden Miscellany Leop.-Carol. Nat.Cur. Gramineae 1: 396-397.1854, used forthatching,see nate spikelets oblongwithanacutecallus,upperglumemucro- stiff andacuminate,panicleovate, racemeswith1-3 sessile sheaths stronglykeeled, ligulearimofhairs,leafblades Southern India,SriLanka.Perennial,tussocky, basalleaf zeylanicus C. in India:kus,sailma,salima,salum in English:Frenchwhisk Macaronesica 1832, Sciences Mathématiques,PhysiquesetNaturelles Impériale desSciencesdeSaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. bis echinulatus ( C. nodulibarbis 1. 1994. d’Angers Mémoires delaSociétéd’Agriculture, Scienceset Arts Trin.Chrysopogon Andropogon echinulatus lipes

Steud.; gryllus with ageniculateawn, pedicelledspikelets acuminate, 7(21):190.1897[1896]and (Steud.) W. Watson; Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda Pt.5:1036.1924. 186.1956, 35(3):701.1980. 1:172-173.1831, (Steud.) Thw.)

50.1841, (Boiss.)Stapf; (Neesex Steud.)Cope; S.T. Blake (L.) Trin.subsp. Andropogon zeylanicus 6:64.1980, 1:360,395-397.1854, (Hook.f.)Haines( Cope Botanical Magazine University ofQueenslandPapers: Depart- 2(3):7.1944. (Steud.) Henrard( 6:333.1931, Enum. Pl.Zeyl. A ListoftheGrasses ofN.W. India, Grasses ofBurma Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Phys.-Med. Acad. Nova Acta 19 (Suppl.1):182.1843, Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum 3:361.1854, Neesex Steud.; 22.1883and Austrobaileya Chrysopogon echinulatus Chrysopogon gryllus

echinulatus Kew Bulletin 403-404.1954, Mémoires del’Académie Blumea The BotanyofBiharand (Tokyo) 40:103.1926, 366.1864, Andropogon lancearius Andropogon nodulibar- 1:397.1854and Steud.; …115.1960, Synopsis Plantarum Rhaphis echinulata The Flora ofBritish Genera Plantarum Handb. Fl.Ceylon 5(3):510.1999. 4(3):532.1941,

49(3):533,f. (Nees) Cope Chrysopogon 1:360.1840, Chrysopogon 2:99.1850, Mon. Phan. Grasses of 2(4):318. Hooker’s subsp. var. Kew Bot. 1864 and 1: 395-397.1854, in ciliolate membrane,leaves acutetolinear-acuminate, loose branching, shortlystoloniferous,foliagebasal,liguleashort Vietnam. Perennial,tuftedtodenselytufted,creeping, Asia tropical,Southeast Asia, southernIndia, Thailand, viaristatum useful forwinderosion,toleratesheavy grazingand can becutandfedtoanimals,notsuitableforsilagemaking, lemma entirewithageniculateawn, greenforage,palatable, and withanacutepungentcallus,upperglumeobtuse, slender branches,triadofspikelets, sessilespikelet bisexual Sinensia d’Angers Mémoires delaSociétéd’Agriculture, Scienceset Arts soils, oldplantations,heavy soils,sandycoastalareas,see wightianus C. parvi in Vietnam: coìmaydông phungchu in Thailand: yaakhaoonokkhao,phungchuu,ya in Laos:hnha:zkhwa:k in Indonesia:rukutdukut,salsapot,tinloy in India:karappagaddi 34: 159-164.1985, Br.) Spreng.; Chrysopogon wightianus Chrysopogon verticillatus ianus Andropogon orientalis Ceylon Fl. Ceylon 6: 553.1889and Br.) Nees; Hochst. ex Steud.; C. orientalis in SriLanka:gavara found inopengrassland,infertilesoils, ex C. Wright; Bibliotheca Botanica Australia. See nom. illeg., non C. pauci in English:scentedgoldenbeard 1957. Africa Bothriochloa pauci parvi pauci parvi parvi fl orescence paniculate,terminalpaniclewithwhorlsof fl fl fl fl Neesex Steud.; 9:169.1917, orum orus orus orus 185.1956, fl 3:92.1932, fl 1:173.1831, orus orus Flore Générale del’Indo-Chine Roxb.; (R.Br.) Domin,nom.illeg., non (Neesex Steud.) Thwaites; Holcus parvi (Chapm.)Hack.; (Steud.)Keng; 6: 333.1931, (R.Br.) Stapf; (Desv.) A. Camus( Andropogon micranthus (R.Br.) Benth.( Chrysopogon pauci London Journal ofBotany (Chapman)Benth.ex Vasey ( Chrysopogon pauci Handb. Fl.Ceylon Grasses ofBurma Bothriochloa parvi Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylaniae Austrobaileya fl Grasses ofBurma 85(2):263.1915, ora Andropogon breviaristatus Journal of Taiwan Museum (Desv.) Druce; Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum fl (R.Br.) Quart.; (Steud.) Thwaites; Andropogon wightianus orus Blumea var. var. Rhaphis orientalis Chrysopogon parvi R.Br.) Andropogon wrightii Anatherum parvi orientalis 4:543.1941, 5(3):518.1999. fl Andropogon aristulatus orus fl orus 5: 235.1900, …119.1960. Kunth; fl …118.1960, Andropogon wight- (Chapm.)Roberty, ora Microstegium bre- (Desv.) Roberty; 2:411.1843and Flora of Tropical (Chapm.)Benth. (R.Br.) Ohwi; 7:332.1922, Capillipedium Chrysopogon Desv.) fi Andropogon Andropogon Andropogon elds, sandy Grasses of fl fl orum orus Steud.; Steud.; 10:58. Munro Handb. Taxon 366. (R. fi (R. 493 re, Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Andropogon aucheri Steud.; A. Rich.)Hack.; ex Vasey; 494 serrulatus Chrysopogon montanus Roem. &Schult.; pogon ciliolatus Aristida chrysopila C. plumulosus 23: 157.1965. Thailand. Indeterminatespecies,see C. perlaxus in English:Floridafalse beardgrass U.S., Florida. Annual, see Chapm.) Chrysopogon fulvus Chrysopogon fulvus Hook.f.; lus C. serrulatus in Somalia:daremo,dareemo in English: Aucher’s grass Bulletin Stapf var. Steud.; pauci ulus of MiscellaneousInformationKew son; increscens Monographiae Phanerogamarum Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum 5: 77.1844, 2 1:131.1840, hills, sandy andalluvialplains,wooded grassland,dryopenstony soils, overgrazed areas,rocky groundandrocky hillsides, baboons, aridanddryregions, areasoflow rainfall, alkaline value andhighlypalatable,grainsleaves eatenby seeder, excellent droughttolerance,grassofhighnutritive from theupperglumeastraightplumosebristle,poor spikelets green,sessilespikelets withageniculateawn and orange spikelets intriadsonslenderpeduncles,pedicelled fl erect orascending,low cushionsforming,basalsheaths slender andwiryculms,desertgrass,glaucous,tufted,leafy, East Africa, Somalia,western Arabia. Perennialbunchgrass, quinqueplumis queplumis queplumis attened orcompressed,panicleovate andspreading, Hack.; (Hack.)Stapf; Acacia Chrysopogon ciliolatus fl ora 1907:211.1907]. Andropogon quinqueplumis Andropogon quinqueplumis Andropogon serrulatus pulvinatus (Trin.) Stapf; (A.Rich.)Stapf; Chrysopogon wrightii Hack.; Andropogon trinii (Hochst.ex A. Rich.)Stapf; (Chapman)Nash; bushland, see Tentamen Florae Abyssinicae … Bor Trin.( A. Rich.) A. Hochst.( Diagnoses plantarumorientaliumnovarum Neesex Steud.; Andropogon monticola Chrysopogon caeruleus Andropogon quinqueplumis Steud.; Chrysopogon trinii Stapf; var. var. Boiss.var. Andropogon caeruleus var. var. Trin.; Chrysopogon montanus Andropogon aristidoides Botanical Gazette serrulatus Chrysopogon aucheri Nomenclator Botanicus Chrysopogon aucheri Chrysopogon aucheri Steud.; serrulatus (Neesex Steud.)Boiss.; Chrysopogon montanus quinqueplumis Munroex Vasey; Link; 6:561.1889and Sorghum 6:211.1907[also Andropogon monticola (Hochst.ex A. Rich.) Hochst.ex A. Rich.; (Trin.) R.R.Stewart; Andropogon trinii Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 1:397-398.1854, (Steud.) W. Watson; Andropogon tremu- (Trin.) Roberty; var. var. (Steud.) W. Wat- Steud.; 3(3):20.1878.

Chrysopogon trinii pauci 2: 450.1850, (Hochst.ex (A.Rich.) var. var. var. var. var. var. (Boiss.) (Steud.) Rhaphis Steud.; Bulletin edition fl Andro- orum trem- quin- quin- var. Kew var. of BritishIndia India, Andhra Pradesh. Indeterminatespecies,see Chrysopogon velutinus C. velutinus Icones Plantarum and oftenrudimentary, ineucalyptwoodland, see with ageniculateawn, pedicellatespikelets sterileormale lower glumetruncate,upperobtuse,lower lemma keeled, paniclelooseandovate withwhorledbranches, Wales. Perennial,denselytufted,sheathglabrousand Australia, Queensland,Northern Territory, New South C. sylvaticus in South Africa: gouebaardgras,krulgras gayab, pallapaggar gadi, tigri battokelu, jhingraka-jhara,karehullu, khar, khidi,kohi- dhaulian, dholu,ghweia,gogada gaddi, goria,gurla,gurra in India:agiva, ballak,chellosankanni,chickua,dhaula, in English:goldenbeardgrass l’Université deGenève de Botaniqueetl’InstitutSystématique Burma hillsides, similarto slopes, shallow stony soil,onclayandloamrocky medicinal value, theseedsvermifuge, foundonstony ing value, cutbefore a sandbinder, palatable,goodfoddergrass,very highgraz- brous, upperlemma2-dentate,pedicelledspikelets awned, callus, lower glumelaterallycompressed,uppergla- spikelet sessileandnarrowly oblongwithashortlypungent panicles, whorlsoflaxbranches,spikelets ingroupof3,1 margin, leaves mostlycauline,openorcontractedovate compressed andkeeled, ligulemembranouswithahairy erect, robust, sometimesshortlyrhizomatous,leafsheaths East Africa, Asia. Perennial,tufted,generallyunbranched, montana 193. 1897[1896]and Chrysopogon wightianus Flora Orientalis inces ofIndia 366. 1864, Plantarum Glumacearum Somala 764. 1901, gamarum 1: 241.1827, kunde see 2(3): 318.1832, siques etNaturelles. SecondePartie: SciencesNaturelles Pétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. SciencesMathématiques, Phy- Mémoires del’AcadémieImpérialedesSciencesSaint Study oftheSouth African Grasses … Neue Entdeckungen imganzenUmfangderP 2:93.1821, …118.1960, 1:327.1929, var. var. 6:558.1889, Flora of TropicalFlora Africa Himalayan DistrictsoftheNorth-westernProv- (Hook.f.) Bor( C.E.Hubb. Mantissa tremula 10:392.1882, 7(21):194.1897[1896]and 5:458.1884, Sp. Gram. 4:pl.3365.1938. Hortus Regius BotanicusBerolinensis Chrysopogon fulvus Boissiera. Mémoires duConservatoire (Trin.) E.Phillips) 2:665.1827, fl Bulletin del’HerbierBoissier Arn. ex Hook.f.) 9:284.1960. Brittonia owering, usedasthatchinggrass, The Flora ofBritishIndia 1:395-396.1854, var. var. Andropogon velutinus 621,pl.331.1836, Gaz. N. W. India leucanthus 5:466.1945, Monographiae Phanero- 9:159,160.1917, An Introduction tothe Chrysopogon Trin.Chrysopogon 219,t.14.1831, (Spreng.)Chiov., Thw.; Enum. Pl.Zeyl. 392.1882, Grasses of Grasses of The Flora Hooker’s Hook.f.; Synopsis Rhaphis fl 7(21): anzen- Flora II1: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC see (Retz.) Merr.; pogon zizanioides muricatum nioides tissima (Retz.) Griseb.; C. zizanioides 4(3): 534.1941. Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylaniae zizanioides kamp; & Chase; nom. illeg., non catum in SouthIndiafoodforNilgiritahr( India, Southeast Asia, SriLanka.Usefulforerosion control, ulibarbis ulibarbis zizanioides Vetiveria festucoides Naturelle 285. 1917, butions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium del MuseoNacionaldeBuenos Aires Andropogon zeylanicus C. zeylanicus Flowering Plants of theSoutheasternUnitedStates… 2: 791.1891and Indian Islands stographie Novae Hollandiae See Asia, America. secunda Arts d’Angers 1820, See India, Asia. Steud.) illeg., non cillatus C. verticillatus 119. 1960. Burma, Ceylon, IndiaandPakistan (excluding Bambuseae) Pers.Chrysurus 22: 106.1960, 404. 1954, ence Museum Haenkeanae vationes Botanicae Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum (Retz.)P. Beauv.; Mémoires delaSociétéd’Agriculture, Scienceset Bory; Holcus zizanioides var. var. Roxb.; 2(1):360.1840and (Hochst.ex Steud.)Henrard) Hochst.ex Steud.; 25:673.1919, 128,150,atlas15,t.22,f.10.1812, Retz.; L.; Andropogon festucoides (L.)Kuntze; Bulletin del’InstitutFrançaise d’Afrique Noire genuina Chrysopogon verticillatus 1(4-5):340.1830, Bulletin duMuséumNationald’Histoire (Neesex Steud.) Thwaites ( Vetiveria zizanioides 18:4.1947, 1:173.1831, 559-560.1864, (Roxb.) Trin. ex Steud.( Boissiera. Rhaphis zizanioides Chrysopogon festucoides (L.) Roberty( Agrostis verticillata Chrysopogon verticillatus Vetiveria odorata Flora Indica;orDescriptions… 1(1):75.1922, Symbolae Antillarum 193.1810, Andropogon muricatus 3:43[31].1783, (L.)Urb.; A. Camus) A. (J.Presl)Ohwi; Mantissa Plantarum Neesex Steud.; Anatherum zizanioides 9: 291.1960, (L.)Kuntze ex Stuck.; Vetiveria arundinacea Petite Flore del’Ouest-Africain An Enumeration ofPhilippine Andropogon peninsulae Nomenclator Botanicus.Editio Boissiera. Revisio GenerumPlantarum Essai d’uneNouvelle Agro- Agrostis verticillata Chamaeraphis muricata Flora oftheBritish West Bulletin ofthe Tokyo Sci- (L.)Nash; 366.1864and Virey; (L.)Roberty; J.Presl; Vill.; Hemitragus hylocrius 67, 1326.1903, 11:48.1904, 1:59.1783, 4:79.1903, 1:396-397.1854, Molecular Ecology (Roxb.) Trin. ex Vetiveria muricata Prodromus Florae Chrysopogon nod- 9: 283,285.1960. Andropogon verti- Andropogon nod- (J.Presl) Veld- Anatherum muri- Vetiveria odora- St.-Lag.;nom. 2:183.1771, Retz.; Vetiveria ziza- Andropogon (L.)Hitchc. Reliquiae Griseb.; Sorghum Phalaris Blumea Steud.; Contri- 1: 267. Lam., Andro- 18(7): Obser- Anales Flora ), Syn. Pl. 73. 1753, Herbarium 6: 229.1994, Sardoarum Elenchus 513. 1999. Vegetabilium, editiodecimasexta Pooideae, Poeae,Dactylidinae,see vol. 7,issue7:813-818.July1998, ligule afringeofhairs,plantsmonoecious,in Andropogoneae, Andropogoninae, annual,herbaceous, One species, Thailand. Panicoideae, Andropogonodae, tologist, botanistin Thailand. Named forChai Anan [Chaianan]Chumsri,b. 1930,agros- Chumsriella Bor From theGreek Chrysurus Pers. Poitrasson C. thailandica Species 475. 2000. Arkiv Thailand. Lower glumechartaceous, see Anan) 1972. Forest Bulletin. Botany 1961, of theRoyalSociety Western Australia thailandica arid places,oftenincludedin absent, nostamens,ovary glabrous,2stigmas,desertand more orlessequalsubequal,paleapresent,lodicules 1940, Die natürlichen P bard, Naturelle Naturelle de Toulouse in the spikelets unisexual, maleandfemalefertilespikelets mixed loosely racemose,bractiforminvolucres, allthefertile sis: A Description… gamarum (Morot) 23:467.1968, Hooker’s IconesPlantarum Australian Journal ofBotany Dansk Botanisk Arkiv fl 4:83.1890and 1:80.1805, 25:285.1919,O.StapfandCharlesEdward Hub- orescence, sessilespikelets chartaceous,2glumes 247.1903[1904], Methodus PlantasHortiBotanici… 48:420-421.2003. Bor, see Contributions from theUnitedStatesNational Bor chrysos fl anzenfamilien, Zweite Au

1:50.1827and ( 7:344,f.1-9.1873, = Germainia thailandica 7: 518.1878, = Thai Forest Bulletin.Botany Bulletin delaSociétéd’Histoire Descr. Gram. 6:29-59.1972, “gold”and Lamarckia Germainia Bulletin duMuséumd’Histoire Lexikon GenerumPhanero- 23(4):467-471.1968, Germainia . Ser. 5.3,t.3262.1935, 1:296.1825, Austrobaileya 2:108.1954, Flora Mesoamericana Species Plantarum Journal deBotanique oura 376.1812, Moench Balansa& , type “atail.” Blumea Flora Australien- Dansk Botanisk 44(3):77-83. fl age (Bor)Chai- Chumsriella fl 201. 1794, 5(3):512- 14e:124. orescence 45:443- Stirpium Systema Journal 6:37. Thai 495 1: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Brittonia nochloa “New chromosomecountsfor Cuscatlania Chusquea Botanical Garden Colombia, Ecuador, andMexico], neous new taxaofbamboo(Poaceae:Bambuseae) from Nordic Journal ofBotany 79(4): 478-480.1992,L.G.Clark, “ (Poaceae: Bambusoideae).” From aSouth American (Colombia)native name, Swallenochloa Mustelia Dendragrostis Coliquea Chusquea Kunth 496 459-476. 1989, graphs Botanical Garden Jackson, and Evolution or condensedcapitatepanicle,1fertile branches, dimorphicbud-branches, in arching, ateachnode1large branchandseveral smallleafy branching, shrubbyorclimber, mostlyscandentorstrongly mostly sympodial,sometimesmonopodial,woody and Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Chusqueinae,solid,slender, About 100-135-137species,CentralandSouth America. Research woodlands, moistshadybanks,adif mountain slopes,edgeofwoods, cloudforest,montane mos, forest,densewoods, pastures,wetmontaneforest, 2, foundinrainforest,understory, páramosandsubpára- 2 lower glumessmallorrudimentary, stamens3,stigmas Garden 31: 433-445.1979, Bot. Honduras], Ceiba 1971, vard University 1893 and 1853, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse schriften derKaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. clator Botanicus.Editiosecunda t. 1,f.1.1823, Plantarum toire Naturelle etdes Arts icana 82. 1753, Chusquea scandens 42:1-157.1985, 1:73.1803, 19(1):1-118.1975[Enumeracióndelasplantas J. Linn.Soc.Bot. Smithsonian Contributions toBotany 27:1-127.1989, 72(4):864-873.1985, (Poaceae:Bambusoideae) andallies in Brazil.” 44(4):387-422.1992, 61(1):99-102.1986, Genera Plantarum Contributions from the Gray HerbariumofHar- (Poaceae:Bambusoideae) fromCostaRica], Steud., 1:254.1822, Dendragrostis Steud.ex Bibra, Brittonia 1(6):1-29.1991,R.W. Pohland L.G. Clark, 225-238.1987, Linnaea 184:1-223.1958, Systematic Botany Nees, McClure 74(2):424-428.1987, 78(1):164-171.1991[New speciesof Journal dePhysique, deChimie, d’His- J. Bamb. Res. Kunth, see Rettbergia 30:154-164,297-312.1978, 9(4):467,487.1835[1834], = Annals oftheMissouriBotanical 19: 31.1881, Mustelia National Geographic Research Agrostogra Coliquea 11:323-331.1991[Miscella- Neesex B.D.Jackson, 34.1789, American Journal ofBotany 95:151.1822, Novon Dendragrostis Systematic BotanyMono- Chusquea Species Plantarum Raddi, 1:15-18.1982, Brittonia Annals oftheMissouri Iowa StateJournal of 15(4):617-634.1990, 2:168.1841, Annals oftheMissouri Chusquea Cav. ex Steud., fi Bibra, a Brasiliensis 3(3):228-238.1993, Index Kewensis Flora Boreali-Amer- fl fl orescence anopen fi oret, 4glumes,the Grass Systematics cult genus,type and 23(3):293-324. 9:1-48.1973, sect. 5(2):115. Aulonemia

Synopsis Brittonia chusque Gayana, Nomen- 17,18, Swalle- 1:81- Denk- 727. 5: . busées Brazil. See C. acuminata Symb. Antill. The Caribbean.See constraints.” as phylogenetic tools:structure,function,andevolutionary 1117, 1675-1687.2001,Scot A. Kelchner, “GroupIIintrons C. abietifolia in Venezuela:puru-puru in Peru:caña-brava in Ecuador:carrizo in Colombia:carrizo,chusque in Central America: crimichaca,rosetilla,vara debotoncillo C. Species for phylogenetic analysis.” relative utilityof21noncoding chloroplastDNA sequences 1725. 2004,Joey Shaw etal.,“ThetortoiseandthehareII: 2003, 89: 1342-1359,1967-1972.2002, J. Bot. the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 447-455, 554-562,1597-1605.1999, Adh hare: choosingbetweennoncodingplastomeandnuclear Seelanan andJonathanF. Wendel, “Thetortoiseandthe dall L.Small,Julie A. 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Veblen, R.S.HillandJ.Read 5:289.1907. Am. J. Bot. Griseb. ( Döll( 48(2):250-262.1996[Four new speciesof 91: 274-284,601-614,1086-1098,1709- Chusquea tenuis 86:1301-1315.1999, Fl. Brit. West Indies Arundinaria microclada Am. J. Bot. 89:1651-1669.2002, Flora Mesoamericana Am. J. Bot. 8:385-397.1997, 2(3):204.1880and American Bamboos The Bamboos Chusquea ramosissima Am. J. Bot. 85:1301-1315.1998, Glaz.ex E.G.Camus) Am. J. Bot. 39:36-52.2000, 92:142-166.2005. Contributions from Chusquea Chusquea Kunth 529.1864and rpl16 Am. J. Bot. 90:445-460. 33-44.1997 6:202-210. Pilg.) Am. J. Bot. Systematic 88:1103- Molecular 199-223. intronin Les Bam- .], Ran- Am. 86: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC C. bahiana Brazil. See C. baculifera 3(3): 237.1993. Hack.) Brazil. See Döll) C. attenuata i. 1986. f. B.1913, lingar Brazil. See Chusquea Kunth Chile. See Peru. See C. aspera Patag. Ecuador, Colombia.See C. albilanata and See Chile, Argentina. C. argentina Colombia. See niformis C. arachniforme 74(2): 426-427,f.1E-H.1987. Mexico. See C. aperta Colombia. See C. antioquensis 1987. 1978, Venezuela, Colombia.Páramos,see 29(1): 103.1858and C. andina Research Costa Rica,Panama. Páramos,see C. amistadensis 323. 1991. ( C. angustifolia Brazil. See C. anelythra Economic Botany Brazil. See C. anelytroides 44-58. 1880. don Swallenochloa angustifolia 26(1):63.1868, Revista Argent. Agron. 34(6):24,t.14.1900, Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGarden 3: 1-583.1978, L.G.Clark&Londoño) 5(4):462,f.1,2Aa,3-4,5,6C,7C,8C.1989. L.G.Clark L.G.Clark Iowa StateJournal ofResearch Phil.( Flora Chilena Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Hand- Arq. Mus.Nac.RiodeJaneiro Linnaea Revista Argent. Agron. Flora Brasiliensis L.G.Clark( Flora Brasiliensis Nees( Parodi ( (Döll)L.G.Clark( L.G.Clark&Londoño Silveira Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGarden Rupr. ex Döll Novon Novon (Soderstr. &C.E.Calderón)L.G.Clark L.G.Clark&Londoño L.G.Clark,Davidse &R.P. Ellis L.G.Clark&Londoño( Chusquea culeou 55(2):243-254.2001. Dendragrostis anelytra 9(4):491.1835, Flora Brasiliensis Flora Chilena Chusquea culeou 8(4):425-428.1998. 8(4):423,f.6.1998. Rev. Argent. Agron. Gayana, Bot. 6:450,t.83,f.2.1854, Nordic Journal ofBotany Chusquea bambusoides 8(4):339,t.24,f.4.1941, Soderstr. &C.E.Calderón) 2(3):206.1880. 2(3):170.1880and Les Bambusées 8:338.1941. E.Desv.) Arundinaria attenuata 6:450,t.83,f.2.1854 42:1-157.1985. Trans. Linn.Soc.Lon- National Geographic Brittonia E.Desv.) 2(3B):161-242,t. 22:99,t.1.1919. 61(1):113,f.4f- 8(4):343.1941, Chusquea arach- Neesex Munro) 1:80,t.60, 30(3):303. 74(2):428. (Raddi) Linnaea 11(3): Novon Flora Brazil. See Naturforscher 48. Paris 1826[-1830]; GüntherSchmid, … surl’Uranie etlaPhysicienne, pendant…1817-1820 Beaupré, [Botany ofthe Voyage.] original edition1898]Leipzig1981;CharlesGaudichaud- Botanical Discoveries inChina Emil Bretschneider(1833-1901), 1965; JohnDunmore, Lecomte, University ofHawaii Press,Honolulu1991;Paul Henri J.H. Barnhart, Clark; iles Malouines.” his voyage roundtheworld, wrote“Rapportsurla plant collector, circumnavigator, accompanied Freycinet in French naturalistCharlesGaudichaud-Beaupré,1789-1854, Desv.; collected anddescribedforthe fi nand Maximilian(1832-1867)toMexico, 1866madethe zoological collector, naturalist,followed Archduke Ferdi- imek, 1812/1813-1884/1887,scientist,priest,botanicaland McClure; C. bilimekii Peru. See C. bambusoides 1996. Südbrasilien Brazil. See Révision desGraminées C. bambusoides 48(2): 250-253,f.1.1996. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss.Kl. 1831, la Sociétéd’Agriculture, Scienceset Arts d’Angers Ergebn. Bot.Exp.Südbras. C. barbata Brazil. See Sm. 132. 1886and Americana; …Botany Mexico. Usedformakingbaskets, see Shrubs ofMexico 354. 1965;Paul CarpenterStandley, 1884-1963, Österreicher vor hundertJahren.” ichischen Naturforscherssurmexikanischen Expeditionder Roth, “DominikBilimek:Lebenund Werk einesösterre- tologia Memoirs preliminary veri animals. SeeIrving William Knobloch,compiledby, “A Phytologia rst biospeleologicalvisittotheGrutasdeCacahuamilpa, Opusc. Sci.Phys.Nat. Chusquea gaudichaudii Rettbergia bambusoides Flore générale del’Indo-Chine Novon Guadua 37(4):317-407.1977. L.G.Clark Fl. Il.Catarin.Gram. Suppl. Agrostogra E.Fourn. ( Ergebnisse derBotanischen Expeditionnach 1:20.1906, . EineBibliographie.Leipzig1942) Mem. New York Bot.Gard. Biographical notesuponbotanists fi (Raddi)Hack.var. . VI. Plain . VI. (Raddi)Hack.( 3(3):232-233,f.2.1993. Ann. Sci.Nat ed listofplantcollectorsinMexico.” . 1920-1926) fl abellata fi Who’s Who inPaci Arundinaria a Brasiliensis 1:331,t.78.1830, fi 3(20): 588.1885, 1:20.1906, Brittonia eld, N.J.1983;P. HermanJosef E. Fourn.) (forDominik Bil- 211. [reprint]1831-1833and . 5:89-110.Paris 1825;see Kunth; . 809-811.[Reprintofthe Raddi)(namedforthe fi Voyage autourduMonde Chusquea bahiana 79:81.1908, rst timenumerouscave Sudhoffs Arch. minor 48(2):250-253,f.1. History ofEuropean fl 18,t.1,f.1.1823, abellata 25,t.5,f.g-i.1967. Biologia Centrali- Denkschr. Kaiserl. . Paris 1907-1950; 10(5):162.1964, Nastus brunneus McClure&L.B. fi Chamisso als c Navigation Mexic. Pl. Mémoires de (E.Fourn.) Trees and 49:338- Brittonia fl . 2:33. 1:211. ore des L.G. Phy- 497 2: . . Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC C. culeou in Argentina: quila, caña f. 4.1941, and anique deBenjaminDelessert Society 1832,shellcollector. See A. Lasègue, America andinthePhilippines, Fellow oftheLinnean (d. London),Britishtraveler andplantcollectorinSouth Chusquea parvifolia Chile, Argentina. See Chile, Argentina. Brazil. See C. capitata 408, f.9H,I.1992. Brazil, Parque NacionaldoCaparao.See C. caparaoensis Argentina. See C. breviglumis Brazil. See C. bradei in Mexico: otate 498 C. capituli 1880. C. cumingii 339, 343,t.24,f.4.1941. C. capituli Naturelles tiques, PhysiquesetNaturelles. SecondePartie: Sciences de SaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. SciencesMathéma- Brazil. See Chilena Chile, Argentina. Shootseaten,moistwoods, see C. ciliata 1967. Brazil. See C. capituli Brazil. culeou f. 2.1978, Chile. See C. culeou Mexico, Guatemala,Costa Rica.See C. coronalis in Mexico: otate,otate chino f. 1.1978. Mexico. Usedformaking baskets, see C. circinata 1864. argentina Revista Argentinade Agronomía f. 6:450,t.83,f.2.1854, Phil.( L.G.Clark(for A.C. Brade,1881-1971) Parodi; culeou E.Desv. f. E.Desv. ( Linnaea fl fl fl 3,1(6): 613.1835. Am. J. Bot. Rupr. ( Economic Botany Mémoires del’AcadémieImpérialedesSciences Fl. Il.Catarin.Gram. Suppl. Brittonia Linnaea ora Soderstr. &C.E.Calderón ora ora Soderstr. &C.E.Calderón Nees( Phil. Trin.var. Trin. Trin.var. Linnaea ; Chusquea tenui L.G.Clark Chusquea culeou Chusquea breviglumis 30(2):206.1859, Rettbergia capitata 9(4):489.1834, Phil.)(afterHughCuming,1791-1865 48(2):254-256,f.2.1996. Revista Argentinade Agronomía Arundo canila longiramea Chusquea andina 89: 1967-1972.2002. 29(1):103.1858. pubescens capituli 55(2):243-254.2001. . Paris 1845;RayDesmond, fl Linnaea ora Parodi fl f. ora McClure&L.B.Sm. Phil.) 8(4):339,343,t.24, Linnaea Molinaex Steud.; Brittonia longiramea Brittonia Neesex Döll) Fl. Bras. 28-29,t.6,f.a-c. Phil.; 29(1):103.1858 Phil.; Brittonia 33(3-4):299. 30(2):158, 30(2):156, Musée bot- 2(3): 196. Chusquea Chusquea Parodi) 44(4): Flora 8(4): Guatemala, Honduras.See Smithsonian Peru, Bolivia. See C. delicatula 1d-f. 1986. C. de 3. 1941. Peru. See McClure) Argentina. See C. de Peru. See Parodi) C. decolorata Glumacearum cada porsuperiordecreto.Manila, Tipo-litográ Cumingia características dealgunasespeciesnodescritasydelgénero erogamas coleccionadasenFilipinasporHugh Cuming, con Indice numèricoycatálogosistemáticodelasplantasfan- 1889), of SucculentPlants 183-184. London1994;GordonDouglasRowley, Dictionary ofBritish&IrishBotanistsandHorticulturists Brazil. See wettsteinii Bot. Z. Chile. See Pérez Hijo,1885) C. discolor C. depauperata 309. 1927. C. dombeyana Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss.Kl. Chusquea scandens dition nach Südbrasilien Sta de lalenguaquichua upon botanists 1778-1785 archéologue, explorateur duPérou, duChilietBrésil, (1754-1844). See spoken bytheIndiansofPeru)and José Antonio Pavón lished supplementtoadictionaryoftheQuechualanguage 1815, Spanishscientistandtraveler, authorofanever pub- 1777-1788 inChileandPeruwithH.RuízLópez(1754- lector, physician, naturalist,explorer andtraveler, between Brummitt andPowell 1796, with respecttotheyearofdeath,Pritzelaccepts1793, prison, Montserrat, West Indies)(there isstillnocertainty the FrenchbotanistJosephDombey, 1742-1796(hediedin fl eu, fl fi 53(4):155.1903, exa ciens Phanerogamae CumingianaePhilippinarum Index Herbariorum (Malvaceas) porSebastian Vidal ySoler. Publi- Hack.) Revista Univ. Santiago L.G.Clark Repert. Spec.Nov. Regni Veg. …Paris 1905;J.H.Barnhart, Hack.( Linnaea Parodi Bambuseae

Contrib. Bot. Hitchc. Munroex Parodi ( 1:336.1854, . 1:463.1965;Diego de Torres Rubio, Revista Argent. Agron. Pilg.( Kunth ( Contrib. U.S. NationalHerbarium Joseph Dombey, médecin,naturaliste, Chusquea oligophylla . 1997;Sebastian Vidal ySoler(1842- 9(4):487.1834, Kunth; . Lima1619;J.Lanjouwand F.A. Swallenochloa depauperata 34,t.7,f.23.1839and Ergebnisse derBotanischen Expe- 1:21.1906, Chusquea pubispicula 9: 106,112,f.43-45.1973. Iowa StateJ. Res. Nastus chusque Linnaea D.S.B . Part II, 30:65.1945. Chusquea decolorata 79: 82.1908. . 1794,etc.),plantcol- 33(3-4):299.1864. 8(4):335,t.22,f.2- Synopsis Plantarum Denkschr. Kaiserl. Biographical notes 1(10):149.1905, Rupr.; Collectors A-D Chusquea Kunth Kunth) (after 61(1):102,f. fi Chusquea A History co deM. Oesterr. (Pilg.) Pilg.; 24(8): Arte ; ó, L. . . Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 1859-1933, “Loshelechos de JuanFernández.” Friedrich (Federico)Richard Adalbert (Adelbart)Johow, London 636, 641-650.1856, Flora derInselJuanFernandez.” in Chile P Boerner &G.Kunkel, vaciones sobrela Chile, JuanFernandezIslands.SeeR.A.Philippi,“Obser- C. fernandeziana Francisco Guerra,in Chile.” E. Alvarez López,“Dombey ylaexpedición alPerúy ham, Conquerors ofPeru Cajamarca: A SocialandBiographical Study oftheFirst Regnum Vegetabile vol. 2.1954;JamesLockhart, Chusquea Kunth Venezuela. See Barnhart, fendlerianae novi-mexicanae South America, with Asa Gray(1810-1888) wrote August Fendler, 1813-1883,plantcollectorinNorthand C. fendleri Ecuador. See C. falcata 1990. 1(GRAM-Supl.): 47-50,t.9,f.d-l.1967, Brazil. Glumesabsent,see Brazil. See C. fasciculata Ecuador, Peru.See C. exasperata Brazil. See C. erecta 42(2): 924.1987. 1(GRAM-Supl.): 37-40,t.8,f.a-c.1967, Brazil. Glumesabsent,see Sm.) C. elegans 1987. trib. Bot. Colanthelia lanci [1816], C. effusa Novarum Regni Vegetabilis Graminées Peru. See Systematic Botany, 1735-1789. naeus andtheLinnaeans: The Spreading of Their Ideasin fl anzennamen . 13:157-169.(May)1856, “Bemerkungen überdie Pedro de Valdivia: Conqueror ofChile 26(1):62.1868, Anales Inst.Bot.Cavanilles Synopsis Plantarum Renv. ( L.G.Clark 9: 77,79,f.32.1973, Biographical notesuponbotanists L.G.Clark Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarum Renvoize ( 2:553,t.191.1832and Munro(namedfortheGerman-bornexplorer Flora Brasiliensis Brittonia Novon L.G.Clark Döll . 4. Au Trans. Linn. Soc.London Aulonemia lanci fl fl Phil.( ora ora deJuanFernández.” in . Austin 1972;R.B.CunninghameGra- 3(3):228,f.1A-D.1993. Syst. Bot. Transactions oftheLinneanSociety 44(4):397,f.1.1992. D.S.B (McClure&L.B.Sm.)McClure fl Chusquea mimosa Taschenwörterbuch derbotanischen . 94.1989;Frans A. Sta Chusquea ligulata Anales Univ. Chile . 4:156-157.[d.1794]1981;F. 1(10):148.1905. . [Philadelphia1849];seeJ.H. 1:254.1822, Flora Ilustrada Catarinense Flora Ilustrada Catarinense 2(3):202,t.54.1880. 15(4):627,f.5-6,11A-G. Utrecht1971) fl Kew Bulletin ora Repertorium Specierum Bot. Zeitung McClure&L.B.Sm.; . 14:31-129.1956; Smithsonian McClure&L.B. 26(1):61.1868. Munro) . London1927; 43:577.1873, . 1:534.1965) 1:201.1815 Kew Bulletin Révision des Anales Univ. 42(2):924. . 14:625- fl eu, Plantae Men of Anales

Con- Lin- Handwörterbuch derP 1965; R.Zander, F. Encke, G.BuchheimandS.Seybold, J.H. Barnhart, America, directorofthebotanicgarden ofBruxelles; see Henri-Guillaume Galeotti,1814-1858,explorer inCentral Rupr. ex Galeotti)(fortheFrench-bornBelgianbotanist C. galeottiana 61(1): 115,f.4a-e.1986. Mexico, CostaRica.See C. foliosa (Juan Fernández)Islands,Chile]. 163. 2002[NotesonthePoaceaeofRobinsonCrusoe Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. of Juan Fernandez andEasterIsland dez andEasterIsland 84: 939-970.1893and plantas decultivo enJuanFernández.” Univ. Chile C. huantensis Chusquea pinifolia Brittonia 207. 1880and Brazil. See heterophylla Döll; C. heterophylla Argentinam var. var. C. grandi 43-44, t.8,f.i-k.1967. Brazil. See C. gracilis Mexico. See C. glauca in Mexico: carrizo London niuntur. Genus otti inprovinciis Potosi etGuanaxatoregni Mexicani inve- diagnostica nonnullarumCactearumquaeadominoGale- Michael JosephScheidweiler(1799-1861),“Descriptio Itinerary.” Mexico: The NumberingofhisCollectionsand a Brief gart 1993;RogersMcVaugh, “Galeotti’s Botanical Work in Belles-lettres deBruxelles Mexico. See sity ofPennsylvania Press,Philadelphia1964) the Literature ontheFloweringPlantsof Mexico 491-492. 1838;IdaKaplanLangman, Garden Panama, Colombia.See squamosa Chusquea heterophylla 74(2):424-426,f.1A-D.1987. 26(1):59.1868. 44:417,420.1992, fl L.G.Clark L.G.Clark McClure&L.B.Sm. Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb ora Linnaea . 82:741-757.1892and977-1004.1893,“Las 285.Göttingen1879, Flora Ilustrada Catarinense var. var. Bulletin del’AcadémieRoyaledesScienceset Syst. Bot.Monogr. Pilg. L.G.Clark Rupr. ex Munro( Döll; Biographical notesuponbotanists Nees( Ariocarpus Ergebn. Bot.Exp.Südbras. microphylla 9:488,490.1835, var. var. 1: 95-240.1922, Chusquea heterophylla The Natural HistoryofJuan Fernan- 19:41.2000, Chusquea pinifolia fl heterophylla anzennamen Annals oftheMissouriBotanical 9(2):246.1842, Iowa StateJournal ofResearch .” in Döll; var. var. Willdenowia 27:95.1989. Bull. Acad. Sci.Brux heterophylla Flora Brasiliensis . 11(5):291-297.1972; Chusquea heterophylla Chusquea galeottiana (Nees)Hack.) . 14. Au 2(28): 763-792.1951, Brittonia Symbolae adFloram A SelectedGuideto The Natural History Anales Univ. Chile 1(GRAM-Supl.): Trans. Linn.Soc. 22:268.1992. 1:21.1906, (Nees) Nees; fl var. var. . 713.Stutt- 54(3):154- ; Chusquea . Univer- elongata . 2:24. 2(3): 499 . 5: . Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Mexico, Honduras,Guatemala. See C. lanceolata Supl.): 44-45,t.9,f.a-c.1967. 151): 325.1909, C. inamoena inense Brazil, SantaCatarina,Ibirama.See C. ibiramae 29. 1920. Botany … Mexico, Guatemala.See Chusquea liebmannii C. liebmannii 53: 69,516.1903. 2(3): 175.1880and C. lehmannii 72(4): 868-870,f.3.1985. Colombia. See C. latifolia 146. 1935. Uruguay, Brazil.See Sm.) C. juergensii 1898 and zengeschichte undP Peru. See P Peru, Huanta.See 500 Natural HistoryofJuan Fernandez andEasterIsland Colombia. See C. ligulata 1927. Proceedings oftheBiological Societyof Washington atik, P Ecuador, Colombia.See Anales delaUniversidad deChile C. leptophylla Ecuador. See C. leonardiorum Ecuador, Colombia. Raimundo Parodi, “Robert Pilger.” 35-36. 1899and Brazil. See Döll; C. lehmannii Ecuador, Colombia.See C. lehmannii 1991. 20(2): 107-114.1953, fl anzengeschichte undP Arundinaria leptophylla 1(GRAM-Supl.):40-42,t.8,f.d-f.1967. fl anzengeschichte undP Repert. Spec.Nov. Regni Veg. Munro( L.G.Clark 3(20): 587.1885, Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P McClure&L.B.Sm. Linnaea Pilg.( Hack.( Pilg.subsp. Pilg.( Pilg.subsp. Hitchc. Brittonia Nees( Trans. Linn.Soc.London E.Fourn. ( Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGarden L.G.Clark Flora Ilustrada Catarinense Les Bambusées Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik, Chusquea fernandeziana Chusquea serrulata Chusquea pilgeri Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 9(4):489.1835, Fournier ex Hemsley) Chusquea swallenii Repert. Spec.Nov. Regni Veg. Arthrostylidium leptophyllum fl 48(2):256-260,f.3.1996. Nordic Journal ofBotany anzengeographie Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystem- fl Nord. J. Bot. Biologia Centrali-Americana; … anzengeographie farinosa lehmannii Mexic. Pl. Chusquea heydei (Nees)Hack.) fl anzengeographie 1:83.1913,Lorenzo L.G.Clark&Londoño 43:577.1873and Revista Argent. Agron Flora Ilustrada Catar- Phytologia E.G.Camus) 11(3):326.1991. 1(10):150.1905. Pilg.) 2:132.1886and Flora Brasiliensis 25(5):719-720. McClure&L.B. 26(1):62.1868, 56(Beibl.123): Phil.) 1(GRAM- 1(4):145- Hitchc.; 27(1-2): 11: 325. (Nees) 7(149- 40:80. 1: 95- fl The an- . colectadas durante la expedición Niederlein, owner ofamossherbarium.SeeP.G. LorentzandGustavo any in Argentina andUruguay, explorer, plant collector, Günther Lorentz,1835-1881,bryologist,professorofbot- C. lorentziana 1990. Comisión Cientí Colombia. See C. longiprophylla 1854, Costa Rica.See C. longipendula of theMissouriBotanicalGarden Bolivia. See ( C. longiligulata 1989. Acad. Sci. Mexico, Guatemala,CostaRica,Panama. See C. longifolia Colombia. See C. londoniae Bot. Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana.See C. linearis 156. 2002. 1990, Easter Island 240. 1922, Colombia, Venezuela.See C. maculata Chile. See C. macrostachya Ecuador. See 1990. Botánica Gral. Julio A. Roca.Buenos Aires. Entrega segunda. meses deabril,mayoyjunio1879,bajolasórdenesdel la expedición alRioNegro (Patagonia), realizadaenlos C. maclurei Ecuador, Loja.See C. loxensis der Wissenschaften zuGöttingen Argentina. See 402. 1965) 1874; J.H.Barnhart, literature Grisebach (1814-1879), Swallenochloa longiligulata 6(1):76.1901. Revis. Gen.Pl. Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. . 173-294.1881;Sta . 3:157-160.1981;AugustHeinrichRudolph N.E.Br. Anales Univ. Chile L.G.Clark 30(5): 210.1940, L.G.Clark(alsospelled The Natural HistoryofJuan Fernandez and L.G.Clark Swallen L.G.Clark Enumeración sistemática delasplantas Iowa StateJ. Res. Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum 2(28): 763-792.1951, Abhandlungen derKöniglichen Gesellschaft Syst. Bot. Griseb. (fortheGerman botanistPaul Syst. Bot. (Soderstr. &C.E.Calderón)L.G.Clark fi Kuntze ( Brittonia Phil. ca agregada alEstadoMayorGeneralde L.G.Clark Brittonia Biographical notesuponbotanists 3(2):348.1893. 15(4):628,f.3-4,12A-D.1990. 30(3):305,f.3,4.1978, Plantae lorentzianae 15(4):626,631,f.1-2,14F-I. Chusquea uni Syst. Bot. 48(2):260-262,f.4.1996. Soderstr. &C.E.Calderón) 94:350.1896. 19:41.2000, fl Syst. Bot.Monogr. eu andCowan, 61(1):109,f.3.1986. Trans. Linn.Soc.London, 19:249-250.1874. 74(2):428.1987. . Informeo 15:632,f.7,14A-E. macclurei Syst. Bot. fl ora Chusquea Kunth Steud.) Brittonia . Göttingen fi Taxonomic ) cial dela 15:628. 27:105. 1:337. J. Wash. Annals 54: . 2: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Plain list ofplantcollectorsinMexico.” Brazil. Glumesabsent,see Chusquea meyeriana C. meyeriana Chusquea Kunth C. microphylla C. mimosa Brazil. See C. mimosa 37-40, t.8,f.a-c.1967, Brazil. See voize) C. mimosa 44(4): 420,f.16G-K.1992. Brazil. See var. William Knobloch,compiledby, “A preliminaryveri Geog. Mag 1922, “A winterexpedition insouthwesternMexico.” resources.” Strait Mexico. See C. montana Brazil. & R.D.Brettell,in graphical notesuponbotanists 1855-1934.” 1887; E.A.Goldman,“Edward William Nelson,naturalist, in Alaska betweentheyears 1877and1881byE.W. Nelson Henshaw] North America and Ecuador Species andSubspeciesofBirds from Panama, Colombia USDA, hiswritingsinclude and Guatemala,plantcollector, from1890to1929withthe Edward William Nelson,1855-1934,explorer, inMexico C. nelsonii Mexic. Pl. Chusquea mexicana C. muelleri de laUniversidad deChile Argentina, Chile.See in Mexico: ojotate 1897]. Agrostology United StatesDepartmentof Agriculture Div. Agrostol.Bull. Mexico, Guatemala.Usedformakingbaskets, see versity ofDenver Press1950) 1964; JosephEwan, Guide totheLiterature ontheFloweringPlantsofMexico microphylla fi . Washington 1881,“Lower Californiaanditsnatural eld, N.J.1983;IdaKaplanLangman, 2:132.1886. McClure&L.B.Sm.subsp. Report uponNatural History Collectionsmade McClure&L.B.Sm.subsp. Scribn.&J.G.Sm.(forthe American naturalist McClure&L.B.Sm.( Flora Brasiliensis . 15(9):339-356.1904and Brittonia Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci Phil.( Flora Ilustrada Catarinense . Washington1912, Auk Munro( Trans. Linn.Soc.London Rupr. ex Döll( (Döll)L.G.Clark( . Washington 1930.See[editedbyH.W. Döll) . 52:135-148.1935;J.H.Barnhart, Chusquea nigricans Hack.; 4: 16.1897[also Rocky MountainNaturalists 44(4):414,f.14G-I.1992. var. var. Phytologia Linnaea Chusquea carinata Kew Bulletin meyeriana 27:323.1865. Fl. Bras. Chusquea mulleri Descriptions ofNew Genera, 2(3):207.1880and 33(3-4):298.1864, . 2:544.1965;H.Robinson Chusquea meyeriana . 27(1):54.1973;Irving The EskimoaboutBering . 16:1-194. Washington Phytologia Memoirs Chusquea elegans Chusquea heterophylla 2(3):203.1880. ) 42(2):924.1987. Bulletin, Divisionof australis Phil.) 26(1):65.1868, 1(GRAM-Supl.): mimosa Wildof Animals E.Fourn.; Munro) A Selected L.G.Clark . The Uni- . The U.S.D.A. Brittonia Anales 4:16. Döll; Ren- Natl. . VI. Bio- fi ed . . Contr. Bot. Venezuela. See C. pallida versidad deChile Ecuador. See C. perligulata 5. 1986. Chile. See Costa Rica.See C. paludicola and C. parvi Panama, CostaRica.See C. patens Chile. See C. oligophylla Brazil. See C. nutans Brazil. See C. nudiramea Chile. See C. nigricans 1986. Peru, Ecuador. See C. neurophylla S. Seybold, Mass. 1917-1933;R.Zander, F. Encke, G.Buchheimand Arnold Arboretum ofHarvard University 433. 1972;E.M. Tucker, nists represented intheHuntInstituteportrait collection 1945); see T.W. Bossert, iologist Fritz(Friedrich) Wettstein von Westersheim (1895- phylogenist, father ofthe Austrian botanistandplantphys- stein von Westersheim, 1863-1931,traveler, plant collector, wettsteinii 1993; Sta Brazil. See oxylepis C. oxylepis Bot. Exp.Südbras. reichische Botanische Zeitschrift Argentina. Fossil, see C. oxyphylla Bot. Brazil. See 1988) C. palenae (Paleont. 32):236.[t.] f. 1.2.1941. 13(10):65.1913. J. Wash.Sci. Acad. Hack.) fl fl L.G.Clark ora Munro( L.G.Clark Hack.)(forthe Austrian botanistRichard Wett- Anales delaUniversidad deChile eu andCowan, 9:69.1973. Philippi( Anales Univ. Chile Flora Chilena (Hack.)Ekm.( Brittonia Brittonia Handwörterbuch derP Ergebn. Bot.Exp.Südbras. Bambuseae Phil. Freng.&Parodi Philippi Biblioth. Bot. L.G.Clark (Pilg.)McClure( L.G.Clark Rupr. ( L.G.Clark Iowa StateJ. Res. Trans. Linn. Soc.London 94:350.1896. 1:21.1906. Chusquea hispida Iowa StateJ. Res. 44(4):398,f.3A-F, 4,5.1992. 44(4):415,f.15.1992. Chusquea valdiviensis Chusquea discolor Notas Mus.LaPlata,Paleontol. 34,t.7,f.23.1839and 32(6): 179,f.7.1942. 6:446.1854, Taxonomic literature Biographical dictionaryofbota- Iowa StateJ. Res. Catalogue ofthelibrary ofthe 29(116):57.1937, Chusquea bambusoides 27:323.1865. Guadua perligulata 53(4): 155.1903, 61(1):101,f.1a-c.1986. fl anzennamen McClure) 61(1):105,f.2a-f. 1:20.1906, Anales delaUni- Hack.; 26(1):65.1868 E.Desv.) 94:349.1896. 61(1):119,f. . Cambridge, . 7:219-235. Smithsonian . 14. Au Chusquea Ergebn. subsp. Pilg.) Öster- Ark. 501 6 fl . . Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Pittier, Allan, Botanists andHorticulturists 3: 115.1965;RayDesmond, 1845. SeeJ.H.Barnhart, Chusquea heterophylla C. pinifolia Peru. See C. picta 1905, 1844.” in wrote “JournalofBotanicalMissionto West Indiesin1843- America, gardener, 1846-1857BotanicalGarden Trinidad, die, 1817-1857(Trinidad), plantcollector intropicalSouth C. purdieana Brazil. See C. pulchella Peru. See C. pubispicula See South America. C. pubescens Griseb., nom.illeg., non Peru. See C. polyclados Missouri BotanicalGarden Panama, CostaRica.Climbing, hanging,see Chusquea pinifolia erophylla Chusquea heterophylla Peru, Bolivia. See Chusquea sandiensis C. peruviana Mexico. See C. perotensis 502 squamosa Chusquea pinifolia Brazil. See A. Dietr.; Plantarum. Editiosexta Mexico, Guatemala.See E.G. Camus) C. pittieri f. 16G-K.1992, 490. 1834[1835], C. pohlii Syst. Bot.Monogr. 1879, siliensis seuEnumeratio Plantarum Syst. Bot.Monogr. der Botanischen Expedition nach Südbrasilien Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Flora Brasiliensis The Hookers ofKew Manual delasPlantasUsuales de Venezuela Pilg. L.G.Clark var. var. Hack.( Döll; Ludolphia pinifolia Repert. Spec.Nov. Regni Veg. Repert. Spec.Nov. Regni Veg. Repert. Spec.Nov. Regni Veg. London J. Bot Novon Familles desPlantes L.G.Clark (Nees)Nees( Syst. Bot. Munro(fortheScottishbotanist William Pur- L.G.Clark,G.Cortés&Chazaro E.G.Camus( Steud. Pilg. microphylla Pilg. Chusquea microphylla Willdenowia Chusquea maurofernandeziana 3(3):236,f.3F-J.1993. Repert. Spec.Nov. Regni Veg. 27:51.1989, 27:74.1989. Symbolae adFloram Argentinam var. var. Syn. Pl.Glumac. Pilger)(Peru,Sandia) var. var. 22(2):225,f.1-4.1997. var. var. 56(Beibl. 123):29.1920. pinifolia Biographical notesuponbotanists 2:25.1833, . 3:501-533.1844and4:14-27. 2(3):207.1880and Nees; Oesterr. Bot.Z. Döll; . London1967;HenriFrançois 72(4):867-868,f.2B-f.1985. Chusquea heterophylla Chusquea ramosissima heterophylla elongata Arundinaria pinifolia 22:268.1992. (Nees) A. Dietr.) Dictionary ofBritish&Irish . 567.London1994;Mea Chusquea heterophylla ; 2:244.1763, Brittonia Chusquea heterophylla Ludol 2:525.1829, Döll; 1:337.1854. Linnaea (Döll)L.G.Clark; fi 1(10):151.1905. 1(10):148.1905. 1(10):147.1905. 53(4):153.1903, a pinifolia (Nees)Hack.; 44(4):417,420, Chusquea het- Annals ofthe 1:21.1906, 1(10):149. 9(5):488, Flora Bra- Ergebnisse Hack.ex Species Pilger; (Nees) Nees; Nees; 285. ysu var. . Clark &Londoño “Études surla Plant Collectors in West Africa Suplemento. Caracas1971;F.N. HepperandFiona Neate, C. repens Mexico. See C. repens Economic Botany ramosissima 201. 1990,H.A.Keller, “Mythicaloriginof 1941, Systema Vegetabilium Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie sulla storianaturale del Chili Chile. SeeGiovanni IgnazioMolina(1737-1829), 8(76): 456.1923, Botanischen GartensundMuseumszuBerlin-Dahlem sima dener’s Chronicle, ser. 3 Novarum Regni Vegetabilis Handlingar est margins, see medicinal andmagicaluses,primaryforest,rocky soil,for- Brazil, Argentina. Solid,leaning,scrubforming,grazed, Camus; cae Australis 1853, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse schriften derKaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Leop.-Carol. Nat.Cur. (Suppl. 1):153.1843, Caesareae Leopoldinae-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum Gramineae d’Agriculture, Scienceset Arts d’Angers Graminées C. ramosissima Bulletin zengeschichte undP 61a. 1913, Chronicle, ser. 3 C. quila (Pilg.) Holttum; Colombia. See burgh 1970) ond, France. Schult.f.; & Meyen; E. Desv.; Camus; dia deria quila laxi Steud.; fl Pilg.,nom.illeg., non Index ofCollectors intheEdinburgh Herbarium ora Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGarden Flora Chilena 29:191-192.Paris 1882;I.C.HedgeandJ.M.Lam- 10:594.1956, Chusquea phacellophora Chusquea quila E.Desv.; Kunth ( L.G.Clark&Londoñosubsp. L.G.Clark&Londoño Oreiostachys producta Coliquea quila 1:329,t.77.1830, Moorea quila (Molina)Stapf; 153-154.1841, Chusquea parvifolia 34(6):24,t.14.1900, Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P (Poaceae),theancientknifeofGuaranis.” 52.1857, Nordic Journal ofBotany Trans. Linn.Soc.London Nastus prolifer fl 34:400.1903, Arundo quila Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Lindm.( 57(4):461-471.2003. ore duSénégal.” in Revista Argentinade Agronomía fl 6:446-447.1854, Chusquea quila anzengeographie 19(Suppl.1):21-22.1843, Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Phys.-Med. Acad. Nova Acta 22(571):396.1897and Taxon var. var. Linnaea 7:1361.1830, (Molina)Stapf; (Molina)Steud.ex Bibra; 1(10):149.1905, Chusquea ramosissima Gynerium quila Novorum ActorumAcademiae Chusquea af quila 23:599.1974. Molina; Desv.; . 154-155.Bologna1782, Phil.; . 66.1971;Joseph Vallot, Pilg.) 33(3-4):299.1864, Les Bambusées Pilg.; Mémoires delaSociété ; Repertorium Specierum Chusquea valdiviensis 138,153,t.24.1812, var. var. Nastus quila 62:460.1929 Chusquea quila 11(3):327.1991. Chusquea ramosis- Chusquea interme- Bull. Soc.Bot.de oaxacacensis Berberides Ameri- 26(1):56.1868. Nastus productus Chusquea Kunth fi 1:211.1831, nis (Molina)Nees longipila Révision des Notizblatt des Munroex 5(2):115. Gardener’s 77(1): 125- 1:198,f. Chusquea Lindm.) (Kunth) 8:338. Saggio . Edin- Corta- Denk- E.G. , Kew L.G. Gar- fl var. an- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC C. scabra Brazil. See C. riosaltensis Mexico. C. repens Costa Rica.See C. serpens Brazil. See C. sellowii 1992. jamesonii C. scandens 14. Au heim andS.Seybold, upon botanists Mexico. See Chusquea Kunth zine Quito 1865.See praecipue inregione temperata etfrigidacrescentes,etc. of collector, 1827professorofchemistryandbotany, author traveler, 1820South America, from1826atQuito, plant 1796-1873 (d.Ecuador),physician, M.D.Edinburgh 1818, (after theScottishbotanist William (Guilielmo)Jameson, quitensis (Hack.) E.G.Camus; kets, mountainforest,see stems, trailingover treesandshrubs,usedformakingbas- Bolivia, Peru,Ecuador, Colombia.Erect,solidandpliable 360. Dresden1916) (1815-1913). Nebst Aufzählung seinerSammlungen Königlichen Botanischen MuseumszuBerlin-Dahlem jamin Delessert 189. Oxford1964; A. Lasègue, of theDepartmentBotanyinUniversity ofOxford collection nary ofbotanistsrepresented intheHuntInstituteportrait Brazil. See C. sclerophylla in Peru:kurcur Bulletin 143,2:183-330. Washington 1946. of South American Indians 1935, JohnHowland Rowe, “IncaCulture.” in Museo Nacional “El mundovegetal delosantiguosperuanos.” mento delCuzco Fortunato L.Herrera, 1903, Pl. Glumac. Synopsis plantarumaequatoriensium . 111-116.1835;J.H.Barnhart, Repert. Spec.Nov. Regni Veg. fl . Stuttgart 1993; T.W. Bossert, var. var. Steud.; . 194.1972;H.N.Clokie, L.G.Clark&Londoñosubsp. Soderstr. &C.E.Calderón Rupr. L.G.Clark Fl. Bras. Brittonia Bambuseae 1:337.1854and Kunth ( Nordic Journal ofBotany patentissima . 2:244.1965;R.Zander, F. Encke, G.Buch- L.G.Clark Döll . Paris 1845;IgnatzUrban, . Lima1930,E. Yacovleff andF.L. Herrera, Brittonia 3:241-322and4:20-102.Lima1934- Companion toCurtis’s BotanicalMaga- Chusquea meyeriana 2(3):200.1880and 44(4):403,f.6.1992. Chusquea quitensis Handwörterbuch derP Bambusa chusque Estudios sobre la 35,t.11,f.26.1839. 30(3):300,f.2.1978. Nov. Gen.Sp. . Bureauof American Ethnology, Hack.; Oesterr. Bot.Z. Musée botaniquedeBen- Account oftheHerbaria Nastus chusque 6(113-118):161.1908, Biographical dictio- 11(3):328.1991. Biographical notes 1:201.1816, var. var. , exhibens plantas fl Poir.; Brittonia repens Hack.; ora deldeparta- Geschichte des fl anzennamen patentissima 53(4):154. Revista del Handbook Chusquea Chusquea 44:403. Kunth) . 303, Syn. . . C. simplici Colombia, Ecuador. See C. serrulata 27: 91.1989. Botanical Garden Venezuela, Colombia,Ecuador. See C. subulata 78(1): 167,f.1F-H.1991. Costa Rica.See C. subtilis 1927, C. spicata Bot. Monogr. Chusquea simplicissima Missouri BotanicalGarden Costa Rica,Cordillerade Talamanca. See C. talamancensis 30(5): 209.1940. Mexico, Guatemala,CostaRica.See C. sulcata Colombia. See L.G. Clark) Bolivia, Peru.See nochloa weberbaueri Pilg.; Venezuela, Colombia.See C. spencei Colombia. See C. spathacea Smithsonian and Colombia. See C. spadicea C. subtessellata Peru. See C. straminea Syst. Bot.Monogr. Panama, CostaRica.See (Hitchc.) McClure) Colombia. See C. sneidernii Peru. See C. smithii 1989. Trans. Linn.Soc.London Venezuela, Colombia,Ecuador, Mexico, Nicaragua.See Hemsl.) Amer., Bot. Repert. Spec.Nov. Regni Veg. Smithsonian Swallenochloa spicata L.G.Clark(forDavid N.Smith) Repert. Spec.Nov. Regni Veg. Iowa StateJ. Res. Swallen Y. Widm. &L.G.Clark Munro( Ernst fl 3:587.1885and Pilg. McClureex L.G.Clark(

Pilg. ora 27:54.1989. McClureex L.G.Clark Aspl. Pilg. Contributions toBotany Novon Novon Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Bot. Not. Munro( Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGarden Hitchc.( Y. Widm. &L.G.Clark Trans. Linn.Soc.London 72(4): 870,f.4.1985, 27:62-63.1989.

Contributions toBotany Chusquea humilis (Pilg.)McClure) 3(3):229,f.1E-H.1993. 3(3):235,f.3A-E.1993. 1939:797.1939. Chusquea simplicifolia Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26(1):54,t.2.1868, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. Pilg.; J. Bot. 78(1): 169,f.2A-F. 1991. 61(1):107,f.2g-i.1986. Swallenochloa subtessellata (Munro)McClure; Syst. Bot.Monogr. 27: 35.1899. 10:262.1872and Chusquea weberbaueri 1(10):145-146.1905, Annals oftheMissouri Lechlerex Munro; 9:112-113.1973, J. Wash.Sci. Acad. Chusquea subulata 1(10):147.1905. Syst. Bot.Monogr. 25: 719.1898. 26(1):60.1868 9:113.1973. Annals ofthe Biol. Cent. Munroex 40:81. 27:89. Swalle- Syst. 503 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC C. tenuiglumis Brazil. See C. tenuiglumis 299. 1864. C. tessellata busées Brazil. See Chusquea tenuis Brazil. See Brazil. See Chile. See uliginosa C. tenuis Brazil. C. tenuiglumis C. tenuiglumis C. tenui Brazil. C. tenella Brazil. See C. tenella Anales Mus.Nac.Montevideo Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina. See C. tenella hart, Rica 1897[ Guatemala.], Costa Rica explorer (CostaRicaandGuatemala),authorof Tonduz, 1862-1921,plantcollector, traveler andbotanical C. tonduzii Missouri BotanicalGarden Costa Rica,Cordillerade Talamanca. See C. tomentosa 1973, Chusquea simplicissima Peru. See C. tarmensis 504 of Harvard University Tucker, McClure; (Munro) McClure; Chusquea weberbaueri 1905, Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis Linn. Soc.London Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia,Ecuador, Peru.See Biographical notesuponbotanists Syst. Bot.Monogr. 1:90.1913. Smithsonian Catalogue ofthelibrary ofthe Arnold Arboretum ﬂ Glaz.ex E.G.Camus( Phil.) Neesvar. Neesvar. Nees( ora Swallenochloa weberbaueri Repert. Spec.Nov. Regni Veg. Linnaea . SanJosédeCostaRica1897 [Expos.Centroam. Hack.(fortheSwissbotanist Adolphe [Adolfo] Flora Brasiliensis Flora Brasiliensis Fl. Bras. Fl. Bras. Revista Sudamer. Bot. An. Inst.Fís.Geogr. Nac. Munro( Pilg. Philippi( Y. Widm. &L.G.Clark La Fumagina delCafeto Döllvar. Döll Döllvar. Döllvar. E.G.Camus) Chusquea uruguayensis 30(2):206-207.1859,

Contributions toBotany 26(1):60.1868and 2(3):199.1880. 2(3):200.1880. tenella latifolia Chusquea humilis Swallenochloa tessellata . Cambridge,Mass.1917-1933) Chusquea ciliata Pilg.; 27:62-63.1989. laxiuscula tenuiglumis subcylindrica Pilg.; 78(1): 165,f.1A-E.1991. Dutra 2(3):204.1880and 2(3):199.1880. 1(6):546.1897. Chusquea spicata Chusquea acuminata Linnaea 5(5-6):146.1938. Swallenochloa spicata Döll vii.];seeJ.H.Barn- (Pilg.)McClure) . SanJosédeCosta . 3:390.1965;E.M. Döll Lechlerex Munro; 1(10):151.1905. 1(10):145-146. Arechav.) 9(4):492.1835, Phil.; Linnaea Annals ofthe 9:112-113. Repertorium (Munro) Chusquea Les Bam- 33(3-4): Munro; Flora of Trans. Döll; C. wettsteinii Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGarden C. uliginosa 1942. of the Washington Academy ofSciences Colombia. See C. tuberculosa 53(4): 155.1903. Costa Rica.See Costa Rica,Panama. See Bot. Z. Chile. See Brazil. See Americae Australis Argentina, Chile.See Chusquea palenae C. valdiviensis del MuseoNacionaldeMontevideo ican naval of C. wilkesii Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss.Kl. C. uni ( C. vulcanalis Costa Rica,Panama. See C. virgata 1896. Uruguay,See Argentina. C. uruguayensis Brazil. See C. urelytra Colombia, Ecuador. See dition nach Südbrasilien Paci studied hydrography, from1838to1842explorer inthe dition (1838-1842) Wilkes Expedition: The First UnitedStatesExploringExpe- Navy 1798-1877 tors, tions 1844-1874 States ExploringExpedition 1838-1842andItsPublica- Charles Wilkes nists 1965-1979; J.H.Barnhart, Antarctic Bibliography ral Charles Wilkes D.M. Henderson, ing Expedition:Duringthe Years obedience, authorof Antarctic continent),in1864was court-martialed fordis- Swallenochloa vulcanalis fi . 3:496.1965; W. Bixby, Autobiography ofRear Admiral Charles Wilkes U.S. c Ocean(explored theSouthPaci fl 53(4):155.1903, ora Munro(forCharles Wilkes, 1798-1877, Amer- Hack. Linnaea Steud. Oesterr. Bot.Z. Hack. Bambuseae Phil.( fi Hackel ( (Soderstr. &C.E.Calderón)L.G.Clark cer, traveler, in1818joined theU.S.Navy, . New York 1966;D.C.Haskell, Swallen ( J. Wash.Sci. Acad. E.Desv. ( . New York 1942; W.J. Morgan etal.,edi- . Washington, D.C.1978;D.B. Tyler, Arechavaleta ( Arechavaleta The HiddenCoasts: A Biography of Admi- . New York 1953;G.A.Doumani,editor, Pilg.) Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift . Philadelphia1968;Edmund Fanning, 52.1857, 30(2):206-207.1859. Chusquea tenui Narrative oftheUnitedStatesExplor- Chusquea discolor . Washington, LibraryofCongress Fl. Chil. 34,t.7,f.23.1839and Ergebnisse derBotanischen Expe- Syn. Pl.Glumac. 1:21.1906, Chusquea hispida Oesterr. Bot.Z. Linnaea Brittonia Soderstr. &C.E.Calderón) 53(4):158.1903. Biographical notesuponbota- Chusquea intermedia Anales Univ. Chile 6:446.1853, Chusquea tenella …Philadelphia1845;see The Forgotten Voyage of 9(4):492.1835, 21(1):14.1931, 79: 82.1908. fl 30(3):309,f.5.1978, 1(6):546.1897. ora Phil.) Denkschr. Kaiserl. fi 53(4):156.1903. 32(6):179,f.7. c islandsandthe 74(2): 428.1987. Hack.) Chusquea Kunth 1:337.1854. McClure) The United Berberides Nees) 94:350. Steud.; Oesterr. Journal Anales The Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 2: 90.1886and 1856, PierreN.E.Fournier (1834-1884), of theBotanyNorthernUnitedStates Partie: SciencesNaturelles Sciences Mathématiques,PhysiquesetNaturelles. Seconde Impériale desSciencesdeSaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. Au Who inPaci etc., …1792and1832 to theSouthSeas,NorthandPaci Familles desPlantes Novit. Fl.Suec.Mant. 44. 1789, denburg, W.H. BlackwellandJ.W. Thieret, “Revision ofthe 1-157. 1985, Zhurn. SSSR brane, plantsbisexual, in absent, leafsheathsglabrous,liguleanunfringedmem- less tuberous,internodeshollow, rhizomatous,auricles Aveninae, perennial,herbaceous,solitaryortufted,more ico toPeru.Pooideae,Poodae, Aveneae, orPooideae,Poeae, About 3-6species,Northern America, U.S.,Canada,Mex- the family nameofthegentesCorneliaandHelvia. Dioscorides toaspeciesof Greek (Asclepiadaceae), Cinna L. editor, in theHuntInstituteportrait collection Bossert, Voyages Roundthe World Cinna L. 67, 81.1753, Botanical Garden.472.1973;Sta correspondence ofJohn Torrey the manuscriptandarchival collectionsandindex tothe Cambridge, Mass.1917-1933;S.Lenley etal., library ofthe Arnold Arboretum ofHarvard University York andLondon1969;E.M. Tucker, nacea soils, recentclearings,alongroadsides,type moist areas,dampwoods, openandsemiopenareas,alluvial brous, 2stigmas,shadespeciesusefulforerosioncontrol, 2 freeandmembranouslodicules,1-2stamens,ovary gla- and acute,lemmasmembranouskeeled, paleapresent, glumes subequalmembranous,upperglume1-to3-nerved open, spikelets pedicellateandfalling withtheglumes,2 Fourn. Brazil. See C. windischii Brazil. See nomic literature fl age L.,seeCarlLinnaeus, A ShortHistoryofBotanyintheUnitedStates kinna 14d:69.1956, Biographical dictionaryofbotanistsrepresented Magazine ofZoology andBotany Trans. Linn.Soc.London Brittonia = fi 70(1):126-128.1985, for“way barley, wall barley,” appliedby L.G.Clark c Navigation Bot. Zhurn.SSSR Abola . 7:295-297.1988) Genera Plantarum Die natürlichen P 44(4):405,f.9A-G.1992. 2:31,511.1763, , …N.Y. 1833;JohnDunmore, Blyttia 2:2.1839, Brittonia Adans., ; withselectedsketches ofvoyages . 265-267.Honolulu1991; T.W. fl Hordeum 6,4(3-4): 280.1841, orescence paniculate,panicle Fries, Species Plantarum vol. 75.1990,D.M.Bran- . LibraryoftheNew York 23(3):293-324.1971, Blyttia Mémoires del’Académie fl fl . edition5.6.1754, eu andCowan, Gayana, Botánica anzenfamilien, Zweite ; Latin 26(1):63.1868. Cinnastrum . 436.1972;J.Ewan, Genera Plantarum Mexicanas Plantas fi Catalogue ofthe c Oceans,China, Arn. edition2.545. 2:420.1838, Cinna, ae Cinna arundi- Catalog of A Manual 1:5,61, E. Who’s . New Taxo- was Bot. 42: . 3(1): 57.1892and Contributions from the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium ural SciencesofPhiladelphia sica Partie: SciencesNaturelles Sciences Mathématiques,PhysiquesetNaturelles. Seconde Impériale desSciencesdeSaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. Northern America. Perennial,see (Scribn.) Vasey) C. bolanderi in English:stoutwoodreed, sweetwoodreed 135, t.334,f.1-2.1935, Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda stographie … Botanique icae see Northern America, Canada.Perennial,swamps, wetwoods, nacea Trevir. ex Göpp.; C. latifolia in English:Scribnerwoodreed, Bolander’s woodreed t. 5,f.12.Petropoli1824, onalis; or, … 198. 1821, C. arundinacea Species Herbarium generic], Cinna pendula Griseb.; Scribn.; Blyttia suaveolens glomerulata icana 1991, actions oftheKentucky Academy ofScience 195-200. 2000[ olens Cinna suaveolens Cinna pendula arundinacea Pursh; Lam., nom.illeg., non Trin.) ex Macoun; arundinacea ex Steud.; dinacea genus Mantissa Plantarum 4(13):435.1852, 5:18.1789, (Blyttex Sommerf.)Rupr.; (L.)P. Beauv.; var. var. Flora Mesoamericana Cinna Agrostis mexicana L.; Cinna latifolia Cinna expansa Contributions from theUnitedStatesNational Cinna arundinacea 32,148,158.1812, De Graminibus uni 48:234-236.2003. (Trev. ex Goeppert)Griseb. ( Macoun; (Poaceae).” var. var. Retz.ex Steud.,nom.illeg., non pendula Cinna pendula Cinna arundinacea 1:162.1791, Scribner( 1: 64.1814, var. var. Trin.; L.( Cinna (Blyttex Sommerf.)Fries; inexpansa Agrostis suaveolens Tableau EncyclopédiqueetMéthodique (Blytt ex Sommerf.)Fr.; Sida glomerula (Trin.) A. Gray; Agrostis cinna Muhlenbergia cinna Cinna pendula and Proceedings ofthe Academy ofNat- Agrostis cinna Cinna pendula 12:115.1908, 14:590.1991. 1:31.1767, var. var. Link; Sida Sida L.; Cinna pendula var. var. 6,4(3-4): 280.1841, Fern.&Griscom; Nomenclator Botanicus Limnodea Index Kewensis 6:242-243.1994, 14(4):581-596.1991, Hook.ex B.D.Jacks.; fl Essai d’uneNouvelle Agro- 36:290,pl.7,f.4-5.1884, 14:585.1991. Cinna agrostoides Scribn.; glomerata oris etsesqui Flora Americae Septentri- Flora Americae bolanderi var. var. Cinna latifolia Mémoires del’Académie Muhlenbergia pendula Retz.; Observationes Botan- var. var. Retz.; (Poaceae):notcon- Blyttex Sommerf.; arundinacea var. var. Cinna pendula 1:365.1840and Scribn.ex Beal; Rhodora Cinna bolanderi (Lam.) Trin.) Agrostis latifolia (Scribn.) Vasey; var. var. acuti fl 2:238.1840, Agrostis cinna mutica Agrostis cinna Cinna arundi- oris Cinna suave- Cinna arun- 52:94-96, Cinna mex- fl Sida Flora Ros- (Goepp.) bolanderi ora 191,296, 37(436): P. Beauv. ; Vasey; 1:20, 19(1): Vasey Trans- Cinna Cinna var. 505 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Botany nal deBuenos Aires ment of Agriculture and of North America forFarmers and Students 91. 1886, tralis 1854, (Labill.) Druce; oides Sciences ofPhiladelphia edition 2.545.1856, 1852, 1: 42.1840, Graminées Species Plantarum of CanadianPlants alogue ofCanadianPlants 1842-1846 …Kjøbenhavn 1847, Indeholdende dem,derereblevne undersøgtei Aarene nelse over denkjøbenhavnske botaniske Haves Planter. 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2(2):172.1832, (Kunth) Scribn.&Merr. ( Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Poa subnudi Arundo poaeoides Steud.; 1:146-147.1815[1816], 2(5):393.1890, 24:21.1901, 21:103.1911, Proceedings ofthe Academy ofNatural Familles desPlantes (Kunth) E.Fourn.; 2:2.1839, (Labill.)Hook.f.; Report. BotanicalExchange Club. Deyeuxia poiformis 2:125.1858, Suppl.4:705.1816, 1837:256.1838, 36:290,pl.7,f.3-5.1884, Nomenclator Botanicus Calamagrostis poaeoides 2(4):202-203.1888, (ed.Scribn.)113.1890, 6,4(3-4): 280.1841, Kongliga Svenska Vetenskap- Sida fl ora 43.1812, (Kunth) Beal; Cinna miliacea Hortus Regius Botanicus var. var. Flora Rossica Anales delMuseoNacio- 14(4):586,590.1991. Kunth; (Kunth) Beal; Mémoires del’Académie Contributions to Western 3(1):57.1892, Poir.; Griseb. ex E.Fourn.; Contributions from the Mexicanas Plantas poaeoides 1:27.1804, Agrostis poiformis 2:31,530.1763, Arundo poiformis Kunth; 82.1830, Novitiarum Flo- Nova Genera et Poa subuni Deyeuxia poae- Poa poiformis 4:228.1846, 2:349.1896 2:319.1896 Encyclopédie 1:94.1799, Révision des Calamovilfa 4(13):435. Griseb. ex Catalogue edition2, (Steud.) Calama- 1:423. Poa aus- Beiträge Trin.ex Grasses Grasses Mém- Essai fl Cat- ora 2: 43: 563.1873. Chile. Indeterminate,see C. valdiviana 1978, London. 1-304. Berlin1995, euxia inBolivien: 241. 1994,Xenia Villavicencio, States NationalHerbarium Botanica 101. 1996, 52. 1995, grad) Festuceae andPaniceae], studies onsomeKashmirgrasses. VIII Tribe Agrostideae, Species Plantarum Adans. 20: 14.1953, 257, t.2,f.7.1874and chen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zuGöttingen Pl. Lorentz. 1: 34.1788, des Plantes tidinae, type Pooideae, Poodae, Aveneae, orPooideae,Poodae, Agros- barium 2000, and Suec. Mant. 511. 1763, Plantarum Genera Cinnagrostis Griseb. Eragrostideae, Eragrostidinae, perennial,armed,woody, About 2species,southern Africa, Namibia.Chloridoideae, From Greek Cladoraphis Franchet see CarlLinnaeus, Pooideae, Poodae, Aveneae, orPooideae,Poeae, Aveninae, Resembling Cinnastrum Fourn. Mesoamericana phis genus burg, W.H. BlackwellandJ.W. Thieret, “Revision ofthe 69. 1956, , Die natürlichen P 78(4):36-47.1993, rhaphidos Darwiniana Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- Cinna 48:234-236.2003. Cinna Suppl.2:640.1917, 137:1-42.1999, Brittonia . edition5.6.1754, Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow&Leningrad) 2:31,530.1763, 209,t.2,f.7.1874, Genera Plantarum 2:2.1839, Flora Mediterranea Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie Cinna (Poaceae).” klados Cinnagrostis polygama Philippi and Cytologia “aneedle.” 6:242-243.1994, einetaxonomisch-anatomischestudie… 21(2-4):439.1978. L. Agrostis 1:146-147.1815[1816], 23(3):293-324.1971,D.M.Branden- “branch,twig,youngshoot” and Species Plantarum Flora ofEthiopiaand Eritrea fl anzenfamilien, Zweite Au Mexicanas Plantas 56:437-452.1991[Cytogenetic Anales delaUniversidad deChile Revista Argentinade Agronomía Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow&Lenin- Sida 48:191-227.2003. = . Flora Mesoamericana Contributions from the United Tentamen Florae Germanicae Calamagrostis 44.1789, 14:581-596.1991, Familles desPlantes Abhandlungen derKönigli- 8:251-262.1998, Revision derGattungDey- Flora Patagónica Griseb., see Sida Cinnagrostis Griseb. 1:5.1753, 19(1):195-200. Nova Genera et 2:90-91.1886 81(5):98-

Novit. Fl. ﬂ 43.1812, 19:256- age 3:361. 6:240- Familles Genera 7:51- 2:31, Opera Flora 14d: rha- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC States NationalHerbarium Taxon and Brandenburg Species Plantarum Pooideae, Meliceae,type Claudia Opiz blades stoloniferous, auriclesabsent,liguleafringeofhairs,leaf stout, branched,long-rhizomatousorrhizomatousand Claudia Opiz zeichnis in South Africa: volstruisgras, volstruisdoring in English:ostrichgrass,spiny l 1830 and Sciences Mathématiques,PhysiquesetNaturelles Impériale desSciencesdeSaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. Linnéenne deParis era Plantarum and entire,paleapresent,2free bisexual, openpanicle,spikelets solitary, lemmasrounded Trin.; C. spinosa in South Africa: steekriet in English:sedge-stemmedl 159. 1982. tiones Monographicae 71, 162,174.1812, C. cyperoides Species the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Franch., see Eragrostis in sandybedsofdrywater courses,sometimesreferredto dunes, insandybeds,ondesertwindblown dunes, dunes, openhabitats,maritime-arenicolous,onbeach stamens, ovary glabrous,2stigmas,suitableforstabilizing Plantarum drained deepsand,overgrazed veld, see erosion control,commononloosesand,dunes,weel branches spiny, spreadingspine-tippedracemes,usefulfor South Africa. Perennial,tufted,spiny, bushy, primary ensium, … coastal dunes,deepsand,see occasionally grazed,usefulforerosioncontrol,usuallyon branches notalways spiny, spikelets clustered,sometimes South Africa. Perennial,tufted,bushy, spiny, primary Beauv.; des (Thunb.) Nees; Bull. U.S.D.A. 44:611-612.1995, Festuca spinosa ﬂ 20,40.1800, Poa cyperoides at orrolled,hardandneedle-like leaves, plants Kew Bulletin 111.1781[1782], N.M. Wolf, type (L.f.)S.M.Phillips( 22. 1794, Species Plantarum 1:838.1864,

(Thunb.) S.M.Phillips( 23.1776, = 772:69.1920, 1:66-67.1753, 1:673.1887and Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie Beckeria Florae AfricaeAustraliorisIllustra- Eragrostis cyperoides L.f.) Lotos 374.1841and 37(1):159.1982. Thunb.) Bulletin MensueldelaSociété 48:140,236,432-450.2003. Claudia ciliata Contributions from theUnited 3:67.1853, ovegrass, bristlyl Index Kewensis Prodromus Plantarum Cap- 1:67-70,73-76.1753, Cladoraphis duparquetii Mémoires del’Académie ovegrass Bernh., Eragrostis spinosa Taxon Brizopyrum cyperoi- 41:55-56.2001. Systematisches Ver- Kew Bulletin Contributions from ﬂ Flora derProvinz eshy lodicules,3 41:566.1992, Melica (L.)Opiz,see Supplementum 1:282.1893 (Thunb.) P. ovegrass 1(4):416. L. 37(1): (L.f.) Gen- Adns., 1982(3): 734,f.2.1982, 1981, jing University. Natural SciencesEdition Flora Boreali-Americana dum oedogonatum Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Arundinariinae, type spicula Cytology andGenetics Latin Clausospicula Lazarides Greek Cleachne RolandexRottb. National Herbarium 24-26, t.1.1984, Latin Michx. Clavinodum T.H. Wen less, 2glumessubequal,paleapresent,freeand cence paniculate,reducedracemes,sterilespikelets awn- ligule anunfringedmembrane,plantsbisexual, in Andropogoneae, Andropogoninae, annual,herbaceous, One species, Australia. Panicoideae, Andropogonodae, cule.” 26-33, 60-61.1983, Herb. versitatis Hafniensis Editio Decima Panicoideae, Paniceae, Paspalinae, see 399, f.1-10.1991. Northern Territory.See C. extensa Species 227. 2005. vol. 16no.3:279-299.2003, (Poaceae: Andropogoneae).” Spangler, “Taxonomy of ( cytology andecologyof indigenous Australian sorghums Australian SystematicBotany Clausospicula extensa lodicules, 3stamens,ovary glabrous,2-3stigmas,type neae).” a new Australian genusofgrasses(Poaceae, Andropogo- 1990, M.Lazarides,J.Lenz&L. Watson, “ Horti Botanici… Sorghum 12:116.1908, clava Journal NanjingUniversity. Natural SciencesEdition claudo kleis “spikelet,” Australian SystematicBotany Paspalum Moench: Andropogoneae: Poaceae)],RussellE. Lazarides “lock,key” and “aclub,aknottybranch”and “toclose,toshutup,” 846,855,1359.1759, (Z.P. Wang &G.H. Ye) T.H. Wen, see spiculum 207. 1794and Contributions from theUnitedStates L. 39:18-24.2000. Blumea 1:285.1778and Journal ofCytology andGenetics Lazarides,see 22:161-162.1987, Australian SystematicBotany Journal ofBambooResearch 1:73-74.1803and Sarga “alittlesharppoint,sting,spi- 30:279-318.1985, achne 4:591-635.1991[Taxonomy, Australian SystematicBotany = Annals ofBotany , Arundinaria Sorghum “chaff, glume.” Cytologia = 4(2):391-405.1991, clausus Cleachne Acta Literaria Uni- Methodus Plantas Systema Naturae, 1981(1):96,f.3. Contr. U.S. Natl. nodus and Clausospicula 55:141-151. “closed”and Journal Nan- Ernstia

Journal of “node.” Vacoparis 95:219- Clavino-

fl 1(4): fl 4(2): 3(2): ores- eshy 18: 507 , Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC fl the lower cence spike-like andofchasmogamous spikelets, 2 cence ofasinglecleistogamous spikelet, terminalin spikelets dimorphic,hiddencleistogenes,axillaryin axillary in glabrous nodes,ligulehairy, plantsbisexual, terminaland perennial, caespitose,wiry, branched,hollow internodes, and New South Wales. Panicoideae, Panicodae, Paniceae, About 2-3species, Australia andNew Guinea,Queensland Plantarum amous; seeCharlesEdward Hubbard, in some spikelets arecleistogamous andtheotherschasmog- Greek Cleistochloa C.E.Hubb. terminal in linear, auriclesabsent,liguleanunfringedmembrane,large herbaceous, coarse,unbranched,leafbladesnarrow and unarmed, annual, odae, Andropogoneae,Andropogoninae, One species,tropical Africa. Panicoideae, Andropogon- glume,” alludingtothenatureofspikelets. From theGreek Cleistachne Benth. 135. 1992, 508 souri BotanicalGarden Flora Mesoamericana Herbarium 100. 1999, in English:false sorghum ered withwhitehairs,usefulforerosioncontrol. cence, paniclenarrowly oblong,spikelets pedicellatecov- roots, leafbladeshispid,sheathsdarkin Tropical Africa, India. Annual, robust, coarse,erect,stilt C. sorghoides Species 153. 1901, sorghoides [1896] and 1379. 1882, cultivations, closelyrelatedto grassland, riverbanks, wastelands, alongforestmargins, old stamens, ovary glabrous, 2stigmas,openhabitats,moist twisted, paleaminute,2freeand coriaceous, upperlemmabidentateandawned, awn often single sessilespikelet, 2glumessubequal,lower glume oblong orlinear-oblong, primarybranchesbearingracemes, S.T. Blake oret bisexual, 1or2glumes,lower glumeminuteorabsent, kleistos fl fl . Ser. 5.3:t.3209.(Dec)1933. Benth.,see 46:443-527.2003. Ernstia oret sterileandreducedtothe lemma,theupper Flora of TropicalFlora Africa orescences few spikeleted, singlelooseraceme, Contributions from theUnitedStatesNational fl Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift The Flora ofBritishIndia orescence paniculate,contractedpanicle Benth. , klistos kleistos 2(1-2):22.1992, 6:335-352.1994, “closed”and 81(4):768-774.1994, , Hooker’s IconesPlantarum klistos “closed”and Sorghum = fl eshy lodiculesciliate,3 Dimorphochloa 9:89-91,155.1917. Novon chloe, chloa , type 7(21):162.1897 Annals oftheMis- Hooker’s Icones 4(1):20.1994, achne Ernstia Cleistachne “grass,” “chaff, fl 14:t. fl fl fl 51(5): orets, 8(4): ores- ores- ores-

C. rigida Species pogoneae).” kamp, “Revision ofChionachninae(Gramineae: Andro- Department ofBiology Blumea 9: 739.1920, (S.T. Blake) R.D. Webster; (S.T. Blake) Clayton,nom.illeg., non Jahrbücher fürSystematik, P icae Rariores Hubb., see and chasmogamous, type cules, openhabitats,drysandstonesridges,cleistogamous lemma coriaceous,palea2-nerved, 2freeand upper glumeandlower lemmaacutetotruncate,upper shrubby, fertile Australia, QueenslandandNew South Wales. Perennial, Blake) Journal ofJapanese Botany J. Wash.Sci. Acad. Agrostographie Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,see generate.” From theGreek Cleistogenes Keng with cataphylls, terminalin 70: 78.1924, butions from theGray HerbariumofHarvard University Europae the BotanyofNorthernUnitedStates Jarrilla achne C. sclerachne 1(19): 2.1941, University ofQueenslandPapers: DepartmentofBotany 2): 21.1891and Australia. See Bailey) 5, f.2,t.6,8.1911, utgivet avK.Svenska Vetenskapsakademien obtuse, sandstone,scrubbyareas,see mous spikelets almostglabrous,cleistogamous spikelets C. subjuncea Australia, QueenslandandNew South Wales. Wiry, bases 1915, rard; nom. illeg., non cum subjunceum Entolasia subjuncea F.M. Bailey; Journal ofEcology 3(3):161.1938, 25:354.1891and I.M.Johnst., (S.T. Blake) R.D. Webster ( Species Plantarum Blumea 15,18,20.1838and C.E.Hubb. ( Hooker’s IconesPlantarum (F.M. Bailey) C.E.Hubb. ( Botanical Magazine Queensland Dept. Agric. Bull. 80-81,160,pl.16,f.9.1812, Kew Bulletin fl Panicum subjunceum oret mucronate,dryscrub,sandstone,see kleistos The QueenslandFlora Ekman; 23:136.1933, Polytoca sclerachne 47(3):545-580.2002. Bibliotheca Botanica 1(19):1.1941,Jannink& Veld- = , University ofQueenslandPapers: 21:223.1933. (C.E.Hubb.) C.E.Hubb.; Kengia klistos Cleistochloa hubbardiana Diplachne Panicum subjunceum Cleistochloa subjuncea 18(9):540.1942, Torreya 42(2):401-403.1987. fl 1:55.1753, Dimorphochloa rigida orescence erect,chasmoga- “closed”and fl Packer (Tokyo) 39:258.1925, Flora of TropicalFlora Africa anzengeschichte und Sinensia Essai d’uneNouvelle 21:47.1921, Ekman) Cleistochloa rigida Cleistochloa rigida (F.M. Bailey) F.M. Cleistachne Benth. P. Beauv., 6:1849.1902. Arkiv förBotanik Chionachne scler- 33:t.3209.1933, 588.1848, Plantae Javan- 85:314,f.70. 5:147.1934, 10(17):16,t. 7(Bot.Bull. A Manualof fl gennao Botanische eshy lodi- Domin, Contri- C.E. Hen- Flora Pani- S.T. “to Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Raf. in dampgrassland,sometimesreferredto glabrous lodicules,2stamens,ovary glabrous,2stigmas, short, lower lemma3-nerved, paleathickened, 2 fl in herbaceous, caespitose,ligulemembranous,plantsbisexual, Panicoideae, Panicodae, Paniceae, Paspalinae, perennial, with R.B.Faden …[et al.].Berlin:Springer-Verlag 1985. /R.M.T. Dahlgren,H.T. Clifford, P.F. Yeo incooperation Monocotyledons: Structure, Evolution,and Taxonomy Rolf Martin T. Dahlgren(1932-1987), Australia: Dept.ofBotany, University ofQueensland1986; tralia Resilience, FunctioningandManagement inNorthern Aus- Amsterdam 1996;see tarum Cliffordiochloa parvispicula ecologist, authorof For Harold Trevor Clifford, Australian botanist,taxonomist, Cliffordiochloa B.K.Simon grostideae).” “Systematics oftheMuhlenbergiinae (Chloridoideae:Era- tema Vegetabilium Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,Muhlenbergiinae, see kleomai “to shut,close,” orfrom Derivation obscure,possiblyfromtheGreek Cleomena Roem.&Schult. P Cleomena Roem.&Schult. barium 2000, Schreb. Botaniska Notiser Applied Ecology grasslands ofeasternInnerMongolia,China” and growth patternsof Chen Liang,D.L.Michalk&G.D.Millar, “Theecology Monographie derGattungen 1998, Annals oftheMissouriBotanical Garden 6: 302-318.1994, trobaileya and Evolution Merrill, … 1: 220.1830]and Bull. Bot attened, 2glumesunequaltovery unequal,lower glume fl fl anzengeographie 105. 1903, orescence apaniclemoreorlesscontracted,spikelets /H.T. Clifford andR.L.Specht,editorsSt.Lucia, 1:55,58.1753,ConstantineS.Ra Contributions from the United StatesNationalHer- 41:143-173.2001. Contributions from theUnitedStatesNational “tobecomefamous.” Index Ra . 1:220.1830[also 3(4):674,676,f.3.1992, Grasses: Systematicsand Evolution Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. 300.1987, 39(4):584-594. Aug 2002. fi 113(3):291.1960, nesquianus Flora oftheSoutheasternUnitedStates 2:18,383.1817andP.M. Peterson, 78(2):208-245.1959[Beiträgezur Austrobaileya Etymological DictionaryofGrasses Tropical PlantCommunities kleio, kleiein Cleistogenes Syst. Bot. B.K.Simon,see Cleistogenes Bulletin Botanique[ 76.1949, 4(3):369-379.1995, = = “toglorify, celebrate,” Flora Mesoamericana 15:13-15.1910,E.D. 13:598.1988, speciesindegraded Taxon Muhlenbergia The Families ofthe Steinchisma Grass Systematics fi und nesque, 43:123.1994, Panicum Species Plan- 85: 631-656. kleio, kleiein Neyraudia Journal of fl 195-212. eshy and Genève Seringe : Their , type

Aus- Sys-

], ] . National Herbarium 611-612. 1995, J. Bot. From theGreek Clinelymus (Griseb.) Nevski 1914, hebecamePresidentof theNew ZealandInstitutefor F.L.S., 1912F.R.S., Cockaynemoved to Wellington in botanical collector, naturalist,teacher, explorer, 1910 traveler, 1876to Australia, ca.1880moved toNew Zealand, Leonard Cockayne,1855-1934, scientist,ecologistand Dedicated totheEnglish-born New Zealandbotanist Cockaynea Zotov barium 2000, Clomena peruviana Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,Muhlenbergiinae, type Clomena P. Beauv. 83-84. 1753, Pooideae, Triticeae, Hordeinae,see secunda decima sexta 28, t.7,f.10,3,20.1812, mata 1789, tideae).” tematics oftheMuhlenbergiinae (Chloridoideae:Eragros- 1996, 1994, 276-286. 1994, Zweite Au (edition 2)1:184.1913, Contributions to Western Botany 97. 1887, 1): 144-145.1843, Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes.Leop.-Carol. Nat.Cur. Herbarium stoloniferous, rhizomatous,sprawling, tidalmud South America, Australia. Perennial,erect,clumped, Steinchisma laxa C. parvispicula Species 562. 2003. of Botany and Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarumseuProdromus savannah, alongroadsidesandstreams,marshy areas,see Austrobaileya 2:171.1791, Systema Naturae …editio decimatertia,aucta,refor- Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- 42:554.1964, Brittonia Madroño 41:143-173.2001, 1:41.1840, 90(5):817.2003. Grasses: SystematicsandEvolution fl Revisio GenerumPlantarum 46:607-608.2003, age 1:262.1825, Flora Rossica 14d:69-70.1956, 50(1):23-50.1998,P.M. Peterson,“Sys- 42(4):427-449.1995, American Journal ofBotany kline (Sw.) Zuloaga) Contributions from the UnitedStates B.K.Simon( 3(4):676,f.3.1992, Die Natürlichen P P. Beauv., see 48:279-307.2003. Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie “abed”and Gramineae Taxon = = Die natürlichen P Hystrix Flora ofEcuador Nomenclator Botanicus.Editio 4(13):330.1852and 41:562-563.1992, Muhlenbergia Systema Vegetabilium,editio 14:7.1912, Austrobaileya 12-13.1841, Flora Mesoamericana elymos Panicum laxum Moench Genera Plantarum Species Plantarum = fl 3(3):357.1898and anzenfamilien Sida Elymus American Journal “millet.” fl anzenfamilien, 17:349-365. 68:85.2001. Ill. Fl.N.U.S. 81:622-629. Schreb. 6(3):561- Nova Acta 195-212. Taxon 19(Suppl. L. fl 23.1788 ats, wet Canad. Sw.; 2(2): 44. 44: 509 1: 6: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Wellington, wrote lishment oftheOtariOpen Air PlantMuseum at Wilton, Wellington CityCouncil,1927responsiblefor theestab- Forest Servicefrom1923andHonoraryBotanisttothe 2 yearsin1918,HonoraryBotanisttotheNew Zealand 510 169-186. 1982, modi Zealand indigenous-inducedweedsand E.J. Godley. Wellington, Govt. Print.,1967, “Some New New ZealandPlantsand Their Story. Zealand J. Bot. spectus ofthe Triticeae], 14. Au heim andS.Seybold, upon botanists 49: 13-45.1932.SeeJ.H.Barnhart, chasmogamous, in unfringed membrane,plantsbisexual, cleistogamous or perennial, herbaceous,hollow, stoloniferous,ligulean Two species,New Zealand. Pooideae, Triticodae, Triticeae, 2, No1:1-18.Mar1967. Transactions oftheRoyalSocietyNew Zealand,General ayne memoriallecture,1965:LeonardCockayne,botanist.” plement IV: Ce-Cz Sta Plants in Australia Dennis JohnCarrandS.G.M.Carr, editors, (1815-1913). Nebst Aufzählung seinerSammlungen Königlichen Botanischen MuseumszuBerlin-Dahlem ticulturists Desmond, Royal SocietyofNew Zealand pp. 443-457.1935; “Leonard Cockayne1855-1934.” 12 to14Feb,1983];Sir Arthur William Hill(1875-1941), tory ofScienceinNew ZealandConference, Wellington, (Christchurch: CaxtonPress)[Paper presentedattheHis- Cockayne. Thomson, Explorers ofNew Zealand 234. 1943, Royal SocietyofNew Zealand,Biological Sciences sometimes referredto membranous lodicules,3stamens,ovary hairy, 2stigmas, glumes reducedtosuppressed,paleapresent,2freeand ican MidlandNaturalist logical Survey ofCalifornia,Botany 604. 1848, 1810, [Marburg] 1794, num situdescribendi odus PlantasHortiBotanici rie) Zotov, see Botanisches Magazin (Römer&Usteri) fl eu andErik A. Mennega, fi A ManualoftheBotanyNorthernUnitedStates ed andmixed plant-communities.” fl . 700.Stuttgart 1993;R.Glenn, . 156.London1994;I.Urban, Dictionary ofBritish&IrishBotanistsandHor- Flora ofNew Zealand Canad. J. Bot. The LifeandCorrespondence ofLeonard Christchurch, New Zealand:[s.n.],1983 . 1:362.1965;R.Zander, F. Encke, G.Buch- 32:146.1994, Species Plantarum Feddes Repert. Beschreibung derGräser . 233-240.1997;L.B.Moore,“TheCock- . 167,168,176.London1981;Frans A. The Vegetation ofNew Zealand fl orescence spicate,spikelets solitary, Transactions andProceedings ofthe Handwörterbuch derP Elymus … 4:228.1915, 42:554.1964, Taxon 294-295. Marburgi Cattorum . 173. Wellington 1950; A.D. etagrimarburgensis, astami- , type 65: 457-467.1935-1936;Ray Taxonomic literature. Sup- 95:425-521.1984[Con- Taxon 41:562-563.1992, Obit. Not.Roy. Soc.Lond. 1:312,t.70.1853, 2:327.1880and 1:83-84,560.1753, Cockaynea laevis 4theditioneditedby 44:611-612.1995, Biographical notes Transactions ofthe 7:5.1790, J. Linn.Soc.(Bot.) N.Z. J. Bot. Leipzig1769- Geschichte des The Botanical fl anzennamen People and 73:233- , 1921, . 1916; Amer- Meth- (Pet- Geo- New 20: . Codonachne Steudel slender, Panicoideae, Panicodae, Isachneae,annualorperennial, About 10species,Old World tropicsandsubtropics,India. glumes arehollow, orreferring tothesaccatelemma. Greek Coelachne R.Br. 134. 1903. and C.E.O.Kuntze, Orth. var. of Coelachna Post &Kuntze secunda 389, t.255.1799[1800], From theGreek Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,see revision ofthegenus C. Baden,S.FrederiksenandO.Seberg, “A taxonomic Nord. J. Bot. of Yang Jun-Liangand Yen Chi,“Relationshipsamongspecies 18(1): 89-94.1998,Zhou Yong-Hong, Zheng You-Liang, ceedings oftheNew ZealandInstitute New Zealand. Auricles absent,see C. laevis New Zealand. Hook.f.) C. gracilis Species barium 2000, Genetic Resources andCrop Evolution uous, 2 branches, smalltovery minutespikelets gaping anddecid- panicle, smallnarrow paniclewithshortspreading zomes, plantsbisexual, in leaves lanceolateorlineartoovate-lanceolate, creepingrhi- sheaths rounded,liguleabsentoraminutefringeofhairs, bearded, auriclesabsent,leafblades baceous, weak,low growing, denselymatted,culmnodes fect andlarge, upper along streams,waterlogged soils,ponds,springs,wet mas, marshesandmarshy places,waterfalls, streamsides, and lemmas awnless androundedonback,paleapresent, 2free glumes moreorlessunequal andshorterthanthespikelet, Hystrix fl eshy lodicules,2-3 stamens,ovary glabrous, 2stig- Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- koilos 48:279-307.2003. fl 1:393.1840. fi

orets membranousandexserted, lower (Petrie) Zotov ( liform, caespitose,ascendingordecumbent,her- Moenchand

“hollow” and 17:449-467.1997, (Hook.f.) Zotov ( Coelachne kodon Hystrix Lexicon generum Phanerogamarum “abell”and fl R.Br., see Tomas Erikvon Post Elymus Asprella laevis oret female,2persistentbroad fl orescence anopenorcontracted = achne Nomenclator Botanicus.Editio Moench (Triticeae, Poaceae).” Tetrapogon L.assessedbyRAPDs.” “chaff, glume,scale,” the Nordic Journal ofBotany Gymnostichum gracile Flora Atlantica Transactions andPro- achne Codonachne Steudel 27:406.1895. 47(2): 191-196. Apr fl Petrie) at orfolded,leaf “chaff, glume.” Desf. fl oret per- 2:388- . Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC pusilla var. blades pointedandmostly Southeast Asia. Perennial,ascending,denselytufted,leaf cum perpusillum C. perpusilla Reinwardtia grassland, see stamens usually2,grows inopenareas,rocky places,moist lower lemmafolded,upperlanceolateand2-keeled, globose andminute,glumesglabrousorsparselybristly, panicle effuse withspreadingcapillarybranches,spikelets tufted, very slender, wiry, leafbladeslanceolateandacute, India, Western Ghats,Maharashtra.Rare,annual,erect, C. minuta 1916. 1911-1912, unterLeitungvonEricGraf vonRosen Ergebnisse derSchwedischen Rhodesia-Kongo-Expedition, ovate, upperlemmanarrowly ovate, see broadly oblong,upperglumeovate, lower lemma Florae Novae Hollandiae stamens, inmarshy soils,alonglakes, seeps,see fl and very lax,paniclebranches spreading,spikelets spaced, India, Tamil Nadu, SriLanka.Leafbladesinvolute and C. perpusilla see India, Tamil Nadu. Slender, leafblades linear-lanceolate, Prakash &Jain fi 1903, 7: 270.1897and 196. 1810, tarum places, type Coelachyropsis Bor C. perpusilla … 576.1960. 270. 1900, (Steud.) Hook.f.; Bentham ( C. simpliciuscula 1900. 7(22): 271.1897[1896]and icle lanceolate,spikelets oblong, rooting atthenodes,leafbladesnarrowly lanceolate,pan- Zambia. Perennial,low, mat-forming,slender, straggling, C. africana Species 576. 1960. India 1: 96.1854, orets denselybeardedatbase,lower lemmacoriaceous,3 liform, inmarshy places,see Bull. Bot.Survey India muscosa 7(22):271.1897[1896]and 1:55.1753, Hook. Ic.Pl. (Steud.)Hook.f.;

Coelachne pulchella Bor ( Grasses ofCeylon Gen. Pl. Pilg. 9:393.1980. Enum. Pl.Zeyl. Coelachne pulchella Hook.f.; (Arn.ex Steudel) Thw. ( (Arn.ex Steudel) Thw. var. (Arn.ex Steudel) Thw. var. J. BombayNat.Hist.Soc. Coelachne ghatica Arn. ex Steud.) Coelachne simpliciuscula Lexicon generum Phanerogamarum (Wight & Arn. ex Steudel)Munroex Prodromus t.3440.1943, 3:1156.1883, Coelachne pulchella Panicum perpusillum 1:187.1810, 373.1864, 24: 187.1983. fi 111.1956, liform, paniclefew- fl orae Novae Hollandiae Handb. Fl.Ceylon The Flora ofBritishIndia fl R. Br. var. orets obtuse,lower glume R. Br., see Naik) Grasses ofBurma Flora ofBritishIndia Handb. Fl.Ceylon Coelachne perpusilla The Flora ofBritish 58:317-318.1961, Grasses ofBurma Wissenschaftliche Syn. Pl.Glumac. perpusilla (Wight & Arn.) R. Br. var. nilagirica simpliciuscula Species Plan- Steud.; Prodromus fl 5:270. 1:208. owered Pani- 134. 187, Ved per- … 5: erally compressedellipticto ovate, 2glumesunequal and contracted spike-like racemesopenordense, spikelets lat- brane, leaves stoloniferous, auriclesabsent, liguleaciliatefringedmem- baceous, erectorgeniculate, sometimesorusually doideae, Eragrostideae,annual orperennial,variable, her- Tanzania, Pakistan, southernIndia,SriLanka.Chlori- About 6-8species, Africa, Mauritania, Arabia, Somalia, From theGreek Coelachyropsis Coelachyrum Hochst.&Nees a fringedmembrane,plantsbisexual, in decumbent, stoloniferous,auriclesabsent,glandular, ligule annual, herbaceous,unbranched,erectorgeniculate, One species,SriLanka,southernIndia.Chloridoideae, Resembling Coelachyropsis Bor culum spikelets appressed, linear, paniclesspiciformoropenwithspreadingbranches, ascending, densemat-forming,leafbladeslanceolateor or annual,variable, tufted,erectordecumbent,prostrate Southeast Asia, China;Madagascar, SriLanka.Perennial Steud.) Munro; Isachne hispidula Isachne to mucronate,paleapresent,2freeand 2 glumesbroadlyellipticmoreorlessequal,lemmaacute brous, 3stamens,weedinpaddy Cypholepis lagopoides stamens, ovary glabrous, 2stigmas,type South India,SriLanka. and C. lagopoides Species 23, 25.1971[1972], Naturae, edition12 Zeyl. chella damp andmarshy places,closelyrelatedto of Ceylon 19(115-116): 93.1881, Canad. J. Bot. in Thailand: yaaphai,wong waen Taxon Annalen desNaturhistorischen Museumsin Wien 373.1864, 25:158.1976. R.Br., see Steud.;

simpliciuscula Coelachne simpliciuscula 110.1956, Bor, see Coelachyrum fl Chiov. Bor( 52:1075-1090.1974, at almostsubcordatebase,plants bisexual, Panicum simpliciusculum koilos Steud.; Journal oftheLinneanSociety, Botany Syn. Pl.Glumac. Bor, 2:95.1767, Species Plantarum Dactylis lagopoides Taxon fl “hollow” and orets glabrousatbase,glumesgla- (Steud.) Thw.; Fl. Br. Ind. Grasses ofBurma Coeleochloa Isachne hispidula Hochst.&Nees. 49(2):250.2000. Linnaea 7:271.1896and fi 1:96.1854, elds, inmoistsoils, (Steudel)Bentham; achyron Taxon 1:71.1753, Panicum simplicius- = fl L.) Steud., orescence digitate, fl Wight & Arn. ex 16(2):221.1842 eshy lodicules,3 …576.1960, 24:512.1974, Nees ex Steud.; Coelachyropsis Coelachne pul- “chaff, husk.” Enum. Pl. Systema Grasses 75: 511 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC branched, erectorgeniculate,spreadingprostrate,in Southern india, Asia, SriLanka. Annual, slender, smooth, brevifolia and sandy soil,deserttosemidesert,alinkbetween open shrubland,limestone,drygrassland,sandandred mas, freepericarp,speciesofopenhabitatsorlightshade, lodicules freeand ceous, paleaentireandsometimesvillousonthekeels, 2 keeled, lemmassaccateandmoreorlesspaperytocoria- 512 C. Species ums in Wien 117, 131-134.1963, Istituto BotanicodiRoma 1840, Nees, see brevifolia 221. 1842, leria brevifolia lagopoides C. lagopoides in Nigeria:magaril kura coastal dunes,sand,desert,typespecies,see mas hairyandmembranous,grainrugose,goodgrazing, broadly ovate, glumesovate toellipticandmucronate,lem- tered, 6-10 stolons lackingorstoloniferous,subdigitateracemesclus- Sudan, Somalia, Arabia. Annual, looselytufted,sprawling, (Hochst. &Nees)Steud.) (Koenig ex Willd) Hochst.&Nees; brevifolia Merr.; (Willd.) R.Br. ex Hook.f.; surus lagopoides lium (Koenig ex Willd.) Hochst.&Nees; Aeluropus lagopoides brevifolia ex Willd.) R.Br. ex Hook.f.,nom.illeg., non Dactylis brevifolia folia Plantarum… . nitarum Pugillus 1: 410.1797, Fundamenta Agrostographiae Chimie, d’Histoire Naturelle etdes Arts (Burm.f.) L.; Genera Plantarum Prodromus Florae Capensis ulose, see rescence compact,glumesmucronate,pericarpwavy orrug- Graminées

brevifolium Hochst.&Nees; (Hochst.&Nees)Steud.; Eleusine Linnaea Eragrostis brevifolia DC.) (J.Königex Willd.) Kunth, nom.illeg., non Benth.; (Hochst.&Nees)Steud.; Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda 1:111.1829, Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum ﬂ (Burm.f.)Bor; Mant. 75:23.1971[1972]. orets closelyimbricate,spikelets subsessileand , type Distichlis sudanensis (Burm.f.)Senaratna( 1:7.1788, Syn. Pl. 16(2):221.1842and

Spreng.; Hochst. &Nees( 2:21.1815, Koeleria brevifolia 33.1767, ﬂ Burm.f.; Koenig ex Willd.; 23.1776, eshy, stamens3,ovary glabrous,2stig- Coelachyrum brevifolium Annalen desNaturhistorischen Muse- 1:97.1805, (L.) Trin. ex Thw.; Coelachyrum indicum Poa brevifolia Linnaea Species Plantarum.Editioquarta 8(3):357-358.1908, Eleusine lagopoides 29.1768, (Willd.) Benth.; 143,t.12.1820, Dactylis brevifolia Coelachyrum brevifolium De Fructibus etSeminibus Eleusine brevifolia Flora Indica…necnon Journal dePhysique, de Coelachyrum brevifolium 16(2):221.1842, Beetle; Plantarum MinusCog- Aeluropus laevis (Willd.) Spreng.; Coelachyrum brevifo- Annuario delReale Dactylis lagopoides (Willd) Kunth; Eleusine brevifolia Eleusine brevifolia Mant. 89:104.1819, Coelachyropsis Eleusine brevi- Linnaea Hack.; 1:211.1854. Révision des 557.1771, Hochst.& Eragrostis Eragrostis (Burm.f.) Kirkia (Koenig Eleusine Willd.; 1:394. 16(2): Enum. Trin.; Cyno- Koe- Poa Poa ﬂ 3: o- C. in Somalia:duyu,dooyo Kew Bulletin Bulletin ofMiscellaneousInformationKew scrub, semideserts,see grassland, sand,bushland, coastaldunes,limestone,desert upper glumemucronate,lemmaglabrousorshortlyciliate, racemose branches,spikelets onpedicels,glumesunequal, ferous withwoody stolons,knottybase,openpaniclewith Eleusine poi spreading, withwoody stolons,in Sudan, Somalia, Arabia. Perennial,denselytufted,erect, 75, t.3,f.4.1896and land, see or sandyplain,gypsum,grassland,limestone,openshrub- mucronate, grainstronglycompressed,growing onrocky glume mucronateorshortlyawned, lemmasshaggyand spikelets subsessileandovate, glumes1-nerved, upper to 18- keeled, leafbladesnarrowly linear, narrow in erect orgeniculate,ascending,withoutstolons,sheaths Yemen, Arabia. Annual orperennial, slender, denselytufted, Tropical East Africa, South Africa, Ethiopia,Somalia, tochloa appletonii (Schweinf.) Chiov.; yemenica C. open areas,in obtuse, smoothgrain,growing onredsandysoil,grassland, cate, glumeslanceolate-oblong, lemmascoriaceousand elliptic tonarrowly lanceolate-elliptic, Science Handb. Fl.Ceylon The Flora ofBritishIndia Pl. Zeyl. of Burma 51. 1881, 22(2): 89,f.1.1955, C. Museums in Wien Hubb.; C. 113. 1963. 5- to10- blades linear, ovate openpaniclewithracemose branches, Kenya. Annual, slender, geniculatelyascending,softleaf racemose, erectracemesspaced, 7-to12- tina grains, salineplains,drygrassland, and 3-nerved, lemmasellipticanddenselyhispid,rugulose Ethiopia, Asia, Pakistan, Arabia. Perennial,tufted,stoloni- Stapf) (forE.Pierce)

longiglume piercei yemenicum poi 12.1756and fl fl owered, spikes clusteredtoward thetopofculm, 19:339.1921, Eragrostis piercei 374.1864, fl orum Annuario delRealeIstitutoBotanicodiRoma owered, spikelets broadlyelliptic,glumesunequal Die Natürlichen P …488.1960,

(Schweinf.)Chiov.; (Benth.) Bor( ﬂ 1941:198.1941, ora

Acacia Napper ( Chiov. (

(Chiov.) Chiov.) (Schweinf.) S.M.Phillips( 75:25.1971[1972]. Stapf) 5:278-279.1900, Flora Capensis Hooker’s IconesPlantarum Eragrostis yemenica scrub,openshrubland,rocky places, Grasses ofCeylon Annali diBotanica Icones Plantarum Desmostachya bipinnata Coelachyrum induratum Revista Argentinade Agronomía Coelachyrum stoloniferum Annalen desNaturhistorischen Benth.; 7(22):294.1897[1896]and fl Coelachyrum Hochst.&Nees anzenfamilien Kew Bulletin fl 7:632.1900, orescence racemose,4- fl Leptochloa appletonii Eleusine yemensis ats, see Philippine Journal of fl orets closelyimbri- 79.1956, fl 4:1370.1881and 10(3):409.1912. Schweinf.; owered, spikelets 7(2):226.1952. 2(2):61.1887, 6:223.1907, Flora Palaes- Cypholepis pl.1268p. fl (L.)Stapf) orescence Kirkia Pilger; Grasses C.E. Lep- 3: 7: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Stapf, cled racemes,partialin broad leafbladeslinearand ing, culminternodessolid,auriclesabsent,ligulefringed, rather variable, herbaceous,branched,robust, clumpform- odae, Andropogoneae, Rottboelliinae,perennialorannual, About 20-21species,tropics.Panicoideae, Andropogon- 1825 du RoisurlacorvetteLaCoquillependantlesannées1822- Isidor Duperrey, a leaf,” therachisisconcave, swollen andhollow; seeLouis- cence axillary, singlecylindrical or Grasses ofBurma Natürlichen P Flora ofBritishIndia Greek Fourn., Coelorachis Brongn. Editio secunda Chloridoideae, Eragrostideae,see young grass.” From theGreek Nees Coelochloa Steud. 1753, thron brandisii Panicoideae, Andropogoneae, Saccharinae,type From theGreek Coelarthron Hook.f. 1982, l’Herbier Boissier sandstone, limestone,openstony ground,see Hook.f.Coelarthron United StatesNationalHerbarium Annali diBotanica Reale IstitutoBotanicodiRoma cellaneous InformationKew 358. 1908, Annuario delRealeIstitutoBotanicodiRoma Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien palea present,2freeand lower glumesmoothand2-keeled, upperglumeawnless, unawned, lower pairs ofsessileandpedicellate spikelets, sessilespikelet times vestigial, spikelets sometimes borneintriplets,damp glabrous, 2stigmasreddishto red,pedicelledspikelet some- . 64,t.14.1831. A Natural SystemofBotany Grass. Saudi Arabia koilos Mnesithea Coelorhachis Kirkia “hollow” and fl 1:394.1840, Hook.f.,see anzenfamilien Voyage autourduMondeexécuté parordre fl koilos koilos oret barren,2glumesmoreor lessequal, 2(App.2):41.1894and 10:410.1912, 3:117,131-134.1963, 2,62.1945, Kunth 7(21):163-164.1897[1896]and “hollow” and fl “hollow” and = orescences, racemeslinearbearing fl Brongn., eshy lodicules,3 stamens, ovary Coelachyrum 274.1989. = = rhachis 6:223.1907, Linnaea 2(2):Nachtr. 2:4.1900, fl Species Plantarum Microstegium Apogonia at, plantsbisexual, in NomenclatorBotanicus. 2ndedn.447.1836, Kew Bulletin fl 46:292.2003. Contributions from the “rachis,axis,midribof 8(3):357-358.1908, attened raceme,pedun- 75:23.1971[1972]. 16(2):221.1842and arthron Cycloteria chloe, chloa (Nutt.)E. Hochst.& Bulletin ofMis- “ajoint.” Annuario del Annalen des Nees 37(1):159. 8(3):357- Bulletin de 2:1045.

“grass, Coelar- ﬂ ores- The The Die aurita aurita suris aurita nom. illeg., non Kew times reduced,see South Africa. Perennial, tufted,pedicellatespikelets some- & Sosef) 1917, from theUnited StatesNationalHerbarium Generum Plantarum Hitchc.; aurita C. capensis Monographiae Phanerogamarum Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Costa Ricato Argentina. Swamps anddampplaces,see boellia aurita Camus; 90. 1922, cas deMatto-Grosso ao Amazonas, Botanica 197. 1921, Henrard, nom.illeg., non C. aurita in SierraLeone:fovo, tomo ical Africa Plantas 1829, Plants 1(1): 3,pl.181,f.3.1805, tarum see Botanique deFrance grasslands, swamps, freshwater, see young, usedforfencingandmatting,marshy places,marshy Tropical Africa. Perennial, tufted,erect,goodfodderwhen Koning &Sosef; 8: 143-146.1990, 293. 1986, sithea C. afraurita Species barium 1994, 29(2): 125-131.1994, 81(4): 775-783.1994, 140-143. 1990, 25. 1887and closely relatedto soils, grassland,openhabitats,woodland, savannah, [1922], Mantissa Plantarum 1916:234.1916, Kunth, type 13,114.1781[1782], (Steud.)Kuntze; (Steud.)Hitchc.&Chase,nom.illeg., non (Steud.)Kuntze ex Hitchc.&Chase; Voyage autour duMonde 1:83-84.1818, Annales delasociétélinnéenneLyon, sér. 2 Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- 46:295-296.2003. 2:63.1886, Kew Bulletin Coelorhachis aurita Mnesithea aurita (Steud.) A. Camus( Blumea 9:80.1917, Commissão deLinhas Telegraphicas Estratégi- (Steud.)Kuntze; Flora oftheGuianas.Series A, Phanerogams

Stapf ( (Stapf) Stapf( Steudel) Ann. Soc.Linn.Lyon Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGarden Manisuris aurita 4(3):515.1941, Rottboellia afraurita Rhytachne Journal ofCytology andGenetics Coelorachis muricata Mnesithea capensis Bulletin ofMiscellaneousInformation Die Natürlichen P 55:Mém.8,98.1908, 24:309-314.1970, 3(3):356.1898and Blumea Flora Mesoamericana Journal ofCytology andGenetics 2:164.1767, Manisuris aurita Blumea Révision desGraminées (Steud.)deKoning &Sosef; Coelorachis aurita The Genera ofNorth American Mnesithea afraurita (Steud.) A. Camus; , sometimesincludedin Manisuris fasciculata Supplementum Carpologicae 31(2):290.1986. Coelorachis aurita 64,t.14.1831, 31(2):290.1986. Blumea (Steud.)Kuntze; 6:311.1889, , sér. 2,68:198.1921 Bulletin delaSociété Supplementum Plan- ﬂ Stapf) (Stapf)deKoning anzenfamilien 1:361.1854, (Steud.)Kuhlm., 31(2):290.1986. (Retz.)Brongn., Blumea Flora of Trop- Contributions 67(Bot.11): 18(7):276. 6:396-397. (Steud.) A. (Stapf)de Mexicanas Manisuris Manisuris Manisuris 31:291, (Steud.) 1:153. Revisio (Lam.) Mani- 2(2): Mne- Rott- 25: 68: 513 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC C. khasiana in Thailand: yaakhaaopaa in thePhilippinesIslands:murabon Blumea the MalayPeninsula Revisio GenerumPlantarum 1832, ences Mathématiques,PhysiquesetNaturelles ale desSciencesdeSaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. Sci- Asia, Southeast Asia. See Trin.) Sosef; (Trin.) Kuntze; C. glandulosa in English:Carolinajoint-tailgrass,cylinder joint-tailgrass Flora Generum Plantarum trol, see Northern America, U.S.Perennial,usefulforerosion con- C. khasiana ing &Sosef; (Hack.) Stapfex Bor; (Hack.) Henrard,nom.illeg., non let well-developed, see spikelet contractedintowingedapiculus, pedicellatespike- acuminate, leaves margins notciliate,lower glumeofsessile India, Darjeeling,Sikkim.Leafy, leaves lanceolateand drica cylindrica Survey ofIndia History Society Zeitschrift Tropics, India. Annual, see Koning &Sosef; (Hack.) Borex Santapau; C. clarkei 514 302. 1889and sithea 1939, C. rottboellioides A.S. Hitchc.; lioides Henrard, nom.illeg., non Camus; nom. illeg., non Br.)Camus; A. (R. Br.) Druce; rottboellioides A. Camus; Hubb., nom.illeg., non nom. illeg., non

cylindrica Willd.; 17(1):85.1909,

Blumea (R.Br.) Steud.; cylindrica Ophiuros muriculatus Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum 31(2):290.1986. Coelorachis rottboellioides Hackel) Flora Boreali-Americana (Michx.) Torr., nom.illeg., non

41: 8.1891and (Hack.) Blatt.&McCann( Ischaemum rottboellioides (Hackel) Stapfex Bor(

Tripsacum cylindricum Manisuris (Michx.) Nash( 4(3):519.1941, (Trin.) Stapfex Ridl.( (R.Br.) Kuntze; Rottboellia striata 16(1):357.1953, Mnesithea glandulosa 82:33.1927, Rottboellia rottboellioides Indian Forest Records: Botany Coelorachis rottboellioides Rottboellia rottboellioides (Michx.)deKoning &Sosef; (R.Br.) A. Camus( Rottboellia clarkei Coelorachis rottboellioides 5:204.1925, 2:779.1891and Mnesithea khasiana Monographiae Phanerogamarum Coelorachis rottboellioides Blumea Coelorachis rottboellioides

cylindrica Mémoires del’AcadémieImpéri- Coelorachis rottboellioides Journal oftheBombayNatural Mnesithea clarkei Steud.; 2:780.1891and Manisuris Österreichische Botanische 31(2):290.1986. Blumea Records oftheBotanical Rottboellia rottboellioides Neesex Steudelsubsp. Blumea Blumea (Michx.)Kuntze; (R.Br.) Stapfex C.E. 1:60.1803, Rottboellia glandulosa Hack.) Coelorachis khasiana Michx.) Coelorachis khasiana Manisuris glandulosa Andropogon rottboel- (Trin.) deKoning & R.Br.; 31(2):291.1986.

Manisuris clarkei campestris 31(2):290.1986. Rottboellia cylin- (Hack.)deKon- (R.Br.) Reeder, North American 4(3):517.1941, (R.Br.) Druce) 1:360.1854, (R.Br.) Ohwi, (R.Br.) A. The Flora of (Hack.)de 1(3):101. 2(4):250. Rottboellia Manisuris (R.Br.) (R.Br.) (Nutt.) Revisio Mne- (R. 6: fertile spikelets unisexual, in leaves culm internodessolid,auriclesabsent,ligulemembranous, coarse, thick,stout,oftenrhizomatous,erect,branched, neae, Coicinae,annualorperennial,herbaceous,leafy, Andropogonodae, Maydeae,orPanicoideae, Andropogo- Some 5/6species,Europe,tropical Asia. Panicoideae, Latin same in hard globular utricles,maleandfemalespikelets onthe pound, racemesseparatedbyaprophyll, in in kind ofEgyptianpalm, From theancientGreeknameusedby Theophrastus fora Coix L. Orthographic variant of Coelorhachis Endl. wet habitats,forestmargins, swamps, type grain cropspecies,aquaticforms, swamps, shadespecies, fruits variable, ornamental, weed, cultivated foddercrop, brous, stamensabsentor3 staminodes, stigmas2,false laterally winged,paleapresent, lodiculesabsent,ovary gla- enclosing thefemalein fl fl all thefertilespikelets unisexual, withouthermaphrodite in Thailand: yaakhon Blumea India andPakistan (excluding Bambuseae) 1922, Annales delaSociétéLinnéenneLyon, sér. 2, 361. 1854, spikelet reduced,see Southeast Asia, India.Leaves margins ciliate,pedicellate de Koning &Sosef; C. striata in English:canegrass 1953, (Nees ex Steud.)Kuntze; Museum Blumea Société LinnéennedeLyon, sér. 2, Florae Novae Hollandiae Southeast Asia. Usefulforerosioncontrol,see Lachrymaria mation Kew Medikus, Lithagrostis orets, maleracemepedunculated,spikelets with2 orets bothfertile,hardutriclesaremodi fl orescence sessile,fertilefemalespikelet with2 coix, coicis Blumea Blumea fl 31(2):292.1986. 4(3):519.1941, fl 18:2.1947, at andlanceolate,plantsmonoeciouswithallthe (Neesex Steudel) A. Camus( orescence andusuallythemaleabove, female = Revisio GenerumPlantarum 1941:25.1941, Lacrymaria 4(3):519.1941, 31(2):291.1986. Lachryma-jobi Gaertn., Heist.ex Fabr., forakindofEthiopianpalm(Plinius). Rottboellia striata Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Acta BotanicaNeerlandica fl orescence, lower glumepapery and Coelorachis Mnesithea striata Hyphaene thebaica Sphaerium 1:205.1810and Bulletin ofMiscellaneousInfor- Heist.ex Fabr., fl Bulletin ofthe Tokyo Science orescences axillaryandcom- Grasses ofBurma,Ceylon, Ortega, 68:197.1921[1922], Lacryma Brongn. Kuntze 1(2):780.1891and Neesex Steudel) Coelorhachis Endl. Coix lacryma Manisuris striata (Neesex Steud.) fl fi (L.)Martius, Annales dela orescences in ed leafbase 121.1960,

Prodromus 2(2):255. 68:197. fl orets, -jobi 1: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC icae Casimiro Gomez[de]Ortega (1740-1818), 1789, Plantarum… . Coix lingulata 304. 1948, 208. 1759, edition 5.419.1754, purposes, weedspeciesofrice to poultry, cereal,asaltsource,oftenusedforornamental lected forfood,grainsseparatedfromtheshellcanbefed winged, usedforbead-curtainsandbaskets, sometimescol- cence drooping,spikelets mainly in threes,lower glume tarum jobi 8: 44-56.1961, 1201. 1986, surface ofleaves glabroustoscabrid,staminatein grass, stiff, erect,leafbladeslinearnotcordateatbase, Malaysia, Indonesia.Perennial,denselycaespitosewater Papua New Guinea,Sri Lanka,Southeast Asia, India, C. aquatica Species barium 1994, 50: 655-661.1985, L., see Coix L. König) Veldkamp; C. gigantea duei hin,lamiak,onam in Thailand: chaaifuei,phuei,chaifueai,dueaihin, Association 172. 1989, forscher lakes, wethabitats,streamsandmarshes,see mainly intriads,animalfood,fodder, weedspecies,ponds, nodes, succulent culms,sometimesdecumbentandrootingfrom China, India, Thailand, Southeast Asia. Floating,creeping, and Genetics Watt; 1994, Indian Plants Zeitschrift anicae Rariores Grasses andBamboosofIndia 100. 1897[1896]and … forscher areas, moistordrylocations,wetsituations,see 559-560, f.3.2002. of Burma 66. 1814, var. var. 30.Matriti[Madrid]1773, 2:793.1891and Coix lacryma-jobi The Grasses andBamboos ofIndia Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- Consp. Reg. Veg. Species Plantarum 46:162-163.2003. fl 23:211.1788, 23:211.1788, oating roots,leaves denselyhairy, malespikelets gigantea …264.1960, 41: 5.1891, Rev. Bot. Appl. 77(3,vi):135.1990, Syst. Nat. Roxb. ( Proceedings oftheIndianScienceCongress Koenig ex Roxb. ( Genetica Fl. Ind. 1:14-20.1966, 3:571-572.1832and 1:7.1788, Hack.) 15,18.1838, Econ. Botany (J.Königex Roxb.) Stapfex Hook.f.; Coix gigantea edition2.3:570.1832, Coix gigantea Grasses ofCeylon 74:61-68.1987, Flora Mesoamericana edition10,1261.May-June1759, Enumeratio MethodicaPlantarum 51.1828, Hortus Bengalensis,oracatalogue f. Bull. Agric. CongoBelge The Flora ofBritishIndia Flora Indica;or, Descriptionsof 2:972.1753, 31:197-211.1951, Genetica Philosophische Botanik aquatica 28:38-42.1974, 1:175.1997, Österreichische Botanische Current Science De Fructibus etSeminibus fi Chionachne gigantea J.König; elds, growing inmarshy Nucleus Revisio GenerumPlan- 74:61-68.1987, var. var. (Roxb.) Backer) Journal ofCytology 203.1956, Genera Plantarum Cytologia aquatica 1:175.1997. 37(1,2):10-15. Tabulae Botan- Coix lacryma- Blumea 6:401-402. Plantae Jav- J. Agr. Trop. Der Natur- Der Natur- 55:1200- Cytologia 54:169- 39:247- (Roxb.) 1:177. Grasses 7(21): 47(3): fl ores- The (J. . 58: 355-360.1993, nal ofCytology andGenetics 76(3, vi):177-178.1989, Proceedings oftheIndianScienceCongress Association 7(5): 220.1922, Journal deBotanique(Morot) iorum India Generum Plantarum ical MateriaMedica rescences arching,maleandfemalein 2000. Regions 51: 527-547.1986, Wuhan BotanicalResearch logia 1982, Burma Coix lacryma and membranous,leaves narrow-lanceolate andacute,in or much-branched,leafsheathshortlong,ligule and erect,prostraterootingatthenodesbelow, branched sometimes woody, ornamentalandvariable species,robust Asia. Annual orperennial,monoecious,tall,large, smooth, (L.) Kuntze) Lithagrostis lacryma-jobi agrestis C. lacryma-jobi in SriLanka:hinkirindi in India:danga gurgur, kesai in English:wildadlay stony involucre, weed,naturalized,usedasa narrowly winged,tear-shaped seeds,hardseedcoatorlarge cence surroundedbyutriclesovoid-globose, lower glume peduncle, malespikelets mainlyinpairs,female hill forest,see courses, swampy places,ditches,ondrierdisturbedground, areas, moistconditions,lowlands, nearstreams,alongwater modic, usuallygrowing alongforestedge,hotanddamp disorders, fruitsareantipyretic, antisepticandantispas- make teainJapan,rootsusedthetreatmentofmenstrual base, acoffee ismadefromtheroastedseed,seedsusedto mays people, seedseithermixed with naturalized intropics,IndiaseedseatenbytheBhil grinding, utriclesusedasbeads,grasswidelycultivated and a hardshellthathastobebroken bypoundingorrough the greenmaterialisvery palatable,theseedisenclosedin Aborigines of Australia, fodderorpoorforcattle, vigentium 1791, inibus Plantarum…. 551. 1790, Naturae, EditioDecima 50:175-184.1997, L.andmadeintobreadorpreparedlike rice,beverage 7:100.1896and 60,t.40.1820, J. GuangdongBot.Soc. …264.1960, Prodromus stirpiumin horto adChapel Allerton Lour.; 498.1987, . 28.Londini[London](Nov-Dec) 1796, Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique L.; Coix arundinacea Species Plantarum L.(alsospelled Grasses ofCeylon Coix ovata Grasses ofJapan anditsNeighboring 4:343.1812, Nucleus 1:7.1788, 2:793.1891, Current Science Fl. Trop.E. Afr. Gramineae Bull. Soc. Acclimat. 1261.1759, (L.)Gaertn.; Grassland ofChina Flore Générale del’Indo-Chine Cytologia 3(4):345-349.1985, 37(1,2):10-15.1994, Stokes; 25:140-143.1990, 2:72-73.1984, Panicum colonum 4(4):77.1890, Lam.; Flora Cochinchinensis Eclogae Graminum Rar- 2:972.1753, 55:57-60.1990, 203.1956, lachryma-jobi The Flora ofBritish Coix pendula De Fructibus etSem- 58:757-758.1989, Sphaerium lacryma Coix exaltata fl orescences on1 3(8):442.1881, 2000(5):1-5. fi ber plantby Grasses of Journal of Cytologia Cytologia L.or A Botan- (3): 857. 3:422. Systema Salisb.; ) ( Revisio Caryo- fl Jacq.; Jour- ores- Coix 515 Zea fl 2: o- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC in Laos:düay in Japan:juzu-dama(=rosary bead) in Indonesia:jali,jalibetul, watu sanklu, sankru,sohriu,tal-ka gandula ranmaka, ranmakkai,ranzondlo, ranzonnalo,sanklee, lam, netpavalam, ranjondhala,ranjondhala,makkai, koti beeja,kshudragojihva, kunch, nellumany, nethpaava- kasei, kashigegida,kassaibija,kassee,kosar, kothi beeja, beeja, kalmuthu,kasaayi,kasad,kasaiya(Bhilgroup), kaage mani,kaash,kaasha,kaattukumdumani,kalmathu gulu, gundragutta,gurgur, gurlu,gurmur, jargadi, jogimani, gharu ghas,gojivha, gorivindlu, gorivipusa, gulbigadi, garru, garun, gavedhu, gavedu, gavendhu, gavendhuka, in India:ashrubeeja,baru,dabhir, galao, gandula, gangee, mi, huit’uichaomi in China:yiren,ijen,chiehli,chishih,kan in Cambodia:neangvong, skouy, skuöy in Bhutan:ghanrey mala, gar daymala in Yoruba:tésubiyu kraalgras, tandgras,tandkraalgras,traangras;ilozisi(Zulu) in Southern Africa: Jobskrale,Jobskraaltjies,Jobstrane, perega, puboe,sankala,sisig,tasabiana,yiriforonde forondo, kalibagi,kpetehuvolo, kpoklole,mapolo,matom- gbegbena, gboe,gbolo, gbolokpo,gbolondo,gboye, jina epereka, folo,foro,forondetasebia,forondo,forondomese, in SierraLeone:ampolo,bobonivolo, bohori,bongkori, ket, porola in Senegal: balifo,boror, foror, makarambakesè, namma- in Nigeria:akaila,ngkwa eto,nkwa ikot in Morocco:habbal-barâka in Liberia:za in Ivory Coast:manquassem in Guinea-Bissau:bonco in Guinea:amberkesy, fondo,forono,wakometa amma mankam’asem in Ghana:agu,ahwinie,akrokosebia, n’aninsuwa, owu in Angola: lágrimasdeNossaSenhora in Nicaragua:sagádi,agusa,ammak,minik San Pedro,suuk-paen,zacatedecuentas ishlacashtajad, ishlacashtajat,lágrimasdeJob, in Mexico: acayacotl,acayocoyoth, acayocoyotl, arrocillo, in Ecuador:lagrimadeJob in Colombia:lágrimasdeJob,sanPedro in Central America: zacatedeperla in Brazil:capim-de-nossaSenhora,capim-rosario in French:larmesdeJob,larmilles,herbeàchapelets bead, adlay in English:Job’s tears,gromwell-read,pearl barley, corn 516 Stapf; Koyama; Coix lacryma-jobi Hook.f ( 4(4): 77.1890, Acclimat. Eclogae Graminum Rariorum C. in Thailand: madoei,dueai Regions (3): 857.1982, The Flora ofBritishIndia ex Hook.f.( in Paci in Samoa:sanasana,sanasanasamoa in Hawaii: pu’ohe’ohe,kukaekolea, ‘oheohe,pupukolea y di,[ys]d[ix] in Vietnam: bobo,c[uw][owf]m g[aj]o,hatcuom,maypat, in Thailand: duai,duei,ma doei, maduai in SriLanka:kirindi in Okinawa: shishi-dama antakan, tidbi,tigbi,tigbikai,tiguas,tikaian kudlasan, lamudias,lias,paias,paleas,palias,pintaka,tal- katayan, katayn,katigbi,kaudlasan,kibaoung,koldasan, tikai, bitogan, dalai,damau,glias,kalabugau, kambot, aglai, alimudias,apagi,atakai,balantakan,barubaioko, bin- in thePhilippinesIslands:abukai, adlai,adlay, agagai, agda, in Papua New Guinea:noi pulut, menjelai,menjilai,malaitikus in Malaysia:jalaibatu,jelaipulut,jilai Dec) 1796, vigentium Chapel Allerton de l’Indo-Chine C. lacryma-jobi in Arabic: damuayub Cochinchinensis De Fructibus etSeminibus Plantarum…. 972. 1753, times cultivated andnaturalized,see and notstriate,ornamental,medicinaluses,cereal,some- Asia temperateandtropical,China,India.False fruitovoid Gaertn.) L.; India. See J. König) Botanique Coix arundinacea C. of BritishIndia or, DescriptionsofIndianPlants

lacryma-jobi lacryma-jobi Coix ovata Coix ma-yuen ﬁ 498.1987. c: tangatanga Coix chinensis 3(8):442.1881, 3:422.1791, Coix lacryma-jobi Der Naturforscher Coix gigantea Systema Naturae, EditioDecima A BotanicalMateriaMedica 7:100.1896. 7(5):220.1922, Revisio GenerumPlantarum

Stokes; 2:551.1790,

L. var. L. var. L. var. Grasses ofJapan anditsNeighboring Lam.; subsp. Rom.Caill.)

Tod.;

gigantea lacryma-jobi

Coix exaltata ma-yuen J.Königex Roxb.; 7:100.1896and Prodromus stirpiuminhortoad Lithagrostis lacryma-jobi . 28.Londini[London](Nov- Journal deBotanique(Morot) var. var. 23:211.1788, Coix chinensis ma-yuen 60,t.40.1820, Encyclopédie Méthodique, Fl. Trop.E. Afr. Gramineae

(J. Königex Roxb.) Stapf 3:570.1832, (Rom.Caill.)Stapfex ma-yuen ( Species Plantarum Jacq.; Coix agrestis (Rom.Caill.) T. 1:7.1788, 4:343.1812, Flore Générale (Rom.Caill.) var. var. 2:793.1891, Coix gigantea Flora Indica; Coix lacryma 1261.1759, The Flora Bull. Soc. chinensis Coix L. Lour.; Flora (L.) 2: ; Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC duei hin in Thailand: boemuethee,thi,madueaihin, in India:sachipa Flore Générale del’Indo-Chine 13(2): 260.1890, für Systematik,P poses, see Southeast Asia, China,India.Perennial,ornamentalpur- Camus) (Balansa) A. nique (Morot) 1881, Société Nationaled’AcclimatationdeFrance Ind. Sem.Hort.Bot.Pan. Ann. ditional Chinesemedicinepossessingantitumoractivity, see used inmacrobioticdietsandcuisine,theseedsareatra- medicinal virtues,cereal,animalfood,fodder, handicrafts, involucre softandstriate,cultivated foritsedibleseedsand Southeast Asia, China,India.False fruitsovoid topyriform, Colanthelia McClure&E.W. Smith C. puellarum phong muethee,thi in Thailand: boe,madueaikhinon,dueikhee C. in Brazil:rosario in Japan:hato-mugi in China:yi 1994. 356-359. Aug herbal medicine Yamada, “Antitumor componentsisolatedfrom theChinese 1987, M.Numata, A. Yamamoto, A. Moribayashi,H. and C. 1906. Asia temperate, Taiwan. See maxima false fruitgloboseand Tropical Asia, Eastern India,Malaysia,Myanmar. Hard Icones Plantarum and notstriate,ornamental,usedforbeads,see Southeast Asia, China,India.Hardfalse fruitcylindrical carpa stenocarpa C. Hook.f. ( of theEconomicProducts ofIndia P New Guinea.See C. tural Ledger Coix lacryma ﬂ

anzengeschichte undP lacryma-jobi lacryma-jobi lacryma-jobi lacryma-jobi Grasses ofJapan anditsNeighboringRegions (Oliv.) Balansa; The Flora ofBritishIndia (Makino)Nakai) Coix lacryma-jobi Journal deBotanique(Morot) Stapf; 214.1904. var. var. Balansa( 4(4):77-78.1890,

Coix lachryma-jobi L. var.

L. var. L. var. ﬂ L. var. anzengeschichte undP 18(3):t.1764.1888, The Flora ofBritishIndia stenocarpa Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik, Coix stenocarpa ﬂ

Coix tubulosa

maxima attened, ornamental,see monilifer novoguineensis Coix lacryma-jobi ﬂ stenocarpa anzengeographie var. var. Oliv.; Botanical Magazine Makino( 7(5):220.1922. 5.1861, 7(21):100.1897[1896] stenocarpa G. Watt 493.1887and Botanische Jahrbücher .” in Balansa; Coix lacryma-jobi Hack.) (Balansa)Stapfex

Planta Med. 4(4):77.1890and fl Pilg. Journal deBota- Coix agrestis anzengeographie var. var. 52:171.1914. Bulletin dela (Oliv.) Stapf; , sér. 2,8:442. 7:100.1896. Coix steno- Dictionary puellarum Hooker’s Agricul- 20:10. 60(4): 498. var. var. and From theGreek Colanthelia McClure &E.W. Smith to thesmallsyn lion 1808 Fellow oftheLinneanSociety(1803,inSta lector, explorer, painter, writer, gardener, entomologist, South Africa 1811-1815,Brazil1825-1829,botanicalcol- British naturalist William JohnBurchell,1781-1863,in Munro; ali-Americana C. burchellii Species areas: epidermis]. of native woody bamboosin Argentina andneighbouring Linnean Society National Herbarium boos New World (Gramineae:Bambusoideae)], to Botany cingulata 3 stamens,ovary hairy, 2stigmas,forest,type unequal, paleapresent,3freeandmembranouslodicules, panicle orraceme,1-2spikelets slender, 1-3glumes plants bisexual, in dominant, narrow sheaths,shortrhizomespachymorph, branch complementseveral, nodeswith2ridges,1branch low, climbing,leafbladespseudopetiolate,clumpforming, weak, decumbent,scandent,woody, shrub,scrambler, hol- Bambuseae, perennial,very slender, sympodial,erect, seae, Arthrostylidiinae, orBambusoideae, Bambusodae, About 7species,easternBrazil.Bambusoideae, Bambu- Hutchinson (1884-1972), Biographical notesuponbotanists of Orchidaceous Plants Johannesburg 1952;JohnLindley, Mennega, editor, Southern Africa Rowley, Early CapeBotany its Superintendents:Involving anHistorical Account of C. Karsten, any intheUniversity ofOxford Clokie, in theHuntInstituteportrait collection Bossert, Exploration ofSouthern Africa 625-641. London1946;M.GunnandL.E.Codd, Oesterr. Bot.Z. Brazil. See isadiminutive of anthele 172-174.1999, The South African Drawings of William J. Burchell Account oftheHerbariaDepartmentBot- Arundinaria burchellii A HistoryofSucculentPlants Biographical dictionaryofbotanistsrepresented (McClure&L.B.Sm.)McClure,see 9:1-148.1973[Generaofbamboosnative tothe Suppl. III “atypeofin Trans. Linn.Soc.London The OldCompany’s Garden attheCapeand (Munro)McClure( 1:73.1803and 53:69.1903. . London1822-1824;seeHelenM.McKay, 138(1):45-55.Jan2002[Caulineanatomy fl kouleos, koleos, koleon, kouleon orescences. fl orescence simpleandexserted, aweak . Cape Town 1951;GordonDouglas 39:53.2000, ), authorof Contributions from the United States . London1830-1840;J.H.Barnhart, anthos fl orescence, alittle A BotanistinSouthern Africa “ . 141-142.Oxford1964;Mia (Munro)Hack.)(forthe fl Smithsonian Contributions . Cape Town 1981; T.W. Artrhostylidium burchellii Travels intheInteriorof ower, blossom,” referring The Genera andSpecies Botanical Journal ofthe . 1:282.1965;John 26(1):43.1868and . 1997) . 59.1972;H.N. American Bam- fl ower,” Flora Bore- Colanthelia “asheath” Botanical fl eu and anthe- 517 . . Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC absent, upperleafsheathsin annual, dwarf, small,decumbent, herbaceous,auricles Pooideae, Poodae,Poeae,or Agrostidinae, One species,northern Asia, centralEurope,North America. C. intermedia Naturelles tiques, PhysiquesetNaturelles. SecondePartie: Sciences de SaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. SciencesMathéma- Brazil. See C. distans f. m-u.1967. Flora Ilustrada Catarinense Brazil. Scandent,lowland, secondaryforests,coastal,see cingulata From theGreek Coleanthus J. Seidel C. lanci habitats. Brazil. Forming denseandimpenetrablethickets, moist intermedia C. cingulata 518 Brazil. Spikelets few- lanci Schmiedtia brane, plantsbisexual, contractedin cence, narrow leafbladeslinear, liguleanunfringedmem- C. rhizantha Brazil. See Hack.) Brazil. See stachya C. macrostachya tats, see Sternb. ex Roth, 1909. spikelets inglobular clusters,1- Samuel Ra Phaenogamarum inGermania Vegetabilium des Österreichischen Kaiserthumes margins, type lodicules absent,2stamens,ovary glabrous,2stigmas,pond lemma keeled withashortsubulate awn, paleapresent, National Herbarium berg 1852and Beiträge zurFlora derCap Verdischen Inseln select. nov. vel rariorum,etc.187.Philadelphia 1840, fl ora Nees) fl Kew Bulletin McClure&L.B.Sm.) ora McClure&L.B.Sm.; (Trin.) McClure( McClure&L.B.Sm.) 3, 1(6):621.1835. fi Mémoires del’AcadémieImpérialedesSciences Repert. Spec.Nov. Regni Veg. Linnaea nesque, (McClure&L.B.Sm.)McClure( (McClure&L.B.Sm.)McClure( 2:11,276.1817, Raf., (Hack.)McClure( (McClure&L.B.Sm.)McClure( Coleanthus subtilis koleos Contributions from theUnitedStates (Nees)McClure( 9(4):481.1834. Wilibalda 48:237,608,614,694.2003. Smidetia Autikon botanikon 42(2):924.1987. fl “asheath”and owered, montaneplant,moisthabi- = 1(GRAM-Supl.):50-52,t.9, Arundinaria distans fl ated embracingthein Schmidtia 1(1):92.1827,Constantine Raf., Roth fl Chusquea effusa (Tratt.) Seidel,see owered, glumeslacking, Enumeratio Plantarum Arundinaria rhizantha 1:12.1816, fl orescence paniculate, Arundinaria macro- Wilibalda anthos . Iconesplantarum 7(149-151): 323. Tratt., 154.Heidel- “ fl Aulonemia Aulonemia Aulonemia Trin.) ower.” Renv.)

Systema ﬂ Flora ores- Kunth National Herbarium 342, f.143.1970, Dahlem blatt desBotanischen Gartens undMuseumszuBerlin- 1879] and der Wissenschaften zuGöttingen 1879 [alsoin 163. 1829, Flora Brasiliensis seuEnumeratio Plantarum rioides Panicoideae, Paniceae, Panicinae, type bon.” From theGreek Coleataenia Griseb. nia Press,Philadelphia1964. Flowering PlantsofMexico Kaplan Langman, in theHuntInstituteportrait collection Bossert, graphical notesuponbotanists Colladon, 1792-1862,botanist;seeJ.H.Barnhart, Probably aftertheSwissphysician Louis Théodore Frédéric Colladoa Cav. Emmet J.Judziewicz etal., Naturale delChili… quila Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Chusqueinae,type Coliquea Steud.exBibra barium 1999, Smithsonian InstitutionPress, Washington andLondon 1997 [Diversity, biogeography and evolution of Mesoamericana naturwissenschaftliche Klasse serlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch- Synopsis Plantarum de Chimie, d’Histoire Naturelle etdes Arts tia utricularia des SciencesNaturelles, Botanique Plantarum Canada, U.S.Clustersofumbel-like spikelets, see Raspail) Wilibalda subtilis C. subtilis Species (Molina)Steud.ex Bibra, see Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- Griseb., see 39:36-52,53.2000. 11(104):243.1931, Biographical dictionaryofbotanists represented (Tratt.) Seidel( 2:991.1753, Symbolae adFloram Argentinam Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. Abhandlungen derKöniglichen Gesellschaft J.Presl&C.Presl; 6:202-210.1994, koleos (Tratt.) Roth; A SelectedGuidetotheLiterature onthe = 1:254.1822, Contributions from the UnitedStates 46:163,306-441.2003. Species Plantarum 154-155. 1782, Ischaemum “asheath”and Flora Cechica Schmidtia subtilis = . 210.University ofPennsylva- American Bamboos Panicum Gramíneas Uruguayas 5(2):115.1853and . 1:366.Boston1965; T.W. = Phys. Cl.24(1):1-345. Zizania subtilis 15: 13-15.1910, 5:452,458.1825. Denkschriften derKai- L. Smidetia humilis Chusquea The Bamboos Journal dePhysique, Coleanthus J.Seidel Saggio sullaStoria tainia 12.1819, L. Coleataenia gyne- 1:55,58.1753, . 80.1972;Ida 95:151.1822, 308.Göttingen Tratt.; “ 2(1):162- ﬁ Chusquea . 199-223.

llet, arib- Coliquea (Tratt.) Schmid- Annales 33-44. Species Notiz- Raf.; Flora 341- Bio- ], Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 4(14): 640.1853and United StatesNationalHerbarium Botanical Garden Mesoamericana 382. 1848, Greek Bartl. (Caryophyllaceae), Colobanthus (Trin.) Spach From theGreek Sphenopholis Colobanthium (Reichb.) G. Taylor 23(4): 245-262.1999, (Willd.) P. Beauv., see Pooideae, Poeae, Alopecurinae, type glume.” Greek Colobachne P. Beauv. Mesoamericana 1(Suppl.): 330.1906, decima sexta sponte … 1. 1791, type pogoninae, orPanicoideae, Andropogoneae, Ischaeminae, Panicoideae, Andropogonodae,Andropogoneae,Andro- Colobachne P. Beauv. 48: 97-106,237.2003. Contributions from the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Mediterranea Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie forschender Freunde zuBerlin,neueSchriften Flora Pedemontana Plantarum nea cow &Leningrad) damenta Agrostographiae Horti Regii Berolinensis Altera see Pooideae, Poodae, Aveneae, orPooideae,Poeae, Aveninae, 614-617. 2003. tributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 1974, Flora of Alaska and Adjacent Parts ofCanada ual ofthe Vascular Plants 1966, and kolobos 7:204-213.1997, Der Deutsche Botaniker Herbarienbuch Rhodora Colladoa distachia Flora ofthe Yukon Territory Flora of Alaska andNeighboring Territories; A Man- kolobos kolobos “stunted,mutilated”and Icones etDescriptionesPlantarum,quaeaut 5: 37,t.460.1799, 2:1049.1753, Botaniska Notiser 1:298.1825and 8(92):142.1906, 8:307-313.1998, “stunted,mutilated”and “stunted,mutilated”and 6:386-387.1994, Scribn. 6:242.1994, 81(4):784-791.1994, kolobanthes 81(5):98-101.1996, 2:232.1785, North Amer.Fl. Regnum Veg. Watsonia Species Plantarum Opera Botanica Cav. [also 59.1820, i-xxi,1-1008.1968, Icones StirpiumRariorum = 1851:69.1851, Philippine Journal ofScience Systema Vegetabilium,editio “bearingstunted Sphenopholis 1:74.1821, Alopecurus 21:365-368.1997, Turkish Journal ofBotany i-xvii,1-669.1996, Annals oftheMissouri anthos Der Gesellsschaft Natur- Index Kewensis 46:275-276.2003. = distachya Contributions from the Enumeratio Plantarum 127:17.1993, Colobachne vaginata 22,158.1812, 17:94.1909, Colobanthus 137:1-42.1999, . anthos Bot. Zhurn.(Mos- Flora Mediterra- 1:60-61.1753, 1(2):149.1841 Linnaea achne = Flora Rossica ], see L. i-xvi,1-724. 3:44.1801, Scribn. “ Anderson’s ﬂ ﬂ 13:33. ower.” “chaff, owers,” Species 21(3): Flora Flora Flora 1,t.

Con- Fun- 48: Tzvelev, 617. 2003. from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 1841 and 49, f.2.1831, Physiques etNaturelles Saint Pétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. SciencesMathématiques, see Pooideae, Poodae, Aveneae, orPooideae,Poeae, Aveninae, an unfringedmembrane,leafblades or stoloniferous,decumbenterect,auriclesabsent,ligule nial, tufted,herbaceous,unbranched,shortlyrhizomatous Africa, Kenya, Lesotho. Pooideae,Poodae,Poeae,peren- North temperate, Turkey, Nepal,easternSiberia,Caucasus, Some 3( ing, loose,like abay, turgid, embosomed.” From theGreek Colpodium Trinius Plantarum bisexual, openin (Tzvelev) Tzvelev Keniochloa sometimes contracted,spikelets 1-to4- structure inseedplants.” Jeffrey L.Bennetzen,“Theevolution ofnucleargenome Herbarium Africa.], see Vyss. Rast. stevenii 601-607. 1994[Thegenus 70(12): 1698-1699.1985, East AegeanIslands Rast. Sist. Vyss. 1320. 1965, high mountains,asegregate from branous lodicules,3stamens,ovary glabrous,2stigmas, nous, paleakeels smoothandnonscabrid,2freemem- upper glume1-to3-nerved, lemmastoothedandmembra- to acuteglumesunequalsubequal,lower glume1-nerved, 1956, ingrad 1964, of theRussian Arctic] 2:172. Akademija naukSSSRLen- ganzen UmfangderP Agrostographiae veaux genresdesGraminées. 97,119.1812, 2: 495.1763, 5: 578.1884and [1846], zur P Species Plantarum Mémoires del’AcadémieImpérialedesSciences fl Grasses ofBurma anzenkunde desRussischen Reiches Trin.( Flora Rossica sensu stricto Contributions from theUnitedStatesNational 305.1830, Rhodora 1:5-19.1964, Hyalopoa 48:237-238.2003,Elizabeth A. Kellogg and Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. Essai d’unenouvelle Agrostographie Melderis, Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow&Leningrad) Colpodium versicolor 18:86-95.1981, Histoire Naturelle des Végétaux 119,t.7.1820, kolpodes, kolpoeides Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift fl 8(92):142,144.1906, orescence paniculate,panicleopenor 9:486-501.1985, fl 1:61-63.1753, )/20 species,montane,highaltitude 4(13):385.1852, anzenkunde (Tzvelev) Tzvelev, Reliquiae Haenkeanae 1(1):66.1830, …529-530.1960, = Am. J. Bot. Arkticheskaia Flora SSSR Nordic Journal ofBotany Paracolpodium Catabrosella Colpodium 2:37,58.1821, Flora of Turkey andthe Neue Entdeckungen im 17:4-10.1980, 91:1709-1725.2004. Poa “like abreast,wind- (Steven) Schmalh.), fl Familles desPlantes at orfolded,plants fl Ordines Naturales , type Bot. Zhurn.SSSR (Gramineae)in owered, 2obtuse Flora Orientalis 50(4):538,540. (Tzvelev) 48:237,614- 2:64.1845

Contributions Novosti Sist. Fundamenta 2(1):13,t. Colpodium 13:163. , ounou- Beiträge Novosti 50(9): 14(6): [Flora 519 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC sis colchica C. chionogeiton Species 520 C. lanati 50: 1320.1965. 4(13): 384.1852and Eurasia, Russia.See Tzvelev) 2. 1930, Novarum Regni Vegetabilis, Beihefte Dahlem blatt desBotanischen GartensundMuseumszuBerlin- Africa, Kenya. Narrow andcontractedpanicle,see C. 606, f.3.1994. Lesotho, South Africa. See C. drakensbergense Rast. Sist. Vyss. C. colchicum Rast. Sist. Vyss. Keniochloa chionogeiton E.B. Alexeev; Pilg.; Russia. See (Roshev.) Tzvelev; C. oreades Vyss. Rast. Colpodium chionogeiton ogeiton tabilis, Beihefte Russia. See icle withspreadingstiff branches,spikelets 1- sheaths papery, leaves keeled andfolded,liguleacute,pan- tufted, prostrateorascending,stoloniferous,basalleaf Africa, Russia,Europe.Perennial,rare,tuftedtoloosely auctt.; C. hedbergii Turkey. See Tzvelev) C. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift temporary pools,alongsmallstreams,sedgemeadows, see glumes subequalorequal,onmoistground,wetplaces, Bieb.) Tzvelev; abrosa humilis Heynhold (1800-ca.1860), Colpodium humile 1808, China, Russia, Turkey. See Bieb.) Heynh.)

1:361.Dresden,Leipzig1840-1846, humile ﬁ brosum Agrostis oreades Keniochloa hedbergii Fundamenta Agrostographiae var. var. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 9(87):510.1926, ﬂ Albov;

orum 1966:32.1966. (M. Bieb.) Griseb. ( (Peter)E.B. Alexeev ( Flora ArcticaURSS Repertorium SpecierumNovarum Regni Vege- oreades Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. Trautv.( (Melderis) Tzvelev ( (Albov) Woronow ex Grossh.( (M.Bieb.) Trin.; Keniochloa chionogeiton 40(Anhang1):87,f.2.1930, (Roshevitz) Tzvelev ( 1966:33.1966. 17:8.1980. Colpodium humile (Pilg.) Tzvelev ( (M.Bieb.) Griseb.; Paracolpodium colchicum Poa lanati (Peter)Melderis) Hedberg &I.Hedberg Flora Kavkaza Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow&Leningrad) Peter; (Pilg.) Tzvelev; var. var. Catabrosella 50(4):542,f.1,1-2,2.1956. Nordic Journal ofBotany Nomenclator BotanicusHorten- Flora Taurico-Caucasica Melderis) fl oreades Aira humilis Colpodium oreades ora 2:172.1964, Repertorium Specierum 50(4):540.1956, Catabrosella humilis Roshev.) Lange,nom.illeg., non Agrostis oreades Agrostis chionogeiton 1:111.1928, 1966:33.1966. 40(Anhang1):87,f. Catabrosa aquatica 136.1820,Gustav (Peter)Melderis) Hyalopoa lanati Glyceria humilis fi Keniochloa chion- (Pilg.)Melderis; brosa M.Bieb.; Flora Rossica Novosti Sist. Svensk Bot- (Trautv.) Catabrosa (Albov) fl owered, (Peter) Novosti Novosti Peter; 14(6): 1:57. Notiz- fl (M. Cat- (M. ora Vyss. Rast. purple, see Hook.f. ex Stapf; C. wallichii 127. 1928. Flora Orientalis [1896] and India, Bhutan,Sikkim.In Stapf) E.B. Alexeev) Steven; Russia. See Woronow ex Grossh.; spelled Boiss.; rhizomatous orstoloniferous, usuallywithlongprostrate ceous, slender, nonwoody, branched,coarse, solid, inae, orPanicoideae, Paniceae, Panicinae, perennial,herba- Three species,tropical Africa. Panicodae, Paniceae, Setari- Resembling Commelinidium Stapf schelkownikowii C. versicolor 32. 1966. C. 591-601. 2003. tributions from theUnited StatesNationalHerbarium Rossica plantarum orientaliumnovarum, ser. 1, Russia, Turkey. Indampsoil,alpineslopes,see descrizione dellepiante… liana Canada, Russia.Caespitose,curlyroots,see cinellia vahliana Puccinellia vahliana 1934] 1910, butions from theUnited StatesNationalHerbarium 139-140. 1869, Förhandlingar: Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademien Liebm.; anisk Tidskrift C. vahlianum 270. 1953, India, Tibet, Himalaya.Plantrobust, see Alexeev) C. tibeticum 17: 8.1980. vahliana K. Richt.;

variegatum 27.1823, , BotaniskaNotiser Fl. SSSR 4(13):384.1852and variegata Catabrosella variegatum Catabrosa versicolor (Liebm.)Á.Löve andD.Löve; Puccinellia vahliana 18:94.1981. Glyceria vahliana Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. (Hook.f.ex Stapf)Bor( The Flora ofBritishIndia Fundamenta Agrostographiae Kew Bulletin Commelina Bor(

50(4):540.1956, (Steven) Schmalh.( (Liebm.) Nevski ( Fl. Danica 2:436,470.1934[

Plantae Europeae Grossh.; 5:579.1884and (Liebm.)Scribn.&Merr.) ) (Boiss.) Griseb. ( Paracolpodium wallichii Paracolpodium tibeticum (Liebm.) Tolm., nom.illeg., non Colpodium stevenii . fl 128(4):501.1975[1976], 1953:270.1953, 2401.1845, orescence araceme,glumesdark Colpodium versicolor 1:366.1848, Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. = (Liebm.)Scribn.andMerr.; (Steven) Boiss.; (Liebm.) Th. Fr.; Atropis vahliana Acroceras 1:92.1890and Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. (Boiss.) Tzvelev, also 18:95.1981. Flora Kavkaza Commelinidium Stapf Catabrosa variegata Flora URSS Agrostis versicolor Flora italiana,ossia Catabrosa wallichii 1(5):1.1844, 7(22):312.1897 Kew Bulletin Trin.) 119,t.7.1820, Chloris Melvil- Stapf Poa vahliana (Hook.f.ex Novosti Sist. Öfversigt af (Bor)E.B. Colpodium Diagnoses (Steven) (Liebm.) Phippsia 2:436. 1:111, 13:78. Contri- 1966: Flora 8(2): Con- Puc- 48: 26: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC fl late orspicate,solitarypairedspikelets, to ovate-lanceolate, plantsbisexual, in membranous ligule,leaves lanceolatetolinear-lanceolate often rootingatthelower nodes,auriclesabsent,narrow base, trailing,creepingordecumbent-basedculms,leaning, Comopyrum (Jaub.) Á.Löve in SierraLeone:ngale 17: 64.1955, Africain Tropical Africa Series A, PhanerogamsSeries A, und P Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P de laSociétéd’Histoire Naturelle d’Autun burg unddieangrenzenden Länder lungen desBotanischen Vereins fürdieProvinz Branden- Nouvelle Agrostographie blades ovate, fodder, foundinforestshade,see bling, prostrateatthebase,rootinglower nodes,leaf West tropical Africa, Gabon, Tanzania. Perennial,scram- K. Schum.; 5-nerved, paleapresent,2 unequal glumes,lower glume3-to5-nerved, upperglume (Stapf) Roberty; Commelinidium nervosum Clayton; C. gabunense Species Herbarium 210. 1995, cana Darwiniana 1-260. 1983, Brittonia dromus einerFlora vonSüdwestafrika any 97-103. 1954, 1949, Heredity: An InternationalJournal ofGenetics tens undMuseumszuBerlin-Dahlem 26(7): 664.1921[1920], Bulletin duMuséumNationald’Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 210. 1915, ense often referredto water, marshy ground,forests,streamandlake margins, running freshwater, understory, dampplaces,shallow 3, ovary glabrous,stigmas2,shadeandopenhabitats,near oret sterileormale,upper 52(5):1075-1090.1974, (Hack.)Stapf,see 6:329.1994, Bull. Soc.Bot.France fl anzengeographie 398.1954, 23(3):293-324.1971, Commelinidium mayumbense 46:13-14.2003. Flora of TropicalFlora Africa Contributions from the UnitedStatesNational 30(1-4):87-94.1990, Panicum mayumbense (Hack.)Stapf( Kew Bulletin Darwiniana Grasses ofBurma 9:627-629.1920, Panicum gabunense Acroceras Bull. Inst.Franç. Afrique Noire Flora ofEthiopiaand Eritrea 8:42-45.1990, 24(3):332.1897and North American Flora North American 52,53,t.11,f.1.1812, fl Notizblatt desBotanischen Gar- 28(1-4):191-217.1987[1988], 34(3):557.1979[1980]. eshy andfreelodicules,stamens fl Stapf; 97:84-85.1950, , type oret bisexual orperfect,2very Acroceras gabunense Las Gramíneas deMéxico Canadian Journal ofBot- …275-276.1960, Franch.) Petite Flore del’Ouest- Commelinidium gabun- 31:70.1889, 9: 621-622,627.1920, Flora oftheGuianas. Hack.; Echinochloa nervosa 11(104):240.1931, fl 160:1-228.1970, (Franchet)Stapf; Flora Mesoameri- orescence panicu- fl anzengeschichte fl Panicum hensii 8:343.1895, orets 2,lower Cytologia 3:369-374. Essai d’une 3(2):200, Verhand- Flora of 7:209- (Hack.) Bulletin Sér. A, Pro- 19: 1: Comopyrum Comopyrum Repert. Biologisches Zentralblatt 611-612. 1995, Agric. Univ. Wageningen Pap. Orientalis 1050-1051. 1753, Pooideae, Triticeae, Triticinae,see pyros 655. 1960, Ceylon, IndiaandPakistan (excluding Bambuseae) Blumea, Supplement Novarum Regni Vegetabilis Herbarium 14. 1990, 23, 238.2003. butions from theUnited StatesNationalHerbarium From theGreek Comopyrum (Jaub.) Á.Löve absent, narrow leafbladeslinear acuminate,uppersheaths Poodae, Aveneae, annual, branched,herbaceous,auricles Two species,easternMediterranean,Iraq.Pooideae, Cornucopiae, theemblemof fruitfulness andabundance. Cornucopiae L. Annali diBotanica in States NationalHerbarium (L.) Neesex B.D.Jacks., see coideae, Paniceae, Paspalinae, type Panicoideae, Panicodae, Paniceae, Setariinae,orPani- Society Arnott Walker Arnott, chloe, chloa Greek Coridochloa Nees From theGreek Corethrum Vahl 1988, Botanical Journal oftheLinneanSociety of theMissouriBotanicalGarden 1966, Vahl, see Name ofuncertainapplication,type and Queensland Agricultural JournalQueensland Agricultural Genera Graminum “grain,wheat.” Flora of Tropical East Africa ASBS Symposium1990:Indo-Paci koris, koridos . 15:381.1833. 95(7-8):493,495.1984, Skrifter afNaturhistorie-Selskabet 5:675.1884and Contributions from theUnitedStatesNational Feddes Repert. 46:16,163.2003. “grass,younggrass”;seeRobert Wight andG. Á.Löve (Jaub. &Spach)Á.Löve, Flora de Veracruz korethron kome Flora Graeca 13:47.1914, “aspeciesof 3:15,17.1946, “hairofthehead,tufthairs”and 376.1999. The Edinburgh New Philosophical = 101(2):206-208.1982, 91:225-228,233-234,236.1980, “broom.” Alloteropsis 12(6):210.1909,F.M. Bailey, Beih.55:84,90,117.1929, Contributions from theUnited 94-7:1-512.1994, Taxon 1:75,t.94.1806, Repertorium Specierum 114:1-16.2000, Willdenowia Hypericum 451-898.1982, . 27:69,t.XIX.1911, Species Plantarum Coridochloa cimicina 75:866-873.1988, Corethrum bromoides = 41:552-583.1992, Grasses ofBurma, Aegilops fi Presl c Biogeography 97:255-259. 6:85.1810 , abug” and 4:209,21. Taxon 48:20- L., Contri- Feddes Annals 653- Flora 44: 521 2: , Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Linnean Society, Botany Seconde Pt.Sci.Nat. Mém. Acad. Imp.Sci.SaintPétersbourg, Sér. 6,Sci.Math., 60-61. 1753, curus cornucopiae 1767, Mediterranean. See C. alopecuroides Species 1921, Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis brous, 2stigmas,type nerved, paleaandlodiculeslacking,3stamens,ovary gla- subequal, lower glume3-nerved, upperglume2-to3- tate, paniclewithdentatecupuliforminvolucre, 2glumes dorado/de leaves orleafblades.“Querodeaunalaguna/consupajonal atum, are From Cortaderia Stapf 1885 and Sciences Naturelles Mathématiques, PhysiquesetNaturelles. SecondePartie: Sciences deSaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. Sciences Mediterranean. See C. cucullatum in 522 Ascasubi, cortar or gynodioecious,in harsh, liguleadenserimofhairs,plantsbisexual, dioecious of ligule present,leaves mostlybasalorcrowded atthebase socky, caespitose,robust andcoarse,hollow, unbranched, ideae, Danthonieae,perennial,large, erect,denselytus- Arundinoideae, Danthonieae,Cortaderiinae,orDanthonio- About 15-27species,mostlySouth America, New Zealand. occasionally hermaphrodite,2-5developed silky plumosebranchedpanicle,spikelets unisexual or rudiment, plants (gynodioecious),withhermaphrodite out hermaphrodite not strongly lemmas awned orslender-pointed, themedianlemmaawn 1- to3-nerved, several hairywhiteandpaperylemmas, areas, openhabitats,arather heterogeneousgenus,inter- pampas, cultivated, ornamental, lawn specimens, wetter plumose stigmas,noxiousweed species,inweedyplaces, 2 callus infemalelongsilky-hairy andpointed,paleakeeled, fl fl fl ated subtending1-several panicles,in eshy andciliatelodicules, stamens3,ovary glabrous, owering shoot,auriclesabsent,leafbladeslinearand “tocut,toharvest, pick,” fromtheLatin Mant. Pl. Regnum Veg. cortadera ( Kew Bulletin Santos Vega fi fl curtus losa cortadera/coronadadepenachos.” (Hilario orets hermaphroditeorfemaleonseparate Flora Caroliniana, secundum… fl L.( attened, lateralslemmaspresent orabsent, 29.1767and , the Argentine name;fromtheSpanish L. ) “toshorten”;theplanthassharp-edged (L.) Trin.), see fl 127:38.1993. Alopecurus cornucopiae Mémoires del’AcadémieImpérialedes orets, glumestransparentandpersistent 6,4(1-2): 46.1840, Systema Naturae, edition12 fl ). = orescence asmallorlarge silvery Cornucopiae cucullatum 20:446.1966. 6,4(1-2): 46.1840, 24:440.1888and Moorea Taxon Species Plantarum Lemaire 49(2):249.2000. 17(19-30):293. Flora fl orescence capi- (L.) Trin.) Journal ofthe fl orets orwith- fl 73-74. 1788, Repertorium 68(7):126. orets anda L.( curto, avi, 2:85. Alope- 1:54, Macro- andmesoclimateofthe tude physical environment andvegetation ofthe 712. July1999[BrazilianPáramosI. An introductiontothe af 86: 140-144.1999, dioecious Bailey andDeborahL. Marr, “Seedprovisioning ingyno- Syst. Bot. 1995, S.A.Renvoize, Mesoamericana deria worth, “Geneticsofmale-sterilityingynodioecious of Botany Botanical Gazette Taxon 1980, tation patterns,plantdistribution andlife formsacrossthe Ecology and typesof tochem. and CostaRica.” actions.” tions fortheecologyandevolution ofplant-herbivore inter- of hybridization in plantsonsecondarychemistry:implica- 26(4): 913-932.July1999,Colin M.Orians,“Theeffects Zealand WorldHeritage Area.” ecological patternsinanintactestuary, SouthwestNew July 1999,K.J.M.Dickinsonand A.F. Mark,“Interpreting 595-605. 1974, 82: 165-170.1979, Wetenschappen. SeriesC,biological andmedicalsciences 1978, 1939. 1976, in and A.W. Purdie,“Inheritanceoftriterpenemethyl ethers 1961, tematik und Anatomie der Arundineae 9: 519-525.1971, tochem. Zealand Journal ofBotany 1963, J.Res. Agric. grading with Asch. &Graebner),see (Nees) Stapf( Mus. Nac.Hist.Nat. 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[Smithsonian Acevedo; 29(5-6):593- 46:163-166, Contributions Diversity & var. var. Gynerium Carrière; 110(1): Journal (Nees) Speg.; (Gera- . Lon- Ace- pata- Con- Cor- Aus- C. bi in English:pampasgrass,Selloagrass Arundineae schichte undP and spitose, erect,large, tussocky, leafblades South America, Peru,Bolivia, Colombia.Perennial,cae- rard; Chile, Argentina, Bolivia. See C. atacamensis bi shortly hispid,2-4 loose terminalpanicleoblongwithscabrousbranchesor old leafsheathscurlingatthebase,ligulearimofhairs, de HistoriaNatural abilis 400. 1903, in United States 1997; J.Ewan, editor, Succulent Plants cal Garden1992;GordonDouglasRowley, Botánica Taxonómica deChile Mass. 1917-1933;ClodomiroMarticorena, of the Arnold Arboretum ofHarvard University New Guinea,New Zealand.See archboldii C. archboldii in Colombia:carmín,pastodetrenza in English:pampasgrass Bot. ogy andevolution ofplant-herbivore interactions.” in plantsonsecondarychemistry:implicationsfortheecol- 596. 1974,ColinM.Orians,“Theeffects ofhybridization collection nary ofbotanistsrepresented intheHuntInstituteportrait 156. 1975. Taxon Buenos Aires plumes, see Chile, Argentina. Ornamental,silvery creamyfeather-like delimited on3rdMar, 1962).Cape Town 1977) Falkland IslandsandtheFalkland IslandDependencies Patricia Henwood Laver, Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb botanists atik, P forests, subpáramos,see subequal, lower lemmapilose, páramos,roadsides,scrub 101. 1961. 1921, 375. 1906, fi Bernice P. BishopMus.Bull da 87:1749-1756.2000. Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P Cortaderia trianae 10(243-247):169.1911, fi var. var. 23(4):596.1974, Die Systematikund Anatomie der Arundineae fl da anzengeschichte undP . 3:285.1965; T.W. Bossert, Pilger( . 370.1972;E.M. Tucker, (Hitchc.)Conert; bi 90.1961. Repertorium SpecierumNovarum Regni Veget- Mededeelingen van’s Rijks-Herbarium Anales MuseoNacionaldeHistoriaNatural de 7:194.1902, fi . New York andLondon1969;E.D.Merrill,

da ﬂ (Hitchc.) Connor&Edgar (

anzengeographie (Phil.) Pilg.( . Strawberry Press,Mill Valley, California ; Cortaderia bi Cortaderia aristata fl 27(4):239-240,f.7.1959, owered withasmallrudiment,glumes . 30(1):278-282.1947;Margaret A ShortHistoryofBotanyinthe Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystem- Stapfex Conert) An Annotated Bibliography of the Senckenbergiana Biologica Gardener’s Chronicle, ser. 3 Danthonia archboldii Gynerium atacamense . 518-521.MissouriBotani- Linnaea Boletin delMuseoNacional fl anzengeographie . 144:171-173.1937and fi 37:374.1906, Brittonia da Catalogue ofthelibrary var. var. Biographical dictio- 33(3-4):289.1864 Pilg.; grandi 2(2):114.1936, fl at orinvolute, Chionochloa A Historyof . Cambridge, Bibliografía Cortaderia fl Syst. Anat. fl Taxon 37:374- ora anzenge- Hitchc.) 40:67. Phil.) Am. J. Hen- 100- 56: 23: 34: 523 (as Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Chile, Argentina, Bolivia. Leaves basal,leafblades Henrard) atik, P lower lemmapilose,see involute, looseterminalpanicleoblong,glumessubequal, 37. 1990,Karl Weidmann, Nacional MayordeSanMarcos: SerieB:Botánica licaciones delMuseodeHistoria Natural: Universidad Universidad deLos Andes. Merida- Venezuela 1970, United StatesNationalHerbarium C. boliviensis 524 schi (1906-1991), 4: 1-608.1980, Taxon Systematik und Anatomie der Arundineae row andcurved to caespitose, green,glabrous,contra-liguleabsent,leaves nar- New Zealand.Robust, coarse,stout,erect,tussock-forming, C. fulvida 29(6): 253.1949. Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium P Colombia. See Gynerium columbianum vida C. columbiana Novon 1906, bücher fürSystematik,P habitats, ofteninswamps, lakeshores, see central awn straight,palealooselypilose,páramos,open long-hairy, glumesequalorsubequal,lower lemmapilose, tracted terminalpanicleoblongorovate, paniclebranches foliage crowded atthebase,leaves pungentandrigid,con- Perennial, erect,caespitose,leafbladesconvolute or Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, CostaRica. “hair”) Swallen; C. hapalotricha in New Zealand:toetoe,kakaho of Botany 1874, tions andProceedings oftheNew ZealandInstitute areas, wetlandmargins, clearings,roadsides,see sides, margins offorests,streambanks,dampsites,open and saltwindtolerance,occursinswamps, inopenstream- trol andslopestabilisation,provides windshelter, highwind attracts birds,fast growing, riparian,usefulforerosioncon- ered, glumesmoreorlessequal,pioneergrass,ornamental, pale panicleswithpendentbranches,spikelets 1-to3- hapalos geographie fl anzengeschichte undP (Buchanan)Kirk; 23(4):595-605.1974, T.N.Z.I. Mededeelingen van’s Rijks-Herbarium 6(1):72,f.1-2.1996. fl “soft,tender, delicate, weak”and anzengeschichte undP 1:84.1963. Danthonia hapalotricha (Buchanan)Zotov ( 25:715.1898and 10:app.xliii.1879and

M. Lyle (

(Pilg.) Pilg.( Taxon

Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik, (Pilg.) Conert( fl Flora deLosPáramos de Venezuela exible, seedheadscompact, tawny and 32(4):633-634.1983, Volkmar Vare- Arundo fulvida Pilg.) Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystem- Cortaderia bi fl fl anzengeographie anzengeschichte undP Páramos venezolanos Cortaderia parvi Fieldiana: Botany, New Series fl Arundo conspicua anzengeographie Pilg.)(fromtheGreek Contributions from the Cortaderia scabri 29(6):252.1949, New ZealandJournal Buchanan) fi da Botanische Jahr- var. var. 102-103.1961, 27:31.1900, 40:67.1921, fl thrix ora grandi 37:374. . Caracas Swallen; Transac- , fl var 6:242. trichos 34:1- anzen- fl fl . ful- Pub- fl at or fl ow- fl Die ora ora at, . Revista deCiencias(San Marcos) University and 22(571): 396.1897, iana: Botany, New Series Horticole Leop.-Carol. Nat.Cur. 22, 153-154.1841, New ZealandJournal of Botany Mayor deSanMarcos: SerieB:Botánica del MuseodeHistoriaNatural: Universidad Nacional Nees; (Molina) Nees&Meyen; rière; scrub, see dunes, coastalgrasslands,clearings,forestmargins, and lowland shrub,openrocky sites,ingrazedareas,sand landslides, waste places,roadsides,railway lines,coastal dumps, growing indisturbedareas,dryslopes,moistsites, useful forerosioncontrol,grown tocontrolerosionofmine annually andestablishesrapidlyonbaresoil,ornamental, species naturalizedelsewhere, producesabundant seeds lemma scabrid,lodiculeslobedorsimple,noxiousweed male spikelets covered withlonghairs,glumesunequal, ecious (staminateandpistillate feathery panicle,branchesnoddingordrooping,plantsdio- arching andscabrous,margins roughandcutting,loose long hairs,liguleadenserimofleaves mostlybasal grass, denselytufted,erect,sheathsofmatureplantswith Andes. Perennial,deepdarkgreen,large androbust tussock Southern America, Peru,Ecuador, Argentina, Bolivia, (Phil.) Pilger; 1991, Stapf; quila Series no.8:67-70.1995, New Zealand.DepartmentofConservation, Technical Zealand Protected Natural Areas Database mins, SusanM.andIan W. Mackenzie. quila C. jubata Flora Mesoamericana grass 1995, JohnG.Lambrinos,“Theimpactoftheinvasive alien in Peru:sacuara grass, jubatapampasgrass pampas grass, Andes grass, Andean pampasgrass,Jubata- in English:pinkpampasgrass, purplepampasgrass,Selloa U.S.” a sexual andasexual speciesof 103. 2001,JohnG.Lambrinos,“Theexpansion historyof Distributions mediterranean-type shrublandinCalifornia.” Contributions from the Gray HerbariumofHarvard (Molina)Stapf; (Molina)Steud.ex Bibra; Cortaderia jubata Ruizia Journal ofEcology Moorea quila Cortaderia quila Gynerium pygmaeum (Lemoine)Stapf( 50:449.1878, 184:1-223.1958, Reise umdieErde 13:1-480.1993, 6(5):217-231.Sep2000, Cortaderia jubata (Molina)Stapf) Botanical Magazine Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Phys.-Med. Acad. Nova Acta Gynerium jubatum 6:251-252.1994. 19(Suppl.1):153-154.1843, (Lemoine)Stapfonanendangered (Nees&Mey.) Stapf; 89(1):88-98.Feb2001. 24:1-126.1990, Gynerium quila Arundo quila Gardener’s Chronicle, ser. 3 1:484.1834, AAU Reports Darwiniana Meyen; fl Taxon owers ondifferent plants), 29:117-129.1991, Tim- Cortaderia (Lemoineex Carrière) Cortaderia atacamensis 74:48-57.1986, 23:598-599.1974, Hickenia 124:t.7607.1898 Molina; Lemoineex Car- Gynerium quila 33(1-4):43-51. Cortaderia Stapf Cortaderia 34:1-443.1994, 34:1-37.1990, var. var. Gramineae Weeds in New inCalifornia, Publicaciones . Wellington, Diversity & Cortaderia pygmaeum 3(28):99- Coliquea Revue Field- 21- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC rium nanum Brazil. See sum C. modesta in Ecuador:sixe, zicce,sigse,sigze,sig-zal Stapf Cortaderia Phragmites pilosa ramosa C. nitida in Brazil:cabeça-de-negro, capim-de-anta 9(5): 4.1909, för BotanikutgivetavK.Svenska Vetenskapsakademien do MuseuNacionalRiodeJaneiro Arundo nitida 119-120. 1961, 222. 1900, Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Exped.Magellandslandern Nacional deCiencias,Córdoba, Argentina de Chile Chile Glumacearum Voyage autourduMonde see beneath alongerdeadleafmass,onpoorlydrainedplains, low nutritive value, growing pointoftheleaves generally Falkland Islands/IslasMalvinas,Chile, Argentina. Tussock, Phil.) mites pilosus Gynerium columbianum Cortaderia sodiroana P bücher fürSystematik, P clator Botanicus Genera etSpeciesPlantarum riversides, moistand dry páramos,highlands,see bush vegetation, onrocks,montaneforest,alongroads, more orlessscabrous,palea2-keeled, pioneergrass,natural densely hairyandgraduallydisintegrating, paniclebranches erect, large, tussocky, ligulearimofhairs,leafsheathsnot Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador. Perennialbunchgrass, Pilg.) Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P reichische Botanische Zeitschrift Brongn. ex Duperrey; C. pilosa in Ecuador:sigse 1991. 1970, Karl Weidmann, Venezuela Volkmar Vareschi(1906-1991), zengeographie patula Nicora; minima fl anzengeographie Mémoires delaSociétéLinnéenneParis Hack.) 43(46):576.1872[1873], Steud.; Hack.; Conert; Cortaderia pilosa 94:20,155.1896and

(Kunth) Pilg.( . Universidad deLos Andes. Merida- Venezuela (D’Urv.) Hackel (

Flora Brasiliensis Die Systematikund Anatomie der Arundineae (Döll) Hack.ex Dusén( Phil.; (d’Urv.) Macloskie&Dusén; Kunth; 1:422.1854, Calamagrostis scirpiformis 37:65,374-375.1906, Taxon Gynerium modestum Darwiniana edition21:144.1840, Cortaderia pilosa (d’Urv.) Macloskie&Dusén; Gynerium pilosum 23:600.1974 Hack.; 27:31.1899[1900]and Arundo pilosa Cortaderia columbiana Pilg.; Arundo calycina 22:31.1829, (d’Urv.) Hack.var. Páramos venezolanos 18(1-2):80.1973, Danthonia hapalotricha 1:149.1815[1816], 2(3):240.1880and Anales delaUniversidad de ﬂ anzengeschichte undP Gynerium nitidum ﬂ Ampelodesmos australis Flora deLosPáramos de 52: 238.1902, Anales delaUniversidad anzengeschichte und Boletín dela Academia var. var. D’Urv.; Döll; Cortaderia modesta (d’Urv.) Macloskie; Taxon 13:73.1903, Synopsis Plantarum Willd. ex Steud.; Phil.; minima Botanische Jahr- Gynerium ramo- 16:253.1900, Poa 23:600.1974, Calamagrostis pilosa 4:603.1826, (Pilg.)Pilg.;

phragmites Cortaderia Botanische Taxon . Caracas (Conert) Arquivos (Kunth) 3,pt.5: Nomen- ; Phrag- Öster- Gyne- Pilg.; Arkiv Nova ﬂ 23: an- f. lium sion desGraminées Gardener’s Chronicle, ser. 3 South America. See South America. Graebn.) Arundo richardii plume-like leaves coriaceousandrecurved, serratededgedleaves, ing, leafsheathglabrousandwaxy tothetouch,narrow New Zealand. Tall, large tussock-like grass,stout,fast grow- C. pungens 595-605. 1974. Stapf; jubata C. quila 23: 595-605.1974. drooping in female plantssimilar, palegoldenyellow towhitecreamy ropäischen Flora illeg., non C. richardii Hist. Nat.Chile Nacional deBuenos Aires dener’s Chronicle, ser. 3 de HistoriaNatural de Buenos Aires Magazine 251-252. 1949, tions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium South America, Colombia.Páramos,tufted, see National Herbarium Peru, Colombia.See C. planifolia in Spanish:hierbablanca in English:whitegrass Forage Science pilosa D.W.H. Walton, “Theresponseof Whitegrass [ 1992, F.E.A. Wilson, B.M.R.Harvey, J.H.McAdamand International Symposium. 600. 1974,J.H.McAdam, “Breeding systemsinNew Zealand grasses. VI. Controlof Zealand Journal ofBotany Glumacearum ums derNaturgeschichte Botanique la corvetteL’Astrolabe pendantles Années 1826-1829… beds, see wetlands, alongsidecreeksandstreams,lake margins, river- sandy streambanks,scrubandonthecoast,openareas, wind andsalttolerance,foundinmoistsoils,along restoration, windbreaks,highwaterlogging tolerance,high on longstalks,glumesequal,pioneer, riparian,sanddune 7:1361.1830, (D’Urv.) Hack.]tonitrogennutrition.” (Lemoineex Carrière) Stapf; Cortaderia selloana

(Molina) Stapf( 124:t.7607.1898and Voyage deDécouvertesautourduMonde…sur 121.Paris 1832-1848, ﬂ Arundo australis

ﬂ (Endl.)Zotov ( Swallen ( orescences, spikelets 1-to3-

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6:328.1854, Stapf (

Swallen ( (N.E. Br.) Pilg.( Spreng.,nom.illeg., non (Schult.&Schult.f.) Asch. &Graebn.; Cortaderia richardii 32(4):633-634.1983. 45:i-xl1-1286.1993, 18(2):11-22.1969. 6:112.1914, 33(1-4):43-51.1995,N.B.DeLaBarra, Mantissa Cortaderia quila var. var. Spreng.,nom.illeg., non Gardener’s Chronicle, ser. 3 Manual oftheGrasses of theUnited Taxon 25:715.1898and Moorea rudiuscula Synopsis dermitteleuropäischen Cortaderia hapalotricha parvi 3:233.1965, Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Nova Acta Gayana, Botánica 3(Add.1):605.1827, Gardener’s Chronicle, ser. 3 19(Suppl.1):21-22.1843, 23:599,601.1974, ﬂ Arundo roraimensis orum Memoirs oftheNew York Gynerium rudiusculum (Molina)Stapf; (Endl.)Zotov.” E.Desv.; Student’s Fl. Tas- Ruizia ﬂ 2:462.1829, anzengeschichte 27:220.1959, Arundo dioica (Stapf)Stapf) Contributions Contributions 29(6):252. 42:1-157. 13:1-480. Gynerium 11:125. 34:400. (Pilg.) Arundo 184: 1-

Flora Flora 102- (N.E. 6(1): Cor- 154- New 37th N.Z. Weed andPest Control Conf. Chile Chronicle, ser. 3 Museo NacionaldeBuenos Aires J. Forest. Sci. der mitteleuropäischen Flora dener’s Chronicle, ser. 3 2: Misc.14-15.1855, Botanicus 1825, seu Enumeratio Plantarum soils, see riverbanks andmountains,openrocky sites,moistsandy dunes, disturbedforest,alongstreambanks,scrubland,on disturbed areas,drysoils,roadsides,railway lines,sand depressions, dampplaces,wetterwastelands and exposure, growing in fertile well-drainedloamysoils, available foruseinthelandscape,tolerantofmaritime grass, oftencultivated, many varieties ofpampasgrassare species naturalizedelsewhere, ornamental,specimenlawn plants, reproductive system mainlydioecious,noxiousweed large amountofseeds,seedsformedonhermaphrodite spikelets solitary, glumesmoreorlessequal,lemmassoft, female spikelets silky-hairy, themalespikelets glabrous, white topink-purplishpanicleoblongpyramidal, the leaves narrow andglaucoustodullgreen,sharpleafedges, and dense,leafsheathshairlessorsparselyhairy, arching gynodioecious, denselytufted,robust, erectandstout,large Temperate centralSouth America. Perennial,dioeciousor 61-98. 1953) oana bold, 1820-1821; R.Zander, F. Encke, G.Buchheim andS.Sey- nach Brasilien indenJahren 1815bis1817 Neuwied (1782-1867);seeM.A.P. zu Wied-Neuwied, German botanistMaximilian Alexander Philippzu Wied- plant collectorinBrazilandUruguay, inBrazilwiththe 1789-1831 (d.bydrowning), botanicalexplorer, naturalist, Lem.) (aftertheGermangardener FriedrichSellow (Sello), dioicum Schultes f.) Asch. &Graebner; dioica Cortaderia argentea Moorea araucana (Molina) Stapf; (Spreng.) Speg.; anists Stuttgart 1993;J.H.Barnhart, e Saint-Hilaire.” Herter &S.J.Rambo,“Naspegadas dosnaturalistasSellow Plants 1942; GordonDouglasRowley, Chamisso alsNaturforscher Benjamin Delessert Schult.&Schult.f; 27:220.1959, . 3:259.1965; A. Lasègue, Handwörterbuch derP Lour.; . Strawberry Press,Mill Valley, California1997; W.G. Mantissa (Spreng.)Dallière; Systema Vegetabilium, editiodecimasexta edition21:144.1840, 20:176-183.1990, Timmins, Susan M.&Ian Arundo kila 3(Add.1):605.1827, 34:400.1903, Cortaderia dioica Revista Sudamericana de Botánica. Gynerium argenteum (Stapf)Stapf; Taxon (Nees)Stapf; . Paris 1845;Günther Schmid, Revue Horticole 22(571):396.1897and Spreng.ex Steud.; 23:596,599,601.1974, Arundo selloana Gynerium purpureum 2:462.1829, . EineBibliographie.Leipzig fl 2(1):325.1900, Biographical notesuponbot- anzennamen Cortaderia araucana Bol. Mus.Nac.Hist.Nat. 7:194.1902, Moorea argentea A HistoryofSucculent Speg.; L’Illustration horticole Musée botaniquede 187-190.1984, Cortaderia dioica Nees; Flora Brasiliensis 419.1866, Cortaderia quila Cortaderia Stapf Cortaderia . Frankfurta.M. . 14. Au (Schultes& Nomenclator Arundo sell- Gardener’s Anales del Gynerium Carrière; Synopsis (Nees) 1:361. fl Stapf; 10,3: . 779. Reise Proc. Gar- N.Z. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC long hairy, 2-3 short densepaniclecontracted,branchesdensely base waxy, leafbladestaperingtoasharppointattheapex, sheaths denselyhairy, liguleadenserimofwhitehairs,leaf caespitose, woody, robust, foliagespreadingandstiff, leaf Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.Perennial,tussocky, low, erect, Danthonia sericantha species of Lambrinos, “Theexpansion historyofasexual andasexual Conservation, Technical Seriesno.8:71-73.1995,JohnG. Areas Database W. Mackenzie. Spreng. Corycarpus hairy, contra-ligulepresent,leafblade rhizomatous withlongstoutrhizomes,leafsheathdensely New Zealand.Robust tussock,green,coarse,tall,hairy, C. splendens in Spanish:cortadera Taxon C. toetoe in New Zealand:toetoe Journal ofBotany C. speciosa 633-634. 1983. Rocafuerte 24(8): 348.1927, tributions from theUnited StatesNationalHerbarium Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum lakeshores, alongstreams,wetpáramos,boggyplains,see roads, slopes,swampy areas,wetsoils,nearlakes andon C. sericantha in Mexico: plumdelaspampas in South Africa: pampasgras,silwergras pampas grass in English:pampasgrass,silver pampasgrass,Uruguayan ogy 396. 1897and 9(3): 519.1971, faces, sand hills,rocks,see brown, glumesequal,occursincoastalsanddunesandcliff in Nees; strictum speciosa lena Leop.-Carol. Nat.Cur. Gramineae siliensis seuEnumeratio Plantarum densely pilosemucronateorshortlyawned, see ligules ciliate,leafbladeslinear, panicleoblong,lemmas Chile, Argentina, Bolivia. Caespitose,leaves mainly basal, (Nees &Meyen) Stapf) ciosa fl orescence erectornodding,seedheadscompactandpale 89(1):88-98.Feb2001. 6:328.1854, (Nees&Meyen ex Nees)Stapf; 23:603.1974, Gynerium speciosum E.Desv.; (Nees&Meyen) Stapf; Zotov Cortaderia 12:91.1930, 21.1841,

(Nees &Meyen ex Nees)Stapf( Connor

(Steud.) Hitchc.( Gardener’s Chronicle, ser. 3 . Wellington, New Zealand.Departmentof Weeds inNew ZealandProtected Natural fl Taxon 29:117-129.1991. orets andarudiment,dryareas,along Gynerium speciosum Revista delColégioNacional Vicente Gardener’s Chronicle, ser. 3 inCalifornia,USA” Steud.) Darwiniana Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Phys.-Med. Acad. Nova Acta 19(Suppl. 1):153.1843, 23:595-605.1974, Taxon New ZealandJournal ofBotany Nees&Meyen; 23:602.1974, Danthonia jubata Gynerium argenteum 33:51.1995. 1:246.1854and Nees&Meyen ex fl Moorea speciosa 2:462.1829, exible, plumose Journal ofEcol- 34:400.1903, New Zealand Moorea spe- Taxon Cortaderia Flora Bra- Flora Chi- 22(571): Sodiro; 32(4): Con- var. Ra Index ra Plains ofCentral North America decima sexta Pooideae, Diarrheneae,see 1991 [Arevision of 1949, helmet” and 238, 269,419.2003. tributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium atik, P Colombia. Pistillate,see 400. 1965) 1981; J.H.Barnhart, 1854 and especies deplantaspara la botanical explorer, hiswritingsinclude imo) Triana, 1834-1890(d.Paris), traveler, plantcollector, Colombian (b. Zipaquirá)botanistJoséJerónimo(orGerón- C. trianae in New Zealand:toetoe,native toetoe,kakaho New ZealandJournal ofBotany inland, swamps, roadsidesandclearings,poorsoils,see conditions, wetlands,dampanddrysoils,coastal Orth. var. Corycarpus Spreng. material, anti-in white, glumesequal,pioneergrass,attractsbirds,weaving leaves, large plumosepanicle,erectseedheadscreamy hairy, waxy, ivory glabroussheath,stiff leafblades,sharp New Zealand.Robust tussock,green,coarse,tall,erect, 1867; seeEnriquePérez Arbeláez, in Korycarpus dense plumosein densely hairy, leafblade pointed,leaves narrow andscabrid, species, perennial,tall,stout,tussock-forming,leafsheath New Zealand,ChathamIslands. Vulnerable endangered C. turbaria 101. 1961. 1921, 375. 1906, with 2hermaphrodite South America, Colombia,Brazil.See C. vaginata toitoi in New Zealand:ChathamIslandtoetoe, 1987. margins, see glumes moreorlessequal,occursinpeatyswamps, stream fi nesque, etc.75.JamaicaPlain, Massachusetts,U.S. Bulletin ofthe Torrey BotanicalClub Die Systematikund Anatomie der Arundineae fl anzengeschichte undP fi nesquianus

Prodromus Korycarpus Stapf ex Conert( H.E.Connor Mededeelingen van’s Rijks-Herbarium

Swallen karpos 1:123.1824and New ZealandJournal of Botany Lag., fl ammatory uses,occursindrytoboggy fl orescence, branchedpanicles,spikelets “fruit.” Diarrhena . The plantnamespublishedbyC.S. Biographical notesuponbotanists Korycarpus , fromtheGreek fl orae Novogranatensis fl Botanische Jahrbücher für System- orets, all = Cortaderia bi fl Systema Vegetabilium,editio Diarrhena ora Neo-Granadina (Poaceae)intheU.S.], fl 1:85.1963. anzengeographie Flora ofthePrairies and 114.1932,E.D.Merrill, fl Zeaex Lag. owers hermaphrodite, D.S.B. Sellowia korys fi Nuevos jeneros i da P. Beauv., 118:128-136. Pilg.)(forthe 13:463-464. . Paris 1862- , 25(1):167. korythos 7:9.1956. 37:374- . Bogotá 40:67. 100- Con- 48: 527 . 3: “a Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC scens Aira canescens C. tum (1787-1866), [ Europe. See ex Schult.)Guss.) C. aetnensis Species Apr 2005, Botanical Journal oftheLinneanSociety andinus 1709-1725. 2004, canescens in sandyplaces,ondunes,oftencoastal,type cules, 3stamens,ovary glabrous,2stigmas,openhabitats, ring ofhairs,paleapresent,2freeandmembranouslodi- and rounded,basalawns withtwistedcolumn,awns witha 1-nerved, upperglume1-to3-nerved, lemmas membranous at thebaseof From theGreek Jirásek &Chrtek, Corynephorus P. Beauv. 528 velle Agrostographie atisches Verzeichnis 79-81. 1753,JohannJacobBernhardi(1774-1850), of nucleargenomestructureinseedplants.” abeth A. Kellogg andJeffrey L.Bennetzen,“Theevolution States NationalHerbarium 25(5): 601-608.May2002, 89(2): 300-303. Apr 2001, Ecology Journal ofEcology South Africa. 1. The tribe Aveneae, subtribe Aveninae.], representatives ofthe subfamily Pooideae(Poaceae)in Bothalia Boletim daSociedadeBroteriana, ser. 2 Europe. See Bubani; ual, openorcontractedpanicle,spikelets 2- auricles absent,liguleanunfringedmembrane,plantsbisex- perennial, tufted,herbaceous,leafbladesnarrow linear, Poodae, Aveneae, orPooideae,Poeae, Airinae, annualor About 5species,Iran,Europe,Mediterranean.Pooideae, nary awns. rying,” Zlaki SSSR la 1796, mus stirpiuminhortoadChapel Allerton vigentium 3(25): 481.1889and 32. 1821,

ﬂ canescens . Neapoli1832. ora delRiforiental… (L.) Web. ex Wigg.; Systematisches Verzeichnis phero 88(4):709-726. Aug 2000, Hack.ex Sodiro; Weingaertneria canescens 26(1):53-61.1996[Cytogeneticstudiesinsome (L.)P. Beauv., see Anales delaUniversidad Central delEcuador Journal ofEcology 291.1976,

Primitiae Florae Holsaticae

, (L.) P. Beauv. ( C. Preslex Schult.( Mantissa phoreo Floræ siculæprodromus L.; koryne Weed Research ﬂ Aira variegata 87(2):258-264.Mar1999, 23,51.Erfurt1800, oret, 2glumessubequal,lower glume 90,149,159.1812and Flora Pyrenaea … “tobear,” alludingtotheextraordi- Weingaertneria 3:641.1827,Giovanni Gussone “aclub”and 128.1933, Lagascalia 48:109,239,694.2003,Eliz- Agrostis canescens Contributions from the United Corynephorus canescens Plant, CellandEnvironment Species Plantarum Corynephorus incanescens 93(2):441-470. Apr 2005. = 44(2):117-128. Apr 2004, 51.1800, St.-Amans; Aira aetnensis (L.)Bernh.) Anachortus Preslia 15:119-124.1988, phoros Journal ofEcology 4: 311.1902, , etc.] Bernh. 64:35-74.1991, 147(4):501-508. 9.1780, Essai d’uneNou- Flora Agenaise ﬂ 34:383.1962, Am. J. Bot. “bearing,car- Corynephorus owered, hairs Catalogo de Avena cane- (L.)Salisb.; Supplemen- 61-63,65, Journal of (C.Presl

Prodro- System- Anal. . 25. var. 91: Glumacearum Cottendorf, 1796-1863. For theGermanpatronofscienceJohannGeorg Cottavon Cottea Kunth botanists Madrid 1858andJ.H.Barnhart, Botánica ylosBotánicosdelaPeninsula Hispano-Lusitana y Cuxart,1817-1886,seeM.ColmeiroPenido, For theSpanish(Catalan) botanist Antonio CiprianoCosta Costia Willk. tung. Berlin deinae, see Pooideae, Triticodae,Pooideae, Triticeae, Triticeae,Hor-or collection nary ofbotanistsrepresented intheHuntInstituteportrait paniaeque Australis trol, see Europe. Annual, solitaryortufted,usefulforerosioncon- Weingaertneria gracilis 131. 1860and Jirásek &Chrtek; barium 1999, Mediterranea 1999, caryophyllea Scientiarum Hungaricae Bot. Cavanilles nom. illeg., non C. divaricatus in Morocco:bousibouss,hamra in French:corynephorusentouffe godaya Aira caryophyllea illeg., non divaricata viii.” Lainz, “Aportaciones alconocimientodela Bot. France der mitteleuropäischen Flora Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie Europe, Algeria. See Europe, Algeria. Chrtek; C. fasciculatus divaricatus chortus divaricatus Reut.) Steud.; Corynephorus articulatus Comun. I.N.I.A. Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- Newslett. Int.Organ. Pl.Biosyst.(Oslo) 48:25-42,239.2003. 6:166.1991, Pugillus PlantarumNovarum Africae Borealis His- Anachortus divaricatus . 1:385.1965, T.W. Bossert, . 85.1972. Pourret; subsp. Species Plantarum Aira caryophyllea 16:377.1858, 119:237.1952, var. var. 8:307-313.1998,

1:219.1854and Anachortus fasciculatus (Pourret) Breistr. (

Phytologia 13:173.1955, Boiss. &Reut.( Aira caryophyllea = Corynephorus gracilis var. var. divaricata articulatus subsp. Anachortus articulatus Agropyron , no.2,26p.1974. 123.1852, Taxon Flora Atlantica (Desf.) Asch. &Graebn.) divaricata 17(1-2):121.1971[1972], (Desf.)P. Beauv.; 83(5):345-365.1997, Botanische Zeitung. Berlin 49(2):244.2000. articulatus (Pourret) Asch. &Graebn., 2:282.1899and (Desf.)Lainz) var. var. 1:78.1753, Preslia (Pourret)M.Laínz; Aira fascicularis Opera Botanica Acta Botanica Academiae Aira articulata Preslia Biographical notesupon Gaertn. (Pourret)Druce,nom. Corynephorus P.Corynephorus Beauv. var. var. divaricata Synopsis Plantarum 159.1812, 34:383.1962,M. 1:70,t.13.1798, Biographical dictio- (Boiss.&Reut.) V. (Desf.)M.Laínz; 34:383.1962. (Desf.)K.Richt.; divaricata Botanische Zei- (Desf.)Jir. & Corynephorus fl Bréb.; ora gallega, Desf.; 30:10-15. 137:1-42. (Boiss.& Bull. Soc. Synopsis Bréb.; Rivas- Flora Ana- Aira Aira 18: La . Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Bot. J. Linn.Soc. Agriculture spikelets dorsallycompressed,2glumessubequaland in tous, auriclesabsent,ligule fringed,plantsbisexual, baceous, unarmed,oftenstoloniferous orshortlyrhizoma- South America. Chloridoideae, Chlorideae,perennial,her- About 2-5/6species,southern tropical Africa, Northand “rachis, axis,midribofaleaf.” From theGreek Craspedorhachis Benth. Baiersche Flora sur lesGraminées dela Flore Belgique Schrank, see Pooideae, Poeae,Loliinae,type Craepalia Schrank cleistogamous orchasmogamous, in dular leaves notpungent,ligulefringed,plantsbisexual, pilose, hiddencleistogenesinthebasalleafsheaths,glan- solid, tuberous,auriclesabsent,leafsheathsvillousto or ascendinggeniculate,unarmed,branched,internodes Cotteinae, perennial,looselycaespitose,herbaceous,erect doideae, Pappophoreae, orChloridoideae,Eragrostideae, One species, America, southernU.S., Argentina. Chlori- Craepalia Schrank barium 1996, 1993, Bull. 45. 1956, and pedicellate,4-8 panicles openornarrow orcontracted,spikelets pubescent the lower sheaths,rachilladisarticulatingbetween lodicules, 3stamens,ovary glabrous,cleistogeneswithin awned, 7-13awns antrorselybarbed,paleakeels ciliate,2 lemmas irregularly lobed,2glumessubequal,lemmas in Mexico: cotea,pelucilla in English:cottagrass,cottea awned, glumeslanceolate andawned, ornamental,forage. blades linear, panicleovate-lanceolate, spikelets ovate and knotty basewithcleistogenes,leafsheathsfurrowed, leaf Mexico, Peru.Perennial, moreorlesspubescent,wiry, C. pappophoroides Species barium 2000, Graminées land, type open habitats,steppes,plains,dryareas,hills,coastallow- fl orescence withseveral racemesmoreorlessdigitate, , or Fragmenta FloristicaetGeobotanica Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- 48:239,426-431.2003. 41:56.2001. Technical Bulletin,UnitesStatesDepartmentof Techn. Bull.U.S.D.A. Cottea pappophoroides 1:84.1829and ) 1392:1-65.1968, Species Plantarum 1:102,382.1789and kraspedon 108:408.1992, Kunth fl orets andarudiment,female-fertile = “afringe,border”and Ecología enBolivia Lolium Dominguezia (or 1:83.1753, Craepalia temulenta Kunth, see U.S.Dept. Agric.Tech. fl Novon L. orescence paniculate, 97,99.1823[1824], Grasses ofCeylon 41(2):521-536. 3(3):239-243. 1:1-23.1978, Observations Révision des 34:45-70. rhachis fl orets, (L.) Bulletin del’HerbierBoissier, sér. 2, burg unddieangrenzenden Länder lungen desBotanischen Vereins fürdieProvinz Branden- ical Gazette Hooker’s IconesPlantarum C. africana Hooker’s IconesPlantarum lemma andpaleahairy, consideredrareinSouth Africa, see Tropical Africa. Perennial, tufted,erect,rhizomatous, C. africana Species sér. 2,8:515.1968. 1809, Nouvelle Agrostographie Swallen, see Pooideae, Poeae,Puccinelliinae,type thick-footed orthick-stemmed. und P Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P Sociedad Argentina deCienciasNaturales C. rhodesiana of theLinneanSociety, Botany common onsanddunes,alongdryriver beds,see Africa. Perennial,tufted,erect,lemmaandpaleaglabrous, C. rhodesiana Zimbabwe. See C. digitata Museum deParis Madagascar. See Herbier duMuseumdeParis of South Africa dorhachis africana Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. Pyrami deCandolleBotaniconGallicum From theLatin Crassipes Swallen loam, similarto habitats, sandysavannah, onsanddunes,sandysoils, hairy orglabrous,2 and rounded,lemmaobtuse,paleapresent, membranous, lower glumekeeled, upperglumedeciduous in theUnitedStates.” & J.W. Thieret, “HardGrass( and Genetics 1949: 36.1949. Africa. See Botany 56: 437-452.1991, fl anzengeographie 18(8):684-685,f.1-4.1931, Tentamen Florae Abyssinicae … Kupicha &Cope Benth. 35:283,f.1-2.1903, Benth. var. 21:155.1986,D.M.Brandenburg, J.R.Estes Bulletin ofMiscellaneousInformationKew Species Plantarum Rendle Rendle crassus 205,f.182.1955, Kew Bulletin Willkommia 15:135.1956. Benth.,see Flora Mediterranea Notulae Systematicae. Herbierdu fl Sida eshy lodicules,ovary glabrous,open

, var.

10:2.1906, a 74:27.1947, = madecassa , . 14(3):369-376.1991, um 97-98,174,177.1812,

14:58,t.1377.1882, gracilior Sclerochloa 14:58,t.1377.1882. and 15(2):134.1956, 40(4):89-90.1985. “thick”and 40:233,t.5,f.5-13.1911. Sclerochloa dura 1:72.1753, Microchloa Fragmenta Botanica

A. Camus

Notulae Systematicae. C.E. Hubb. Physis. Revista dela 1:770.1901, 30:145.1888and Grasses andPastures American Journal of Journal ofCytology 8:307-313.1998, Crassipes annuus 1:522.1828and fl P. Beauv. pes, pedis anzengeschichte 2: 409.1850, 8:78.1925, , type Essai d’une Adansonia , Poaceae) Cytologia Verhand- Craspe- Journal “foot,” Botan- 77. Aug 529 , Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC rical centralmidnerve, in clumped, shortlyrhizomatous,foliageleafwithasymmet- inae, woody, solid,vinelike, hard,erect,pendent,loosely One species,Brazil.Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Guadu- Latin Crinipes Hochst. of theGreek A vernacular name,orperhapsfrom Criciuma Soderstr. &Londoño United StatesNationalHerbarium Greek Jaub. &Spach Cremopyrum Schur 48: 239,608-609.2003. Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 530 to linear-lanceolate, plantsbisexual, in fringed oraciliaterim,toughleafbladesnarrowly linear spitose, tussocky, auriclesabsent,leaves basal,ligule Arundinoideae, Danthonieae,perennial,herbaceous,cae- Two species,Sudan,Ethiopia,Uganda. Arundineae, or Transsilvaniae Pooideae, Triticeae, Hordeinae,see 5b. 1987, ests, see blades, pseudospikelets linear-lanceolate, sandyplaces,for- Brazil. Climbing,ascending,culmleaves withre metricum C. asymmetrica Species Botany National Herbarium boos Bambuseae.], EmmetJ.Judziewicz etal., bamboos relatedto of Botany asymmetrica mens, ovary glabrous, 2 plumosestigmas,type pseudospikelets, fl late, panicleoblongtoovate toelliptic-oblong,spikelets Schreber, membranous entireortoothed, longawn straightor acuminate orshortlyawned, ovary glabrous,2stigmas,moistplaces,rock, type ous, paleaglabrous,2freelodicules glabrous,3stamens, attened andoblong,2-to3- 234-238.1999, crinis kremao 27(4):703-721.2002. American Journal ofBotany (Soderstr. &Londoño) 74(1):27-39.1987[2new generaofBrazilian Systematic Botany “hair”and Eremocaulon Soderstr. &Londoño,see krikos “tohang”and 807-808.1866and Soderstr. &Londoño( fl orets linear-lanceolate, 3lodicules,6sta- “ring,armlet.” 39:29-35,54-55.2000, Contributions from the UnitedStates Guadua pes = “foot,” referring totheawn. fl Soderstr. &Londoño 27(4):711-714,f.4-5.2002. orescence terminal,elongate fl Eremopyrum pyros (Poaceae:Bambusoideae: fl oret callusbearded,lemmas owered, 2unequalglumes 48:311-312.2003. “grain,wheat.” Contributions from the Enumeratio Plantarum krikion 74(1):35,f.1,2,5a, Eremocaulon asym- fl American Journal orescence panicu- = American Bam- , thediminutive Bambusa (Ledeb.) Systematic Criciuma fl fl exed exu-

ual, ligule membranous,auriclespresentorabsent,plantsbisex- perennial, tufted,herbaceous,leafsheathmembranous, Triticeae, orPooideae, Triticeae, Hordeinae,annualor About 35species,temperateregions. Pooideae, Triticodae, 1819. sique, deChimie, d’Histoire Naturelle etdes Arts room,” Hebrew Greek Critesion Raf. and awned orunarmed,lemmasoflateral dite, rachisfragile,glumes2,lemmaofcentralspikelet rigid or incompletemale,centralspikelet usuallyhermaphro- lets intriadsateachnode,lateralspikelets usuallysmaller J. Bot. merly includedin siderable taxonomicconfusionconcerningthisgenus,for- sandy places,rathermoisthabitats,saltysites,thereiscon- hairy corona,tolerantofsalinesoils,growing indrysoils, reduced, paleanerved, 2lodicules,stamens3,ovary with 78(12): 1590-1602.2000, 195-203. 1994, sion of Journal ofBotany 217-231. 1994, geniculatum Arts Journal dePhysique, deChimie, d’Histoire Naturelle etdes Botany oblong, see dense tussocks,glumeslanceolate,lemmaslanceolate- Abyssinia. Perennial,coarse,pendulous,forminglarge C. longifolius 132. 1891[1892]. Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften inBerlin tarum Glumacearum lanceolate, see dense tussocks,paniclenarrowly oblong,glumeslinear- Abyssinia. Perennial,tough,pendulous,forminglarge Engl.) Steud.; abyssinica C. abyssinicus Species 58. 1957, Kew Bulletin Flora Florae Novae Hollandiae Flore Française. Troisième Édition Crinipes abyssinicus 89:103.1819and ﬂ 38:279-280.1855and owers indenseandnarrow spike-like raceme,spike- 9:1-10.1989, 21(2):3-15.1996, crithe Triraphis abyssinica Hordeum Bothalia Hochst.ex A. Braun; Kew Bulletin Raf.,see 1935:306.1935, , Akkadian

C.E. Hubb. Flora Mesoamericana (Hochst. ex A. Braun)Hochst.( Nord. J. Bot. Flora qorah sect. 14(2):117-136.1994[Ataxonomic revi- 9:134.1966. = Hordeum (Hochst.ex A. Braun)Hochst.,see Plant SystematicsandEvolution 24(45):712.1841, 1:244.1854, “beam,roof,” see Hordeum Species Plantarum Canad. J. Bot. Critesion 1935(5):306-307.1935. 185.1810, qaritum (Hochst.ex A. Braun)Neesex 15:449-458.1995, L.assubgen.,type Plant, CellandEnvironment Canadian Journal ofBotany Kew Bulletin Kew Bulletin .], L. , 3: 32.1805, Danthonia tenuiglumis qiritu Annals ofBotany 37:679.1959, 6: 247.1994, Cremopyrum Schur Flora Abhandlungen der 1934:200.1934, “granary, store 1:84-85.1753, Journal dePhy- Synopsis Plan- 12:51-52,54- 24:20.1841, fl orets usually Prodromus Danthonia Systematic Critesion 89:103. Nordic 2(1): Nord. 189: 73: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC leaf in tufted, auriclesabsent,ligule truncate, sheathofuppermost North America. Perennial, erectorgeniculatebelow, loosely land communitywithdifferent ment patternsover 4yearsinan Australian perennialgrass- 24(6): 585-596.June2001,J.W. Morgan, “Seedlingrecruit- Critho E.Meyer C. glaucum Species Apr 2005. 2005, ical Journal oftheLinneanSociety 17-36. Jan2003, and Environment a rangeofwetlandanddrylandgrassspecies.” adventitious rootanatomyasrelatedtoaerationamong Galwey and T.D. Colmer, “Similarityanddiversity in Ecology murinum in saline hermaphrodite spikelet sessile,glumes moreorlessequal, sheath pilose,racemeerect,lateralspikelets sterile,central bent, closelytufted,auriclesabsent,liguletruncate,leaf Mediterranean, southwestern Asia. Annual, oftendecum- deum hystrix C. hystrix in English:barley grass glaucum 4(1): 5-12. Apr 2003, 389-402. 2003, from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium glaucum 440. 1984, Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Species Plantarum its sharpseedscanentertheeyes andskinofsheep,see woodlands andshrublands,hosttoseveral cerealdiseases, widespread weedofdisturbedsites,waste ground,grazed cent pedicels,erectandspreadingawns, pasturespecies,a pedicels, lateralspikelets maleorsterilewithshortlypubes- racemes, centralspikelet hermaphroditewithglabrous less in erect orgeniculate,auriclesglabrous,leafsheathmore Mediterranean, southwestern Asia. Annual, looselytufted, (Steud.) Tzvelev) 1980, the LinneanSociety rium 1785, C. jubatum ley in English:Mediterraneanbarley grass,Mediterraneanbar- 95(7-8):440.1984. Ecological Management andRestoration Phytologia Catalecta Botanica fl fl ated, plume-like noddingracemesdense- 89(6):908-919.Dec2001,M.P. McDonald,N.W. (Steud.)B.K.Simon,nom.illeg., non ated, ligulemembranousandtruncate,erect subsp. fl Steud.;

(Roth) Á.Löve ( ats, see Austrobaileya (L.)Nevski (

Roth) (Steud.) Á.Löve ( Ecological Management andRestoration 51(6):374.1982, 25(3):441-451.Mar2002, glaucum Am. J. Bot. Flora Pedemontana 1:85.1753, Hordeum murinum 72(2):150.1976, Plant, CellandEnvironment 8:67.1971, 2(3):241.1986. Hordeum jubatum 1:23.1797and (Steud.) W.A. Weber; Hordeum geniculatum 91:1789-1801.2004, Critesion murinum fi Linnaea re histories.” Feddes Repertorium 147(4):501-508. Apr 1:352.1854and Botanical Journal of 2:259,3:t.91,f.3. Taxon subsp. 9(1):133.1834, Feddes Reperto- L.) 48:239-241, 29(2/3):350. Contributions 6(1):61-67. Plant, Cell Journal of All.; Hordeum Critesion fl glaucum owered, subsp. 26(1): Botan- Hor- 95: 1839 [1840], of theBotany…HimalayanMountains Canad. J. Bot. deinae, see Pooideae, Triticodae,Pooideae, Triticeae, Triticeae,Hor-or From theGreek Critho E.Meyer Botany taxonomic revision of 1994, lution C. marinum in English:squirreltailgrass 1975[1976]. Botany reduced, alongroadsides,see ile, glumessubequal,lemmaoflateralspikelets much central hermaphroditespikelet sessile,lateralspikelets ster- 1753 and 1980, Flora Palermitana C. murinum 24(6): 585-596.June2001. barrier toradialoxygenloss.” Critesion marinum tolerance inthetribe Triticeae: theadventitious rootsof Mcdonald, N.W. Galwey and T.D. Colmer, “Waterlogging cules ciliate,see Eurasia. Annual, looselytufted,stiff, auriclesabsent, lodi- ciliate, oblongracemesdense- Europe. Annual,looselytufted,claspingauricles,ligule Europe. See C. murinum in English:barley grass Comp. Fl.Ital. Europe, Mediterranean, Asia. See C. murinum fl tufted, sheathofuppermostleafappressedtoculm,dense- Europe, Africa. Perennial,erectorgeniculate,loosely Schreb.) C. secalinum 29(2/3): 350.1980. Phytologia Glumacearum Lipsicae 1: 85.1753, ile, inwasteland, alongrodasides,see spikelet sessileorpedicelled,lateralspikelets maleorster- owered raceme,glumessubequal,see 189:217-231.1994, American Journal ofBotany Nordic Journal ofBotany 73:195-203.1994, 40:1690.1962, 148.1771and Flora URSS 51(6):374.1982, Species Plantarum (L.)Á.Löve subsp. (Huds.)Á.Löve ( (L.)Á.Löve ( (L.)Á.Löve subsp. Linnaea Species Plantarum 1:352.1854and (Schreb.) Á.Löve ( Index Sem.Hort.Regiomont. 37:679.1959, 805.1882and krithe Flora Anglica, Editio AlteraFlora Anglica, 1:246.1845and have arelatively highporosityanda 9(1):133.1834, = Hordeum 2:721.1934, “barley-corn, barley.” Taxon Hordeum Botaniska Notiser Systematic Botany Hordeum murinum Flora Mesoamericana Austrobaileya 1:84-85.1753, Plant, CellandEnvironment 29(2/3):350.1980. Taxon Plant SystematicsandEvo- Hordeum marinum sect. fl Species Plantarum 14(2):117-136.1994[A Taxon leporinum owered. Centralbisexual 1:85.1753and Linnaea murinum 72(5):772.1985,M.P. L. 29(2/3):350.1980. Critesion Hordeum secalinum Canadian Journal of Taxon 29(2/3):350.1980, Synopsis Plantarum Spicilegium Florae Species Plantarum 9(1):133.1834, 2(3):241.1986. (Link)Á.Löve 29(2/3):350. 128(4):503. 5.1848and 1:57.1778, 21(2):3-15. .], Illustrations L.) 1(11):418. Annals of Huds.) 1:85. 6: 247. Taxon 531 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Resembling Crithopsis Jaub. &Spach Greek Crithodium Link barium 2000, 1996, 532 bisexual, in blades acuminate,liguleanunfringedmembrane,plants ticeae, annual,herbaceous,caespitose,auriclespresent,leaf One species,Libya,Iran,Crete.Pooideae, Triticodae, Tri- opsis Torino 1951, Species Plantarum,EditioSecunda aegilopoides Pooideae, Triticeae, Triticinae,type barley, alittlebarley.” National Herbarium 94-7: 1-512.1994, 144-149. 1986, 677. 1934, A. Prati, Botanisches Centralblatt 2-10. 1842[ Société Royaled’Agriculture, etc.,deLyon. Naturelles, d’Agriculture etdel’Industrie, Publiéesparla Böhmens 9(1): 132,pl.3,f.1-5.1834, européennes raceme rhachisfragile,2- tary, spikelets pairedand Gand.) Nevski; Hochst. ex Kotschy; Delile; tis) Husn.; chitricha & Gand.; familien Orientalium Species Plantarum latum iculatum C. delileana Species of the Triticeae (Poaceae)]. 481-493. 1993[Taxonomic studiesinsomeannualgenera hairy, 2stigmas,type present, 2freeandmembranouslodicules,3stamens,ovary subequal, lemmaroundedonbackandawned, palea “aspect,appearance,resemblance.” All.) Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- krithe Canadian Journal ofBotany 48:241,389-402.2003. Elymus geniculatus 2(2):88.1887and (Delile) Thell., nom.illeg., non Jaub.; 1:425.1836, Crithopsis brachytricha fl Elymus delileanus

4:30,t.321.1851, ], “barley-corn, barley,” Critho Link,see (Schult.) Roshev. orescence spiciform,racemenarrowly oblong, Feddes Repert. Landwirthschaftliche Flora Descriptions et Wageningen Agricultural University Papers Hordeum delileanum Elymus arenarius 1:83-85.1753, , Greek Contributions from the UnitedStates 48:241,676-684.2003. Eremopyrum cretense = Vocabolario etimologico italiano Species Plantarum Crithopsis rhachitricha Annales desSciencesPhysiqueset 73:339.1898and ﬂ Triticum ﬂ attened laterally, 2linear glumes krithe Curtis; owered, upper Oekonomisch-technische Flora Nordic Journal ofBotany 95(7-8): 497.1984,

Schult.; ( Agropyron cretense Die Natürlichen P “barley-corn, barley” and subsp. Illustrationes Plantarum Walp.; krithidion fi gures descéréales L. Hack.; 127.1762, Elymus rhachitrichus 78(12):1590-1602. Elymus geniculatus geniculatus Hordeum genicu- 1:85-87.1753, 335-336.1866, Crithopsis rha- 5:103-196,pl. fl Flora URSS Hordeum gen- “decoctionof oret rudimen- (Coustur. & Crithodium Jaub., see Taxon Coustur. Linnaea fl anzen- (Cur- 13: 35: 2: . Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle 224. 2001. butions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Generos de Gramineas de America Austral. stographie Sociedad deBiologia deConcepcion and Pastures ofSouth Africa 2(1): 226.1899and African PlantsCollectedbyDr. F. Welwitsch in1853-61 From theGreek Crithopyrum Steud. aucta, reformata From theGreek Crypsinna Fourn. 148. 1855, Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar From theGreek Crossotropis Stapf 1954, deinae, insyn.sub Pooideae, Triticodae,Pooideae, Triticeae, Triticeae,Hor-or “grain, wheat.” tarum Crypsinna macroura Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae, type suppression.” 563. 1992, 521. 1984[Conspectusofthe Triticeae.], dian Field-Naturalist sis PlantarumGlumacearum Hortus Regius BotanicusBerolinensis Scientiarum Imperalis Petropolitanae Plantarum 2003. the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 182. 1810, (Nees) Rendle,see doideae, Cynodonteae,type Chloridoideae, Eragrostideae,Eleusininae,orChlori- of avessel.” 107. 1916, gique, IslesBritanniques,Suisse 3 424. 1824, Naturelle, Tom.Second See North Africa. 14:360.1851, 44.1789, Canad. J. Bot. 29,176,179,t.8,f.2,3.1812, 1:83-84.1753, Annales desSciencesNaturelles; Botanique, sér. Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie Nord. J. Bot. Flora Capensis Taxon krossos krypto, kryptein 2:171.1791, Systema Naturae …editiodecimatertia, Graminées. Descriptions…France, Bel- 44:611-612.1995, krithe Triticum trachycaulum 42:554.1964, Description del’Égypte, …Histoire Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae (Kunth) E.Fourn., see 45:201.1931, Ark. Bot. “afringe”and 174,t.13,f.1.1812, = “barley-corn, barley” and = 13: 484.1993. = 7:317.1898, Muhlenbergia Trichoneura Novi Commentarii Academiae 1:344.1854and Elymus 11,9:1-19.1912, Crossotropis grandiglumis 128.1955, Essai d’uneNouvelle Agro- 2:72.1815, 76.1899and “tohide,” Feddes Repert. Rhodora 46:37-39.1973, 2:189.1833, tropis 14(1):539.1770, L. 48:241,279-307. Contributions from Link,see Catalogue ofthe Crithodium Link Andersson krypsis Taxon Schreb. “keel, thekeel 1987, Boletin dela Genera Plan- Flora Cretica Mémoires du 56(662):28. Mantissa Mexicanas The Cana- 80.1812, 41:562- 95:425- “hiding, Grasses 41:56, Species Contri- Synop- 1853: pyros Los 2: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC or alludingtothepartiallyhiddenin hide,” perhapsreferringtotheseedsextruded fromthefruits more orlessexserted, ovoid tocapitatein leaf blades branched nearthebase,auriclesabsent,ligulealineofhairs, ing, prostrateorascending,erect,decumbent,much Chloridoideae, Zoysieae, Sporobolinae,annual,low grow- tral Africa. Chloridoideae,Cynodonteae,Sporobolinae,or About 7-8species,Mediterranean,MiddleEast,China,cen- soils, saltyplains,seasonally glabrous, stigmas2,oftenmat-forming,foundonwetsaline palea rarelynerved, lodicules absent,stamens2-3,ovary shortly awned, lemmamembranous acuteorshortlyawned, less equalandstronglykeeled, glumesnarrow acuteor times falling entire, solitary stronglylaterallycompressedandkeeled sometimes partiallyenclosedbybract-like leafsheaths,spikelets Greek Crypsis Aiton Systematics andEvolution Muhlenbergiinae (Chloridoideae: Eragrostideae).” Plantas Aiton Crypsis 173. 2001. from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium (Rutaceae), Steud., Munro, National Herbarium 64: 193-206.1992, da SociedadeBroteriana, ser. 2 126. 1962, 14d: 62.1956, Natuurlijke Historie Aiton, see regions, relatedto tarum 1819, 89. 1953, Vegetabilis 2, 30:83.1913, Mittheilungen der Thüringischen Botanischen Vereins 1: 449.1840, 1849), riam Naturalem Pyrénées [1806-]1809, edidit J.J.Roemer. Turici [Zürich],apudH.Gessnerum, partim ex amicorumschedismanuscriptisconcinnavit et nea adomnemrem botanicamspectantia Fructibus etSeminibus Plantarum…. Mazziari, Ionios Anthologia 35(3): 1-11,plate3457.1947, Hortus Kewensis; or, acatalogue … krypsis 2:90.1886andP.M. Peterson,“Systematicsofthe 8. Toulouse 1818, Pallasia Heleochloa Die natürlichen P 17(19-30):293.1921, fl Systematic Botany Species Plantarum Torgesia at orinvolute, paniclespiciformcylindrical and “hiding,suppression,” Greek Pechea Supplément àl’histoire desPlantes J. Linn.SocietyBotany Bull. Research CouncilofIsrael 72.1777, William Townsend Aiton (1766- Repertorium SpecierumNovarum Regni = Scop., Sporobolus 2(4):382.1775, fl 41:16,38,56-57,127,177, 181, 191, Contributions from theUnitedStates Antitragus oret 1perspikelet, 2glumesmoreor Bornm. Lepeyrouse, Hostex Roem., 2: 448.1834, 195-212.2000, fl Pallassia anzenfamilien, Zweite Au 4(4):267-280.1979, fl Opuscoli Scienti , type 1:42,54-55,59-63.1753, ooded areas,mud,semiarid 64:35-74.1991, Gaertn., Hooker’s IconesPlan- fl Crypsis aculeata 2:7.1790, Introductio adHisto- orescence. Fl. Afrique NordFl. Afrique Nom. Bot.edition Raddia Houtt. 6:54.1862and partimepropriis, fl orescence some- 1: 48.1789, Pachea 41:56,143- Contributions Ceytosis kryptein fi

ci 11D:91- Collecta- Grasses: 3:410. Boletim Preslia

, ser. ﬂ (L.) “to

age De 2: 2, 1: 45.1808and Graecae Prodromus 23, t.29.1801, 1799, Host; C. schoenoides 230. 1938. from theroot,ligulearingofhairs,leaves from thebase,prostrateorascending,spreadinginacircle Arabia, Yemen. Annual, tufted,compressed,muchbranched Budae [Budapest]1783, ganam Sclavoniae Europe. See A. MathiasPiller(1733-1788), roides Link; alopecuroides ochloa alopecuroides cata C. alopecuroides Europe. See nus aculeatus C. aculeata in noides banks, lake margins, oftenconfused with 2-nerved, grazed,foundindampsites, equal, lower glumelinear, lemmanarrowly lanceolate, palea Species and itssystematicimplications]. [Caryopsis morphologyoftheChloridoideae(Gramineae) Journal oftheLinneanSociety upper sheathsswollen andopen,in 220. 2001, C. vagini in Sudan:gogheib in India:talaphetar in English:swamp grass tiones Graminum Austriacorum … Botanique tarum on wetsalinesoils,saltyplains,coastal,see glumes moreorlessequalshortlyciliateonthekeels, found densely crowded intosessileovoid orellipsoidheads, tially enclosedbytheuppermostleafsheaths,spikelets itate, spikelets 1- Lam., inpart; Crypsis niliacea Schinz; and tough,leafsheathsslightly in branched, formingmatsorlow cushions,leafbladeslinear Tropical Africa, Europe. Annual, prostrate,ascending, fl orescence axillary, glumesandlemmamoreorless (Link)F. Herm.; 1:60.1753, Piller&Mitterp.) Phleum schoenoides Phalaris geniculata Icones etDescriptionesGraminum Austriacorum (L.)Lam.,see Phalaris vagini fl ora (L.) Aiton ( Am. J. Bot. Flora Carniolica,EditioSecunda 1:166,t.42,f.1.1791, L.) (Piller&Mitterp.)Host; (Forssk.) Opiz( Heleochloa compacta (L.)Lam.( Hercynia Fig.&DeNot.; (Phill.&Mitterp.)Schrad.( Flora Germanica fl [Slavoniae] provinciam …147,t.16. owered awnless, spikelets usuallypar- Tableau EncyclopédiqueetMéthodique 1:38.1806, (Pill.&Mitt.)Roem.; Crypsis phalaroides Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica Agrostis aculeata fl ora 1:121.1937, 91: 2022-2029.2004, Journal fürdieBotanik Sibth.&Sm.; L.) Forssk.) Heleochloa schoenoides 1:23,t.30.1801. 148(1):57-72.May2005 Crypsis compacta Flora Taurico-Caucasica Crypsis schoenoides fl 1:167.1806, fl orescence denselycap- (Steud.) T. Durand& ated andenveloping, fl Feddes Repert. Icones etDescrip- ooded areas,river- Phalaris explicata (L.)Scop.; Phleum alopecu- M.Bieb.; Crypsis schoe- fl Iter perPose- Crypsis expli- Species Plan- at acuminate, 1:62.1771. Heleochloa 18.1775, Botanical 1:312. Steud.; Florae Schoe- Hele- (L.) (L.) 45: 533 1: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC rae Africae tarum Glumacearum al., Mesoamericana 70(5): 129-130.1983, 34: 25-29,199-209.1982, 1975 [EnumeracióndelasplantasHonduras.], den 2(1): 298.1829and 3: 410.1819, Royale desSciencesde Turin capillata C. capillata Species Ceiba the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Press, Washington andLondon1999, Editio Decima Missouri Bot.Gard. type From theGreek Cryptochloa Swallen Naturalientausch 534 the Biological Societyof Washington palea present,3freeand 5-nerved herbaceousand acute,lemmausuallyglabrous, below, femalelemmadorsally compressed,2glumes3-to axillary panicle,femalespikelets above andmalespikelets young grass,” referringtothein like, see Nicaragua, Guatemala,Mexico, Honduras,Colombia. Fern- Raddia concinna Naturelles tiques, PhysiquesetNaturelles. SecondePartie: Sciences de SaintPétersbourg. SixièmeSérie. SciencesMathéma- Brazil. See Olyra podachne 1877 and along rivers andstreams, forest glabrous, 2stigmas,forest,uplandprimaryonslope inconspicuous in 2-ranked leaves, shortlyrhizomatous,plantsmonoecious, leaf bladespseudopetiolate,very shortandnarrowly oblong robust, clumped,caespitose,decumbent ideae, Olyreae,Olyrinae,perennial,herbaceous,unarmed, to Brazil.Bambusoideae, Oryzodae,OlyreaeorBambuso- About 5-8/15species,CentralandSouth America, Mexico C. concinna U.S. Natl.Herb. 29(4):317-318,320-321.1942, American Bamboos Cryptochloa variana 42(1):1-71.2001[2002]. var. var. Bot. Mag. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 3,1(2-3): 114.1834, Mémoires del’AcadémieImpérialedesSciences 5:814.1894. (Trin.) Soderstr. ( (Hook.f.)Swallen ( capillata Flora Brasiliensis seuEnumeratio Plantarum 1253,1261,1379.1759, 6:213-214.1994,EmmetJ.Judziewicz et Mez; 24(8):491.1927. kryptos (Hook.f.)Chase) fl 8:83.1823, orescence few- 122:t.7469.1896and 29(4):320.1942. Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGar- 1:151.1855[1854], ; Raddia capillata Olyra capillata . 267-269.SmithsonianInstitution Novon “hidden”and fl eshy lodicules,stamens0,ovary 56(Beibl.125):6.1921, Swallen, see 14:322.1854, American Journal ofBotany 2(2):81-110.1992, Olyra capillata Flora Brasiliensis fl Mémoires del’Académie fl orescences. fl Olyra concinna oor, relatedto owered, aterminaland 21:185.1908, Ceiba var. var. chloe, chloa Contributions from Opuscoli Scienti (Trin.) Hitchc.) 39:53-54.2000, Systema Naturae, fl oriferous culms, Conspectus Flo- segregata Proceedings of Synopsis Plan- 19(1):1-118. Trin.; 2(2):318. Olyra Brittonia Hook.f.; “grass, Contr. Olyra Döll; Flora Ann. L., fi ci C. stricti Panama. Clumped,see C. soderstromii Botany macearum 388-389, t.255.1799[1800], Plantarum seuProdromus (Hochst. ex Steud.)Benth.,see Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae,type Panama. See Oxford, OxfordUniversity Press1999) geon, PhillipJ.Cribb,Mark W. Chase,FinnRasmussen. See Botany fromtheMissouriBotanicalGardenvol. 4:1-26. I-XXVI. in New York 1993and“ChecklistoftheorchidsPanama.” Guide totheOrchids ofCostaRicaandPanama 1904, nia, 1896-1899, Volume viii,1[2],Botany Reports ofthePrincetonUniversity ExpeditionstoPatago- 1376. 1882, fi Soc his writingsare“Terrestrial plantsofPanama.” collected plantsthroughoutthe American tropics, among at theSmithsonian Tropical ResearchInstitute,Panama, he omist RobertLouisDressler, born1927,anorchidspecialist C. dressleri From theGreek Cryptochloris Benth. Panama. See C. decumbens 352. 1908, 34(2): 200-202,f.1.1982, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil,Colombia.See C. unispiculata 321. 1942. Gard. Panama, Colombia,the Caribbean.See C. variana 1993. Systematic Botany 185. 1908, Proceedings oftheBiological Societyof Washington Centrali-Americana; … Botany… Société BotaniquedeBelgique Mexico, Ecuador, CostaRica,Panama. See ti Swallen; cation oftheOrchid Family fl ora . Washington 2:179-186.1972, Genera Orchidacearum 29(4):318.1942. (E.Fourn.) Chase; Annuario delRealeIstitutoBotanico diRoma 19:106.1881, fl Olyra stricti ora 1:204.1854, Swallen Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGarden Flora ofEthiopiaandEritrea Orchids ofPanama Soderstr. (namedforthebotanistandtaxon- Conspectus Florae Africae (E.Fourn.) Swallen ( Brittonia Brittonia Soderstr. &Zuloaga Davidse Soderstr. kryptos 18(1):80-99.1993, fl ora 34(1):25,f.1.1982. 37:29,f.5.1985. Novon “hidden”plus Hooker’s IconesPlantarum Strephium stricti (E.Fourn.) Hemsl.; Journal oftheLinneanSociety, 1,25.1788, : vol.1, editedby: Alec M.Prid- = AAU Reports . Portland,Oregon 1993, 2(2):96,f.7.1992. . MonographsinSystematic 15(3):465.1876, Tetrapogon Synopsis PlantarumGlu- Nova Genera etSpecies Cryptochloris spathacea Cryptochloa granulifera Phylogeny andClassi- 3(19): 510.1885and Cryptochloa Swallen Cryptochloa Chloris Ann. MissouriBot. 5:864.1895and Flora Atlantica 7:159-163.1995. Ruizia 24:1-241.1990, fl orum 8(1,5,1):211. Desf. Bulletin dela Raddia stric- . 13:1-480. E.Fourn.) Bull. Biol. Brittonia Biologia . Ithaca, 29(4): 14:t. 8(3): Field 21: 2: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Botany 1990, and Nom. Bot. U.S.D.A. 387. 1844and see 25. 1851, 33: 229.1850, Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae 21(3): 131.1934, mische …2:174.1846and tor BotanicusHortensis 2001. the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium tematic Botany York BotanicalGarden [1976], Ctenium Panzer 65. 1968, Bulletin, UnitesStatesDepartmentof Agriculture Pooideae, Poeae,Loliinae,type From theGreek Crypturus Trin. From theGreek Cryptostachys Steud. 190. 1833,Gustav Heynhold (1800- From theGreek Cryptopyrum Heynh. Heynh. Cryptopyrum 276. 1994, Bot. Herbarium 15. 1999, barium 1996, 1993, teae, Sporobolinae,type Chloridoideae, Eragrostideae,orCynodon- deinae, see Pooideae, Triticodae,Pooideae, Triticeae, Triticeae,Hor-or the Triticeae.], 14(1): 539.1770, mentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperalis Petropolitanae 612. 1995, Clayton, Desv., Triatherus 42:554.1964, Flora oftheGuianas,Series A: Phanerogams Species Plantarum Fragmenta FloristicaetGeobotanica Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- Blumea 81:622-629.1994, 48:241,426-431.2003. Feddes Repert. Campulosus (or Dominguezia Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum 2:1274.1874, Contributions from theUnitedStatesNational 48:241,279-307.2003. Monathera Newslett. Int.Organ. Pl.Biosyst.(Oslo) Sida Species Plantarum Raf. U.S.Dept. Agric.Tech. Bull. 35(2):393-458.1991, 12(3):375-448.1999, Taxon Grasses ofCeylon Fragmentos de Algunas PlantasFilipinas 16:529-544.1995, kryptos krypto kryptos Hortus Regius BotanicusBerolinensis Rhodora Botaniska Notiser = 41:562-563.1992, = 1:1-23.1978, 78:509-540.1996, “tohide”and 95:425-521.1984[Conspectusof 1:83.1753, “hidden”and Desv., “hidden”and Cryptostachys vaginata oderalphabetischeundsynony- Aplocera Lolium Raf., Botanical Gazette 56(662):28.1954, Flora Mesoamericana = = American Journal ofBotany 1:83-84.1753, Sporobolus Monocera Elymus Kampochloa Crypturus loliaceus L.

45. 1956, Raf., 169-170.1810, ca. Novon Memoirs oftheNew American Journal of pyros Linnaea oura stachys 128(4):502.1975 Contributions from 1860), 41:57,200-219. L. Campuloa 41(2):521-536. “tail.” Taxon “grain,wheat.” Australian Sys- 3(3):239-243. , or 1:181.1854, 21:15.1896 Elliott, R.Br. 17(4):386- “aspike.” Techn. Bull. Steud.,see Novi Com- Nomencla- W.D. Canad. J. ) 1392:1- 44:611- Technical 606-615. 6:273- 30:10- Link, Flora 2: Campuloa monostachya From icus pulosus aromaticus Walter; C. aromaticum strongly compressedlaterally, 2lowermost twisted whenmature,racemessingleordigitate,spikelets unilateral spike sickle-shapedwhenyoungandspirally linear orinvolute, plantsbisexual, in round, liguleavery shortfringedmembrane,hardleaves unarmed, aromaticornotaromatic,leafsheathusually nial orannual,tufteddenselytufted,herbaceous, Africa, Madagascar. Chloridoideae,Cynodonteae,peren- About 17-20species,tropicalandsubtropical, America and comb,” referringtothearrangementofspikelets. third male Species Journal oftheLinneanSociety (Gramineae) anditssystematicimplications.” Liu, “CaryopsismorphologyoftheChloridoideae Nan-Xian Zhao,GangHao,Xiao-Ying Huand Yun-Xiao nal ofBiogeography upper glumeenclosingthe 2002, 222. 2001, United StatesNationalHerbarium Ecology Mexico: characteristics ofphytogeography.], sis ofvascular plantgeneraofNorth America northof Biogeography 17(8): 579-638.1939, 1988, Bulletin Medical Flora ican MonthlyMagazine andCriticalReview Monthly Magazine andCriticalReview South-Carolina andGeorgia 4: 311,t.13,f.1-2.1813[1814], der Bayer[ischen]. Botanischen Gesellschaft inRegensburg ture, Scienceset Arts d’Angers 38, 61.München1813, Ideen zueinerkünftigen Revision derGattungen derGräser. publié parlaSociétéPhilomatiquedeParis bidentate, paleapresent,2lodiculesfreeand 1788, Nova Genera etSpeciesPlantarumseuProdromus 1753, sandy soils,type habitats, savannah, opengrassland,bushveld, poordry 3, ovary glabrous,2stigmas,foundonmoistsoils,open Plantarum Trin. ex Steud.; fl fl Diversity &Distributions ktenion Syn. Pl. Flora Mesoamericana oret fertile,fourth Supplementum Plantarum orets with2stamens,glumesvery unequal,large 21:103.1967, Aplocera maritima 88(5):790-800.Oct2000, 1:53-54.1753, African Journal ofEcology , thediminutive oftheGreek 26(6):1307-1321.Nov 1999[Floristicanaly- 1:85.1805, 2:193.1830and (Walter) Alph. Wood ( Ctenium carolinianum (Walter) Scribn.; 31(9): 1445-1461.Sep2004,QingLiu, Kew Bulletin Campulosus gangitis Mémoires delaSociétéd’Agricul- (Michx.)Roem.&Schult.; Acta BotanicaBrasilica fl oret maleorsterile,straightawns, Raf.; Nouveau BulletindesSciences, fl 6:290-291.1994, orets, fertilelemmaentireor Species Plantarum 1(2):176.1816, 1:167.1813, 148(1):57-72.May2005. 9(1):73-87.Jan2003, Campuloa gracilis A Sketch oftheBotany 13,114.1781[1782], 41:16,37,57-58,142, 16:471-475.1963, North American Flora North American Contributions from the Campulosus aromat- 40(3):252-259,Sep fl Aegilops aromatica 3:99.1818, orescence asingle Panz., see kteis, ktenos fl 2:189.1810, 4:190.1819, (L.)Kuntze; Denkschriften fl eshy, stamens orets sterile, Botanical Journal of Journal of 1:53-62. 2:1050. American Species Desv.; 1,25. Amer- Cam- Jour- Kew 535 “a Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Monocera aromatica Beauv.) Raspail; nium gangitum C. brevispicatum Hucusque Cognitarum Nardus scorpioides cies Graminum Brazil. Lemmasawned andciliateonthemargins, see Trin.; C. chapadense skapsakademien 1896 and tarum shortly awned, see Brazil, Paraguay. Solitaryracemes,lemmasawnless or stachyus C. brachystachyum in English:toothachegrass Méthodique …Botanique secundum … (Walter)Wood; Alph. (Walter) Hitchc.,nom.illeg., non Campulosus monostachyus Campulosus gracilior 536 Club oftheBritishIsles.Report 1894 and 764. 1891, Americana fi Northern America, U.S., Virginia, Florida.Flowers after Steud.; Ctenium americanum monostachya Brazil, Bahia.Perennial,wiry, erect,often ex Döll; glumes conspicuouslyglandular onthenerves, seeCarl B. racemes 1-sidedandterminal, spikelets in2rows, glabrous leaf bladeslinearandacuminate, straightor 272, 353.1840, book ofBotany dell’Istituto diBologna 474. 1841, Sciences Naturelles, Botanique botanistes 1812, Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie publié parlaSociétéPhilomatiquedeParis 2: 193.1830, tabilium, editiodecimasexta Magazine andCriticalReview Systema Vegetabilium the BotanyofSouth-Carolina andGeorgia re, see 2:417-418.1829, Ctenium trinii Journal deBotanique, rédigéparunesociétéde Triatherus aromaticus Nees) Campulosus chapadensis Species Plantarum 69.1813[ Rhodora Arkiv förBotanikutgivetavK.Svenska Veten- 1:59.1803, Memoirs ofthe Torrey BotanicalClub Memorie dellaReale Accademia delleScienze Michx.; Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda (Trin.) Döll( 806.1861, 249. 1788, (L.)Druce; 1828-1836, 13(10):45.1913. Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda Monerma gangitis J.G.Smith( Flora Brasiliensis seuEnumeratio Plan- 8(95):210.1906, Lam.; (Nees)Kunth ( Ekman) (Walter) Elliott; J. Bot. Appl. (Desvaux) 2:516,800.1817, 1:275.1833. Desv.; Chloris piperita 2:602,pl.43,f.a-c.1850, Ctenium carolinianum Spreng.; Enumeratio PlantarumOmnium Nouveau BulletindesSciences, 1:152.1791, Rottboellia scorpioides Revisio GenerumPlantarum (Michx.)P. Beauv.; 53.1753, Tableau Encyclopédiqueet Campuloa chapadensis Campulosus gracilis Raf.) Botanical Gazette 1:274.1825, Cynodon monostachyos Campulosus brachystachyus 5:303.1825, 3:99.1818, 3:416.1914. Trin.) Ctenium aromaticum (L.)Roem.&Schult.; Ctenium aromaticum Campulosus brachy- 64,157,158,f.1. Botanical Exchange Nardus gangitis Michx.ex Steud.; Flora Caroliniana, American Monthly 1(2):176.1816, fi Flora Boreali- 2:189.1810, Medical Flora Systema Vege- brous atbase, ], Panz.; Annales des A Sketch of 21:363. 5(4):45. fl Poir. ex A Class- Bertol.; Chloris exuous Trin. Spe- Cte- (P. L.; 1: 2: 2: 1921, agricole tropicale and H.J.R. Vanderyst (1860-1934), t. 59.1830, icale C. in Senegal: dikandapali,labakoy, rev, rov, uluku,yagon gare, wutsiyarkuusuu wandulho, wutsiyarbeeraa,biri,kadan- wicco dombru,pallandi,wanduho, wixxo in Nigeria:aboriworoko, shinaka,sinaka,sinakaho,weewe, naka buhirdi, chinaka, ikardan’allagh,kinaka,niél,niniét,shi- in Niger:alakad,alakaka,batkaarey, batakwaré, bataré, in Mali:samusaana,wolo kaman in Guinea-Bissau:undáte in Guinea:enokolomb 387. 1954. non leaves mostlybasal,leafsheathusuallyround,basalsheaths South Africa. Perennial,denselytufted,unbranched, wiry, Pilg.; C. cirrosum Flora Brasiliensis descriptionibus …Petropoli[St.Petersburg] 1828-1836, Trinius (1778-1844), C. concinnum 1831. 2: 416-417.1829, America. See Hitchc.) somalense veld, poordrysandysoils, onmoistsoils,similarto value, speciesofopenhabitats,grassland,bush- laterally, upperglumetubercled,straightawns, low grazing and spirallytwistedwhenmature,spikelets compressed cence asingleunilateralspike sickle-shapedwhenyoung Illustrationes Monographicae illeg., non C. elegans in South Africa: sekelgras in English:sicklegrass 9(82): 118.1924, des Botanischen Gartens undMuseumszuBerlin-Dahlem des Graminées for makingbaskets, foundondrysandysoils,see wiry, low tomediumgrazing value, usedforthatchingand Tropical Africa. Strongly aromatic,denselytufted,annual, Steud.) fl fi oridanum 14(150):128.1934, brous, liguleashortmembrane,hardleaves, in Ctenium minus Revue deBotanique Appliquée etd’Agriculture Trop- (Chiov.) Chiov., see Kunth ( Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Chloris elegans (Nees)Kunth ( Flora Brasiliensis seuEnumeratio Plantarum 1:93.1829, (Hitchc.)Hitchc.( Nees( . BasetMoyen-Congo Belge…Bruxelles 2(3):73-74.1878. Kew Bulletin Révision desGraminées Chloris elegans (Pilg.)Clayton) Ctenium concinnum Species Graminum Petite Flore del’Ouest-Africain Révision desGraminées Kunth; Campulosus cirrosus 1:237.1841and 16:473.1963. Florae AfricaeAustralioris (Kunth) Roberty, nom. Campulosus Étude del’agrostologie Ctenium serpentinum Ctenium Panzer 2:445,t.136. var. var. iconibus et 1:202.1854 fl Notizblatt Nees) oridanus Révision Ctenium indutum 2:295, fl ores- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC newtonii America. See Ctenopsis DeNotaris fi Ethiopia. Perennial,erect,tufted, slender, oldleafsheaths lense C. newtonii 162. 1928. Proceedings oftheBiological Societyof Washington ductum grass, openbushland, stony areas,overgrazed aggressive, pioneer, low grazingvalue, usedas athatching Tropical Africa. Perennial,tufted,wiry, aromatic, colonizer, British-born Portugueseplantcollectorin West Africa) Francis[co] Xavier Oakley de Aguiar Newton, 1864-1909, in SierraLeone: gare, wutsiyarkuusuu wandulho, wutsiyarbeeraa,biri,kadan- wicco dombru,pallandi,wanduho, wixxo in Nigeria:aboriworoko, shinaka,sinaka,sinakaho,weewe, in Mali:wolo kaman in Guinea:d’yubalibowal, dyubalibowal Adansonia Appliquée etd’Agriculture Tropicale Berlin-Dahlem and soils, see Giornale BotanicoItaliano del RealeIstitutoBotanicodiRoma Nubia. See C. nubicum in Upper Volta: laasidawaadi, lamzudu wolen C. somalense Guinea. See margins, see Brazil andParaguay. Lemmasawned andciliateonthe C. polystachyum Flora National Herbarium America, Mexico. See Hitchc.) C. plumosum 275. 1833, Enumeratio Plantarum OmniumHucusqueCognitarum America. See Presl; C. planifolium Africa, Gramineae C. sesqui 244. 1885. brous, openplaces,bushland, deciduous bushland, see Notizblatt desBotanischen GartensundMuseumszu Chiov.) 17(8):602.1939. Ctenium glandulosum Pilg.; var. var. fl Boletim daSociedadeBroteriana 15(3):388.1975[1976]. orum Botanical Gazette Hack.( Index Seminum[Geneva] DeNot. Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance Kew Bulletin (Chiov.) Chiov. ( majusculum (Hitchc.)Swallen ( American Journal ofBotany Ctenium schweinfurthii (J.Presl)Kunth ( Reliquiae Haenkeanae 9(82):116.1924, Clayton Balansa fi (Part 2):324.1974. Ctenium camposum wa, fonigboli,kerinkeralal, puisale, 17(3):330.1913, Contributions from theUnitedStates Pilg.; 14:239-240.1960. n.s.26:82.1919, Scribn.&J.G.Sm.) 21(6):362.1896. Ctenium nubicum Ctenium newtonii Campulosus planifolius 7:72.1897and Campulosus plumosus Revue deBotanique 14(150):128.1934, 25.1852, 1(4-5):287.1830, Pilg.)(inhonorof A. Chev.; A. North American 2:306.1915, 5:229.1887 Fl. Trop.E. fi var. var. elds, poor Annuario var. var. Ctenium Nuovo soma- 41: pro- 32: 1: J. l’Afrique duNord 13. 1866and Annales desSciencesNaturelles; Botanique, sér. 5, 1981, Flora Badensis Alsatica (Delile) DeNot.,see habitats, oftenreferredto nous, 3stamens,ovary glabrous, stigmas2,speciesofopen mas papery, paleapresent, 2lodiculesfreeandmembra- glumes, lower glume0-nerved, upperglume3-nerved, lem- iculate, spikelets pectinatecompressedlaterally, 2unequal 130(2): 186.1977, Botánico A. J. Cavanilles angrenzenden Länder Botanischen Vereins fürdieProvinz Brandenburg unddie ensis Watsonia membrane, plantsbisexual, in spitose, herbaceous,auriclesabsent,liguleanunfringed Poodae, Poeae,orPooideae,Loliinae,annual,cae- About 4species,Mediterranean, Western Asia. Pooideae, like in Flora Mediterranea Mesoamericana Sociedade Broteriana, ser. 2 Plant BiosystematistsNewsletter C. cynosuroides Species 690-694. 2003. tributions from theUnited StatesNationalHerbarium 341. 1999, Greek Ctenopsis DeNotaris C. patens Gramineae Botanico Italiano Istituto BotanicodiRoma Index Seminum[Geneva] C. gypsophila Mediterranean. See Villar) Europe. See Cavanilles 27: 47.1877and Mediterranean. See Nord Bulletin delaSociétéd’Histoire Naturelle del’Afriquedu (Cucurbitaceae), tuca cynosuroides 26.1847, 16:100-101.1925, Watsonia fl ktenos orescence; imitating 16:300.1987, (Boiss.)Melderis( 21:368.1963. (Part 2):324.1974. Systematic Botany Arkiv förBotanik, Andra Serien “acomb”and Bulletin delaSociétéd’Histoire Naturelle de

(Hack.) Paunero ( 15:38-39.1984, Prodromus Florae Hispanicae 6:228.1994,

(Desf.) Paunero ex RomeroGarcia( n.s.26:82.1919, Desf.; 16:100-102.1925, Nordic Journal ofBotany 8:307-313.1998, Flora Atlantica Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift Anales delInstitutoBotánico A. J. Vulpia 76:29.1936, Species Plantarum 1:8.1805, 21:365.1963, 7:72.1897and Lagascalia Vulpia Narduretia cynosuroides 25.1852, International Organization of = Gmelin Ctenium opsis Vulpia patens fl 27(2):241-251.2002, orescence racemoseorpan- Ctenopsis 64:35-74.1991, Bothalia Festuca gypsophila , type 13:16.1989, Taxon “resemblance,” acomb- Index Sem.Hort.Genu- 1:88,t.12.1798and 18(2):321.1996. . Annuario delReale Anales delInstituto Bothalia Ctenopsis pectinella Fl. Trop.E. Africa, 33:351-354.1984, Verhandlungen des 27:75-82.1997, Botaniska Notiser 1:73-76.1753, Nuovo Giornale Boiss.) Naudin 1(1):20,24. 2: 297.1952. 1:90.1861, 29(2):335- Boletim da (Desf.) Hack.) 6:12- Flora Con- Fes- 48: 537 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 46: 69-104,166.2003. Contributions from the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 12: 113-179.1999, 1-85. 1998, Eritrea 595. 1995, 20. 1995, Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Mesoamericana Rijks.-Herb. 1842 and 482. 1896and Catalogue RaisonnèdesPlantes Vasculaires dela Tunisie tung. Berlin rumelicae etbithynicae… Europe. See Vulpia pectinella 159, t. 8, f. 7. 1: 41.1803, backed” and icus Berolinensis Species Plantarum type or Aristidoideae,Aristideae, Arundinoideae, Aristideae, Nouvelle Agrostographie Imperalis Petropolitanae 85-87. 1753, dia scleropoides coastal, maritime,stony hillsides,sandyplaces,type brous, 2stigmas,native pasturespecies,openhabitats, present, 2freeandciliatelodicules,3stamens,ovary gla- nerved, upperglume1-5nerved, 3nerved lemma,palea glumes very unequalorsubequal,lower glume1-to3- branches, paniclesparse,spikelets several- bisexual, openin linear leafblades,liguleanunfringedmembrane,plants hollow, branched,nodes glabrous,auriclesabsent,narrow Poeae, Ammochloinae, orPooideae,Poodae,Poeae,annual, About 6species,MiddleEast,Mediterranean.Pooideae, tana La BotánicaylosBotánicosdelaPeninsula Hispano-Lusi- notes uponbotanists fessor ofbotany (Madrid); seeJ.H.Barnhart, For theSpanishbotanist Vicente Cutanda,1804-1866,pro- Desmazeria Cutandia Willk. From theGreek Curtopogon P. Beauv. C. pectinella 538 mentationes Botanicae . Madrid1858. Curtopogon dichotomus 7:76-85.1995, Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGarden Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. Candollea 54:9.1926, 18:130.1860, Boletim doInstitutodeBotânica(SãoPaulo) Flora Orientalis (Delile)DeNot.( pogon Dumort., Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum 1812, Flore deFrance 6:253-257.1994, Willk.,see (Delile)Boiss.) 1:44,145,280.1827, kyrtos fl 1:82.1753, Acta BotánicaMexicana “beard.” orescence paniculatewithdivergent 3:1-35.1994, . 1:407.1965;M.ColmeiroyPenido, Species Graminum Stipaceorum = 53(2):466-470.1998, 26-27.1822, “curved, swelling,bent,hunch- Kurtziana Grassland ofChina 100,15,pl.19,f.35.1812, Catapodium 14(1):539.1770, Scleropoa 2: 431.1846, Flore d’Alger = 5:631.1884. Species Plantarum 14:290.1913, (Michx.)P. Beauv., see Aristida Festuca pectinella Flora Boreali-Americana 22(7): 529.1924, 1:123-206.1961, Flora ofEthiopiaand Hortus Regius Botan- Flora del Valle de Griseb. Link, Spicilegium L. 236-237.1895, Botanische Zei- 63:1-45.2003, 1995(1):16- Biographical Bot. Rev. Essai d’une fl Annales du owered, 2 1:73-76, 82:593- Delile; Meded. Cutan- fl Flora Com- 101. orae 32, 64: Générale del’Agriculture Tunisie. Service Botanique(et Agronomique) delaDirection Budapest Länder Vereins fürdieProvinz Brandenburg unddieangrenzenden Society Halle, Erster Nachtrag t. 22.1798, ou Nouvelles,… 1848[1850], Flora italiana,ossiadescrizionedellepiante… macearum the Cairo University Herbarium 76: 350-352.1978, related genera.” Steud.; Dactylis memphitica phitica var. Scleropoa caspica & Durieu; Europe. Native pasturespecies,see (Spreng.) Parl.) Flore del’AfriqueduNord: source habitatonplanttraitsandfunctionalgroupde Abdel-Hamid A. Khedr, “Effects ofgrowing conditionsand 241, 256,609.2003,MagdyI.El-Bana,Ivan Nijsand butions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Dyer, D.E.Goldberg, R. Turkington andC.Sayre, letter International Organization ofPlantBiosystematistsNews- Boletim daSociedadeBroteriana, ser. 2 rie C. memphitica Europeae Sardoae Compendium 1: 468.1848[1850], William Barbey (1842-1914), 743. 1817, Plantae Europeae Europe. See Lam. ex DC.,nom.illeg., non stographie Flore Françoise ropoa maritima Cutandia maritima Beauv.; C. maritima Species able resourcelevels.” “Density regulation inannual plantcommunitiesundervari- Ecology of ariddegraded rangelands inNorthernSinai.” importance ofphytogenic mounds(Nebkhas)for restoration tion.” 2:184.1855, memphitica 13:16.1989, Functional Ecology (Sprengel)Benth.; 91:441.1985, 76:31.1936,C.A.Stace,“Noteson Festuca divaricata 11(3):317-324.Sep2003,HagitShilo-Volin etal., Brachypodium maritimum 1934:95.1935, 1:78.1890. 1:303.1854, 102,146,180.1812, Flora italiana,ossiadescrizione dellepiante… Festuca memphitica Species Plantarum,EditioSecunda (L.)Barbey ( Notes surQuelquesPlantesCritiques,Rares, Der Botanische GartenderUniversität zu

(L.)Parl.; (Spreng.)Maire& Weiller; 3:47.1805, (Spreng.) K.Richt.( Botanical Journal oftheLinneanSociety Botanische Zeitung. Berlin 1:77.1890, 183.1851, (L.)Richter; Taxon Lagascalia K.Koch; Spreng.; 190.Lausanne1884[1885], Oikos Annali diBotanica 1:20.1801, Exploration Scienti 33:351-354.1984, var. var. 15(1):85-95.Feb2001,“The Verhandlungen desBotanischen Triticum maritimum 108(2):241-252.Feb2005. Cutandia scleropoides Agropyron maritimum 3: 38.1955, Essai d’uneNouvelle Agro- Flore d’Alger 20(2):265-275.1998, A.R. memphitica Festuca caspica (Spreng.)Boiss.ex Coss.; Festuca maritima Synopsis PlantarumGlu- 5:51.1972[1974]. 4(2):68.1927, Scleropoa memphitica Systema Vegetabilium (L.)Roem.&Schult.; Festuca maritima Linnaea Flora Atlantica Curtopogon P.Curtopogon Beauv. Cutandia dichotoma 61:281-304.1988, 45:75-102.1987, Publications from (Spreng.)Coss. Cutandia mem- fi 18:130.1860, 21:409.1848, 237.1895and que del’Algé- Cutandia Bot. J. Linn. L.) Restoration (K.Koch) 128.1762, Ind. Hort. L.; 48:230, 1:470. Willk.; (L.)P. Plantae Contri- Florae 1:89, Scle- and fi (L.) 2: ni- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC ring tothestoloniferousculm ortothecupularpediceltips. cion geogra (1742-1821), graphical notesuponbotanists From theGreek Cyathopus Stapf Bourdier, in Herausgegeben von … W.F.G. Behn.Kiel1845;Franck Briefe anC.H.Pfaff ausdenJahren 1788bis1792 et la Vie deM. leBaron Cuvier Duvernoy (1777-1855), (1773-1838, d.Strasbourg, France).SeeGeorges Louis he was thebrotherofFrenchzoologistFrédéricCuvier Description Géologique desenvirons deParis des Poissons 1835, with Achille Valenciennes wrote guières Française, hisworks include Collège deFrance,in1818memberofthe Académie ber oftheInstitutdeFrance,from1800professorat of animalanatomyattheMuséum(Paris), in1796amem- (1772-1844) andLamarck,from1795assistantprofessor (former/once) friendofÉtienneGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire Kielmeyer (1765-1844)attheCarolineUniversity, gist, comparative anatomist,studiedunderKarlFriedrich Cuvier, 1769-1832(Paris, France),zoologist,palaeontolo- ist Georges LéopoldChrétien FrédéricDagobertbaron After theFrench(born Württemberg, Montbéliard)natural- (Jessen) Harz Hordelymus Cuviera Koeler Cuviera Koeler Cuvier. Paris 1809and méridionale Philomatique deParis] [1799], ingrad) et Appliquée kunde Plantarum Series Botanica iano Socialiste Romania logical Survey de laSociétéBotaniqueBelgique tio Graminum inGallia etGermania muséum nationald’histoire naturelle Koeler, see Pooideae, Triticodae, Triticeae,type ckenaer. Madrid1941. medios delosJesuitasparasometer…Pub. porC.A.Wal- schlands GräserundGetreidearten Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda sur lesGraminées dela Flore Belgique 111(1-2):58.1977, 2:1147.1885and , 35:191.1950, etc 3(2):1206.1883, fi Species Plantarum . [Rapportgénéraldestravaux delaSociété , parF. de Azara …enrichisdenotesparG. 1:18,38.1901, . Paris 1828-1849,with A. Brongniartwrote D.S.B ca …delParaguay …los pueblossalvajes … Viaje porla America meridional 17(1-2):120.1971[1972], (Jess.)Jess.ex Harz, 27:57-74.1985, kyathos . 3:520-528.1981;J.H.Barnhart, 12:583.1973, = The Animal Kingdom The Animal New PublicationsoftheU.S. Geo- “cup,ladle”and Cuviera Notice historiquesurlesOuvrages Archives deBiologie Végétale Pure Acta Biologica Cracoviensia, Notice biographique surBru- Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow&Len- Landwirthschat . 1:408.1965;Felixde Azara 1:84-85.1753, Voyages dans l’Amérique . Paris 1833; DC.(Rubiaceae), Taxon Giornale BotanicoItal- … 202.1863, 9:222.1807, Cuviera europaea 7:66.1868, 1802, 2:233.1841, 49(2):250.2000. Hordelymus 92.1823[1824], pous Histoire naturelle Flora Republicii . London1827- fl “foot,” refer- Observations . Ladescrip- . Paris 1822, iche Samen- G. Cuvier’s Annales du Descrip- Bulletin Genera Deut- (L.) Bio-

… Département desHautes-Pyrénées Herbarium 39. 1970, 24: 192.1925, versitatis Lundensis 1827, 19,5. 1812, see Pooideae, Poodae, Aveneae, orPooideae,Poeae, Aveninae, small cup.” bisexual, in and scabrid,leafsheathsglabrous,liguleelongate, plants scabrid orglabrous,terete,branched,leafbladesnarrow nial, erectandleafy, ascending,tufted,herbaceous,slender, One species,Sikkim,easternHimalayas. Aveneae, peren- Cyathorhachis Cyathorhachis NeesexSteud. From theGreek = Cyclostachya J.R. Reeder& C.G.Reeder From Cyclichnium Dulac From theGreek Andropogoneae, type axis, midribofaleaf.” 1854 [1855]and (July) 1838, referring tothein Brown, Steud., seeJohnJosephBennett(1801-1876)andRobert (Gramineae: Andropogoneae)]. 47(3): 545-580.2002[Revision ofChionachninae leaf bladesoblongandacuteto North Sikkim.Stoutculms,erect,creeping,stoloniferous, C. sikkimensis Species effuse, spikelets glabrousatbase,glumesbeaked. panicle, spikelets borneontheslenderbranchesofdecompound 7: 240.1897and Hooker’s IconesPlantarum woods, valleys, type 3 stamens,ovary glabrous,2stigmas,shadespecies,in membranous andawnless, palea2-keeled, 2freelodicules, Bouteloua Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie kylichnion Conspectus Regni Vegetabilis Plantae Javanicae rariores fl oret 1,2glumessubequaland3-nerved, lemma Contributions from theUnitedStatesNational 48:241,370.2003. fl Hortus Regius BotanicusBerolinensis orescence paniculateandlax,openpanicle, Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Lag. Stapf Flora delaProvincia deBuenos Aires kyklos , thediminutive ofthe Greek kyathos Steud., Meded. Rijks-Herb. fl Grasses ofBurma orescences, tothematureracemes. 36(1):27.1900, “circle,round”and Cyathorhachis wallichiana Cyathopus sikkimensis “cup,ladle”and = t.2395.1895, Polytoca Gaudinia fi 68.1867and . 15,18,20,f.5.London nely acuminate,panicle …565.1960. Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. 54.1828, 67:9.1931, R.Br. = P. Beauv. stachys 95,153,164,t. Fl. BritishIndia rhachis Stapf,see kylichne “aspike,” Acta Uni- Flore du Neesex 1:403. “rachis, 1:151. Blumea 4(2):

539 “a Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 29(2): 125-131.1994, barium 1994, den 25: 140-143.1990, in Mexico: zacaterueda delphia Proceedings ofthe Academy ofNatural SciencesofPhila- Mexico. Goodforage,see Bouteloua stolonifera stolonifer 1929-1931, Royal BotanicGardens,Kew. Oxford:ClarendonPress under theauspicesofRoyal Society ofLondonatthe tions of gams 291, 293.1986, pressed, malein and OttoStapf(1857-1933), C. stolonifera Species States NationalHerbarium liinae, see Rottboel- Panicoideae, Andropogonodae, Andropogoneae, grind, towearaway, to waste.” Club Gen. Sp.Nov. de Ciencias,Literatura y Artes stolonifera 2 stigmas,openhabitats,dryareas,type fl 2- to3-nerved, lemma3-awned, paleapresent, 2freeand unequal anddissimilar, lower glume1-nerved. upperglume wheat.” From theGreek = Cylindropyrum (Jaub. &Spach)Á.Löve “distress, weaken,” orLatin summer-fruits,” by turning,” orpossiblyfromtheGreek From Greek Cycloteria Stapf raceme, 1fertile branous, plantsdioecious,in solid, auriclesabsent,leafbladesnarrow linear, ligulemem- louinae, perennial,herbaceous,stoloniferous,caespitose, One species,Mexico. Chloridoideae,Cynodonteae,Boute- 540 “rounded off, smoothed,shapely,” sheath, hermaphrodite eshy lodicules,nostamens,3staminodes,ovary glabrous, Aegilops 81(4):775-783.1994, 90:195-196.1963, 8:143-146.1990, Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- 46:161-162,295-296.2003. 43(2):302.1891and fl owering plants,fernsandfernallies…/prepared E.Fourn.; Voyage Autour duMonde (Scribn.)Reeder&C.Reeder, see Kew Bulletin L. kyklos 5.1816and (Scribn.)Reeder&( Flora oftheGuianas.Series A, Phanero- thero fl kylindros orescence deciduous,2narrow glumes fl “circle,round”and Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGar- oret, femalespikelets dorsallycom- Scribn.) = “heat,warm,” Greek Bouteloua reederorum Flora Mesoamericana Journal ofCytology andGenetics fl Coelorachis 24:309-314.1970, Journal ofCytology andGenetics orets lacking,singlepectinate Mexicanas Plantas “acylinder” and Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Contributions from theUnited 41:20-33,58-59.2001. tero, -is,trivi,tritum,terere Index Londinensis Aliso fl 2(4,21):134,141.1805, orescence exserted from 2:64,f.14.1829[1831] kykloteres 18(1):63.1999. Brongn. teres theros “maderound 2:140.1886, Cyclostachya pyros teiro, teirein Atheropogon 6:396-397. , Columbus; Blumea toillustra- Variedades retis “summer, “grain, (

tero 31: “to ) cellany 1830, National Herbarium num vationes Botanicae Panicoideae, Paniceae, Paspalinae, type chloe, chloa From theGreek Cymatochloa Schltdl. rescence, alittle From theGreek Cymbanthelia Andersson an allusiontotheshapeof From theGreek Cymbachne Retz. triacorum 1050-1051. 1753, Pooideae, Triticeae, Triticinae,see 46: 166-167,443-527.2003. Contributions from the UnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis National Herbarium 12: 116.1908, tarum 326. 1861, 817, 821-822.1854, Plantarum 109, pl.6.f.4.1816, A Sketch oftheBotanySouth-Carolina andGeorgia ico-Anatomico-Botanico-Medica 846, 855,1359.1759, talium itans Regni Vegetabilis Repert. Biologisches Zentralblatt 1960, Supplement barium 2000, Taxon 1992, Sprengel pogoninae, see Panicoideae, Andropogonodae,Andropogoneae,Andro- Upsaliensis 14-15. 1815, 376.1999, (Elliott)Schltdl.,see 3(2):1097-1098.1883and 44:611-612.1995, 4:12.1851and Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- Hooker’s Journal ofBotanyandKew Garden Mis- Agric. Univ. Wageningen Pap. Feddes Repert. 2:103.1850, 48:20-23,241.2003. 95(7-8):493,495,500.1984, 2:6,t.7.1802, 2:77.1829, Flora Brasiliensis 3:15,17.1946, ser. 3,2:254.1856 and “grass,younggrass.” Nova Acta Regiae SocietatisScientiarum Plantarum MinusCognitarum Pugillus kymbe Beih.55:84,90,103,117.1929, ﬂ kymbe Contributions from the UnitedStates kyma, kymatos Contributions from theUnitedStates Icones etDescriptionesGraminum Aus- ower.” 6:36.Jul-Nov 1791and 46:167.2003. 91:225-228,233-234,236.1980, Botanische Zeitung. Berlin 24(8):435.1927, “boat”and Acta Helvetica,Physico-Mathemat- Botanische Zeitung. Berlin Flora Brasiliensis seuEnumeratio “boat”and Species Graminum Repertorium SpecierumNovarum 101(2):206-208.1982, Systema Naturae, EditioDecima Illustrationes PlantarumOrien- ﬂ Flora de Veracruz Grasses ofBurma = 2(2):98.1877, owers andspikes, see Paspalum 7:129,t.7.1762[1772], “anything swollen” and = anthele Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. achne Species Plantarum Bot. Porto Rico Cymbopogon 26(7-15):229.1929, 94-7:1-512.1994, Taxon Cymatochloa “atypeofin “chaff, glume,” Cycloteria Stapf 3:t.271.1829- Genera Grami- L. 41:552-583. Genera Plan- Repertorium …653-655. 114:1-16. 19(44): 12(47): Blumea, Feddes Obser- 1:27.

1(2): fl fl 2: 2: u- o- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC sterile sessile spikelets awned andwith1fertile pressed andpedicelledspikelet never concave ontheback, lets pairedanddissimilar, sessilespikelet dorsallycom- racemes pairedandenclosedinareddishspatheole,spike- peduncled, atthetipofeachbranch2smallracemes, compound andmultibranched,racemesshortlong ual, in or notscarious,leaves lineartolanceolate,plantsbisex- nodes solid,auriclesabsent,ligulemembranousandfringed aromatic, herbaceous,denselytufted,unbranched,inter- pogoninae, perennialorrarelyannual,robust, tussocky, tall, Panicoideae, Andropogonodae,Andropogoneae,Andro- About 40/55(-60)species,Old World tropicsandsubtropics. Plantarum MinusCognitarum Pugillus or totheglumes;seeKurt PolycarpJoachimSprengel, ring tothemany-awned spikelets andboat-shapedspathes From theGreek Cymbopogon Sprengel barium 1923, Cymbopogon Sprengel Gymnanthelia Andersson, bles bor considerablegeneticvariation, adif ingested inquantity, populations occurringinthewildhar- known fortheirantimicrobialactivity, maybeharmfulif oils fromdifferent speciesofthegenus as anaturalprecursorofsemisyntheticvitamin A, essential uses infood,perfumeryandpharmaceuticalindustry (L.) Spreng.,see rainforest, openhabitats,type mountains andgrasslandstoaridzones,drysoils,savannah, Folia Primatologica the in vide seedforsmallbirds,ornamentalfoliageand stigmas, usuallygrazedwhenyoung,several speciespro- 2 lodiculesfreeand bi or concave andlaterally2-keeled, upperlemma2-lobedor icine andas could develop toxicproperties, aromaticoilsusedinmed- 1953 and52:149-183.1954, 351, 357.1906, Bulletin ofMiscellaneousInformation Kew 3, 2:254.1856, Nova Acta Regiae SocietatisScientiarumUpsaliensis Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum cae Australioris Illustrationes Monographicae Allgemeine Gartenzeitung Plantarum MinusCognitarum Pugillus logus plantarumhortibotanicimonspeliensis fi d pedicellatespikelets awnless andsterile,paleaabsent, fl Andropogon fl Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHer- fl orescences, undercertainconditionsseveral species 46:167-169.2003. orescences spatheateandspatheolate,large panicles oret, 2glumesmoreorlessequal,lower glume fl Gymnanthelia avouring agents,highly kymbe Andersson J. BombayNat.Hist.Soc. Species Plantarum Beitr. Flora Aethiopiens L.,drought-resistant,occursfrom 15:1-35.1971,S.Soenarko, “The fl “aboat”and eshy, 3stamens,ovary glabrous,2 3:267.Berlin1835, = Cytologia Cymbopogon schoenanthus Schweinf., Cymbanthelia 1:383.1855[1854], pogon 2:1045.1753, fi . 2:14.1815. fl 19:97-103.1954, cult genus,resem- 2:14-15.1815, ammable, diverse Cymbopogon “abeard,” refer- 1906:322,350- 229. 1867and fl 51:890-916. oret above a Florae Afri- 109.1841, 78.1813,

Cata- are ser. fl at tus ogy 2005, logical Management andRestoration tion, thewholeplantdriedused asalinimentforscabies, between thehandsandscent inhaledtorelieve conges- aborigines foranalgesicpurposes, thefreshgrassiscrushed drought resistant,revegetation, usedbythe Australian ately palatabletorabbits,handsome andvery attractive, slender, notusuallygrazed,rarelyeatenbystock,moder- blue-green andvery hairyordenselysilky-villous, awn or lesserect,very narrow panicles,sheathingbract,spikelets erect orarching,denselyvillousracemespairedandmore bluish greenorsometimesreddish,sheathglabrous,stems scented, caespitose,formingerectandleafytussocks,leaves Wales, Northern Territory. Perennial,slender, tufted,lemon- South Australia, Western Australia, Queensland,New South exaltatus pogon ambiguus Microbiology nom. illeg., non C. ambiguus in English:lemongrasses C. Species 464. June2005. Applied Microbiology inary Entomology Management 19-23. Mar2004, 246. 1994, of Ecology 167-169, 243.2003, tributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium 2004, Uganda.” plants fromandaroundKibaleNationalPark, Western 237. Apr 2004,E.K.Kakudidi,“Culturalandsocialusesof C4 photosynthesis.” subfamily Panicoideae (Poaceae)shows multipleoriginsof Elizabeth A. Kellogg, “A molecularphylogeny ofthegrass Giussani, J.HugoCota-Sánchez,FernandoO.Zuloaga and Institute ofMedicinal& Aromatic Plants2000, LilianaM. Kukreja, J.R.SharmaandG.D.Bagchi.Lucknow, Central graph/edited bySushilKumar, SamreshDwivedi, A.K. 9(3): 225-375.1977, genus 390-391. 1994, and Genetics Botanical Garden 206. 1985, 51-57. 1980, 1986, spp. sensuJ.Black,non(R.Br.) Domin; 40(1): 97-103.Jan2005, Helicobacter Cytologia International Journal ofFood Scienceand Technol- Cymbopogon var. var. African Journal ofEcology 42(3):237-238.Sep2004, Journal ofCytology andGenetics Cymbopogon: TheAromaticGrass. 4(4):239-248.Dec2004, 25:140-143.1990, 39(5):395-400.Nov 2004, A. Camus( Journal ofCytology andGenetics ambiguus Journal ofCytology andGenetics 53:517-524.1988, (Steudel) A. Camus; Andropogon ambiguus 75:866-873.1988, 18(4):449-452.Dec2004, Journal of Applied Ecology 9(s1):42-48, Aug 2004, Sprengel(Gramineae).” Am. J. Bot. Weed Biology andManagement Journal ofCytology andGenetics 97(6): 1289-1296.Dec2004 (A.Camus)Domin) Andropogon ambiguus Austral. Ecology 88:1993-2012.2001, Flora Mesoamericana Annals oftheMissouri 42(s1): 114-118. Aug Cymbopogon exalta- Journal ofCytology 6(1):43-50. Apr Medical and Veter- Letters in Applied Michx.; Weed Biology and African Journal Cymbopogon 41(2):224- Reinwardtia 21:21-34. 30(4): 445- Journal of 20:205- Steudel, 24:241- Cymbo- Mono- , Eco- Con- 4(1): 46: 15: 541 6: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Stapf; ali-Americana in stony uplands,oftennearwater courses,see have shallow loamorclayey soils,alsoalongcreekbanks low rocky soils,exposed graniteandonroadsides which sores, crampandsoreheads,growing onrocky hills,shal- 542 Cymbopogon connatus Hook. & Arn.) Stapf; macearum excavatus R. Br.; C. bombycinus oilgrass, scentgrass,lemongrass in English:scentedgrass,lemon niale 1915, blade widestatthebase,leaf sheathroundedandsmooth, tions ofthestemnotcovered withleafsheaths,narrow leaf unbranched, wiry, erect,knottedwoody rhizome,lower por- densely tuftedorloosely tufted,tussocky, usually Africa, Namibia,Swaziland. Perennial,straggling,tuftedor Eastern Africa, Somalia, southernIndia,SriLanka,South caesius (L.) Spreng.; (Hochst.) Stapfex BurttDavy; Andropogon lanatus schultzii “silk, silk-worm, silkgarment,” Latin to thesilky hairsofthespikelets, Greek Domin; Camus, nom.illeg., non worm, silk,any sius anthus caesius 596. 1889, diae banks, alluvial an increaserspecies,sandyorstony soils,alongstream spikelets withlongsilky hairs,ornamentalandattractive, stems slenderandrigid,leaves narrow andrigid,woolly nial, erect,tufted,tough,formingerectandrigidtussocks, Western Australia, Queensland,Northern Territory. Peren- var. var. (Nees ex Hook.& Arn.) Hack.; L.; Andropogon excavatus Hook. & Arn.; C. caesius in English:citronellagrass,silky oilgrass Appliquée &d’Agriculture Coloniale Bibliotheca Botanica nom. illeg., non (Neesex Hook.& Arn.) Hack.; Andropogon schoenanthus 202.1810, gracillimus 1:290.1921. Revue deBotanique Appliquée &d’Agriculture Colo- Cymbopogon connatus var. var. “bluishgray”) (Nees)Hackel; Andropogon exaltatus Sorghum bombycinum Hack.; 1:385.1854and (Hochst.)Stapf; (Nees)Stapf( Revisio GenerumPlantarum caesius Trachypogon schoenanthus 1:58.1803, fl Andropogon connatus (R.Br.) Domin( Hook.f.; fi ats, see Monographiae Phanerogamarum ne Cymbopogon bombycinus Andropogon schoenanthus (Neesex Hook.& Arn.) Rangachariar, fi Cymbopogon caesius R.Br.; 85:274.1915, ber”) Hochst.; var. var. Andropogon schoenanthus Cymbopogon bombycinus Prodromus Florae Novae Hollan- Cymbopogon caesius Andropogon caesius muticus Bibliotheca Botanica (Hochst.ex A. Rich.)Chiov.; var. var. (R.Br.) Kuntze) (referring Andropogon procerus Synopsis PlantarumGlu- subsp. Cymbopogon schoenanthus Cymbopogon excavatus Andropogon schoenanthus Andropogon schoenanthus Andropogon bombycinus lanatus Chiov.; Hochst.ex A. Rich.; 1:290.1921. Andropogon schoen- Revue deBotanique bombyx, bycis bombyx, bombykos schoenanthus 2:791.1891and (L.)Nees)(Latin (R.Br.) Hack.; (Hook.& Arn.) Cymbopogon var. var. (R. Br.) A. Flora Bore- (Neesex Neesex var. var. 85:273. 6:595- (R.Br.) caesius “silk- var. var. cae- glabrous, linearleaves blue-greenandwaxy, thickin ligule ashortandroundedmembrane,basalleafsheaths ground, openareas, used forthatchingroofs,foundinmostveld types,damp turpentine smell,sourbynature,eatengoatsin Tanzania, atable becauseofitsbitterleaves andpepperyscent,strong palatable andhard,onlyeatenwhenvery young,very unpal- maturity, aweed,low grazingvalue, poorlyutilized,low lowest pedicelswollen, panicleremainsyellow-green at pedicelled spikelet narrowly lanceolate,sessileracemewith spikelets paired,1spikelet sessileandwithatwistedawn, pair ofspike-like racemespartiallyenclosedbyaspathe, cence, erectfalse paniclenarrow tonarrowly oblong,each overgrazed veld, hillsides, stony soil,opengrassyplain,uplandhillsides, vial plains,onredloamysand,nearthecoast,steeprocky pospischilii bopogon martinii Phanerogamarum 1850, Voyage in Thailand: yakhodaeng 23: 157.1965. Thailand. Indeteminatespecies, see C. calciphilus in southernRhodesia:mWaa (Tswana); patiane(Sotho) koperdraadgras; imbubu (Zulu);mkakama,umqungu tyngras, breëblaarterpentyngras,breitblättrigespfeffergras, stinkgras, suurgras, suurpol,gewone terpentyngras,terpen- in Southern Africa: boegoegras, buchugras, lemoengras, in RodriguesIsland:citronelle,citronellemarron in East Africa: ang’we in Somalia:sandul,sandool in Namibia:Heng’ge(Vasekele) in Vietnam: codit,thui muchival pullu,naatilaamancha,kaamaakshipullu kaasi gaddi, kaasihullu,kharadaamandappullu, in India:adavi nimmagaddi, anjihullu,kaamaanchi m’hâh in Arabic: grass, lemongrass grass, eau-de-Colognegingerlemon-scented grass, buchu grass,turpentinecommon in English:broad-leaved turpentinegrass,kachiinchi Cell andChromosome Research 15-20. 1984, tarum Burma Information Kew 7(21): 205.1897[1896]and 2:1046.1753, …125.1960, Gaz. N.W. Prov. Ind. 244.1838, (K.Schum.)C.E.Hubbard,see Pakistan Journal ofBotany Bor fi (Roxb.) J.F. Watson and 6:610.1889, 1906(8):360-361.1906, eld borders,cliffs, closelyrelatedto Tentamen Florae Abyssinicae … fi Journal ofCytology andGenetics xed dunes,shrubbyvegetation, allu- The BotanyofCaptainBeechey’s 392.1882, Bulletin ofMiscellaneous 15(3):16.1992. The Flora ofBritishIndia Cymbopogon Sprengel Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 17:309-310.1985, Monographiae Species Plan- Cymbopogon Grasses of 2: 464. fl Cym- ores- 19: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC ends, noddingin less waxy, leaves narrowed atthebaseortaperedtoboth fringed membrane,sheathsslightly leafy, shortobliquerhizome, leaves sheathing,ligulea stems slendertorobust, denselyclumped,bushy, tall,very bunchgrass stronglylemon-scented,bluegreen,canelike Southeast Asia, SriLanka,SouthIndia,Nepal.Perennial (DC.) Roberty) nardus Nees; Andropogon citratus C. citratus in Thailand: yaafrikfran, phrikphraan,yaphran 351. 1922, Botanique (Morot) par unesociétédebotanistes See Thailand. Southeast Asia, sis citratus bopogon citratus burghii Kew lon ( C. cambogiensis Cymbopogon Sprengel lower glumeofsessilespikelet concave or with atwistedawn, raceme withlowest pedicelnotswollen, spikelets, sessilespikelet linear-lanceolate andawnless or sessile spikelet bearing2 iate, laxfalse panicles,spathebractslinear-lanceolate, reduced toanemptylemma,upper tion isbyrootorplantdivision, plantsrarely absent, 2lodicules,3stamens,plumosestigmas,propaga- awnless, pedicelledspikelet elliptic-oblong,paleamostly for cooking,thelemon-scentedfoliageusedasa seed, essentialoils,culinaryherb,stemandleaves areused Welwitsch in1853-61 1889, 2(4): 281.1883, Plantarum Glumacearum 15. 1815, Paris, Strasbourg 1813, plantarum hortibotanicimonspeliensis conditions, see deserts, savannah, inclearings,sunny warm andhumid grows wellinsandysoilswithadequatedrainage,semi- of partiallywiltedleaves, commonly cultivated andwild, depressant, lemongrassoilisobtainedbysteamdistillation mothers, headaches,oilactsasacentralnervous system muscular achesandpains,insuf a carminative andinsect repellent,usedagainst coughing, creams, reportedtohave antimicrobialactivity, considered preparation ofahighlyspicedsherbet,scentforsoapsand and amaskingfragrance,usedinherbalteasthe Andropogon cambogiensis Bor) 5:243.1900, 1906:322,357.1906[also Andropogon citriodorum Catalogue ofthe African PlantsCollected byDr. F. subsp. Neesex Steud.; (Nees)Stapf; Allgemeine Gartenzeitung Dansk Botanisk Arkiv (DC.)Stapf( Species Plantarum ceriferus fl Monographiae Phanerogamarum (Balansa)E.G.Camus& A. Camus orescence, rachisnodesandpedicelscil- (DC.ex Nees)Stapf; ] and Bulletin ofMiscellaneousInformation DC.; 2(1):155.1899and Cymbopogon nardus Andropogon schoenanthus (Hack.)Hack.; Flore Générale del’Indo-Chine Tableau del’ÉcoleBotanique 1:395.1854, Balansa; Andropogon ceriferus fl Andropogon citratus orets, pairedanddissimilar Journal deBotanique, rédigé fi 4:114.1890[ hort.ex Desf.; cient milkinbreastfeeding Kew Bulletin 23:158.1965. 2:1046.1753, fl 3:267.1835, oret hermaphroditeand fl Cymbopogon siamen- attened andmoreor Flora Brasiliensis 78.Montpellier, Andropogon rox- Handb. Fl.Cey- fl subvar. at, lower Cymbopogon ], fl Andropogon ower orset Journal de Handb. Fl. Catalogus fl L.; DC.ex avouring Synopsis Hack.; 6:605. citratus Cym- fl oret 7: in Paci tii, eti,isoko in Yoruba: koriko oba,koriko oyinbo, kooko oba,oko oba, gras, pei-poto,popana,pu-lumbe,pudumbi,pulumbi,ti in SierraLeone:anwoapotho, bichineyo, bichinyeyo, lemon tsauri oba, koriko oba,koriko oyinbo, myoyaka makara,oko oba, in Nigeria:acharaehi,akwukwo, eti,ikon eti,isoko, kooko in Morocco:sitronil in Guinea-Bissau:belgata in Guinea:ideltegag, walel waregag in Gambia:kanyang yallo in Cameroon:bealibeti,bejababeyebe ti,hundè,ti in Benin:tiwouroussou, oussofoussouhou in Angola: belgata, chádegabão, chádepríncipes,matitiiti fausse citronelle in French:citronnelle,herbecitron,verveine desIndes, ronella, citronellagrass,mulchgrass grass, West Indianlemongrass, West Indianlemon,cit- melissa grass,roshasweetrush,gingerfever in English:camelgrass,lemontrue 246. 2000. thakrathruna, tikari,vaasana gaddi, vaasana pullu,vasanap- sugandhichaha, takratani,takratrani,thakkaathana, pulla-enna, shambharapull, shringarocha, sugandha, Nimar), sabalen-si,samalambi, sambaarahullu,sambhara- chae-kashmiri, rohisha,rusa, rusakatel(grassoilof poothigandha, purhali hullu,purvali-hullu-yanne, roghane- patichachaha, pengrima-tel,penguin,poonsvavighraha, hullu, nimma-gaddi-nune, nimmagaddi, olancha,olecha, majjige hullu,malathrinaka,mikkotiu, mirchiagand, nimbe ney, khawi, kutimbaka,lilicha,lilicha,lilli-chaya-tel, karenduka, karpoorapullu,karpoorpul,karpura-pullu-yen- hazar-masaleh-ka-aatar, hiruacha, hirvacha, jambukapriya, gochhalaka, guchhala,guhyabeeja, gundardha,hareechaha, gandhathrina, gandhatrina, gavathichahaa, gavatichaha, gandha bela,gandha-bena, gandhabena, gandhatrana, nune, chippagaddi, choakappullu,devajagdhaka-tailam, chaathappu, chaayapuu,chayapul,chhathra,chippa-gaddi- strina, bhuthina,bohr, chaahullu,chaeKashmiri, badhiradhvanibodhana, bhoostrhina,bhoothika,bhor, bhu- agya-ghans-tail, akya-ghas-ka-aitr, athigandha, badhira, in India:abichhathraka,agiaghas,aginaginghas, in China:iangmao,hsiangmaots’ao in Cambodia:sacrey, slekkrey sabou in Burma(Myanmar):sabalin tique del’Université deGenève toire deBotaniqueetl’InstitutSystéma- of Burma Ceylon fi 6:335.1931, c: moengalo …126.1960, Grasses ofCeylon Boissiera. Mémoires duConserva- 9:174.1960, 193.1956, Taxon Grasses 49(2): 543 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC ex Wight; C. coloratus ronelle, herbelemon,citronelle in West Indies:fever grass,lemonsitwonel, cit- in Venezuela:malojillo piriprí, yerbajuiza,luisa,luiza louisa, hierbaluisa,limoncillo,limonera,pajacedrón, in South America: ajéj,arak,cedrón,hierbabuena, hierba in PuertoRico:cañalimonaria in Nicaragua:sagádi,sagádiabiruau,ti zacate limón,zacatlatlaunqui in Mexico: lmootoom, ocozacatl,pastolimón,tè zacate limón in Guatemala:llmonch’iim,lmunchchim,tèdelimón, in Ecuador:hierbadelimón,luisa,limoncillo in CostaRica:tokri,togli in Colombia:limoncillo zacate delimón in Central America: limonera,tedelimón,zacate in theCaribbean:citronnelle,sitwonnèl patchuli, patchuli-falso, vervena, yerbaLuisa capim-marinho, capimsanto,erva cidreira,grama-cidreira, capim-cidrilho, capim-ciri,capim-de-cheiro,capimlimão, in Brazil:capim-catinga, capim-cheiroso,capim-cidreira, patchuli, waihi hanaki in Brazil(Amazonas):makiyumahanaki,xik, in Portuguese:citronela in Spanish:pastolimón,zacatelimón in Vietnam: huongmao,lasa,s[ar]chanh,sayya khrai khai, khahom,khaakhrai,loekroei,soetta in Thailand: chakhrai,howo tapo,howo tapo,huasing in SriLanka:sera,serai in SouthLaos:(peopleNyaHön)bum sray salai, salay, tanglad in thePhilippines:balioko, baroni,belioko, pajademeca, in Malaysia:serai,seraidapur, sereh in Laos:‘sikhai,‘singkhai in Indonesia:bubu, seraidapur, sereh nup pulla apull, vasane-hullu-yanne, vashanap-pullu-yenney, vasha- pulla-enna, vasanappillu, vasanappulla, vasanapulla, vasan- 544 Andropogon nardus Phanerogamarum atable grass,usedforperfuming soaps,see Asia, Southeast Asia, India.Perennial,aggressive, nonpal- Information Kew 7(21): 206.1897[1896]and Andropogon nardus (Hook.f)Stapf( 1906:321.1906. 6:604.1889, var. var. coloratus Andropogon coloratus subsp. Bulletin ofMiscellaneous The Flora ofBritishIndia Hook.f) glomeratus Monographiae Hack.; Nees pointed, leaves basal,in South Africa. Perennial, forminglarge clumps, tufted,ligule Stapf; C. dieterlenii Andropogoneae]. 4. Taxonomic and nomenclaturalstudiesin Australian trobaileya Australia, Northern Territory. Rarespecies,see C. dependens saku-saku, saku in Angola: evulu, kaxinde,kiangu,musoso,onkotankota, 49(2): 246.2000. mental, in Tropical Africa. Annual orperennial,tufted,aromatic,orna- stypticus bopogon schoenanthus 1099. 1901, 154. 1899and can PlantsCollectedbyDr. F. Welwitsch in1853-61 itats, alongroadsides,grassland,see pogon schoenanthus 1046. 1753, iae Phanerogamarum Boletim daSociedadeBroteriana Welw.; 1815, glabrous orhairy, leaves densely tufted,erect,sweetlyscented,basalleafsheaths Tropical Africa, Asia, India.Perennial,variable, tuftedto cosus Steud.; C. commutatus manu malapillu,sengana pillu in India:bodagaddi, manakrupillu,manjen pullu, senga in English:bodagrass racemes, spikelets sessileand C. densi in Arabic: sakhbar, idhkhir, khasab,hamra in Somalia:hadaf Information Kew ical Africa Plantarum Glumacearum sides, grassyplains,limestone,hillsides,wadi, see degraded areas,deciduousbushland, opensandstonehill- medium palatability, grazed,usedforroo rounded keels, awn ofupperlemmageniculate,low to raceme swollen, lower glumeofsessilespikelet with to narrowly lanceolate,lowermost pedicelofthesessile racemes ciliate,sessileandpedicelledspikelets lanceolate Steud.; anthus var. var. densi (Schweinf.)Stapf) subsp. Cymbopogon dieterlenii Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Andropogon schoenanthus Cymbopogon divaricatus Cymbopogon schoenanthus (Welw.) Fritsch) fl fl 3(1):79-99.1989[Studiesin Australian grasses: fl orus 9:276,278.1919, orescences usedinrituals,growing inopenhab- orus Plantarum MinusCognitarum Pugillus Flora of TropicalFlora Africa

B.K.Simon densi Stapf ex Schweick.( Bulletin del’HerbierBoissier, sér. 2,

(Steud.)Hack.; (Steud.) Stapf( 1907:211.1907. (Steud.) Stapf( fl var. var. orus 6:609.1889, fl var. typicusRendle; fl orescence paniculatewithspatheate Hack.; densi at or 1:387.1854and fi fl pedicellate, sessilespik Stapfex E.Phillips) orus liform, in Andropogon schoenanthus Bulletin ofMiscellaneous 3:139.1885, Stapf; Andropogon commutatus Andropogon densi L.; Cymbopogon Sprengel Andropogon dieterlenii Andropogon stypticus (L.)Spreng.; (Hack.)Rendle; Catalogue ofthe Afri- Species Plantarum 9:289.1919, Andropogon schoen- Cymbopogon fl orescence linear, 1:386.1854, fi Flora of Trop- ng, foundin Cymbopogon Monograph- Synopsis Cymbo- 1(11): 2:15. Taxon fl 2(1): Cym- Aus- elets orus fl oc- 2: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC C. distans in South Africa: lebate,lebata,lebatjana 1936]. papery, shortthickrhizome,leaves sheathing,in base oftheleafblade,sheathclaspingculm,ligule acuminate taperingatbothends,tomentosepatchesthe glabrous, nodessometimesshort-bearded,leafbladelinear- vigorous, tufted,aromatic,terete,erect,solid,smoothand Indomalesia, Asia tropical,India.Perennial,rathervariable, aromatic andsweetsmelling,smooth,glabrous, Asia, India,JammuandKashmirState.Perennial,simple, Hack.; tion Kew Museum boulders, openareas,see after thedeath,foundinmountainslopesandveld, among South Africa traditionalhealersuseittoremove badluck with wingedlower glume,palatableonlywhenyoung,in Cymbopogon Sprengel Steud.; a long old leafsheaths roots, basalsheathsvery short,ligulemembranousscarious, male orsterile,lower drooping branches,spikelets paired, pedicelledspikelet tending apairofracemes,large andloosepaniclewithmany paniculate withcrowded pairedracemes,aspatheolesub- upper racemes, lower Gaz. N.W. Prov. India itats, see erosion control,subtropicalortropicalsavannah, dryhab- emy ofSciences or plantdivision, essentialoils, vated asagarden plant, rainfedcrop,propagation isbyroot times naturalized,waterlogging nottolerated,oftenculti- stamens, plumosestigmas,commonly cultivated andsome- gamarum C. 1921. Botanique Appliquée &d’Agriculture Coloniale 1810 and Australia. See Cymbopogon procerus C. exaltatus in India:sunnighas travancorensis pogon fl Cymbopogon considered acarminative andinsectrepellent,oil has teas, widelyusedasafragrance inperfumesandcosmetics, Andropogon nardus ampli exuosus fl exuosus fl fl fi fl orus Cymbopogon distans Andropogon nardus exuosus liform tip,leaves mostlybasal,paniclewithpaired oret hermaphrodite,paleaabsent,2lodicules,3 16:336.1919, 1936(5):325.1936[or (Neesex Steud.)Stapf, nom.illeg., non Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum 6:608.1889and (Nees)J.F. Watson ( Bibliotheca Botanica Steud.; (R.Br.) Domin( (Neesex Steudel)J.F. Watson ( fl Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae Bor) exuosus (Neesex Steud.)J.F. Watson; fi 71:97.1970, fl brous, leafbladesroundedatthebasewith oret empty, upper var. var. Andropogon 392.1882, (R.Br.) Domin) fl (Steud.)J.F. Watson; Bulletin ofMiscellaneousInforma- oret reducedtoanemptylemma, fl exuosus Proceedings oftheIndian Acad- var. var. (Neesex Steud.)J.F. Watson) Annals oftheSouth African Andropogon exaltatus Andropogon distans Reinwardtia 85:273.1915, fl fl distans (Neesex Steud.)Hack.; Kew Bulletin Monographiae Phanero- avouring, usedinherbal exuosus fl oret hermaphrodite, (Neesex Steud.) Neesex Steud.; 9:356.1977. 1:387.1854, Cymbopogon Cymbopogon Andropogon 1936:325. fl orescence Revue de 1:290. Neesex Cymbo- 1:202. R.Br.; fi brous smelling, pepper times stilt-rooted,ligulescarious, aromatictostrongly tufted tolooselytufted,rhizomatous, erect,thick,some- Tropical Africa. Perennial,herbaceous,pithy stems,robust, Chiov.) elliptic, lower glumemembranous andwinged,upper rescence cylindrical, false panicle linear, sessilespikelet drainage, fertilesandyloams, tion, muscularpain,grows wellinsandysoilswithadequate antifungal activity, usefulforacneandexcessive perspira- macearum slopes, ridges,forest,see C. in Vietnam: cosa,s[ar]d[ij]u in India:anthibalehullu,kodi pullu,kodipullu, shuntihullu vena erva cidreira,grama-cidreira,patchuli,patchuli-falso, ver- capim limãodaÍndiaoriental,capim-marinho,santo, capim-cidrilho, capim-ciri,capim-de-cheiro,capimlimão, in Brazil:capim-catinga, capim-cheiroso,capim-cidreira, in Spanish:pastodeMalabar in French:herbedeMalabar, verveine desIndes grass, gingerlemongrass grass, Cochinlemongrass,EastIndianlemon in English:Malabaroil,grass,lemon- and Genetics Journal ofBotany 1882, 51: 903.1954, 321. 1906, Bulletin ofMiscellaneousInformationKew Andropogon giganteus Hochst., nom.illeg., non Naturelle 208. 1897[1896]and natus macearum India. A goodfoddergrass,see gidarba C. giganteus in India:bennehanchihullu 1: 48.1924. gidarba Steud.; Ham. ex Hook.f.; of BritishIndia India, UttarPradesh,Singapore. Rarespecies,see microstachys C. gidarba Natural HistorySociety microstachys fl var. var. exuosus Monographiae Phanerogamarum (Buch.-Ham.ex Steud.) Haines) (Buch.-Ham.ex Steud.) A. Camus; Andropogon gidarba 26:562.1920, 1:388.1854, 1:387.1854, (Ham.ex Hook.f.)Haines ( Journal oftheBombayNatural HistorySociety benearmatus Hook.f.) 34(2):161-168.1999. (Hochst.)Chiov. ( (Hook.f.)Bor( (Neesex Steudel) J.F. Watson var. 7:207.1896and Genetica fl 16:109-110.1987, avour, leaves moreorlesscordate,in Andropogon gidarba (Chiov.) Eyles; 52:162.1954. Chiov.; 72:211-215.1987, Bulletin duMuséumd’Histoire The Flora ofBritishIndia The BotanyofBiharandOrissa Gaz. N.W. Prov. India Andropogon giganteus Buch.-Ham.; Synopsis PlantarumGlu- Andropogon nardus Synopsis PlantarumGlu- fi Cymbopogon giganteus Andropogon giganteus elds, alongroadsides, Journal oftheBombay Andropogon gidarba Journal ofCytology 6:603.1889and Cymbopogon con- Buch.-Ham.ex 1906(8):319- Cymbopogon Cymbopogon Bangladesh The Flora 10:392. 7(21): Ten.; var. 545 fl o- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC in the lemma awned, pedicelledspikelet lanceolate,essentialoils 546 1835-1836[-1838], silty soils,fallows, savannah, see lands, openhabitats,deciduoussavannah bushland, forest, old, thatchingmaterial,fencing,occursinwooded grass- browsed whenyoung,low nutritive value, unpalatablewhen in Ivory Coast:awendè, boborasien, in Guinea:ediediyita,endediyita,endiediyita,osamban in Ghana:gbetenga, mopelemogo,ngkabe in Gambia:benefalu, kalakasala,wa, wa serrela in Benin:meunououse,yakimooribou in Arabic: nal,seko in French:citronnelledebrousse grass in English:tsaurigrass,scentedreed,wolf’s grass,scented 1916, Transactions oftheRoyalSocietySouth Africa essenze venda (1871-1941), C. goeringii in Yoruba: okaeye nata moza,surugubi,tièkala gajaalo, kasseburu, kuèrè,kurukuru,mofogo,natamora, in Upper Volta: boborasien,fasuure, fbopborasienasuure, tiékala, tiékalabilé,trékala,wa, wa kasala,wakasala mbol, mbonfala, mbönfala, nak,ñak,nipéré,sabré,tékala, gosofaryé, holl,inak,kala,kékala,kiékala,konorè, mbal, èbuk, ebukay, èbukay, éputa,gadé, gadié, gagèli, gapélé, beignefala, benfala, benfalo, bengfala, dagé,dagué,ebuk, in Senegal: ara,begnfala, bègnfala, bègnfalo, beignfala, wajaalo, wajande oka eye, riyak,seko, sukkahoreho,tsabre,tsagre,tsaure, in Nigeria:gamba, kyara, mobefa, nal,nugbwanu bmagna, gadjiali, gajaali, gosofaryé, sabré,wadjialo in Niger:abanazar, abanozar, ahanbarom,ahanibaerum, in Mali:dagè,gagèli, kièkala,kogniorè, tièkala,tièkalabilè nuyapien, surugubi,wozomo Cymbopogon tortilis Steud.; tia 1925, de Botanique Appliquée &d’Agriculture Coloniale Phanerogamarum See Southeast Asia. Goering, 1809-1876,botanicalcollectorinJapan) (named fortheGermanchemistPhilipFriedrich Wilhelm Appliquée &d’Agriculture Coloniale 9(3):346.1977. Symbolae Sinicae Kew Bulletin edaquelledellaColoniaEritrea.Roma1909, Andropogon nardus fl orescences, vigorous,usedforsoilerosion, (Steud.) A. Camus( 6:607.1889and 19:454.1965. Flora var. var. Flora Intorno adalcunegraminacee da 7(5):1314-1315.1936, 27:242.1844andEmilioChio- goeringii 24:22.1846, var. var. goeringii Flora Napolitana (Steud.)Hand.-Mazz.) Andropogon goeringii 1:286.1921, Revue deBotanique fi me, (Steud.)Hack.; Monographiae fi mu, nukian, Reinward- 5:296. 5:285. 5:206. Revue fl entire racemeandapartialin ferent dispersalunits:apairedspikelet, apartialraceme,an glume ofthesessilespikelet withsharpkeels, with4dif- ermost pedicelofthesessilespikelet notswollen, lower spicuously hairytodenselyvillous,racemesunequal,low- plants.” (1746-1794), “Botanicalobservations onselectIndian semiarid lands,aridstony plains,seeSir William Jones boiled inwineasadiuretic,occursonsanddune,aridand ditional medicine,usedtopurifybloodandincoughs, water inaridlands,medicinalgrassused Ayurvedic tra- against soilerosion,usefulspeciesforconserving soiland pogon himalayensis 458. 1824, Cymbopogon iwarancusa ( C. sunila vele hullu,san,sandula, sevya, shighra,solara,sunala, laya, nalada,panni,pivalavala, pilovalo, puralehullu,pur- hullu, khavi, khawi, khoi,laghu,lamajjaka,lamjak,lavaja, khus, karankusa,karankusha,karankussa,karilaavancha rankussa, ishthakapathika,izkhir, izkir, jalashaya,jara deerghamoola, ghatyari,ghatzari,ibharankusha,ibha- in India:amrinala,avadahaka, avadataka, bur, in English:Iwarancusa grass,oilgrass 421. 1899. C. jwarancusa jwarancusa narko ( Cymbopogon ladakhensis emy ofSciences in densely tufted,very aromatic,leafsheathsmoreorless Africa, Asia, UttarPradesh,India,Pakistan. Perennial, from theSanskritword jwarancusa see India. Aromatic, variable, denseandnarrow in sianus khasianus khasianus C. khasianus Edinburgh 1897 [1896]and and Sindh Boiss.; sianus novarum densely tufted,see Asia temperateandtropical,Nepal,India,Iraq.Perennial, ieri Andropogon at withalong fl

jwarancusa ated below, ligulemembranousandciliolate,leafblades (Boiss.)Bor) The Fodder Grasses ofNorthernIndia Hack.)(KhasiHills,India, Assam) Munroex Hackel; Andropogon arriani Cymbopogon arriani Asiatic Researches 5:76.1844, Munroex Hack.; Munroex Duthie; 174.1869, 25(1):62.1963, Bulletin delaSociétéBotaniqueFrance subsp. Schultes)(theword

(Munroex Hackel) Stapfex Bor( himalayensis

(Jones) Schult.subsp. 71:10.1970, ﬁ (Jones) Schult.(alsospelled liform tip,longandnarrow paniclescon- Notes from the RoyalBotanicGarden, Steud.; laniger The Flora ofBritishIndia Catalogue ofthePlantsPunjab Diagnoses plantarumorientalium Kusha B.K.Gupta; (Jones)Schult.; Edgew. ex Hook.f.; Gand.,nom.illeg., non 4:237-312.1795, Proceedings oftheIndian Acad- Hook.f.; Andropogon jwarancusa Andropogon nardus Andropogon nardus (Edgew. ex Hook.f.) Aitch.; Reinwardtia ﬂ forgrass) Andropogon nardus orescence, effective barrier Cusa Cymbopogon Sprengel

olivieri Andropogon olivieri isperhapsderived Cymbopogon oliv- 9(3):307.1977.

Cymbopogon (Boiss.) Soe- iwarancusa Andropogon Andropogon Mantissa ﬂ 7(21):203. 88.1888, var. var. orescence, var. var. subsp. Andro- Jones; kha- kha- 46: 2: ) Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC drical contractedpanicle,boat-shapedbract,lower cordate base,stoutwoody rhizome,in ligule membranous,leafbladeoblong-lanceolatewitha nodes oftenswollen, knottybasecovered withdrysheaths, ingly branched,smooth,glabrous,longslenderstems,lower densely tufted,tussocky orformingclumps,simplespar- India, Asia tropical.Perennial,leafy, vigorous,terete, son) (dedicatedtoaGeneralMartin,collector) bopogon martinii (Trin.) W. Watson; (Roxb.) Schult.; anthus anthus Roxb.; places, see lower glumeofsessilespikelets winged,foundinrocky South Africa. Perennial,denselytufted,racemes hairy, marginatus C. martinii umqungu (Xhosa) rooigras, tamboekiegras, vrouehaargras; lebatha (Sotho); wortelterpentyngras, terpentyngras,muskusgras,platgras, draadgras, kuskusgras,lemoegras, motwortel, mot- in Southern Africa: akkerwani, buffelsrooigras, koper- pentine grass,Capeturpentinetambootiegrass in English:dobograss,khuskus,lemonscentedtur- vaal Museum Rao, Academy ofSciences India. Threatened species, see C. ladakhensis bay Natural HistorySociety C. marginatus Howrah, BotanicalSurvey ofIndia1983. ings oftheseminarheldatDehraDun,14-17Sept,1981. Forest Records: Botany Monographiae Phanerogamarum Cymbopogon Sprengel reduced toanemptylemma,upper stigmas, pedicellatespikelet malewith lower glumechannelled,paleaabsent,3stamens,plumose cattle, usedto scale, usuallyunpalatabletolivestock, sometimeseatenby cardiovascular system,restoresintestinal dermatitis andskininfections, supportive tothenerves and helps inskinandlymphaticproblems, avaluable aidagainst bactericide, antimicrobial,antifungal, usedforinfections, cosmetic manufacturers, stomachic andtonic,antiseptic as aremedyforrheumatism,very popularwithsoapand aromatic essentialoilhasstimulatingpropertiesandisused substitute foroilofroseandgeranium,sweet-scented cut whole and aidsdigestion,palmarosa oilisobtainedfromfreshly geranium androse,boththe herb andtheessentialoilare An Assessment of Threatened PlantsofIndia. var. var. var. var. Andropogon pachnodes ﬂ Flora Steud.) owering plant,possessingan odour resembling martinii (Roxb.) J.F. Watson ( martinii 3:121.1912. (Steud.)Stapfex BurttDavy (

fl B.K. Gupta avour tobaccoandinperfumeryasa Cymbopogon martinii 12(2):472.1829and var. var. Gymnanthelia martinii (Roxb.) Benth.; Hook.f.; 71:10.1970andS.K.Jain&R.R. so 1(3):92.1938, fi a Bruno; 52:169.1954. Trin.; Proceedings oftheIndian Cymbopogon martinianus 6:603.1889and Cymbopogon pachnodes Andropogon martini fl Andropogon schoen- Andropogon schoen- Annals ofthe Trans- var. var. oret hermaphrodite, fl Journal oftheBom- fl orescence acylin- orets reducedtoa (Roxb.) Anders- fl martinii ora, stimulates Andropogon Proceed- ; Indian Cym- fl oret 129. 1960, Giardino Coloniale N.W. Prov. Ind. 1990, grass), rusha,so rousa-ka-tel, rusa(=thefragrantoilobtainedfrom roshegavat, roshsagavath, rousa-ka-aatar, rousa-ka-aitr, rohisa, rohish,rohisha,rohishathruna,roinsa,rosa,rosha, panni, raos,rauns,rausagas, rhaunsa,rhausa,rhussugandhi, athrina, moongilpul,motia,motiya,mulatrina,nanjhullu, merchya, mircha,mirchia,mirchiagandh, mirchua,mool- pullu, kunthihullu,kurankusha,maaravali hullu,makora, kannam pullu,kavatham pillu,kavathum pillu,kavattan gedde, kanchikaddi,kamachikassuvu,kamakshapullu, rankusha, iwarankusha, kaachihullu,kaashihullu,kanchi gandhabena, ghandhabenaa,gandi, gundha-bena,ibha- chipara, cooraipul,dangrhauns,dhyamakah, gandh bel, bhustrina, bilidoddakaashihullu,boosthram,bujina, in India:anchehullu,anchitbabra,bhoosthrina,bhor, grass, palmarosaoil,motia,so grass, rusaoil,russapalmarosa,palmarosa nium oil,geraniumgrass,roshaoilroosa in English:ginger-grass, geraniumoil,EastIndiangera- 783. 1994. in China Bretschneider, Barbados, in1840aFellow oftheLinneanSociety;seeE. agrostologist, 1834-1838India,1847Kashmir, 1870-1875 1818-1880 (Somerset),Britishbotanist,plantcollector, bopogon tibeticus Cymbopogon hookeri Nees ex Hack.; stan andKashmir Annotated Catalogue ofthe Vascular Plantsof West Paki- of BotanyinIndia Oxford 1964;IsaacHenryBurkill, the DepartmentofBotanyin the University ofOxford Bor; theca L. Liou; C. munroi Flora ofBritishIndia India. Densein C. microtheca in Vietnam: s[ar]hoah[oof]ng Local names:rosha,rusha,palmarosa,palmarosa varukaraiaal pul 1: 280-281.1820, A Catalogue … tions, fertilewell-drainedsoils,see acid soilsorwaterlogging, preferswarm andsunny condi- tivated andwild,usefulforerosioncontrol,doesnottolerate used widelyintraditionalIndian Ayurvedic medicine,cul- Andropogon munroi Hook.f.) Annals oftheMissouriBotanicalGarden . 1981;H.N.Clokie, Andropogon hookeri (C.B.Clarke) Noltie( Journal ofCytology andGenetics (Hook.f.) A. Camus( History ofEuropean BotanicalDiscoveries fl 392.1882and 7. 1814, Cymbopogon hookeri orescences, leaves notaromatic,see . Karachi1972;I.C.Hedgeand J.M.Lam- fi . Delhi1965;RalphRandles Stewart, Bor)(namedforSir William Munro, a, so 10:66.1929, Systema Vegetabilium (Munroex Hack.)Stapfex Bor; 7:208.1896. fi C.B.Clarke; Flora Indica;orDescriptions… ya, tikadi-moti,thikari,tikhari, (Munroex Hackel) Stapfex fi Account oftheHerbaria a, grassofNemaur Boll. Stud.Inform.Reale Grasses ofBurma Andropogon gyirongensis Chapters ontheHistory Hortus Bengalensis,or Munroex Hackel; Andropogon micro- Andropogon tristis 459.1824, 25:322-323. 81(4):775- …125, . 216. Cym- Gaz. 547 The An Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Ceylon Dr. F. Welwitsch in1853-61 7: 206.1896, Plantarum hills, grassland,deciduousbushland, poorsoils,see mulching material,growing onroadsidesandwaste ground, 37. 1889and 1889, paired, see Asia, China.Nonaromatic,laxin Edinburgh 1970) ond, 548 Monographiae Phanerogamarum macearum Andropogon conferti C. nardus Journal ofBotany Kew Bulletin Technology 452. Dec2004, mation Kew 450. 1972, July 2003, Entomologia Experimentaliset Applicata 143. 1990, 21-34. 1986, … 130,132.1960, 905. 1953, 1931, smooth, in a numberofyears,leaves glaucousandnarrow, leafsheaths tufted, tall,robust anderect,clumpforming,persistentfor Tropical Asia, SriLanka, SouthIndia.Perennial,harsh, (Greek dus Cymbopogon thwaitesii Cymbopogon thwaitesii Stapf; afronardus Hochst.; nardus Andropogon nardus or awned, racemesat ciliate andspatheselliptic,spikelets occurinpairs,unawned with thespikelets arrangedin2terminalracemes,rachis spikelet lower glumeofsessilespikelet resistant to ornamental, cultivated, invasive andvery competitive, very rary reliefofsymptomscoldand sensitive skin,usefulin perspirationandoilyskin,tempo- source ofinsectrepellentanddisinfectants,mayirritate ing, essentialoillemon-scented, growth, unpalatabletocattle,generallyisavoided ingraz- (Stapf)BurttDavy; Index ofCollectors intheEdinburgh Herbarium Journal oftheLinneanSociety, Botany Journal oftheBombayNatural HistorySociety Cymbopogon nardus 5:242-243.1900, var. var. nardos fl Andropogon thwaitesii at orconcave onthebackwithwingedkeels, fl (L.)Rendle( Medical and Veterinary Entomology Grasses ofCeylon 1:385,388.1854, 2:1046.1753, Stapf; Flora Xizangica Monographiae Phanerogamarum orescence compactandnarrow linear, apanicle 40(1): 97-103,Jan2005. 1906:355.1906, Restoration Ecology 8(2):275-276.1953, fi luridus Catalogue ofthe African PlantsCollectedby Journal ofCytology andGenetics re, feedingvalue low, browsed theyoung Indian Forest Records: Botany “spikenard”) International Journal ofFood Scienceand 56(3):400.2000. Cymbopogon conferti subsp. Journal ofCytology andGenetics fl Hook.f.; orus fi (Hook.f.) Willis; rst erectandthende (Hook.f.)Bor, nom.illeg., non Andropogon ampli Steud.; Bulletin ofMiscellaneousInfor- Sorghum nardus var. var. 2(1):155.1899and nilagiricus 5:329-331.1987, 193.1956, fl Synopsis PlantarumGlu- Handb. Fl.Ceylon conferti at andmoreorlesswinged, Andropogon nilagiricus 5(1):36-43.Mar1997, 6:604.1889, fl Hook.f.; Kew Bulletin avouring, usedastea,a Andropogon nardus Flora fl fl u, goodthatchingand orescence, racemes Hack.; fl Cymbopogon vali- orus Grasses ofBurma 39:86.1856, 108(1):43-51. fl (L.)Kuntze) orus fl fl Cymbopogon (Steud.)Bor; 6:439,614. 1:92.1939, 25:87-88,t. orus exed, sessile Andropogon 18(4):449- 27(3):447- Fl. Br. Ind. Handb. Fl. Edinburgh 25:140- (Steud.) 6:335. Steud.; Species 21: 51: L.; . C. nervatus in Vietnam: lasa 172. 1954. 1906, Bulletin ofMiscellaneousInformationKew 604. 1889, Flora cusa Hochst.; pogon nardus Southeast Asia, India.Jamrosaoilfromthehybrid Cymbopogon thwaitesii Cymbopogon thwaitesii in Paci in Vietnam: lasa ma khut,takhraikhuut,daeng,hom in Thailand: chakhaimakhut,khuut,takhrai in SriLanka:lenabatu,mana,hinpengiri,lenabatupengiri ushadhan, vasanepillu ou-mia-si, sugandhi gavah, sunnaripullu,usadhana, mandapullu, ooshadhana,shunnarip-pullu-yenney, sinng- yenney, khavai, kommu, maana,mandap-pullu-yenney, kamanchi-gaddi-nune, kamkshi-kasuvu,kavattam-pullu- kamakshi-pullu-yenney, kamakshikasuvu,kamakshipillu, kamakshi-pillu, kamakshi-pulla,kamakshi-pulla-enna, kamakher, kamakshi-kasuvu, kamakshi-kasuvu-nune, vattampullu, kama-kher-tail, kamachipillu,kamachipillu, kaamaakshikasuvu, kaamaakshipull,kaamanchigaddi, kaa- ghas, guchcha,guchha,kaamaachipillu,kaamaakshihullu, ganjni-ka-aatar, ganjini-ka-aitr, ganjni-ka-aitr, ganjni-ka- gandha hanchikaddihullu,gandhabael, ganjini, ganjni, bel, ganda-hanchi-khaddi, ganda-hanchi-khaddi-yanne, chora-pulla-enna, chorapulla,citronellaaennehullu,gand in India:allapukommu vellavanti gadda, allupu,bhotri, in Japan:kôsui-gaya (=perfumegrass) in Cambodia:sacrey limón in Mexico: tèlimón,xuxutsakat,zacatecitronela, in Spanish:zacatelimón in French:citronelle,citronnelledeCeylan grass, false citronella,new citronellagrass ronella, citronellagrass,oilblue in English:Managrass,nardcitronella,Ceylon cit- C. in Senegal: beignefala, tiberimt,tiékalaba,tsaura in Nigeria:tsaure Stapf; thwaitesii Hook.f.; subsp. Bor (

nardus , see Andropogon conferti 39:85-86.1856, Journal oftheBombayNatural HistorySociety Cymbopogon nardus ﬁ nilagiricus c: kamapui Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Andropogon nilagiricus Hook.f.; ( Andropogon schoenanthus L.) Rendlevar. The Flora ofBritishIndia (Hochst.)Chiov. ( var. var. Hack.; Cymbopogon conferti conferti Monographiae Phanerogamarum (Hook.f.) Willis) (Hook.f.)Bor, nom.illeg., non ﬂ Andropogon nardus

orus var. var. conferti fl orus Steud.; conferti x Cymbopogon Sprengel Hochst.; Andropogon nervatus fl Cymbopogon jwaran- orus Andropogon nardus fl 7:206.1896and subsp. orus

(Steud.) Stapfex fl 1:385.1854, orus (Steud.)Bor; 1906:318. Andropogon var. var. (Steud.) nervatus Cymbo- luridus 52: 6: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC (Hochst.) Hack.; Cymbopogon Sprengel handsome, ornamentalwhenin generally ignoredwhenmatureduetothelemonscent, not usuallygrazed,maybeeatenwhenyoung,theplantis lets reddishandsilky, sessilespikelets awned, very hardy, racemes pairedanddenselyvillous,sheathingbract,spike- silky andpersistent,shortly branchedandcompactpanicle, yellow roots,smoothandaromaticbluegreenleaves, sheath tall andleafy, forming erecttussocks,compactbasewith tralia, Queensland,New South Wales. Perennial,slender, Western Australia, Northern Territory, Victoria, South Aus- cealed, protected”) Black, non(R.Br.) Domin)(Latin C. obtectus in Sudan:naal Eritrea. Roma1909. ad alcunegraminacee daessenze Monographiae Phanerogamarum 27: 243.1844, and cultivated habitats,savannah, semideserts,see used forthatchinghutsandhouses,onsandysoils,moist lower glumemembranous,upperlemmaawned, fodder, linear tooblong,racemesinpairs,sessilespikelet elliptic, ligule membranous,leaves withroundedbase,false panicle short-lived perennial,erect,fragrant,glaucous,simple, Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, Ethiopia,Sudan. Annual or weinf.) Chiov.; acutely pointed,in pressed, liguleciliolate,leafbladesroundedatthebaseand cies, tufted,aromatic,slender, glabrous,culmsslightlycom- India, UttarPradesh;Bangladesh.Perennialvulnerablespe- Osmaston, 1868-1961) C. osmastonii in English:silky-heads Queensland Papers: Department ofBiology water courses,redsands,stony soils,see as scatteredplantsonsandyredearths,dryareasornear essential oilmaybesuitableforperfumes,generallyfound Aborigines usedformedicinalpurposes,lemonscented C. parkeri Natural HistorySociety Feddes Repertorium racemes, spikelets awnless, growing indryhabitats,see with a in Perennial grass,erect,caespitose,slender, simplebelow the Qatar, Southeast Asia, India,JammuandKashmir, Africa. trol, foundindryrocky areas,see possess antispasmodicproperties, usefulforerosioncon- theate andnarrow, 1sessileraceme,glumessubequal, plant fl orescence, hairysheaths,leaf bladesfoldedandlinear fi Gymnanthelia nervata liform tip,basalleaves nottwisted,paniclespa- Stapf( S.T. Blake ( R.Parker (namedforBertramBeresford Beitrag zurFlora Aethiopiens … Cymbopogon nervatus Andropogon laniger fl orescence anarrow paniclewithpaired 31:126.1932, 60:709-710.1963. Cymbopogon bombycinus (Hochst.) Asch. ex Sch- 6:611.1889and edaquelledellaColonia Bulletin ofMiscellaneous obtectus Journal oftheBombay fl ower, revegetation, Desf.) var. var. 2(3):55.1944. “hidden,con- University of aerythraeum 306.1867, sensuJ. Intorno Flora the middle,in and smooth,leaffoldedorthread-like, leafbladewidestin ligule prominentandmembrane-like, leafsheathrounded lower portionsofthestemcovered witholdleafsheaths, dense massofleaves onthebasalportionsofplant, nial, tufted,erect,usuallyunbranched, leaves mostlybasal, Eastern Africa, Nepal,Pakistan, Tanzania, Kenya. Peren- (Stapf) Stapfex BurttDavy) nardus plurinodis C. pospischilii 131. 1960. mation Kew Fl. Ceylon Stapf; Monographiae Phanerogamarum Districts oftheNorth-westernProvinces ofIndia Hook.f.; Plantarum Glumacearum grassy hills,see swollen, sessilespikelet oblong-elliptic,fodderforhorses, racemes ciliate,sessileracemewithlowest pedicelnot blades subcordateatbase,erectfalse panicleoblong, Asia, India.Perennial,tufted,knottedwoody rootstock,leaf pogon versicolor Hack.; Steud.) Hack.; Steud.; C. polyneuros in English:bitterturpentinegrass 121. 1912. 1931, sis growing onopengrassland,stony places,see lous, lower glumeofsessilespikelets concave andwingless, South Africa. Perennial,erect,tufted,leaves sometimesvil- Stapf; C. plurinodis in English:Jammulemongrass N.W. Prov. India see zene), astartingmaterialforsystemicantibacterialdrug, to berichinelemicin(53.7%,5-allyl-1,2,3-trimethoxyben- leaves glaucous,anoilobtainedfromthisplantwas found India, JammuandKashmir. Aromatic, lemon-scented, ex Steud.) C. pendulus in India:gundar, khawi, runa,san,solara in Arabic: askhabar, skhabar Indiana Academy ofSciences Information Kew nardus 7:353.1898and Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Andropogonpospischilii Grasses ofCeylon Cymbopogon L.var. L.var. Andropogon schoenanthus Andropogon versicolor Andropogon schoenanthus (Stapf)BurttDavy; 5:241.1900, 1906:345.1906, (Neesex Steudel)J.F. Watson ( (Stapf)BurttDavy ( fl grandis Andropogon schoenanthus

(Steud.)Stapf( orescence afalse paniclelineartooblong, stracheyi Species Plantarum (K. Schum.)C.E.Hubbard( 392.1882. 1929(1):10-11.1929, (Neesex Steud.)J.F. Watson)

pospischilii Annals ofthe Transvaal Museum Hackel; Hook.f.; 192.1956, 1:385,388.1854, Bulletin ofMiscellaneousInfor- 71:96.1970. Andropogon pendulus Neesex Steud.; Handb. Fl.Ceylon K.Schum.; (K.Schum.)C.E.Hubb.) 6:610.1889and Andropogon polyneuros Cymbopogon plurinodis var. var. Andropogonplurinodis 2:1046.1753, var. var. Andropogon plurinodis Grasses ofBurma 1:388.1854, versicolor Proceedings ofthe versicolor L.var. Flora Capen- Cymbopogon Andropogon Andropogon Himalayan 392.1882, versicolor (Neesex Synopsis (Steud.) 6:335. Cymbo- Handb. Nees Gaz. 549 … 3: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC paired racemeseachwithalea 550 Jahrbücher fürSystematik,P lands, degraded areas,hillsides,limestone,see deciduous bushland, bushveld, semiaridand arid range- grazing value, grows indryareas,subdesertgrassland, utilized, moreorlessunpalatable,eatenbybaboons,low lanceolate, strongturpentinesmell,foddergrass,poorly len, lower glumepapery, malepedicelledspikelet narrowly 1 spikelet sessileandawned, lowermost pedicelnotswol- Roberty; Br.) Domin; Kuntze) (thespeci exaltatum illeg., non Andropogon procerus C. procerus in Somalia:beili,baila,beli angelgras, rooiberggras, rooigras gras, breësaadgras,heuninggras,koperdraadgras, rooigras, bitterpol,bitterrooigras,blousaadgras,breëaarrooi- pfeffergras, stinkwildebeesgras, suurgras, pepergras, bitter- bosveldterpentyngras, bitterterpentyngras,schmalblättriges in South Africa: terpentyngras,smalblaarterpentyngras, grass, narrow-leaved turpentinegrass in English:bitterturpentinegrass,bushveld turpentine 4: 175.1949. zengeographie C. prolixus 174, 176.1960. 1921, Botanique Appliquée &d’Agriculture Coloniale Dr. F. Welwitsch in1853-61 791. 1891, C. ramnagarensis in South Africa: Tamboekiegras in South Africa) in English: Tambuki grass(Tambuki or Amathembu, a tribe Flora Capensis land, alongroadsides,rocky places,rocky hillsides,see smell, unknown grazingvalue, foundinsavannah, grass- lower glumeofsessilespikelets winged, grasswithlemon in South Africa. Perennial,tufted,erect,ligulemembranous, Hollandiae increaser species,rocky soils,see cous spikelets, ornamentalandattractive, very hardy, an gray-green, hairyandbranchedpanicles,woolly andglau- robust, formingerectandslendertussocks,aromaticleaves Western Australia, Northern Territory. Perennial,tall,tufted, “high, tall”) prolixus ﬂ orescence paniculate,racemesmoreorlessglabrous, Bibliotheca Botanica Stapf; Cymbopogon procerus (R.Br.) Kuntze; Cymbopogon procerus 1:202.1810,

Catalogue ofthe African PlantsCollectedby (R.Br.) Domin( Cymbopogon nardus (Stapf) E.Phillips( 24(3):328.1897[1898?]and Andropogon prolixus 7:352.1898. fi B.K. Gupta c namefromtheLatin R.Br.; Revisio GenerumPlantarum 2(1):155.1899and 85:273.1915, Andropogon exaltatus Sorghum procerum fl fl anzengeschichte undP Cymbopogon exaltatus ike spathe,spikelets paired, (R.Br.) A. Camus,nom. (R.Br.) Domin; subvar. Prodromus Florae Novae Andropogon nardus (Stapf)Stapf) exaltatus procerus Boissiera. Kew Bulletin Botanische (R.Br.) Revue de Sorghum 1:289. (R.Br.) , R.Br.; a , var. fl (R. um an- 2: 9: , sive, very proli of itstaste,waxy orsoapy secretions,noxiousweed,inva- seeds clingstofurofanimals,avoided bylivestock because spathes oftenreddish,blue-greentoreddishspikelets, the der recurved pungentlytippedpedicelledspikelets, narrow branches andglabrousracemes,racemesegments withslen- matic leaves, very narrowly-linear paniclewithre spitose, formingerectandslendertussocks,rougharo- Perennial bunchgrass, coarse,tough,slenderandstiff, cae- Queensland, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Victoria. (R. Br.) Roberty; Br.) P. Beauv.; C. refractus 86. 1970. tahitensis Novae Hollandiae soils, dryforests,coastaldunes,see Aborigines usedformedicinalpurposes,foundonpoor Beechey’s Voyage stographie Hochst. &Steud.; C. schoenanthus turpentine grass,gingergrass in English:barbwiregrass,barbedwiresoap 1921, Botanique Appliquée &d’Agriculture Coloniale Dr. F. Welwitsch in1853-61 792. 1891, (Desf.) Hook.f.,alsospelled iger schoenanthus (Hochst. ex A. Rich.)Stapf; aromatic tostronglysmelling,leaves compact, desertgrass,erectandslender, denselytufted, Saudi Arabia, Chad,Egypt,Mali,Niger, Algeria. Perennial, Nees) bopogon densi Forester Flora ofBritishIndia India, JammuandKashmir. Indeterminatespecies, see 1954, chartaceous orpapery, upper pedicel ofthesessileracemehardandswollen, glumes narrow paniclescomposedofclusteredracemes,lowermost applied inrheumatismand neuralgia, decoctionofgrass may irritatesensitive skin,leafteatonicandcalmative, oil acne andoilyskin,treatment of tineabytopicalapplication, properties, relieving muscular achesandpains,treatmentof activity andmedicinalvalue, antimicrobialandanalgesic oils extracted bysteamdistillation,signi glume ofsessilespikelet concave andwingless,essential ceolate, pedicelledspikelet narrowly lanceolate,lower slightly twisted,sessilespikelets acuminate tolinear-lan- Desf.; Boissiera. Proceedings oftheIndian Academy ofSciences 80:44.1954, Hook.& Arn.; 128,150.1812, Catalogue ofthe African PlantsCollectedby (R.Br.) A. Camus( Andropogon lanigerum L.; fl fi orus Andropogon refractus c seeder, revegetation, very hardy, forage, 9: 176.1960. 72.1832, (L.)Sprengel( Sorghum refractum 1:202.1810, Cymbopogon circinnatus Andropogon iwarancusa (Steud.)Stapf; 7(21):207.1897[1896]and J. BombayNat.Hist.Soc. Cymbopogon nardus Trachypogon schoenanthus Revisio GenerumPlantarum 2(1):155.1899and jwarancusa Essai d’uneNouvelle Agro- The BotanyofCaptain fl Anatherum refractum oret shortlybi Andropogon circinnatus Cymbopogon Sprengel Cymbopogon proximus fi (R.Br.) Kuntze) Desf.; R.Br.; liform andglaucous, Prodromus Florae ; fi Andropogon lan- cant insecticidal Hochst.; subsp. var. var. Andropogon Andropogon 52:159. Revue de refractus fi 1:279. d, awn laniger Indian fl Cym- exed (L.) 71: (R. The 2: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC grass and plasm forwounds ofcamels,decoctionamixturethis camel fodder, usedforthatching,wildorcultivated, cata- erties andimproves muscleandskintone,forage, acommon febrifuge, anextract fromtheleaves ithasanalgesicprop- Cymbopogon Sprengel Plantarum south Sahara, subdesert plainsandbushlands, aridstony plains,limestone, hills, rocky andstony places,sanddunes, hillsides, itae) usedfordiabetes,grows indegraded areas,aridfoot- capim-de-cheiro, capim-siri, erva cidreira,patchui catinga, capim-cheiroso, capim-cidadreica,capim-cidrilha, in Brazil:capimcidreira, santo,capim-limão,capim- suompigo, wuulorde,wuluunde in Upper Volta: buluuje, buulorde, sompigo,suompiga, in Somalia:werahr in Senegal: nangulé, ñangulé in Sahara(Tassili): tébarémt wajande bwanu bmagna,seko, sukkahoreho,tsabre,tsaure,wajalo, in Nigeria:jimwi,lubgol,lubodi,mahareib,nal,nobe,nug- tsaure oshub, sughu,taeboaremt,têbêremt,toeboerimt,tsabre, dum boré,karsân,lubbo,muny, muymuy, nôbi,noobol, in Niger:babamba,goso,gozow, hurdudumboore,hurdu- Mekkâ, cheveu desable, bâtonnet,tadomst es-sgîr, amouedsrhir, amwad sgir, tibn,tbenMekkâ,halfat emt, tiberrimt,sa’rât et-trâb,chaaret-diel-trab,â’mud in Morocco:îdhir, l-yedhêr, îdjikim,lemmad,l-med,teber- in Mauritania:afar, iverd in Mali:lemmad,taberimt,tiberimt,tiékalani in Ghana:kuankasumpiga, sompigo,suompiga in Benin:moushinnourtou Makkah, nal,seko, sha’ret et-trab Makkah, hashma,idkhir, lemmad,mahareib,mahareb,tibn in Arabic: adkhar, azkhar, afar, halfa bar, halfbarr, halfet in Spanish:pastodecamellos jonc aromatique,odorant cheveu desable,paille delaMecque,alfa delaMecque, in French:herbeàchameau,chiendentpieddepoule, geranium grass grass, hemplike grass,gingergrass, sweetrush,rusagrass, in English:camelgrass,camel’s hay, canalgrass,lemon 1983, of TropicalFlora Africa The Flora ofBritishIndia seu Enumeratio Plantarum 1832, Minus Cognitarum Pugillus 237-312. 1795, Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Taxon Ambrosia maritima 2:987-988,1046.1753, 49(2):246.2000. Acacia Flora Atlantica and 9:289.1919, Commiphora 7(21):203.1897[1896]and 2:15.1815, 341.1829, L.(Asteraceae,alt.Compos- 2:379.1800, Asiatic Researches bushes, see Fl. Libya 1:386-387.1854, Flora Brasiliensis Linnaea Plantarum 107:120. 7:281. Species 4: rédigé parunesociétédebotanistes Thailand. Indeterminatespecies, see Camus) Cymbopogon cambogiensis C. siamensis thatching. young shootsgrazedbystock,low grazingvalue, usedfor Africa, Somalia,India. Aromatic, traditionaldrugplant, shakanarupillu, shyamaka, sirghurai,so sabalen si,sambharapullaenna,saugandhika, saundhiya, obtained fromthegrass),rusaghas,rusha,rushagavath, rousa-ka-tel, rousaghas,runa,rusa(=thefragrantoil gavat, roshisha,roshsagavath, rousa-ka-aatar, rousa-ka-aitr, rina, rohishathruna,roinsa,rosa,rosegavath, rosha,roshe- roghane-chae-kashmiri, rohisa,rohish,rohisha,rohishath- raos, rauns,rausagas, rhaunsa,rhausa,rhussugandhi, paura, pengrimatel,poothimugdala,purvali hulluyanne, musel, nanjhullu,nimmagaddi nune,palakhari,panni, chua, moolathrina,moongilpul,motia,motiya,mulatrina, chya, mircha,mirchia,mirchiagandh, mirchiagand, mir- kurankusha, lillichayatel,maaravali hullu,makora, mer- pullu, khair, khavi, khawi, khurankusha,kunthihullu, ney, kathrana,kavatham pillu,kavathum pillu,kavattan kassuvu, kamakshapullu,kannampullu,karpurapulluyen- hullu, kaashikanchigedde,kaddi,kamachi ka-aatar, ibharankusha,iwarankusha, jaramkush,kaachi- gandhi, gandi, geraniumhullu,gundha-bena,hazarmasaleh- gandel, gander, gandh bel,gandhabena, ghandhabenaa, tailam, dhoopagandhika, dhyama, dhyamaka, dhyamakah, pul, dabsulo,dangrhauns,devajagdha, devajagdhaka- boosthram, bujina, bur, chipara,chippagaddi nune,coorai bhoothika, bhor, bhustrina,bhutika,bilidoddakaashihullu, anchit hullu,azkhir, babhori,babra,bhoosthrina,bhoothi, in India:agyaghanstail,akya-ghas-ka-aitr, anche hullu, in China:maohsiang,paihsiangma,juma C. schoenanthus du Nord: and 464. 1850, used forthatching,see Tropical Africa. Racemesclustered,aromatic,goodforage, proximus (Hochst. ex A. Rich.)Chiov.; imus proximus mus proximus ex A. Rich.)Maire& Weiller ( C. schoenanthus Malayan names:rumputserai enna, vasane hulluyanne,vashanap pulluyenney tikadi-moti, thikari,tikhari,varukaraiaal pul,vasanap pulla sugandha vaasane hullu,sugandhathrinashitha sushithala, Hochst.ex A. Rich.; Flora of TropicalFlora Africa (Hochst.ex A. Rich.)Stapf; (Hochst.ex A. Rich.)Chiov.) (Hochst.ex A. Rich.)Maire; (Hochst.ex A. Rich.)Hack.; 1: 287.1952. Monographiae Phanerogamarum Bor ( (L.)Sprengelsubsp. (L.)Sprengelsubsp. Andropogon cambogiensis Tentamen Florae Abyssinicae … Andropogon schoenanthus 9:271.1919, (Balansa)E.G.Camus& A. Cymbopogon sennarensis Andropogon iwarancusa Cymbopogon proximus 4:114.1890[ Journal deBotanique,

schoenanthus Cymbopogon prox- Andropogon proxi- proximus ﬁ Flore del’Afrique a, so 6:601.1889 ﬁ ya, solara, Balansa;

(Hochst. Journal subsp. var. var. 551 2: Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC C. tortilis in Thailand: yaafrikfran, phrikphraan,yaphran 7: 351.1922, honor A.W.Winter) by alea prominent, groupsofpairedracemeseachpartiallyenclosed thatching grass,leafnarrow atbase,membranousligule South Africa, Swaziland. Perennial,tufted,very robust Burtt Davy) khasianus de Botanique(Morot) 552 mahapangiri C. winterianus gunga (Zulu);umqunga (Xhosa) in Southern Africa: reuseterpentyngras,tamboekiegras; isi- in Burundi:Ibikenkekenke bookie grass,tambuti in English:giantturpentinegrass,tam- tologique duCongoBelge classensii macearum ered asaseparatespecies,see fl Asia. Whitish culms,usuallyasynonym of C. travancorensis 52: 169.1954, 565. 1920, Lingnan ScienceJournal nique Appliquée &d’Agriculture Coloniale 1(4-5): 347.1830, found inopenareas, Southeast Asia, Korea, Japan.Usefulforerosioncontrol, Cymbopogon tortilis validus C. validus 318. 1906, Asia. See conferti C. traninhensis in Japan:o-karu-kaya,karu-kaya ing Regions 7(5): 1314-1315.1936, and 176, f.24.1954, 1912, 7: 352.1898and turbed grasslands,vleis,stony slopes,see mountainous grassland,alongroadsides,wetlandsordis- veld typesandforestmargins, loamysoil,wetsites,in low grazingvalue, antimicrobialactivity, grows inmoist awned, strongturpentine smellwhencrushed,unpalatable, exuosus Journal oftheBombayNatural HistorySociety Flora of TropicalFlora Africa Stapf; fl fl orus (Neesex Steudel)J.F. Watson, sometimesconsid- ike spathe,spikelets paired,1spikelet sessileand Robyns; (J.Presl) A. Camus( var. var. Bulletin ofMiscellaneousInformationKew 1:388.1854, (Stapf)BurttDavy ( Journal oftheBombayNatural HistorySociety 498.1987. Bulletin duMuséumd’Histoire Naturelle auct.; var. var. Cymbopogon afronardus Dansk Botanisk Arkiv nagensis Reinwardtia Jowitt ex Bor(

(A. Camus)S.Soenarko ( J. BombayNat.Hist. Annals ofthe Transvaal Museum Bor Flora traninhensis Cymbopogon validus (J.Presl)Hitchc.) Cymbopogon winterianus ] and Grasses ofJapan anditsNeighbor- Bor) 24:22.1846and 7:246.1929, Gaz. N.W. Prov. India fi 1:145.1929. Flore Générale del’Indo-Chine elds, see 9(3):347.1977. 7:279.1919, A. Camus; A. Anthistiria tortilis Synopsis PlantarumGlu- Cymbopogon nardus Andropogon nardus 23:158.1965. Reliquiae Haenkeanae Stapf; 51: 903.1954. Symbolae Sinicae (Stapf)Stapfex Flora Capensis Revue deBota- 5:206.1925, Cymbopogon Cymbopogon Cymbopogon Cymbopogon Flore Agros- Jowitt) (to 392.1882 J.Presl; 52:174- 3:129. 1906: var. var. 26: ual, spicatein ligule amembrane-like moreorless fringed,plantsbisex- more orlessbranched,auriclesabsent,leafbladessagittate, Panicoideae, Paniceae, Setariinae,annual,herbaceous, One species, Africa. Panicoideae, Panicodae, Paniceae, or From theGreek Cymbosetaria Schweick. rhizomatous, leaves sheathinganddrooping,loosein blades smoothandgraduallynarrowed atthebase,shortly clumps, somewhat glaucous, baceous, terete,smooth,glabrous,tufted,forminglarge India, Southeast Asia, SriLanka.Perennial,large, tall,her- lemmas cymbiform, paleapresent,freeand unequal, lower glume3-nerved, upperglume5-to7-nerved, tended byabristle,compressed spikelets, 2glumesvery lower lowest pedicelnotswollen, sessilespikelet with2 lanceolate subtendingapairofracemes,racemesciliate, cence, large false paniclemuchbranched,spatheoleslinear- 3 stamens,ovary glabrous,2stigmas,oftenin Cymbosetaria sagittifolia male orsterilewith 2 lodicules,3stamens,plumosestigmas,pedicelledspikelet maphrodite, lower glumeconcave andwinged,paleaabsent, in Vietnam: s[ar]d[or],Java in Thailand: takhrai-daeng,takhrai-hom,takhraima-khuut in SriLanka:mahapangiri,pengiri in Malaysia:seraiwangi in Indonesia:seraiwangi, serewangi, serehwangi in Spanish:citronela in French:herbecitrondeJava, citronnelledeJava grass ronella oil,oldcitronellagrass,mahapangiri Winter’s in English:Java citronella,Java citronellagrass,Java cit- 185(2): 99-103.Sep2000. Vegetables.” winterianus tial Oil Yield Variations inJava Citronella( 185. 1965,B.R.Rajeswara Rao,“Biomass Yield andEssen- 132. 1960, 1931, dens. Peradeniya Steud.) J.F. Watson, see soils, very similarto logging, bestonneutraltoslightlyacidwell-drainedloamy intolerant ofsalinity, toleratesonlyshortperiodsofwater- rheumatism andarthriticpain,usefulforerosioncontrol, medicinal, antibacterial,antidepressant,antispasmodic, used inperfumeryandforinsectrepellents,deodorant, aromatic foliage,widelycultivated, scentedessentialoils Grasses ofCeylon fl oret reducedtoanemptylemma,upper Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift Jowitt), IntercroppedwithFood Legumes and Journal of Agronomy andCrop Science fl orescence nondigitate,each spikelet sub- kymbe 4:188.1908, fl orets reducedtoascale,ornamental, “boat”plus Cymbopogon Annals oftheRoyalBotanicGar- 193.1956, (Hochst.ex A. Rich.)Schweick., fl owering culmsarching,leaf Handb. Fl.Ceylon = Cymbosetaria Schweick. Setaria Setaria Grasses ofBurma fl exuosus fl . P. Beauv. eshy lodicules, Cymbopogon Setaria (Neesex fl 112(1-2): oret her- 6:335. fl fl , type orets, ores- … Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC branous andthin,in at thetop,basalsheathsslightlycompressed,ligulemem- istic sagittateleaves pseudopetiolate,leafsheathsrounded weak, erectorgeniculate,roundedspikelets andcharacter- Tropical Africa, Yemen. Annual, tufted,open,slender, Walp.) (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Walp.; Setaria barbigera Steud.; gerum taria sagittifolia C. sagittifolia Species 569-593. 2003. tributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Austral. J. Bot. Antilles Monographs 122. 1954, Vyss. Rast. [1983], Plantarum Contr. U.S. Natl.Herb. type x Two hybrids species, Australia. Cynodonteae,perennial, Queensland (1913-1981), in Trevor Clifford (b. 1927)andSelwyn Lawrence Everist Cynodon x CynochlorisClifford &Everist tle, lower arranged horizontallyinwhorls,spikelets withasinglebris- racemes, openpanicleoblongtoovate, unilateralbranches see x CynochlorisClifford&Everist Africa Plantarum Glumacearum Annales BotanicaeSystematicae Scienze dell’IstitutodiBologna 2: 379-380.1850, elly banksbywadis, see mostly insandysoil,savannah woodland, stony andgrav- riverine forest,inopen todensebushveld andinforests, dense stands,grows inshadedplacesoftennearrivers, little agriculturalvalue, foodforseed-eatingbirds,forms lemma gibbousandkeeled, apalatablepioneergrass,of blatthirse in South Africa: pylblaargras, eenjarigepylblaargras, pfeil- in English:arrow grass 1936. Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie 9:862.1930, Bertol.; Cynochloris 1:121-203.1963, Flora of Australia Pennisetum sagittifolium x fl 34:t.3320.1936, 8:71.1971, oret maleorbarren,lower lemmarugose,upper Cytologia Chloris . 75:46.1964, 29:1-132.1962, (Hochst.ex A. Rich.)Schweick.( Panicum sagittifolium 16:539-544,551-554.1968, (A.Rich.)Schweick.; Proceedings oftheRoyalSociety

macivorii . (Bertol.)Stapf; Memorie dellaReale Accademia delle Hooker’s IconesPlantarum 19:97-103.1954, ﬂ 22(3):156.1920, orescence ofseveral spike-like Willdenowia 1:54.1853and Tentamen Florae Abyssinicae … 44B:300-301.2005. Adansonia Austrobaileya Clifford &Everist, seeHarold Setaria sagittifolia J. Wash.Sci. Acad. 3:250,t.19,f.1-2.1851, Flora oftheNetherlands 3:721.1852, Hochst.ex A. Rich.; 8:67-79.1977, (Hochst.ex A. Rich.) sér. 2,6:105.1966, Setaria sagittifolia 51,178.1812and Illinois Biological 1(5):460.1982 Flora of Tropical Hooker’s Icones Panicum barbi- Novosti Sist. 34:t.3320. (A.Rich.) Cymbose- 44:116- Synopsis Con- 46: Queensland. Decumbentorgeniculate. District, Queensland) x Queensland. Erectordecumbent. x Species and saw, caninetooth,having pairsofprojectingteeth,” From theLatin Cynodon L.C.Richard plants bisexual, erect leaves linearto rounded, ligulemembrane-like andfringedorciliate,short internodes, noauricles,shortleafsheathsmoothand decumbent androotingatnodes,nodesglabrous,hollow ceous, leafyandmuch-branched,erectorascending, zomatous andstoloniferous,creepingorspreading,herba- Chloridinae, perennial,tereteorcompressed,mostlyrhi- warm temperateregions. Chloridoideae,Cynodonteae, About 8-10species,Old World tropics,subtropical,tropical, torum. 1:85.Paris 1805. enumerationem systematicamspecierumhucusquecogni- sis plantarum see ChristiaanHendrikPersoon,(1761/1762-1836), zomes, tothebasalbuds ontherhizomes,ortospikes; Dactilon 56: 944-950.1969, cies de logical SocietyofLondon iana, Botany 150. 1812, 1: 85.1805, Graminum inGalliaetGermania itary andsecund,erect disarticulating above orbetweentheglumes,spikelets sol- terete, sessilespikelets stronglylaterallycompressedand nodes, 1bisexual toire desPlantesdeDauphiné (L.) Pers.,see lemmas withaciliatekeel andawnless, freeand cence umbellateorspicateanddigitate,rachis Chloris oped many improved varieties, intergeneric hybrids with pas, rainforest,roadsides,interspeci weedy places,arableland,seashores,disturbedpam- ﬁ native pasturespecies,foddergrass,lawns, turf,playing rescence, vigorous,oftensward-forming, weedspecies, cyanide poisoningoroften HCNpoisonous,attractive in fruit smallandtrigonous,ornamental,occasionallycausing minute lodicules,stamens3,ovary glabrous,2redstigmas, elds, growing insandyplaces,openhabitats,grazedor C. macivorii C. reynoldensis odous, odontos Cynodon Sw. withwhichitisrelated,type Vill., Genera Plantarum Essai d’uneNouvelle Agrostographie 24(2):38-331.1955, , seuenchiridiumbotanicumcomplectens

Familles desPlantes ﬁ Clifford &Everist (aMr. McIvor) cynodon liform moreorlessoppositeonthestolons, (Gramineae)delaRepública Argentina.], ﬂ

Fibichia oret, 2narrow glumeskeeled andpapery, B.K. Simon(Reynolds Creek,Moreton Kurtziana “atooth,” referringtothescalyrhi- fl owering shoots,terminalin fl andGreek 139:181-220.1962, owering shootsproducedatthe Koeler 5:191-252.1969[Lasespe- 3(2):1164.1883and = 2:69.1787, 302,308.1802, Capriola Proceedings oftheZoo- fi 2:31,532.1763, c hybridization, devel- kynodous Cynodon dactylon Adans., Amer. J. Bot. fl “teethofa at orsemi- Descriptio 122,146, Syn. Pl. Synop- fl Field- fl kynos ores- eshy His- 553 fl o- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC usually glabrous,weed,native pasturespeciesnaturalized reddish orpurpledarkred, stiff racemes,lemmakeel a ciliatemembrane,foliage stiff andharsh,in ferous, erect,notrhizomatous, stoloninternodes zania. Perennial,tall,coarse, woody, large, robust, stoloni- Eastern coastsof Africa, Ethiopia,Zimbabwe,Uganda, Tan- C. aethiopicus Species ties.” Vibrans, “EpianthropochoryinMexican weedcommuni- tallgrass prairie.” ation inplantresponsestomycorrhizalcolonization Gail W.T. Wilson andDavid C.Hartnett,“Interspeci Chicago 1970, J. Altmann, ment Station:Bulletin Taxon 554 and Eritrea Flora Mesoamericana Am. J. Bot. (Liliaceae) withcontrastingbelowground morphologies.” in woodland herbs:acomparisonof3species K. Wijesinghe andDennisF. Whigham, “Nutrient foraging Herbarium 994. 2000, Crop Science and itssystematicimplications.], [Caryopsis morphologyoftheChloridoideae(Gramineae) Journal oftheLinneanSociety Management andRestoration Renvoize, Research and Venereology 2005, 2005, 147-153. Apr 1087. 2001, China.” by Huang, L.Zheng, T. Hsiang,“Firstreportofleafspotcaused Sporobolus virginicus “Effects ofsalinityongrowth andcationaccumulationof 90: 72-77.2003,HesterL.BellandJames W. O’Leary, 309. 2005, 1424. 2003, ease inCuba.” phytoplasma associatedwithBermuda-grasswhiteleafdis- S. Picornell,R. Almeida andP. Jones,“Firstreportofa 60. Mar2005, Y. Arocha, D.Horta,B.Piñol,I.Palenzuela, to shooturaniumtransfer.], nium fromphosphaterockbut mycorrhizadecreasesroot hairs inbarley enhance acquisitionofphosphorusandura- tologist Cell andEnvironment Curvularia verruculosa Am. J. Bot. 19:565-569.1970, Journal oftheEuropean Academy of Dermatology 165(2):591-598.Feb2005[Mycorrhizaandroot Plant Pathology 45(2):121-129. Apr 2005, 41:37-38,59-63,64,121.2001,Dushyantha Austral. Ecology Gramíneas deBolivia 7:174-177.1995, Contributions from theUnitedStatesNational 88:1071-1079.2001, Baboon Ecology. Am. J. Bot. Flora of Australia 191(3):172-184.June2005. W.D. Clayton&J.R.Harlan Zoologica Africana Plant Pathology 86:476-481.1999, Am. J. Bot. 19(3): 390-391.May2005, New Phytologist 28(2):157-166.Feb2005, (Poaceae).” 673:1-37.1970,S.A. Altmann and 6:291-292.1994, 89:1439-1446.2002, 54(2):253. Apr 2005, Oklahoma Agricultural Experi- Oklahoma Agricultural Restoration Ecology 30(1):49-57.Feb2005, on University ofChicagoPress, 6(1):75-76. Apr 2005, 85:1732-1738.1998,S.A. Am. J. Bot. vol. 44B,Poaceae3:301- 148(1):57-72.May2005 54(2):233. Apr 2005,J. Journal of Agronomy and Cynodon 362-363.1998,Heike 13(2):329-350.1978, Am. J. Bot. Am. J. Bot. Plant Breeding Am. J. Bot. 166(1):73-82. Apr Flora ofEthiopia 84:1565.1997, sp.inHubei, Am. J. Bot. 90:1416- fl 88:1080- Ecological 13(1):49- fl Botanical orescence New Phy- 87:986- Uvularia at, ligule 124(2): fi c vari- Plant, Weed C. arcuatus in South Africa: reusekweekgras,stergras in Spanish:pastoestrellagigante African stargrass giant quickgrass,Nakurugrass,star Ethiopian dog’s-tooth grass,Ethiopiandogstooth grass, in English:cynodon couch,budgee grass,Bermudagrass, sides, see lands, abandonedcultivations, cropsandpastures,onroad- useful forerosioncontrol,foundincoastalplains,waste- elsewhere, medicinaluse,palatable,goodgrazing,fodder, and rhizomatous,auriclesglabrous,stiff leafblades, pressed, decumbentorprostrate,branched,stoloniferous Southeast Asia, India, Australia. Perennial,glabrous,com- taria radiata dius (Rang. & Tadulingham) C.E.C.Fischer; soils, oftenconfusedwith places, opendampsites,sandy soils,roadsides,gravelly and scarious,lemmaciliate,grazed bycattle,foundinwet cence spreadingandmoreor lesscurved, glumesunequal leaf sheathskeeled, leafbladeslanceolate,spicatein Cynodon dactylon places, seasonally equal, grazedbycattle,openhabitat,dryareas,disturbed ering culmserect,spikes curved andspreading,glumes 1: 272.1825, Species 1918, Journal oftheBombayNatural HistorySociety see sandy sites,oldcultivations, edgeofforest,stony places, Grasses ofCeylon C. aristiglumis 469. 1960. C. Kurtziana Species Plantarum South andCentral America. Waste placesandareas,see (L.) Pers.) Calcutta 1915-1919;seeFrans A. Sta Southern India,authorof Africa, 1898IndiaasDirectoroftheBotanicalSurvey of in tropicalagricultureatCambridge,1860-1870South Alfred Barber, 1860-1933, asugarcane specialist,lecturer nega, zomatous, Southern India,SriLanka.Perennial,stoloniferousandrhi- 1917-1933) the library ofthe Arnold Arboretum ofHarvard University upon botanists 315. Königstein1992;J.H.Barnhart,

barberi Systema Vegetabilium Rang.& Tadul.; Taxonomic literature. SupplementI: A-Ba Flora ofthePresidency ofMadras 38.1821, 5:236,f.11.1969. Kew Bulletin

fl Rang. & Tadul. (namedfortheBritishCharles owering culmserect,glabrous,looselymatted, J.Presl( (Roth)Spreng.) Reliquiae Haenkeanae . 1:119.1965;E.M. Tucker, Caro&E.A.Sánchez( Systema Vegetabilium, editiodecima sexta (L.)Pers.,see 90,pl.13.1956, 1:58.1753, fl Cynodonleptochloides ooded sites,alongroadsides,open Cynodon dactylon 24:187.1970. 2:411.1817, Studies inIndianSugarcanes Cynodon arcuatus Syn. Pl. Journal oftheBombay 1(4-5):290.1830and Cynodon L.C.Richard fl Grasses ofBurma eu andErik A. Men- Biographical notes Cynodoninterme- Cynodon dactylon Novae Plantarum var. var. 1:85.1805and 10:1835.1934, Steud.; Catalogue of J.Presland intermedius 26:304. . 37-314- fl Digi- fl ores- ow- … … . Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC “a Fibichia umbellata Phleum dactylon Paspalum dactylon Panicum dactylon itaria dactylon Spreng.; dactylon Digitaria littoralis nom. illeg., non rus uni var. Cynodon dactylon Steud.; non Kunth; 91. 1956, Natural HistorySociety Cynodon L.C.Richard C. dactylon See South Africa. C. bradleyi of Burma dactylon latus (Kunth) Hitchc.; (Steud.) Chev.; f. odon aristulatus Steud.; itimus odon polevansii occidentalis glabratus culms erectorgeniculate,internodes zomes, woody stolonsandunderground scalyrhizomes, tous and/orstronglystoloniferous,bothstolonsandrhi- a densemat,oftenstronglyrootingatthenodes,rhizoma- glaucous, slender, wiry, creepingorprostrateandforming variable, long-lived and hardy, tough,graytogray-greenor Cosmopolitan. Perennial,vigorous,highlytoextremely kidneys, agoodmedicineforskindiseases,infolk herbicides, avaluable herbal medicinal,teafromrootsfor nial crops,highlyinvasive, dif zomes given tohorses,anoxiousweedofannualand peren- relished byallclassesoflivestock, rootsedible,scaly rhi- eaten, excellent foddergrass,forage,goodpasturespecies, in 3 stamens,purplestigmas,grainsturgid, ornamentalwhen and mucronate,paleawith2longitudinalridges,lodicules, acuminate andmoreorlesspersistent,lemmaboat-shaped broad spikelets sessileandlaterally compressed,glumes plish orreddishbrown erectandslenderdigitatespikes, fringed withhairs,glabrousdistichousleaves, greenorpur- bearded, leafsheathskeeled and shiny, liguleshortand fl vivipara fi ower, sacredtoHindus,inIndiatenderleaves andshoots Agrostis glabratus nger”) (Lam.) Caro; (Kunth) Hack.; fl Agrostis Cynodon tenuis Cynodon aristiglumis (L.)Scop.; (L.)Kuntze; Digitaria stolonifera orus …469.1960. Steud.; Ceylon J. Sci.,Biol.Sci. Beetle;

Willd. ex Steud.; Stent (L.)Pers.( fi Walter; (Steud.)Chiov.; liformis (L.)Scop.; Cynodon dactylon Stent; Pall. ex Georgi) (fromtheGreek fi Capriola dactylon Caro &E.A.Sánchez; Chloris cynodon liformis var. var. Bothalia (L.)Lam.; L.; Koeler; Cynosurus dactylon Cynodon maritimus Digitaria glumaepatula Salisb.; Cynodon dactylon Vill.; Cynodonerectus Dactilon of elegans 24:846.1916, Trin. ex Spreng.; Capriola dactylon Panicum glumaepatulum Cynodon portoricensis Agrostis bermudiana J.Königex Kunth, nom.illeg., 2:277.1927. Capriola dactylon Milium dactylon Fibichia dactylon Schrad.,nom.illeg., non Caro&E.A.Sánchez; Digitaria maritima Cynodon pascuus Paspalum umbellatum Cynodon dactylon Rendle; fi cult toeradicatewithout 2(2):125.1959, Trin.; var. var. fi (L.)Kuntze; cinale (L.)Pers.; densus Kunth; subsp. Grasses ofCeylon Cynodon dactylon Cynodon dactylon fl J. Presl; Chloris paytensis attened, auricles Cynodon umbel- Vill.; var. var. (Steud.)Miq.; (L.)Moench; (L.)Hitchc., Hurcombe; (L.)Beck; Nees; Tussacex Willd.ex var. var. glabratus Digitaria (Kunth) maritima Cynodon Capriola Cynodon Steud.; Cynosu- daktylos Grasses Lam.; Cyn- Cyn- mar- Dig- Society Santiago 1909, 1909, anik utgivetavK.Svenska Vetenskapsakademien Bosnien undderHerzegovina 61 the African PlantsCollectedbyDr. F. Welwitsch in1853- 1927, ences Naturelles duMaroc Missouri BotanicalGarden Bulletin n.s., 26:82.1919, Reliquiae Haenkeanae Flora Brasiliensis seuEnumeratio Plantarum Systema Vegetabilium, editio decima sexta Graminibus uni Nord Bulletin delaSociétéd’Histoire Naturelle del’Afriquedu tionale debotaniqueappliquée etd’agriculture tropicale Botanical Magazine secunda Generum Plantarum [1853], opsis PlantarumGlumacearum Nomenclator Botanicus.Editiosecunda tarum OmniumHucusqueCognitarum gen imganzenUmfangderP Species Plantarum Flora Germanica Botanici … in GalliaetGermania 4 Th. 4:684.Königsberg 1797-1800, und Naturhistorische Beschreibung desRussischen Reichs Gottlieb Georgi (1729-1802), vigentium 177. 1791, leau EncyclopédiqueetMéthodique…Botanique 69. 1787, Secunda see sandy wastes, overgrazed areas,invery poorsoils,desert, silty outwash area,onbeachsand,uncultivated areas,on lawns, alongroadsidesandrailroads,onroadsidegravel, dunes, coarsesand,onwaste grounds,trampledareas,in stream banks,intheunderstoryofopenwoods, alongsand bare dampground,alluvium, streams andmarshes,disturbedplaces,cultivated lands, edges, inriparianareasandgrasslandsadjacentto soil embankments,usuallyfoundinwetlandsandriver stabiliser ofdisturbedbeachdunes,sometimesusedtobind erosion control,sandbinderforcoastaldistricts,useful lawns and/orplaying withstands longperiodsofdrought,widelyplantedfor snuff inepistaxis,numerouscultivars have beendeveloped, used asadiureticandemollient,thefreshjuice 2(1):221.1899and Species Plantarum 30:368.1939, Flora ofthePresidency ofMadras Flora DescriptivaéIllustrada deGalicia 26:304.1918, Flora vanNederlandsch Indië 772:179.1920, 1:463.1940, 1:52.1772, . 19.Londini[London](Nov-Dec) 1796,Johann Flora Caroliniana, secundum… Prodromus stirpiuminhorto adChapel Allerton 67. 1802, fl Journal oftheBombayNatural History oris etsesqui 1:165,pl.3,f.9.1806, United StatesDepartmentof Agriculture: 1:170.1815[1816], (Tokyo) 55:538.1941, 2:764.1891, Histoire desPlantesdeDauphiné 1:58.1753, 1(4-5):290.1830, 302.1802, fi Botanical Magazine Nuovo GiornaleBotanicoItaliano Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen aus elds, groundcover, turf,usefulfor Synopsis Plantarum Nomenclator Botanicus.Editio Mémoires delaSociétédesSci- 4(1):25.1924, 1893:147.1893, fl 9:436.1904, Geographisch-physikalische anzenkunde fl fl oris 1:41,207,212.1855 oodplain margin, along Methodus PlantasHorti Flora Carniolica,Editio 229.Petropoli1824, Annual Reportofthe Descriptio Graminum 3:439.1857, 1:259,261.1833, 1:463.1840, Enumeratio Plan- Neue Entdeckun- 10:1835.1934, 2:63.1821, Bothalia Nova Genera et 55:538.1941, 1:272.1825, 82. 1788, Revue interna- 1:85.1805, Arkiv förBot- 2:425.1829, Catalogue of 8(8):40. 3:310. 1:176- 2:283. Revisio Tab- Syn- 555 De 2: , Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC the 498. 1987,G.Garcia-GuzmanandJ.J.Burdon,“Impactof 171. 1986, 190. 1981, garicae 522, f.2.1972, Socialiste Romania 11. 1969, 23: 185.1956, 27(297-298): 282.1947, 556 18(2): 45. Agana, Guam1982[1984], (Gramineae).” performance oftheclonalgrass ogy Indian doab,dungrass, grass, dhoubdoubdubdhub grass, creepingdoorwa, doabgrass,dub,dhub,doob grass, dog’s tooth,dog’s toothgrass,creepingdog’s tooth mon stargrass, wiregrass,devil’s grass,devilgrass, devil Indian couch,hare’s string,runninggrass,starcom- couch, commongreencouchgrass, grass, king’s grass, African couch, Australian couch,Fiji grass, HurialleBaramagrass,balamacroquet grass, ScotchBahamaBahamasHariyali pean Bermudagrass,commonFlorida in English:Bermudagrass,Bermudagrass,Bermuda,Euro- 2005, in Cuba.], plasma associatedwithBermuda-grasswhiteleafdisease 54, issue2:233-233. Apr 2005[Firstreport ofaphyto- Pepe Ortíz,hierba muda, gramabermuda,hierbadezacate in Spanish:pastoargentina, bermudacomún,pastober- mudes, dactyle,gazon desBermudes,gazon bleuàDakar dent pied-de-poule,chiendentof in French:groschiendent,petitchien- kweek grass,coarsekweek,commonquickgrass cwice, twitchgrass,quitch,quickgrass,white in Cuba:grama in CostaRica:zacategallina bermuda in Colombia:argentina, bermuda,pastoargentina, pasto de gallina in Central America: zacateagujilla,deconejo,grama chiendent, petitchiendent in theCaribbean:Bahama-grass,chyendan, tichyendan, grama debotica,Marajó in Brazil:capim-de-burro, capimdecidade,seda, gramilla colorada,detiempo,pataperdiz in Argentina: diente deperro,grama,gramaBermuda, in Portuguese:grama,gramadeboticas gramón fl vol. 13,issue1:49-60.Mar2005, ower smut Austral. Ecology 17(1-2):123.1971[1972], Kew Bulletin Plant Breeding Grasses ofJapan anditsNeighboringRegions Dominguezia Am. J. Bot. Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hun- Ustilago cynodontis Kurtziana 12:139.1972, fi na, gramillablanca,gramadulce, 24:185-189.1970, 30(4):445-464.June2005. 84:1565.1997, 6,f.4:16.1983, 5:210,220,223,236,f.2G,7, Revista Argentinade Agronomía vol. 124,issue2:147-153. Apr fi negrass, fi cinal, chiendentdesBer- (Ustilaginaceae)onthe Phytologia Darwiniana fi Cynodon dactylon Plant Pathology ngergrass, Lagascalia Restoration Ecol- Flora Republicii Micronesica 48(2):189- 17:514, fi 14(1): ngers, vol. in Sudan:nejeel (Tswana); uqaqaqa(Xhosa);uqethu(Zulu) weekgras, ysterkweek;mohloa, mohlwa (Sotho); mothowa diesekweek, renoster, rivierkweek, vingergras, witk- kruisgras, kwaggagras, kwaggakweek, lynkweek,oosin- week, gewone kweekgras,hardekweek, Indiesekweek, elandskweek, fynkweek,garies, gemsbokkweek,growwek- week, Bataviesekweek, buffelgras, buffelkweek, doobgras, in Southern Africa: kweek,kweekgras,queckgras,anosterk- in Somalia:harfo,sadeho,serdi,domar, darris in SierraLeone:kagbatha,kroke gras in Senegal: gereded, harap,keref, sogosoko in RodriguesIsland:chiendent yar damòò,tsirkiyarzoomoo syesyè, taagoldoneyel, tsambiya,tsarkiyarzoomoo,tsirki- kiri kiri,kirii,kooko igba,loh,nkimenang,sirkiyambo, damoo, jaajaamazà,jiriyel,kargashi, karjigu,karyagarma, in Nigeria:bogolboje,buntun kudaa,buntun shaamuwaa, tsirkya’r zomo in Niger:ae tizimit amait, tamusayt,taggamaît, tîl,toungane, tribatt,imelzi, âfar, affer, almès,haffar, âgesmir, agouzinir, aoukeraz, tag- in Morocco:nnjem,njem,en-najam,anjil,ennjîl,njil,njir, in Mauritania:iverd in Mali:almès,kiki,nedjam,nghoghon,zozobu in Guinea-Bissau:bogobodje kokidéggé in Guinea:naragbada,naragbara,doubourouleïdi, in Ghana:chiaavar sarki,chiaawar sarki grama in Angola: otyiwena,usila,escalrracho,capimdecavalos, zabak, zil nisjil, raifa, rjelleghrab, sabak,sabaq,tsil,ubal,wubal, moddad, nadjir, ndjil,nedjam,nedjem,nedjil,negil, nigil, in Arabic: ‘akresh,endjil,iverd, kar’aleghrab, kezmir, loh, in West Indies:petitchiendent in PuertoRico:grama zacate delconejo,inglés,pilillo,zarzuue bermuda, zacateborrego, zacatechino,conejo, pollo, quixi-piguiñe,tsakamtoom,zacateagrarista, dadera, pastoestrella,patadegallo, patadeperdíz, patade muda, pastodeldiablo,dientedeperro,enre- kan-suuk, lan-suukycanzuuc,pastoalambre,deber- costa, gramilla,guix-biguiñi,guixi-biguiñi,guixi-guitoo, gallito, gallitos, grama,gramadebermuda,la agrarista, bermuda,bermudadelacosta,canzuuc,elozacatl, in Mexico: acabacahuiztle,acabacahuitzili,acacahuiztli, rixquiaktap, rixquiatap in Guatemala:gramadebermudas,kox, pelodemacho, fi r, aessem,aessembé,kirkishi, lallamékéina, Cynodon L.C.Richard Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC in Paci in Hawaii: manienie,manieniehaole in Vietnam: cochi,cò’chi’,co’ông, coong in Tibetan: rtsva-ram-pa, se’u,sor-ba phraek in Thailand: noke de,nokede, yaaphaet, yaphraek,yaa in Telugu: garike, garikagoddi in Tamil: aroogum pillo,arugampullu in SriLanka:ruha,aruhampul kawitan, kolatai, palotgalot grama, kapot-kapot,kawad-kawad, kawad-kawaran, kawit- in thePhilippineIslands:bakbaka,balbalut,galud-galud, in Okinawa: gagina in Malaysia:rumputminyak in Laos:hnha:zph’è:d in Japan:gyôgi-shiba in Indonesia:gigirinling,jukutkakawatan, sukitgrinting ununtha, vamini, vijia ama, talla(Punjab),thadike, thellagariki, thikthaparva, tilla, sheetha, sheethakumbi,sheethala,shiva, shiveshtha, shy- shathaparva, shathagranthi,shathavalli, shathmoola, saumya, shaambhavi, shadvala, shantha,shashpa, ram ghas,romghas,ruha,safeddoob,sahasraveerya, neladoorva, niladurva, nilidub,ourooha,paandaridhoorva, mahaushadhi, mahavari, mangala, nanda,neelidhoorva, hullu, karkeri hullu,karuka,khabbal,khabbar, kudigarikai, garike, kabbal,kabbar, kalighas,kalighas,karala,karike haritha, harithali,harvali, haryali,jaya,kaade,kachharuha hariaaly, hariali,harialil, harialy, haridoob,haryeli,haritali, gaddi, ghericha,gherka,guna,haraili,harala, harasalika, garike, garike hullu,garikoihallu, garke, gauri, gericha dubh, dubra,durba,durbà,durva, garika gaddi, garikaihallu, daa, doobdra,doobra,doorba,doorva, doorvaa, dub,duba, dhurmara, dhurva, dob,doob,doobghas,grass,doob- dhoboghas, dhoortha,dhoorva, dhub,dhubkhabbal,dhupsa, gavi, bhoothahanthri,chibbar, chotapinenutti,dhobighas, latha, bahuveerya, barawa, belikaraga, bhaaergavi, bhaar- arghum, arugam pilla,arugam pul,arugampullu, asitha- in India:amari,ambate,amritha,anantha,anuvallika, in China:tiexiancao in Cambodia:smaoanchien,aucheousor in Burma:myesamet,myet in Bhutan:rampa,aram,dubo in Yoruba: kooko igba in Tunisia:njem Cynodon L.C.Richard C. dactylon 498. 1987. Japan. See ( Cynodon dactylon fi c: mosiemolulu

Grasses ofJapan anditsNeighboring Regions (L.) Pers.subsp. var. var. nipponicus

nipponicus Ohwi)

(Ohwi) T.Koyama poorly drainedroadsideditch, roadsides, Mozambique, Angola.Along South Africa, tylon C. in Southern Africa: kweekgras in India:dhub,doob in Spanish:gramarastrera,zacatedeBermuda in French:grandchiendent iali grass,Bahamagrass in English:Bermudagrass,quickdevil’s grass,Har- C. C. 1969. Afghanistan. See ornamental, see erosion control,fodder, forage,noxiousweed,invasive, Israel, Tanzania, South Africa, SriLanka,India.Usefulfor low-growing, rigidtovery rigidleaves, spikes notre South Africa. Perennial,rare,compact,dense,rhizomatous, de Wet( C. in English:giantBermudagrass 9: 774.Madison, Wisconsin 1969. C. 1899. Plants CollectedbyDr. F. Welwitsch in1853-61 soil, see C. 323. 1961, see Madagascar. Found indrysites,sandyareas,openhabitats, tal, usefulforerosioncontrol,see Cosmopolitan. Worldwide weed,forage,fodder, ornamen- Schrad.; Iheringia, SérieBotânica Brasiliensis seuEnumeratio Plantarum Kuntze; & de Wet ( see along roadsides,sandysoils,moistareas, C. in S. Africa: kweek Wisconsin 1969. dactylon ( dactylon C. hirsutissimus Australia. See Cynodon dactylon

dactylon dactylon dactylon dactylon dactylon dactylon dactylon Notulae Systematicae. HerbierduMuseumdeParis Bothalia (L.)Pers.) Panicum dactylon subvar. var. var. Cynodon polevansii Cynodon pascuus Syn. Pl. Cynodon coursii Crop Science

(L.) Pers.var. (L.) Pers.var. (L.) Pers.var. (L.) Pers.var. (L.) Pers.var. (L.) Pers.var. 2:283.1927, (L.) Pers.var. hirsutissimus Fl. Austral. Syn. Pl.

Crop Science (Litard. &Maire)CaroE.A. Sánchez 1:85.1805, hirsutissima f. glabrescens 1:85.1805and

44:85-102.1994. vol. 9.Madison1969.

afghanicus dactylon 7:609.1878.

polevansii

(Litard.&Maire) L.) aridus pulchellus coursii elegans Crop Science A. Camus) A. Nees; Stent) Litard.&Maire; vol. 9.Madison, Wisconsin ﬂ Catalogue ofthe African Syn. Pl. at country, grayishblack

J.R. Harlan&de Wet (Beck.)Soó; ( (A. Camus)J.R.Harlan

Rendle ( Capriola dactylon Digitaria stolonifera

(Stent) J.R.Harlan&

J.R. Harlan&de Wet F. Muell.ex Benth. 2:425.1829and 1:85.1805, Crop Science vol. 9.Madison, Cynodon dac- 2(1):221. Cynodon Cynodon ﬂ Flora exed, (L.) 16: vol. 557 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC 14. 1950, vincia deBuenos Aires Sciences Naturelles duMaroc North Africa, Morocco.See 558 C. hirsutus wildekweek; kweek, Transvaalsekweekgras, Transvaalsekweek, gakweek, mossiekweek,perdekweek,rooikweek,soet- in Southern Africa: fynkweekgras,harigekweekgras,kwag- quickgrass, Transvaalquickgrass in English:doggrass,hairycouch,quickgrass,red 1969. 286. 1927, tus similar to glume, intheupperhalfawingonlemmakeel, very geniculate, stoloniferous,notrhizomatous,3-nerved upper South Africa. Perennial,herbaceous,erectordecumbent or (Stent) de Wet &J.R.Harlan) 368. 1939, la Sociétéd’Histoire Naturelle del’AfriqueduNord C. hirsutus [1972]. Academiae ScientiarumHungaricae Harlan ( vincia deBuenos Aires Argentina. See Stent, see heavily grazed pastures,very close to for controllingerosion,poisonous,grows onroadsidesand where, goodfeedrelishedbycattle,quickgrowing, used nate, lemmakeel winged,weedspeciesnaturalizedelse- glumes acutetoacuminate,lemmabluntorshortlymucro- ﬂ usually withoutrhizomes,ligulemembranous,leafblades South Africa. Perennial,erect,stoloniferous,herbaceous, C. incompletus 47: i-xi,1-178.1994. in SystematicBotanyfrom theMissouriBotanicalGarden f. 14.1950, 14. 1950, couch, in English:doggrass,bluecouch,couch 5: 1-51.1972. 1969, 286. 1927, C. kweek, Transvaalsekweekgras weekgras, kwaggakweek, regtekweek, rooikweek,soet- in South Africa: fynkweekgras, harigekweekgras,Karook- roo quickgrass,redquickgrass at, spikes usuallypalegreen,spikelets narrowly ovate,

Nees,see incompletus Australian Journal ofBotany, SupplementarySeries ﬁ Cynodon bradleyi ne quick,hairyquickgrass,KarooKar- Cynodon bradleyi Crop Science Crop Science Linnaea Stent(

Revista Argentinade Agronomía Revista Argentinade Agronomía Kurtziana Stent var. Kurtziana mohlwa (Sotho) Linnaea Revista Argentinade Agronomía Nees(

Nees var. Cynodon incompletus 7(3):301.1832and 5:191-252.1969,

7(3):301.1832and 5:191-252.1969, sesqui 4(2):395-404.1970, Cynodon hirsutus 4(2):395-404.1970, vol. 9:291.Madison, Wisconsin vol. 9:291. Madison, Wisconsin

Stent; hirsutus Stentand ﬂ Mémoires delaSociétédes orus 4(1):25.1924, Cynodonhirsutus

Parodi (Stent) de Wet &J.R. 17(1-2):123.1971 Cynodon incomple- Neesvar. Stent) Cynodon hirsutus Flora delaPro- Bothalia Flora delaPro- Bothalia 17(3):216,f. 17(3):216,f. Acta Botanica Monographs 17(3):216, Bulletin de 2:277, hirsutus 2:277, Stent) 30: ﬁ ne 17(3): 216,f.14.1950, stout woody stolons orous, sward-forming, norhizomes,stronglystoloniferous, large, robust toslender, tough,deeprooted,creeping,vig- Tropical Africa. Perennial, extremely variable, stout,leafy, Sánchez) sarmentosus C. nlemfuensis tooth grass,Magennis in English:MagennisBermudagrass,Magennis’ dog’s- bank, see sandy-loam soil,onsandysoilandalluvialstream- South Africa. Found alongroadsides,dryrocky habitat, C. red quickgrass in English:Bradley Bermudagrass,Bradley grass, Bradley, Wisconsin 1969. alia well-drained soils,see sites, drysandyclay, rocky soil,alongroadsides, fertile winged, ornamental,lawn grass,foundonstony areas,dry orous, leaves denselyorsparselyhairy, lemmakeel not stoloniferous, rhizomesabsent,sod-forming,extremely vig- South Africa. Prostratetolow, darkgreen,rapidgrowing, brous andkeeled, leaves small inconspicuousmembranousligule,leafsheathgla- lets 1- 1-sided spikes whorled,spikes slenderand the not toleratelongperiodsof young, troublesome,aggressive, goodgroundcover, itdoes nants, notparticularlypalatable,extremely palatablewhen 3 stamens,native pasture species,forage,grazedbyrumi- Cynodon plectostachyus orchards and soil, uncultivated lands,inopenanddensebushveld, in alluvium, inmoistareasnearrivers andstreams,insaturated grassy sandyplaces,alongroadsides,ingrassland,onmoist land andperennialcrops,foundindisturbedareas,weedy waterways, apioneergrassonwasteland, weedofarable conservation works, usefulforerosioncontroland de Agronomía agricole duCongoBelge agricole duCongoBelge Bulletin ruchwamba, rugoli in East Africa: chemorut, emurwa, kakodongo, lugowi, in Spanish:yerbaestrella,pasto estrella,estrella giant quickgrass,stargrass, robust star grass,stargrass African stargrass, African stargrass,Rhodesian in English: African Bermudagrass,East African couch,East

incompletus fl 2:277,286.1927, orets, lemmasilky with notwingedkeel, 2lodicules, fl owered andimbricatein2rows, glumesshorterthan 24:185-189.1970, Linnaea Parodi; fi 23:185.1956, elds, cattlekraals,sometimesconfusedwith Vanderyst(

Nees var. 7(3):301.1832. ﬂ Linnaea at ontheground,rootedrunners, Crop Science Cynodon parodii (K.Schum.)Pilg.,see ﬂ 13:342.1922, Revista Argentinade Agronomía

11:121.1921[1920], incompletus at, in Cynodon dactylon Taxon fl Kurtziana ooding, usedmainlyforsoil 7(3):301.1832and fl orescence of4-13digitate 19:565-569.1970. Cynodon L.C.Richard vol. 9:291.Madison, 5:193.1970, Revista Argentina Caro&E.A. fl exuous, spike- (L.)Pers.var. Bulletin Bulletin Both- Kew Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC tostachyus tina) Webbia P 7: 70,t.7.1897and 112. 1895, clays, overgrazed land,see bare land,sandyloams,ondrylake beds,alluvialsiltsand sites, blackcrackingclaysoils,weedyplaces,redsoil, arid areas,deciduousbushland, alongroadsides,disturbed heavy grazing,drought-tolerant,foundindryareas,semi- C. plectostachyus bush, forest,see Tropical East Africa. Perennial, stout,green,openspaces, Harlan C. 185-189. 1970. Ceiba devingergras in South Africa: gifgras, reusekweekgras,stergras, vreem- in Mexico: pastoestrella in Spanish:estrella,estrella Africana, pastoestrella star grass grass (=Kenya, Rift Valley, Lake Naivasha), giantstargrass, in English:featherycouch,giantquickgrass,Naivasha star spelled polianus tylon C. in Thailand: yasata in thePhilippines:galud-galud, kolatay, rukut-dukut gras, sterkgras,vreemdevingergras kaanse stergras, reusekweekgras, robuustekweekgras, ster- in South Africa: gifgras,Oos-Afrikaansekweek, Oos-Afri- Cynosurus L. erosion control,toleratestemporary baboons, usedmainlyforsoilconservation works andfor ing forlivestock, forage, fodder, wholeplanteatenby pasture grassandhay, not particularlypalatable,goodgraz- certain conditionscoulddevelop toxicproperties,useful age, smallglumes,aggressive, naturalizedelsewhere, under forming denseturf,stoloniferous,rhizomesabsent,softfoli- nial weedspecies,large, robust, stoutandwoody, spreading, Tropical Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia,Uganda. Peren- stachys Argentina de Agronomía see adapted totropicalandsubtropicalregions, openspaces, less glabrousorpubescent,ligulemembranousandfringed, purplish, tufted,stoloniferous,erect,leafsheathmoreor Tropical East Africa, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania. Perennial, fl

anzengeschichte undP nlemfuensis nlemfuensis Bulletin agricole duCongoBelge 6(2):1-551.1969, (L.)Pers.var. 19(1):1-118.1975. “spike”) 8:111.1951, plectostachya Chiov.; var. var. Annuario delRealeIstitutoBotanicodiRoma

ruspolianus

Vanderyst var. Leptochloa plectostachyus Vanderyst var. Kew Bulletin (K.Schum.)Pilg.( sarmentosus Botanische Jahrbücher fürSystematik, ) (Greek Flora Ilustrada deEntre Ríos(Argen- Kew Bulletin 23:185.1956, ﬂ anzengeographie (Chiov.) Chiov.; Die P plektos 24:189.1970.

nlemfuensis

Parodi) robustus ﬂ anzenwelt Ost-Afrikas 13:342.1922, 24(1):185-189.1970, “twisted,plaited”and ﬂ Kew Bulletin ooding, canstand

Clayton &J.R. Cynodon plec- K.Schum.,also ( 40:82.1907, Cynodon dac- Cynodon rus- Revista 24(1): C. radiatus clumped, herbaceous,erector spreading,slender, glabrous, annual orperennial,tufted,sometimes rhizomatous,stems ideae, Poodae,Poeae,orPooideae, Poeae,Cynosurinae, About 5-8species,Europe,North Africa, MiddleEast.Poo- Plantarum Fisch.; Hound’s tail,fromtheGreek Cynosurus L. Carl Linnaeus, ae “a tail,” referring totheshapeofpanicle;Latin tylon tory Society 1(4-5): 290.1830and forest, stony places,see sites, dryareas,alongroadsides,opensandyedgeof vigorous, spreading,coloniser, openhabitats,disturbed Indonesia, Philippines.Erect,wiry, coarse,notrhizomatous, Southeast Asia, Madagascar, Vietnam, Thailand, India, tochloides Dumort. slender, forming South Africa. Perennial,creeping,decumbent, herbaceous, C. transvaalensis Madras editio decimasexta Novae PlantarumSpecies bristle-like, very culms prostrate,liguleashorthairymembrane,leafblades reddish purple,denselystoloniferousand/orrhizomatous, x South African Botany South African South Africa. Ornamental,turf,cultivated, see nissii in spikelets laterallycompressed,spikes re C. Local name:masindi quick, Transvaal quickgrass, Transvaal dogtoothgrass dogstooth grass,Uganda grass,Florida Transvaal African Bermuda, African dog’s-tooth grass, African in English: African Bermudagrass, African bermudagrass, botanique, n.s. 281. 1921, Pers., see weedy places,similarandcloseto useful forturfpurposes,growing inclaysoil,roadsides, tal, readilygrazed,alawn grassandatroublesomeweed, short acuminateglumes,lemmaacuteandkeeled, ornamen- ﬂ Cynodon transvaalensis

“aconstellationnearthenorthpole,UrsaMinor”;see x orescence ofgreenorpurplishdigitatespikes, narrow

magennisii var. var. and Cynodonintermedius 10:1835.1934. Bulletin ofMiscellaneousInformationKew Steud.; magenisii . edition5.33.1754. Roth( intermedius Adansonia: recueil périodiqued’observations 26:304.1918, 6:248.1966. Species Plantarum

Hurcombe (= fi BurttDavy fi Cynodon arcuatus ne greenleaves lineartolinear-triangular, = Digitaria radiata ne denseuniformturf,brightgreento 1:272.1825, ) 13:19.1947. Falona Journal oftheBombayNatural His- (Rang.& Tadulingham) C.E.C. Systema Vegetabilium 38.1821, BurttDavy) (alsospelled Rang.& Tadul.; kynos Adans., Flora ofthePresidency of Cynodon dactylon , . 72.1753and Cynodon dactylon Reliquiae Haenkeanae (Roth)Spreng.) J.Presl; kyon Systema Vegetabilium, fl “adog”and Phalona exed atmaturity, Cynodonlep- Cynodon dac- 2:411.1817, Journal of (L.)Pers. cynosura,

Genera mage- 1921: oura (L.) 559 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC toration Ecology 2004, leaves linearand brane-like, sheathsnotkeeled androundedontheback, nodes hollow, leaves nonauriculate,liguleobtuseandmem- unbranched, culmnodesexposed andglabrous,culminter- 560 77. Feb2003, 242. 2003, tributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Journal of Applied Ecology 2002, Dec 2000, Oct 2000, 2001, Taxon 2004, Oct 2003, tems.], lands: areview ofimplicationsforruminantlivestock sys- June 1999[Hayproductionfromlowland seminaturalgrass- 1-18. Mar1999, Botanica Organ. Pl.Biosyst.(Oslo) June 2004, England.” natural andcreatedmeadows inthe West Midlandsof relating tosoilfertilityandspecies diversity inboth semi- A.R. McCrea,I.C. Trueman andM.A.Fullen,“Factors 2004, Flora Mesoamericana Boletim daSociedadeBroteriana, ser. 2 Zhurn. (Moscow&Leningrad) Techn. Hochschule StiftungRübel 1990, 1883, Belgique 496. 1763, 1964, Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis Novitates BotanicaeetDelectusSeminumHortiBotanici Plantarum Krecz. &Bobrov, type playing waste areas,grasslands,openandgrassyhabitats,lawns and open habitats,weedyplaces,meadows, disturbedground, naturalized elsewhere, cultivated fodder, grazedpastures, brous, 2stigmas,pastureandhaygrasses,weedspecies toothed orbilobedapicallylodicules,3stamens,ovary gla- short orlongawned, paleakeels wingless,2freeand lemmas leatheryorcoriaceouswithapex acutetoawned, narrow, lower glume1-to2-nerved, upperglume 1-nerved, concealed bypersistentsterilespikelets, 2subequalglumes or lower spikelet sterile,bisexual spikelets moreorless tate, spikelets pairedandsessile,innerspikelet fertile,outer panicle spicateandcontracted,spiciformorcapi- 49(2):249.2000, Grass andForage Science Boletim daSociedadeBroteriana, ser. 2 Die Natürlichen P European Journal ofSoilScience Grass andForage Science Journal ofEcology Journal of Applied Ecology Berichte desGeobotanischen InstitutsderEidg. fi Functional Ecology 114.1823[1824], 137:1-42.1999, elds, similarto European Journal ofSoilScience 1:59-60,72-73.1753, Journal of Applied Ecology Journal of Applied Ecology Journal of Applied Ecology Global Change Biology Journal of Applied Ecology Observations surlesGraminées delaFlore Global Change Biology 11(4):424-435.Dec2003, Grass andForage Science fl at, plantsbisexual, in 6:228-229.1994, Cynosurus cristatus Journal ofEcology fl Lamarckia anzenfamilien 92(5):906-927.Oct2004, Grass andForage Science 39(4):572-583. Aug 2002, Genera Plantarum 26/27:13-14.1997, 13(5):650-660.Oct1999, 59(2): 144-156.June2004, 57(2):82-92.June2002, 57:182-192.1991, 76:1331-1332.1991, Familles desPlantes 1964:23-27.Prague Moenchand 39(2):279-293. Apr 10(2):209-227.Feb 38(2): 253-267. Apr 41(5): 880-887.Oct 37(6):1029-1043. 9(10):1451-1457. 2(2):73.1887and fl 40(1):51-64,65- 55(1): 71-77.Mar 64:35-74.1991, orescence 1-sided 88(5):757-764. 55(2):335-348. L.,see 54(2):99-115. Newslett. Int. 63:153-205. Ibis 3(2):1183. 146(s2): Loliolum Species Opera 54(1): Con- Res- Bot. 48: 2: land grasslands.], between farming practicesandbirdfoodresourcesinlow- 108-114. Nov 2004[Swards andstructure:theinteractions C. echinatus in Spanish:coladeperro in English:cresteddog’s tail,cresteddogtail C. cristatus Australioris Illustrationes Monographicae Botanicus. Editiosecunda purple atthebase,commoninrocky areas,see Mediterranean. Annual, rare,tuftedorloosely tufted, awns ex Steudel) C. coloratus Species 2005. sheaths looseandenlarged toin erect ordecumbentgeniculateatbase,slender, openleaf Southern Europe,Mediterranean. Annual, tuftedorsolitary, echinata and lands, seasonallyinundated dry soils,grassyareaunderwoods, alongroadsides,grass- and cultivated areas,moistandvery wetplaces,dampor for weaving matsandbaskets, aweedyspeciesofwaste production, fodderandpastureespeciallyforsheep,used yellow, fruitnotgrooved, droughtresistant,grown forhay palea hyaline narrowly ovate tonarrowly elliptic,anthers fl spikelets, glumespersistentandkeeled, lemmasoffertile densely overlapping, fertilespikelets surroundedbysterile panicle narrow-oblong tolinearandnotsecund,spikelets fl lobed andblunt,sheathssmoothsubcoriaceous,leaves ulate, glabrous,stiff, unbranched,auriclesabsent,ligulenot Eurasia. Perennial,tufted,compact,erectorshortlygenic- margins, see blunt torounded,leaves glabrousand Graminées delaFlore Belgique trails, pasture,ofteninshade, see erous woodlands, well-drainedsoils,alongroadsidesand bare soil,opengrasslands,meadows, openhabitats,conif- disturbed places,crops,hillsides,dampordrysoils, in coloniesandnaturalizedelsewhere, weedofwaste and green, yellow anthers,cultivated, invasive speciesgrowing conspicuously long-awned, palea2-keeled withthekeels glumes persistentnarrow-lanceolate, lemmasconvex and bristle, fertilespikelets surrounded bysterilespikelets, crowded andmostlyinpairs,individual cence very bristlyandalongtopofstem,spikelets densely to ovate-oblong spike-like greento purplepanicle,in schule StiftungRübel ichte desGeobotanischen InstitutsderEidg. Techn. Hoch- orets moreorlesshairyandshortlytovery shortlyawned, at andribbedorgrooved, agreentopurple spike-like Regnum Veg. (L.)Dumort.) L.(

Flora Carniolica,Editio Secunda L.( Lehm. ex Nees( Phleum cristatum 127:41.1993. Falona echinata Functional Ecology 57:182-192.1991, 1:465.1840, fi Cynosurus coloratus elds, openhabitats,swamp fl 114.1823[1824]and ated, auriclesabsent,ligule (L.)Scop.) (L.)Dumort.; Observations surles fl 19(1):27-37.Feb at, ovoid toglobose fl orets above long 439.1841. Florae Africae Newslett. Int. Cynosurus L. Nomenclator 1:57.1771 Phalona Lehm. fl ores- Ber- Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Southwestern Australia. Drysandyplaces. C. hirsuta Species lution evolution of panicoidspikelets.” 106, 265.2002,G.H.Rua,“Centothecoidgrassesandthe 1198-1205. 2001, tionary HistoryoftheGrasses.” Botany A.H. Minn,“Phylogenetics ofPaniceae (Poaceae).” Am. J. Bot. (Poaceae): evidence fromthenucleargenephytochrome B.” beth A. Kellogg, “Phylogenetic structure inthegrassfamily 667-688. 1998,SarahMathews, Rocky C. Tsai andEliza- somal DNA (ITS).” Family (Poaceae)Based ontheSequencesofNuclearRibo- terton andK.H. Asay, “A MolecularPhylogeny oftheGrass any Based onSequencesofrDNA.” ular Phylogeny oftheSubfamily Arundinoideae (Poaceae) S.W.L. Jacobs,N.P. Barker andN.J.Chatterton,“A Molec- sequence data.” phorus Nigel P. Barker, “Therelationshipsof Dumortier (Poaceae).” Watson, “ suta glabrous, 2stigmas,openhabitats,type to 7-nerved, paleapresent, 2freelodicules,3stamens,ovary teate spikelets, 2glumesunequal3-to5-nerved, lemma5- in row, ligulefringed,leaves mostlybasal,plantsbisexual, sedge-like, solid,auriclesabsent,setaceousleafbladesnar- Centothecoideae, perennial,tufted,herbaceous,erect, One species, Australia. Arundinoideae, Cyperochloeae,or chloe, chloa From theGreek Cyperochloa Lazarides&L. Watson mas, see Israel. Laxin (Desf.) Jir. &Chrtek; Organ. Pl.Biosyst.(Oslo) Cyperochloa Lazarides&L.Watson icae ex Universitate Carolinae C. elegans rough dogstail,dog’s tailgrass,hedgehog dogtail bristly dog’s tailgrass,cresteddog’s tail,roughdog’s tail, in English:dogtail,bristleddog’s tail,bristly dog’s tail, 249. 2000. fl orescence paniculatecapitatespatheatecontracted,brac- 11(1):41-52.1998,C.Hsiao,S.W.L. Jacobs,N.J.Chat- Lazarides&L. Watson, seeMichaelLazaridesandL. 240(1-4):83-89.2003. and 88(11):1988-1992.2001,E.A.Kellogg, “Evolu- Flora Atlantica Cyperochloa Lazarides&L. Watson Desf.( 87:96-107.2000,M.R.Duvall, J.D.Nolland “grass,younggrass.” Cyperochloa fl orescence, awns silky andlongerthanlem- kypeiron, kyperos, kypeiros Telopea Cynosurus junceus Flora of Australia Australian SystematicBotany Falona juncea , anew genusinthe Arundinoideae Brunonia 1:182.1789and 7(3):205-213.1997,C.Hsiao, (Poaceae)assuggestedbyrbcL 26/27:13-14.1997, 1964:26.1964. Plant SystematicsandEvo- Australian SystematicBot- 9(2):216.1987[1986], Plant Physiology (Murb.) Jir. &Chrtek) Murb.; 43:27,28,97,104, Amphipogon Cyperochloa hir- Novitates Botan- Falona elegans “asedge”and Taxon 11(5-6): , 125(3): Elytro- 49(2): Am. J. Camus, Hollandiae and Zeitschrift From theGreek Cyphochlaena Hackel From theGreek Nees Cypholepis Chiov. cariensis absent, ligulefringed,plantsbisexual, in iceae, annualorperennial,trailing,herbaceous,auricles About 2species,Madagascar. Panicoideae, Panicodae, Pan- in fl subequal, lemmathinlycoriaceous,shortawnless palea,2 membrane, plantsbisexual, spikelets ceous, unarmed,caespitose,denselytufted,liguleafringed Cypholepis yemenica One species, Africa. Chloridoideae,Eragrostideae,type “scale.” de France d’Oware related to 3 stamens,ovary glabrous,2stigmas,indampplaces, lower lemmamembranous,paleapresent,2freelodicules, awn, lower lemmagibbous,malespikelet upperglumeand glume coriaceous,lower glumewithadeciduousapical spikelets laterallycompressed,2glumessubequal,upper unilateral racemes,paireddimorphicspikelets, female d’Histoire Naturelle secunda 1908, ario delRealeIstitutoBotanico diRoma C. madagascariensis Species Mem. Torrey Bot.Club odique d’observationsbotanique, n.s. torischen Museumsin Wien Camus; Madagascar. Camus; C. sclerioides Gartens undMuseumszuBerlin Madagascar. See rensis eshy lodicules,3stamens,2stigmas,smoothgrains,often Coelachyrum chlaena Boivin ex A. Camus; Kirkia 1:394.1840, Panicum sclerioides Oplismenus nossibensis 2:14.1807[1810], Hack.,see Pseudechinolaena Sclerolaena 72:175-176,622.1925, 51: 465.1901, 410.1810and “cloak.” 3:117,131-134.1963, (A.Camus)Bosser( kyphos kyphos , see Notizblatt desKöniglichen botanischen 31:390.1925, Species Plantarum (Schweinf.)Chiov., perennial,herba- Hack.( Linnaea NomenclatorBotanicus. Editio 23:1-97,126-130.1977. A. Camus A. “bent,curved, tumour”and = “bent,curved, humped,tumour” Bulletin delaSociétéBotanique Coelachyrum Sclerolaena comorensis 75:23.1971[1972]. , type Boivin ex A. Camus) = Österreichische Botanische 16(2):221.1842and Boivinella comorensis Prodromus Florae Novae Boivinella 7:53.1917. Mez; Cyphochlaena madagas- Boivinella sclerioides Adansonia: recueil péri- Annalen desNaturhis- Bulletin duMuséum 5:411-413.1965, fl fl 1:55.1753, Sclerolaena como- attened, 2glumes orescence spicate, Hochst.& 8(3):357-358. A. Boivin) Annu- Flore lepis 561 A. A. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC keeled, leafbladesnarrowly linear, narrow in erect orgeniculate,ascending,withoutstolons,sheaths Yemen, Arabia. Annual orperennial,slender, denselytufted, Tropical East Africa, South Africa, Ethiopia,Somalia, tonii Chiov.; Pseudechinolaena (Schweinf.) S.M.Phillips; to linear-lanceolate, plantsbisexual, in brane-like moreorlessfringed,leaves lanceolatetoovate nodes, internodeshollow, auriclesabsent,liguleamem- branched, stoloniferousordecumbentandrootingfromthe Panicinae, annualorperennial, leafy, creeping,herbaceous, coideae, Panicodae, Isachneae, orPanicoideae, Paniceae, About 11-12species,Old World tropics,SriLanka.Pani- ing tothenatureoffruits,gibbousspikelets. Greek Cyrtococcum Stapf See Cyrenea F. Allam. C. yemenica Species 562 and Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat.Cur. 1982, l’Herbier Boissier sandstone, limestone,openstony ground,see Annali diBotanica Reale IstitutoBotanicodiRoma cellaneous InformationKew open areas,in ceous andobtuse,growing onredsandysoil,grassland, cate, glumeslanceolate-oblong1-nerved, lemmascoria- elliptic tonarrowly lanceolate-elliptic, racemose, erectracemesspaced,7-to12- compressed andasymmetricallyobovate orgibbous, or lessloosepanicleopencontracted,spikelets laterally 2, lower 1920, Tropical Africa tarum tococcum setigerum species, lowland, openareas, related to species, native pasturespecies,lower montaneforest, shade cules, 3stamens,ovary glabrous,2plumosestigmas,weed laterally compressed,paleapresent,2freeand lemmas boat-shaped,lower lemmaobtuse,upper shorter thanthespikelets, upperglume nerved andobtuse, crest ontheupper Genera Graminum Stapf) Nova Acta Leop.-Carol. Nat.Cur. 1:55.1753, Grass. Saudi Arabia J. Bot. kyrtos Eragrostis yemenica fl oret sterile,upper (Schweinf.)Chiov. ( “curved, arched”and 69:55.1931, Acacia 9:15.(July)1917and745-746. (Aug) 2(App.2):41.1894and 10:410.1912, fl (P. Beauv.) Stapf,see oret, 2glumesmoreorlessequaland Syst. Veg. scrub,openshrubland,rocky places, Stapf 376.1999. = 274.1989. Eleusine yemensis fl Schweinf.; Repert. Spec.Nov. Regni Veg. 6:223.1907, Loxostachys oret perfectorbisexual, small 2: 884.1817and Coelachyrum Kew Bulletin 8(3):357-358.1908, kokkos fl Panicum fl orets closelyimbri- 4:94.1770[also fl Leptochloa apple- orescence amore owered, spikelets “aberry,” allud- Bulletin ofMis- Peter, Species Plan- Annuario del (Schweinf.)

37(1):159. fl Bulletin de yemenicum fl , type eshy lodi- orescence Flora of fl orets Cyr- ] non (L.) A. Camus; sheaths keeled, paniclesopenand diffuse, upper creeping, prostrate,rootingfromthelower nodes,leaf Southern India,SriLanka.Perennial,erect,decumbent, parte, nonL.) C. deccanense in Ivory Coast:bikakosiré Foreign Africae tarum Glumacearum 1810, 1: 49,82.1804, illeg., non 1753, ical application,forestshade,see Tropical Africa. Perennial, loose,delicate,ascending,mag- oxyphyllum C. oxyphyllum Presl, nom.illeg., non Napper; C. multinode … 291.1960. 256. 1956, Handb. Fl.Ceylon ted, forestshade,mountains,jungle,dampplaces,see 4: 747.1796, See Tropical Africa. Kirkia C. accrescens Species States NationalHerbarium Australia Durand &Schinz; setigerum C. chaetophoron f. 3.1992. erally andfalling withglumes,see Australia. Upperglume3-nerved, spikelets compressedlat- C. capitis-york in Thailand: yaangaat, yaaraat et Geobotanica Icon. Pl. National d’Histoire Naturelle Graminum large andopenin Asia. Perennial,decumbent,rootingfromthelower nodes, cum setigerum Schult.; 328-329. 1994, Beih. 40(1):203, Anh. 55.1930, Observationes Botanicae 3:126.1963, Systema Vegetabilium 5:739.1896and 69(2):55.1931. Panicum jardinii 31(4):subt.3096.1922, Panicum multinode 43:113,277.2002, (P. Beauv.) Stapf; 1:t.88.1828[1827]and Panicum setigerum Grasses ofCeylon Hochst.ex Steud.; Reliquiae Haenkeanae (Trin.) Stapf( (Lam.)Clayton( Bor( Retz.; B.K.Simon 11(1):47-48.1942. (Hochstetterex Steudel)Stapf( Am. J. Bot. Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae (Roem.&Schult.)Dandy( 5:159.1900, fl orescence, foddergrass,see 1:95.1854[1855], Cyrtococcum patens Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique Kew Bulletin Panicum chaetophorum Panicum patens Panicum setigerum Panicum multinode Steud.; Journal ofBotany, Britishand 46:169,285,542-543.2003. 88:1993-2012.2001, 2:884.1817, Lam.; Panicum accrescens Contributions from theUnited 120.1956, 27(1):118.1921, Retz.) 4:15.1786, Isachne jardinii Panicum pilipes Panicum patens Panicum cyrtococcoides Species Plantarum Flora Mesoamericana Kew Bulletin 33(1):22.1978. Austrobaileya Acta Phytotaxonomica 1(4-5):303.1830and Panicum multinode Bulletin duMuséum sensuHook.f.,pro Conspectus Florae Grasses ofBurma Cyrenea F. Allam. sensuSenaratna, P. Beauv., nom. Lam.) Synopsis Plan- Flore d’Oware Cyrtococcum 1956:255- Roem.& 3(4):592, Trin.) L.; (Steud.) fl Nees& Hooker’s Panicum Flora of oret pit- Species 1:58. Pani- 196. 6: J. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Geobotanica Handb. Fl.Ceylon l’Indo-Chine and pubescent, below, leafbladeslanceolate,leaves moreorlessappressed minutely ciliolate,sheathsandbladesoftendenselyhairy ing, rootingatthenodes,leafsheathskeeled atthetip,ligule lia. Perennial,weedspecies,slender, prostrate,erect,creep- Southeast Asia, China,India,Indonesia,SriLanka, Austra- (Greek Mus. Hist.Nat. 99. 1901, Arnott ex Büse,nom.illeg., non Spreng. Cyrtopogon 1904), J. Nat.Hist. dii 1821, and radicans ens Panicum obliquum non lets pubescent,lower lax andopenin with hairymargins, leaves lanceolateandacuminate,very rooting atlower nodes,liguleglabrous,leafsheathsmooth scrambling, low, prostrate, decumbent,erect,frequently Southeast andtropical Asia, India.Perennial,creeping, carinatum 3096. 1922, Ceylon ing Wild inCeylon of theFloweringPlantsandFerns Indigenous toorGrow- 1854, Henry Trimen (1843-1896), Ceylon macearum radicans Stapf; C. patens of plantations, inforestclearings,easilyconfusedwithspecies sterile glumeskeeled, foddergrass,inforestshade,oldtaro tracted, asymmetricalspikelets darkorangeandshining, very denseandnarrow panicleslongpilose,con- areas, confusedwith at theedgeofwoods, secondary growth, swamps, open weed species,native pasture species,goodfodder, common glume ovate, lemmawith hairymargins, palealeathery, vationes Botanicae tema Naturae, EditioDecima Camus, see plantarum speciespraesertim Indiaeorientalis 433. 1817, Albrecht Wilhelm Roth(1757-1834), L.; Oplismenus Handb. Fl.Ceylon Panicum carinatum Cyrtococcum muricatum Die Flora vonKaiser Wilhelms Land 5:158.1900, 120.1956, oxys Panicum patens Retz.; (Retz.)Stapf; (L.) A. Camus( Reliquiae Haenkeanae J.Presl; 1:65.1854, Fragmenta Florae Philippinae “sharp”and Species Plantarumedition 1:137.1835,KarlMoritzSchumann(1851- 7:465.1922, 11(1):47-48.1942, Handb. Fl.Ceylon (Paris) 27(1):118.1921, P. Beauv., see fl Paspalum carinatum fl orescence withspreadingbranches,spike- owering stemsascending,in Rothex Roem.&Schult.; 6:322.1931, Grasses ofBurma 4:18.1786, 105.Colombo1885and Panicum carinatum fl Hooker’s IconesPlantarum 5:159.1900, oret sterile,upper Cyrtococcum trigonum Panicum accrescens J.Presl; forma Cyrtococcum accrescens phyllon Plantae Junghuhnianae Hooker’s Icon.Pl. 846,855,1359.1759, latifolium (Retz.)Bor; 6:322.1931, 1(4-5):309.1830, Synopsis PlantarumGlu- Panicum muricatum “leaf”) Acta Phytotaxonomicaet Systema Vegetabilium A SystematicCatalogue Panicum pilipes Journal ofthe Arnold Botanisk Tidsskrift (J.Presl)K.Schum.) …291.1960. 1.1:58.1753, Torr., nom.illeg., fl Flore Générale de Honda; 143.1904, oret pitted,lower 21.Berlin1889 Trin.; t.3096.1922, Panicum pat- Cyrtococcum (Retz.) A. . Halbersta- Handb. Fl. fl Grasses of orescence (Trinius) 31(4):t. 3:376. Panicum Panicum Nees) Boston Obser- Retz.; Novae Bull. Sys- 24: 2: C. trigonum in Thailand: dokhaangraet, yaangaat, yaaraat,yuung 27: 118.1921. 1854 and acuminate, openin sheath smoothwithhairymargin, leaves lanceolateand prostrate, erect,rootingatlower nodes,liguleglabrous,leaf Southeast Asia, SriLanka.Perennial,creeping,matted, Peter; 376. 1854, See Thailand. Southeast Asia, non Steud.; 257. 1994, hermaphroditum C. pilipes in India:mannakkipullu Boletim doInstitutodeBotânica (SãoPaulo) 1994, dollea Kurtziana Vegetabilium, editiodecimasexta in Japan:hime-chigo-zasa(=little Grasses ofBurma Arboretum of theMissouriBotanicalGarden 1: 41.1803, f.14/1. 1930[1931], Grasses ofCeylon Species Plantarum see or Aristidoideae,Aristideae, Arundinoideae, Aristideae, beard.” From theGreek Curtopogon Cyrtopogon Spreng. rium SpecierumNovarum Regni Vegetabilis, Beihefte C. trigonum in India:abbu garike 1960. 27: 118.1921, Handb. Fl.Ceylon Indigenous toorGrowing Wild inCeylon Systematic Catalogue oftheFloweringPlantsandFerns Vegetabilium Pl. fused with growth, swamps, alongpaths,openareas,similarandcon- common attheedgeofwoods, alongroadsides,secondary Southeast Asia, Celebes.See edition 1.1:58.1753, Panicum pilipes Flora ofEthiopiaandEritrea 53(2):466-470.1998, Panicum difforme Panicum pilipes Bulletin duMuséumNationald’Histoire Naturelle 1:123-206.1961, (Nees& Arn. ex Büse) A. Camus( 29:286.1948, Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Synopsis PlantarumGlumacearum Cyrtococcum patens Ess. Agrostogr. (Retz.) A. Camusvar. 2:433.1817, (Retz.) A. Camus( P. Beauv. Hooker’s Icon.Pl. Steud.; 5:157.1900, …291-292.1960. kyrtos 120.1956, fl 1:82.1753, orescence, shadespecies,foddergrass, Nees) Handb. Fl.Ceylon Nees& Arn. ex Büse,nom.illeg., Roth; “curved, arched”and Grasses ofCeylon Panicum oxyphyllum = Obs. Bot. 32, 159,t.8,f.7.1812, Enum. Pl.Zeyl. Flora Mesoamericana Reinwardtia Aristida Panicum trigonum Grasses ofBurma Bot. Rev. Bull. Mus.Hist.Nat. Plantae Junghuhnianae (L.) A. Camus,see Flora Boreali-Americana 82:593-595.1995, 1:266.1824[1825]and t.3096.1922, Loxostachys lachnantha 7:76-85.1995, celebicum Isachne 3:9.1783, L., 64:1-85.1998, 2(2):258.1953. 6:322.1931, 105.1885and 120-121.1956, ) 359.1864, 12:113-179. Jansen Hochst.ex 1:65,67. pogon Retz.) …292. Reperto- Panicum 3:1-35. Systema Systema 6:253- (Paris) Annals 1:55, Can- 563 “a Sp. 3: A Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 04:50 01 Oct 2021; For: 9781420003222, chapter3, 10.1201/9781420003222.ch3 © 2006byTaylor &FrancisGroup, LLC Ledeb., Flora Lapponica 48: 245-256.2003. Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium in syn.sub Pooideae, Poodae, Aveneae, orPooideae,Poeae, Airinae, Deschampsia Czerniaevia Turcz. exGriseb. tographiae Flora Lapponica in syn.sub Pooideae, Poodae, Aveneae, orPooideae,Poeae, Airinae, Czerniaevia (Ledeb.) Ledeb. 1999, 564 Agrostographie 104, 166,169.2003. tions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium Acta BotánicaMexicana Deschampsia 158.1820, Deschampsia bottnica Deschampsia bottnica 91,149,160.1812, P. Beauv. 1:36,t.4.1812, 1:36,t.4.1812, Flora Rossica P. Beauv. 63:1-45.2003, var. var. (Wahlenb.) Trin., see 4(13):422.1852and Essai d’uneNouvelle Essai d’uneNouvelle = Fundamenta Agros- = Czerniaevia melicoides Contribu- 46:69- (?),see

169, 537-539.2003. tributions from theUnited StatesNationalHerbarium UniversityShenyang Agricultural Aquatic Plantsof Australia 113-117. 1967, nische Botanik… (1817-1908), the LinneanSocietyBot. Plantarum Glumacearum Fundamenta Agrostographiae 48: 242,245-256.2003. Contributions from theUnitedStatesNationalHerbarium tographiae 1817, Botanik 1753, see Arundinoideae, Arundineae, Czernya Presl Agrostographie Familles desPlantes Cyperaceae etGramineae Siculae 1(3):37.1798, 158.1820, Deutsche Flora. Pharmaceutisch-medici- 91,149,160.1812, Taxon 379. Berlin1881and = Phragmites Flora Rossica 17:168-169.1968,H.I. Aston, 19:112.1881,HermannKarsten Systema Vegetabilium 1:197.1855[1854], 2:34,559.1763, . 207-210.1973, 134.1820[1822], Czerniaevia (Ledeb.) Ledeb. Species Plantarum 24(2):89-94.1993, Adans. 4(13):422.1852and Fundamenta Agros- Kew Bulletin … Pragae 1820, Archiv fürdie 2:29,501. Journal of Journal of Synopsis 1:81. Con- 21: 46: