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Historia Destructionis Troiae Guido Delle ,,Calonne Historia Destructionis Troiae Guido delle ,,Calonne TRANSLATED WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES by Mary Elizabeth Meek INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS BLOOMINGTON· LONDON 1974 Translator's Note This is a translation of the only modern edition of the Historia Destructionis Troiae, that of Nathaniel Edward Griffin, published by the Mediaeval Academy of America in 1936. It is a literal translation, intended to facilitate use of the Latin text as well as the vernacular works stemming from it. In the case of proper names, it has seemed best to use the conventional Anglicized Latin forms, as Aeneas for Heneas, especially for the characters and places familiar to us from classical literature. Occasionally the textual form is kept, as in the catalogues of the heroes in which all kinds of garbled readings occur, or as in the case of Briseida, whose name and character have almost nothing to do with the classical Briseis. I should like to express my appreciation for the inspiration of the Copyright© 1974 by Indiana University Press three teachers under whom the translation was begun: Professors William ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Alfred, F. P. Magoun, Jr., and B. J. Whiting; for the assistance and advice of my friends and colleagues Alfred David, James W. Halporn, Jack F. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or Kottemann, Clarence H. Miller, Paul Strohm, and Ian Thomson; and for by an~ means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and re_cordmg, or by any information and storage and retrieval system the grant from Indiana University which financed the work in its later w1t?ou~ permission in writing from the publisher. The American ' stages. I am also much indebted to Professor Graydon W. Regenos for Uruver~1ty Press_es' Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only calling my attention to some oversights in the translation and for sug­ except10n to this prohibition_ gesting many improvements. Finally, I am most grateful to my mother, Elizabeth Woodward Meek, for fue help that she gave me in the prepara­ Published in Canada by Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd Don Mill o t - L-b , -, s, n ano tion of the manuscript. 1 rary of Congress Catalog Card No_ 72-85603 ISBN 0-253-32740-7 This volume is No_ 71 in the Indiana University Humanities Series_ Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Mary Elizabeth Meek MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA May, 1973 Contents Translator's Note v Introduction xi Prologue-Guido's decision to translate Dares and Dictys 1 Book I-Peleus induces Jason to seek the Golden Fleece 3 Book II-Jason and Hercules reach Troy and are forbidden to land by Laomedon 9 Book III-Medea teaches Jason how 1:0 overcome the perils of the Golden Fleece 21 Book N-Hercules assembles the Greeks to take vengeance upon Laomedon; the first destruction of Troy and capture of H~ooo TI Book V-Troy is rebuilt by Priam, and Antenor is sent to Greece to negotiate the restoration of Hesione 42 Book VI-Priam's decision to send Paris to Greece and Paris' report of his dream of judging the beauty of Venus, Juno, and Pallas 54 Book VII-Paris abducts Helen 65 Book VIII-The Greeks plan to avenge Helen's abduction. Catalogues of Greek and Trojan heroes 78 Book IX-Catalogue of Greek ships 86 Book X-The Greeks send to the Delphic oracle to discover the outcome of the war. The desertion of Calchas. Digression on the origin of idolatry 88 Book XI-The Greeks leave Athens and establish a base at Tenedos 96 vii ix viii Contents Contents Book XXV-The tenth battle. The deaths of Deiphobus and Book XII-The Greeks send Ulysses and Diomedes to negotiate Palamedes. Paris and Troilus order the Greek ships set on the return of Helen 101 fire. Achilles continues to refuse to fight 182 Book XIII-The Greeks send Achilles and Telephus to secure Book XXVI-The eleventh battle. Troilus wounds Diomedes provisions for the Greek army. The conquest of Messa 107 and reproaches him for his love of Briseida. Briseida decides Book XIV-The Greeks establish the siege of Troy. The death to yield to Diomedes when he has recovered. The of Protesilaus 114 eighteenth battle. Achilles returns to the fighting and kills Book XV-The second battle. The marshalling of the Greek Troilus 189 and Trojan battalions. Hector kills Patroclus 123 Book XXVII-The burial of Troilus. Hecuba arranges for Paris Book XVI-The third battle. Troilus is captured by Diomedes to kill Achilles in the Temple of Apollo. Paris wounds but rescued 142 Ajax fatally but is killed by him 198 Book XVII-The fourth battle. Paris wounds Menelaus. Book XXVIII-The arrival of Penthesilea and the Amazons. Hector captures Thoas 145 Menelaus brings Pyrrhus to the Greek army, and Pyrrhus 203 Book XVIII-The fifth battle. Epistrophus brings a centaur kills Penthesilea to fight for the Trojans, but he is killed by Diomedes. Book XXIX-Aeneas and Antenor plot to betray Troy 209 Antenor is captured 149 Book XXX-The capture and destruction of Troy and the Book XIX-The sixth battle. A truce, during which Hector deaths of Priam, Hecuba, and Polyxena 219 visits Achilles and they try unsuccessfully to arrange that Book XXXI-The exile of Aeneas, the dismissal of Antenor the war be decided by a duel between them. The exchange from Troy, and the death of Ajax Telamonius 228 of Thoas and Antenor. Calchas asks that Briseida be sent to Book XXXII-The shipwreck of the returning Greeks and the him. The grief of Troilus and Briseida at parting. Briseida's 236 arrival at the Greek camp and the beginning of Diomedes' death of Agamemnon courtship 153 Book XXXIII-Orestes avenges the death of Agamemnon and 243 Book XX-The seventh battle. Diomedes unhorses Troilus and regains his kingdom sends the horse to Briseida 160 Book XXXIV-The return of Pyrrhus and his death 252 Book XXI-The eighth battle. The Chamber of Beauty. Book XXXV-The death of Ulysses 259 Andromache's dream that Hector will be slain. Achilles kills Notes 267 &ctm IM 307 Book XXII-The burial of Hector. Palamedes supersedes Bibliography Agamemnon as Greek commander 169 Index 312 Book XXIII-The ninth battle. The death of the King of Persia. Achilles falls in love with Polyxena 174 Book XXIV-Achilles agrees not to fight in order to gain Polyxena for a wife 178 Introduction The Historia Destructionis Troiae by Judge Guido delle Colonne of Messina 1 was completed, as its author tells us in his epilogue, in November of 1287. Guido states that it is the authentic history of the Trojan War based upon the eyewitness accounts of Dictys of Crete and Dares the Phrygian. However, as has long been known, it is actually a Latin prose paraphrase, and in many instances a fairly close translation, of the Roman de Troie, a French romance in octosyllabic couplets written more than a hundred years earlier by Benoit de Sainte-Maure.2 Despite this fact, the Historia was immediately accepted for what it purported to be, was widely copied and translated, and did not lose its reputation for authenticity until the eighteenth century, when its supposed sources fell into discredit. There may be as many as one hundred and fifty manuscripts of it, and one of them, in the Saltykov-Shchedrin Library in Leningrad, bears the signatures of the English kings Richard III, James I, and Charles I, as well as the signature of Oliver Cromwell.3 Eight printed editions appeared in the last quarter of the fifteenth century. During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries it was translated several times into French, German, and English. There are also versions in Spanish, Flemish, and Bohemian; one German version appeared as early as 1392, and an Italian one as late as 1665. A French translation of it was made by Raoul le Fevre for his Recueil des Histoires de Troie, an English version of which was the first English book printed by Caxton and served as a source for Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida. Boccaccio's Filostrato, while derived principally from the Roman de Troie, also shows use of the Historia; Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde, adapted from the Filostrato, is indebted to both the Roman and the Historia, and Lydgate's Troy Book is a metrical paraphrase of the Historia with occasional use of the Roman. 4 The Historia is not only the chief means by which the medieval Troy story was transmitted to later times; it is also the culmination of the xi xii Historia Destructionis Troiae Introduction xiii development of that story. In medieval Europe, when Greek was no back, and the mustering of the Greek troops, all of which Dictys says is longer read, Homer's work was known only through the flias Latina, a based on the report of IBysses; he then goes on to describe the events of Latin abridgment of the fliad attributed to Pindar, but it played no real the war, the fall of Troy, and the return of the Greeks as these things part in the creation of the medieval concept of Troy. Western Europeans were observed by him. Dares' Historia, while covering twice as much were more interested in the Trojans than the Greeks because they believed material as the Ephemeris, is only one-fourth as long and is little better that Europe had been colonized by Aeneas and other Trojan refugees. than an outline. It begins with the expedition of the Argonauts who were Accordingly, the preferred sources for Troy material were the Aeneid, of refused permission to land in Troy by Laomedon and who, after the which Guido makes appropriate use on several occasions, and, more acquisition of the Golden Fleece, returned to Troy and destroyed the important, Dictys' Ephemeris Belli Troiani (despite its Greek bias) and city, carrying off Laomedon's sister in the process and thus motivating the Dares' De Excidio Troiae Historia, both of which Guido claims to have abduction of Helen.
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