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Unidad Educativa Javier UNIDAD EDUCATIVA JAVIER BGU “Corruption in Latin American countries, such as: Ecuador and Venezuela and its impact in the region.” By: Javier Cali Orellana Advisor: Mario Cadena 3rd BGU section “C” 2017-2018 1 GRATITUDE I want to thank God, my parents, teachers and colleagues and all those who have made the required education possible with the best implements and research methods required to make this monograph in the best way. 2 SUMMARY This monograph is based on a study of corruption in Latin American countries such as Ecuador and Venezuela and how this affects other countries in the region, is based on real information and verified with statistics and graphics where the level of corruption is demonstrated by countries and possible solutions that can be given to eradicate this social problem. Presenting here the monograph named: "Corruption in Latin American countries such as: Ecuador and Venezuela and its impact in the region." 3 INDEX Contenido _Toc502848393GRATITUDE ................................................................................................. 2 SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 6 An overview of corruption ..................................................................................................... 8 1.1. General knowledge about corruption. .......................................................................... 8 1.2 Definition and concept of the corruption. ..................................................................... 9 1.2.1 Emergence and reasons for corruption. ................................................................... 10 1.3. Latin American countries with high levels of corruption. ......................................... 12 1.4 consequences of corruption. ....................................................................................... 13 1.4.1 Political consequences. ............................................................................................ 13 1.4.2 Economic consequences. ......................................................................................... 14 1.4.3 Social consequences. ............................................................................................... 15 1.5 measures to combat corruption. .................................................................................. 16 Analysis of problems of corruption in Ecuador: odebretch case .......................................... 17 2.1 Odebretch case and Ecuadorian politicians involved. ................................................ 17 4 2.1.1 Arrival of Odebretch in Ecuador in 1987 ................................................................ 17 2.1.2 USA links to Ecuador in case of corruption. (2016) ................................................ 17 2.1.3 Raids in Ecuador (June of 2017) .............................................................................. 18 2.2 Panama paper: repercussion in Ecuador ..................................................................... 18 Examine corrupt cases arising in Venezuela. ....................................................................... 20 3.1 Corruption in Venezuela. ............................................................................................ 20 3.2 Lack of freedom of expression in the Venezuelan village. ......................................... 22 3.1.2 Newspapers and news broadcasts cease to publish by restrictions and taxes .......... 22 3.3 Spending on weapons much greater than the power supply. ...................................... 23 3.3.1 Spending on riot ....................................................................................................... 24 3.3.2 Defense budget ........................................................................................................ 25 Monograph Survey ............................................................................................................... 26 4.1 Survey tables ............................................................................................................... 26 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................. 36 Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 37 References: ........................................................................................................................... 38 5 INTRODUCTION In the monograph with the theme: "Corruption in Latin American countries such as: Ecuador and Venezuela and its impact in the region." The author focuses on analyzing the big problem that has always existed, but which nowadays has seriously increased above all, as it is mentioned, in Latin American countries where corruption has made greater impact and affect other countries of the continent. The considerable increase in this problem among these countries is what has interested the author that analyses and evaluate the problem. This issue is of vital importance because in addition of the increasing at large scales in recent years, it is something that leads to several changes and political, social, structural, economic consequences among others, within the model carrying a country for govern and legislate and lead their nation. In addition to consequences that mostly affect the people creating problems in its economy, with the increase in rates of tax and the unemployment rate. Have been several studies from different authors and companies that make analysis and examination of the corruption’s index as it affects this corrupt country and other countries, how high is the corruption in each country, as has increased in recent years, which are the least corrupt countries until the most corrupt in Latin America, all of the above is included in this monograph. For this work the author relied on the aforementioned studies, web information about corruption and campaigns against this, books, showing analysis, also investigations by the Organization of the United Nations, has been also based on a survey of secondary education of the Javier students which examines the views of students which are possible 6 causes and consequences that have been observed in their country of origin and current residence that is one of the issues of where to be treated. This monograph is divided into five chapters, four chapters informative and detailed in order to explain, expose and evaluate the different cases that were raised, their consequences in corrupt countries and neighbor countries, and a final chapter made way a survey, where you will find how much people know about this issue and what is the importance given to this serious problem which the author wanted to demonstrate us how much it affects us in large quantities, and with this want to publicize this issue and the different points of view and perception to what is increasing with the passage of time. 7 Chapter I An overview of corruption 1.1. General knowledge about corruption. Corruption is a serious problem that can occur in any entity, it consists of the manipulation of people or resources to take advantage of them or try to benefit from a work or activity to get more money or better goods from that, for a purpose of non-profit, i.e. about valuing a work for extra profit. “Laws are spider webs through which the big flies pass the little ones get caught.”(Honoré de Balzac, ND). Another definition of corruption would be to use their media and functions of their organizations to take advantage of them and damage the essence of the Mission for which it was created. The Act of corruption is always contradictory for the common good. The antonym of corruption is transparence. Misuse of professionalism could be known as corruption, for example when a doctor, whose career makes good to the society, is carried away by the money, and does its job by the simple made of a financial purpose, it is a case of corruption. 8 1.2 Definition and concept of the corruption. The term corruption comes from the Latin word "corrompere" which means "spoil". From this point we can understand that this word does not connote anything good but rather quite the opposite. In the field of ethics we all can look and feel the corruption when a professional, Such as lawyer, engineer, teacher, abuse their clientele, services, or resources to take advantage services, or resources to take advantage and make more money. With this I’m not trying to be understood that every professional is corrupt, but in any career can be some different kinds of corruption. It defines corruption as the main axis where acts of criminality actually rest, it could be in both of the national and transnational levels. Also it can be interpreted as a way to escape the power controls. In conclusion we can say that corruption means: change the nature, degrading it or making it bad. In ethics this word is related to the belief that there is a nature which changes or degenerates. 9 1.2.1 Emergence and reasons for corruption. Causes by giving or making the Act of corruption or the reasons for corruption which is originated are the following ones: -Lack of humanist values. -Lack of education in values. -Legislative ignorance. -Low level of auto estimates. -Giving more importance to materialism and consumerism. -Lack of social
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