Exam 1 (Practice Test) Anatomy 125 Name______MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The cells that secrete acids that dissolve bone matrix are: A) osteoprogenitor cells B) osteoblasts C) osteocytes D) osteoclasts
2) The bone matrix that surrounds the central canal of the osteon is arranged as: A) circumferential lamellae B) interstitial lamellae C) concentric lamellae D) none of the above
3) The merocrine sweat glands: A) cool the skin by evaporative cooling. B) excrete sweat that dilutes harmful chemicals and has antibacterial properties. C) excrete metabolites and waste products. D) all the above
4) The type of intercellular attachment that anchors and stabilizes the cells and helps them to resist stretching and twisting forces is the: A) tight junction B) gap junction C) desmosome D) focal adhesion
5) Fibrocartilage is found in: A) pubic symphysis B) menisci of the knee C) intervertebral discs D) all of the above
6) The cells that serve as stem cells in bone tissue are: A) osteoclasts B) osteoprogenitor cells C) osteoblasts D) osteocytes
7) Serous membranes are found lining the: A) compartments of the ventral body cavity B) jo int capsules C) digestive and reproductive tracts D) the exterior surface of the body
8) The organelle that forms the basal bodies of cilia and flagella is the: A) centriole B) ribosome C) Golgi apparatus D) peroxisome
9) Cholesterol is a ______found in the ______. A) lipid; chromosome B) lipid; cell membrane C) protein; cell membrane D) glycoprotein; chromosome
10) Cartilage grows by two mechanisms ______growth and ______growth. A) appositional; endochondral B) appositional; interstitial C) embryonic; interstitial D) embryonic; endochondral
11) The crystal that give bone its compressional strength is: A) calcium carbonate B) hydroxysilicate C) hyd roxyalginate D) hydroxyapatite
12) The nucleus has a ______membrane and communicate(s) with the cytoplasm by means of (a) ______. A) double; perinuclear space B) double; nuclear pores C) single; perinuclear space D) single; nuclear pores
13) The cells in the epidermis that initiate an immune response against pathogens and cancer cells is the: A) Langerhans cell B) Merkel cell C) keratinoc yte D) melanocyte
14) Select the gland that secretes hormones: A) exocrine B) endocrine C) apocrine D) sero us
15) Select the cell that represents the "typical" cell: A) sperm cell B) red blood cell C) nerve cell D) none of the above
16) Bone is similar to other connective tissues in that: A) it has a matrix with ground substance and fibers B) it contains elastic fibers C) it is avascular D) it grows by interstitial growth
17) Select the body part that would be medial to the palm of the hand: A) stomach B) elbow C) shoulder D) thumb
18) The fact that epithelial cells have no blood vessels between them is a reflection of the characteristic of: A) avascularity B) cellularity C) regeneration D) polarity
19) Melanocytes, Merkel cells and stem cells are found in the stratum: A) corneum B) basale C) spinosum D) granulos um
20) The center of the hair that consists of soft keratin and that is not always present is the: A) cuticle B) medulla C) matrix D) cortex
21) The cells that occupy lacunae and maintain the protein and mineral content of the surrounding matrix of bone are: A) osteoclasts B) osteoprogenitor cells C) osteocytes D) osteoblasts
22) Peroxisomes: A) contain oxidative enzymes B) produce hydrogen peroxide C) contain catalase D) all of the above
23) The layer that contains capillaries that supply the epidermis with oxygen and nutrients is the: A) reticular layer of the dermis B) stratum basale C) subcutaneous layer D) papillary layer of the dermis
24) The basal lamina (basement membrane) consists of the lamina ______and the lamina ______. A) lucida; basale B) lucida; densa C) reticularis; densa D) spinosum; granulosum
25) During endochondral ossification, the secondary ossification center forms in the: A) growth plate B) diaphysis C) epiphysis D) metaphysis
26) The type of fiber found in connective tissue proper that combines the properties of tensile strength with flexibility is: A) elastic B) keratin C) reticular D) collag en
27) The cuticle is also known as the ______and is a fold of the stratum ______. A) hyponychium; corneum B) hyponychium; spinosum C) eponychium; corneum D) eponychium; spinosum
28) A membrane enclosed space called a cisterna is found in the: A) centrosome B) mitochondrion C) endoplasmic reticulum D) lysosome
29) The fluid within the inner membrane of the mitochondrion is called the: A) vesicle B) cytosol C) cisterna D) matrix
30) Select the earliest stage of intramembranous ossification: A) bone grows in linear extensions called spicules B) remodeling produces compact bone C) enlargement and fusion of spicules forms spongy bone D) mesenchymal cells become osteoblasts
31) The organelle that has a forming face and a maturing face that produces secretory vesicles is the: A) lysosome B) Golgi apparatus C) mitochondrion D) endoplasmic reticulum
32) The protein subunits that form the collagen and elastic fibers found in connective tissue are secreted by: A) mast cells B) fibroblasts C) fixed macrophages D) melanocytes
33) Select the gland that is a true apocrine gland: A) ceruminous gland B) apocrine sweat gland C) mammary gland D) merocrine sweat gland
34) The accessory structures of the skin develop from invaginations of the: A) hypodermis B) dermis C) epidermis D) all of the above
35) The intracellular fluid of the cell that contains a high concentration of dissolved and suspended protein is: A) endoplasm B) cytoplasm C) cytosol D) grou nd substance
36) Ciliated epithelium is typically of the: A) upper respiratory tract B) urinary tract C) digestive tract D) integument
37) The type of epithelium that sometimes lines the ducts of sweat glands and the larger ducts of exocrine glands is______epithelium. A) stratified cuboidal B) pseudostratified columnar C) stratified squamous D) transitional
38) The type of tissue that blood and lymph would be classified as is: A) muscular B) epithelium C) neural D) conne ctive
39) The layer that often contains an abundant number of adipocytes is the: A) subcutaneous layer B) papillary layer C) reticular layer D) none of the above
40) All the cells below are fixed cells of connective tissue proper except: A) mesenchymal cell B) fibrocyte C) melanocyte D) lymphocyte
41) The growth in the length of the bone occurs in the: A) periosteum B) metaphysis C) epiphyseal plate D) articular cartilage
42) The stratum ______consists of layers of dead, flattened and tightly interlocked cells. A) spinosum B) granulosum C) basale D) corne um
43) This molecule gives the ground substance of connective tissue its viscous consistency: A) actin B) hyaluronan C) elastin D) tropoco llagen
44) The side of an epithelial cell that faces the surface or internal space that is lined by the epithelium is the ______surface. A) apical B) lateral C) basolateral D) basal
45) The zone of the epiphyseal growth plate in which the chondrocytes enlarge and mature is the zone of ______cartilage. A) proliferating B) calcified C) resting D) hypertrophic
46) The type of embryonic connective tissue found in the umbilical cord is: A) reticular connective tissue B) adipose tissue C) mucous connective tissue D) areolar connective tissue
47) The plane that is at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the body and divides the body into inferior and superior parts is the ______plane A) transverse B) coronal C) sagittal D) obl ique
48) Exocrine glands that are called mixed glands have a mixture of secretory cells secreting both ______and ______secretions. A) acinar; alveolar B) serous; mucous C) tubul ar; alveolar D) lipid; protein
49) The pericardial cavity is found: A) within the thoracic cavity B) between the pleural cavities C) within the mediastinum D) all of the above
50) The finger -shaped projections of the cell membrane that increase surface area for absorption are called: A) stereocilia B) micovilli C) centrioles D) cilia
1) D 2) C 3) D 4) C 5) D 6) B 7) A 8) A 9) B 10) B 11) D 12) B 13) A 14) B 15) D 16) A 17) A 18) A 19) B 20) B 21) C 22) D 23) D 24) B 25) C 26) D 27) C 28) C 29) D 30) D 31) B 32) B 33) C 34) C 35) C 36) A 37) A 38) D 39) A 40) D 41) C 42) D 43) B 44) A 45) D 46) C 47) A 48) B 49) D 50) B