DOCSLIB.ORG

Role of Basal Lamina in Neoplastic Disorganization of Tissue Architecture (Basement Membrane/Epithelial Cell Polarity/Cell Shape/Immunofluorescence) DONALD E

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Role of Basal Lamina in Neoplastic Disorganization of Tissue Architecture (Basement Membrane/Epithelial Cell Polarity/Cell Shape/Immunofluorescence) DONALD E Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 78, No. 6, pp. 3901-3905, June 1981 Medical Sciences Role of basal lamina in neoplastic disorganization of tissue architecture (basement membrane/epithelial cell polarity/cell shape/immunofluorescence) DONALD E. INGBER*, JOSEPH A. MADRIt, AND JAMES D. JAMIESON* *Section of Cell Biology and tDepartment of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 Communicated by Paul Greengard, March 13, 1981 ABSTRACT We have studied a transplantable carcinoma of ithelial form and orientation in embryogenesis (3) and is main- the rat pancreas [Reddy, J. K. & Rao, M. S. (1977) Science 198, tained throughout adult life. Thus, it is possible that neoplastic 78-80] that is composed ofcytologically differentiated acinar cells disorganization of epithelial architecture as well as malignant that have lost their epithelial orientation and do not form acini. invasion may result either from loss of maintenance of this ep- Light microscopy shows, however, consistent palisading, reorien- ithelial scaffolding or through the acquisition ofsome new trans- tation, and polarization of these cells in areas of contact with the formed cell product that compromises its structural integrity. vasculature. Electron microscopy reveals a normal basal lamina In order to investigate the role of BL in the maintenance of (BL) along the basal portions of repolarized tumor cells that is organized tissue structures as well as neoplastic disorganization, physically separate from the endothelial BL. We used indirect im- we studied rat exocrine munofluorescence to examine the distribution ofBL constituents, have a transplantable carcinoma ofthe laminin (Lm) and type IV collagen (type IV), within the different pancreas as a model system. This tumor is composed of cyto- microenvironments of this tumor. In normal pancreas, Lm and logically differentiated acinar cells that have lost their normal type IV are distributed linearly, outlining acini and blood vessels. epithelial organization. The tumor was discovered, with asso- In the tumor parenchyma, type IV is not detected, whereas Lm ciated metastatic foci, in nafenopin-treated rats in the laboratory appears in a punctate distribution outlining cells. Reorientation of Reddy and Rao (6) and was kindly provided to us for study. of tumor cells is observed only along linearly deposited Lm and As the BL is a complex of different collagenous and noncolla- type IV bordering vessels. These data indicate that this nonme- genous macromolecules, the distribution oftwo ubiquitous BL tastatic tumor has lost the ability to produce or maintain a com- constituents, the glycoprotein laminin (Lm) (7) and type IV col- plete BL within its disorganized parenchyma, while its cells retain lagen (type IV) (8), was studied in both the tumor and normal the capacity to produce and reorganize along linear BL when in pancreas, using indirect immunofluorescence. A preliminary contact with vascular adventitia. We suggest that failure to main- account of these studies has appeared in abstract form (9). tain a complete BL may be involved in the neoplastic disorgani- zation of normal tissue architecture as well as in the breakdown of boundaries during the development of invasive carcinomata. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental System. Weanling male F344 Sprague-Daw- ley rats (Harlan-Sprague-Dawley, Madison, WI) were inocu- Cells in a epithelium are highly organized and commonly ex- lated subcutaneously or intraperitoneally with a mechanically hibit polarized form as well as function. The cells always sit on prepared suspension of the pancreatic acinar carcinoma in is- top ofa continuous basement membranel or basal lamina (BL) otonic saline. All tumors used in this study were between the and are physically separated from the underlying connective 18th and 23rd passage, 1-4 cm in diameter, and displayed con- tissue. A normal adult epithelium is a dynamic structure (1), and sistent growth characteristics and morphology. In our labora- its orderly renewal (e.g., wound healing) requires the continued tory, the tumor grows as a nonmetastatic carcinoma. Normal presence of BL as an extracellular scaffolding or template that pancreas was obtained from either tumor-bearing animals or maintains the original architectural form and assures for accu- non-tumor-bearing animals; the distribution ofLm and type IV rate regeneration ofpreexisting structures (2). was identical in both. An epithelium may escape its normally tight growth con- Light Microscopy. Tissue specimens were fixed in 10% form- straints and produce a less ordered arrangement or piling up aldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (PjNaCl) and embed- of atypical epithelial cells and so result in a disorganization of ded in paraffin, and sections were stained with hematoxylin and epithelial form termed dysplasia. As the epithelium becomes eosin. further disorganized, it reaches the arbitrary point at which it Electron Microscopy. Tumor tissue was fixed by perfusion is termed neoplastic. A histologic specimen ofthis tissue would through the left ventricle with 1% glutaraldehyde/3% (wt/vol) be designated as carcinoma in situ, a premalignant condition, formaldehyde in PJNaCl, treated with osmium tetroxide, as long as there is no morphologic evidence ofinvasion through stained en bloc with uranyl acetate, and embedded in Epon/ the underlying BL. Once physical penetration occurs, the neo- Araldite. Thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and plasm becomes invasive and is malignant, because it is now free lead citrate (10) and were photographed on a Siemens 101 elec- to metastasize. tron microscope. Classically, the BL has been viewed as a host barrier through Fluorescence Microscopy. Tissue was processed according which a malignant tumor must gain the ability to invade. In fact, to the method of Beyer et al. (11) except that specimens were BL is normally a specialized product ofthe overlying epithelial cells (3-5), which also plays a central role as a stabilizer of ep- Abbreviations: BL, basal lamina; Lm, laminin; type IV, type IV colla- gen; PJNaCl, phosphate-buffered saline. The publication costs ofthis article were defrayed in part by page charge t "Basement membrane" is a light-microscopic term that at the level payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertise- of electron microscopy refers to a basal lamina plus adjacent connec- ment" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. tive tissue matrix. 3901 Downloaded by guest on October 1, 2021 3902 Medical Sciences: Ingber et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci..USA 78 (1981) quenched after fixation with NaBH4 at 1 mg/ml in P/NaCl for center. Thus, examination of each acinus reveals a central area 40 min and placed either into'2 M sucrose/PJNaCl or in Tissue filled with zymogen granules surrounding a centroacinar lumen Tek embedding medium. Tissue in sucrose was handled ac- as well as a peripheral arrangement ofthe basally located nuclei cording to the method of Tokuyasu (12) and semithin sections along the outer margin of the acinus. (0.5-1.0 ,um) were cut at -90'C on a Sorvall MT-2B ultrami- On the other hand, the acinar cell tumor is characterized by crotome with a cryotomy attachment. Sections (2-4 ,um) of the a highly disorganized parenchyma with no evidence ofobvious tissue embedded in Tissue Tek were cut at -30'C on a Damon/ cell orientation (Fig. lb). However, consistent palisading and IEC cryostat. reorientation oftumor cells can be seen in areas ofdirect contact Methods for preparation of our antibodies to Lm and type with the vasculature. IV in rabbits, their characterization, and localization within BL Electron microscopy best displays this arrangement of cells have been published (13, 14). A fluorescein-conjugated sheep within the tumor. Epithelial cell repolarization can clearly be anti-rabbit immunoglobulin was used for detection of the pri- seen in tumor cells that line up along the abluminal side of a mary antibodies (13). Control experiments with preimmune tumor vessel because their nuclei are consistently located in serum in the first step or fluorescein-conjugated immunoglob- their basal portions while the zymogen granules fill the apical ulin alone were consistently negative. Localizations were done regions (Fig. 2a). Cells in the parenchyma of the tumor, how- on specimens from seven separate animals on seven different ever, are highly disorganized in that the apex ofone acinar tu- occasions and all findings were confirmed on cryostat sections mor cell is often abnormally juxtaposed with the basal or apical offrozen unfixed material. portion ofa neighbor. No centroacinar lumina or ductular struc- We used a Zeiss photomicroscope II equipped with phase- tures have been observed. While BL is not seen between the contrast optics and an epifluorescence illuminator containing cells within the tumor parenchyma (see also figure 4 in ref. 15), appropriate filters for fluorescein isothiocyanate. Images were a BL with characteristic morphology is closely apposed, to the recorded on Ektachrome 400 film. basal portions of the tumor cells in areas of cell repolarization adjacent to vascular adventitia (Fig. 2b). The tumor'BL and that RESULTS of the vessel are physically separated from each other by con- nective tissue matrix, and both basal laminae display occasional Light microscopy of normal rat pancreas displays the organi- discontinuities. zation of exocrine cells into acini (Fig. la). Each .acinar cell is Fig. 3a is a phase-contrast micrograph of a semithin section typically polarized, with its nucleus being located within the ofnormal rat pancreas that displays acini as well as neighboring basal portion ofthe cell while the zymogen granules fill the ap- capillaries filled with erythrocytes. The distribution of type IV ical region. These cells are consistently oriented within each within this same section is characterized by linear staining out- acinus with their bases at the periphery and apices towards the lining all acini and blood vessels (Fig. 3b). A phase-contrast view of the tumor (Fig. 3c) once again shows a disorganized *V e4.t *6'S FIG. 1. Light micrographs of normal pancreas (a) and acinar cell FnG.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Development and Maintenance of Epidermal Stem Cells in Skin Adnexa
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Development and Maintenance of Epidermal Stem Cells in Skin Adnexa Jaroslav Mokry * and Rishikaysh Pisal Medical Faculty, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 October 2020; Accepted: 18 December 2020; Published: 20 December 2020 Abstract: The skin surface is modified by numerous appendages. These structures arise from epithelial stem cells (SCs) through the induction of epidermal placodes as a result of local signalling interplay with mesenchymal cells based on the Wnt–(Dkk4)–Eda–Shh cascade. Slight modifications of the cascade, with the participation of antagonistic signalling, decide whether multipotent epidermal SCs develop in interfollicular epidermis, scales, hair/feather follicles, nails or skin glands. This review describes the roles of epidermal SCs in the development of skin adnexa and interfollicular epidermis, as well as their maintenance. Each skin structure arises from distinct pools of epidermal SCs that are harboured in specific but different niches that control SC behaviour. Such relationships explain differences in marker and gene expression patterns between particular SC subsets. The activity of well-compartmentalized epidermal SCs is orchestrated with that of other skin cells not only along the hair cycle but also in the course of skin regeneration following injury. This review highlights several membrane markers, cytoplasmic proteins and transcription factors associated with epidermal SCs. Keywords: stem cell; epidermal placode; skin adnexa; signalling; hair pigmentation; markers; keratins 1. Epidermal Stem Cells as Units of Development 1.1. Development of the Epidermis and Placode Formation The embryonic skin at very early stages of development is covered by a surface ectoderm that is a precursor to the epidermis and its multiple derivatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Corrective Gene Transfer of Keratinocytes from Patients with Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa Restores Assembly of Hemidesmosomes in Reconstructed Epithelia
    Gene Therapy (1998) 5, 1322–1332 1998 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0969-7128/98 $12.00 http://www.stockton-press.co.uk/gt Corrective gene transfer of keratinocytes from patients with junctional epidermolysis bullosa restores assembly of hemidesmosomes in reconstructed epithelia J Vailly1, L Gagnoux-Palacios1, E Dell’Ambra2, C Rome´ro1, M Pinola3, G Zambruno3, M De Luca2,3 J-P Ortonne1,4 and G Meneguzzi1 1U385 INSERM, Faculte´ de Me´decine, Nice; 4Service de Dermatologie, Hoˆpital L’Archet, Nice, France; Laboratories of 2Tissue Engineering and 3Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, Rome, Italy Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa (H-JEB) provides deposited into the extracellular matrix. Re-expression of a promising model for somatic gene therapy of heritable laminin-5 induced cell spreading, nucleation of hemides- mechano-bullous disorders. This genodermatosis is mosomal-like structures and enhanced adhesion to the cul- caused by the lack of laminin-5 that results in absence of ture substrate. Organotypic cultures performed with the hemidesmosomes (HD) and defective adhesion of squam- transduced keratinocytes, reconstituted epidermis closely ous epithelia. To establish whether re-expression of lami- adhering to the mesenchyme and presenting mature hemi- nin-5 can restore assembly of the dermal-epidermal attach- desmosomes, bridging the cytoplasmic intermediate fila- ment structures lacking in the H-JEB skin, we corrected the ments of the basal cells to the anchoring filaments of the genetic mutation hindering expression of the ␤3 chain of basement membrane. Our results provide the first evi- laminin-5 in human H-JEB keratinocytes by transfer of a dence of phenotypic reversion of JEB keratinocytes by laminin ␤3 transgene.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition
    NOMINA HISTOLOGICA VETERINARIA Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Published on the website of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists www.wava-amav.org 2017 CONTENTS Introduction i Principles of term construction in N.H.V. iii Cytologia – Cytology 1 Textus epithelialis – Epithelial tissue 10 Textus connectivus – Connective tissue 13 Sanguis et Lympha – Blood and Lymph 17 Textus muscularis – Muscle tissue 19 Textus nervosus – Nerve tissue 20 Splanchnologia – Viscera 23 Systema digestorium – Digestive system 24 Systema respiratorium – Respiratory system 32 Systema urinarium – Urinary system 35 Organa genitalia masculina – Male genital system 38 Organa genitalia feminina – Female genital system 42 Systema endocrinum – Endocrine system 45 Systema cardiovasculare et lymphaticum [Angiologia] – Cardiovascular and lymphatic system 47 Systema nervosum – Nervous system 52 Receptores sensorii et Organa sensuum – Sensory receptors and Sense organs 58 Integumentum – Integument 64 INTRODUCTION The preparations leading to the publication of the present first edition of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria has a long history spanning more than 50 years. Under the auspices of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.), the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) appointed in Giessen, 1965, a Subcommittee on Histology and Embryology which started a working relation with the Subcommittee on Histology of the former International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. In Mexico City, 1971, this Subcommittee presented a document entitled Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft as a basis for the continued work of the newly-appointed Subcommittee on Histological Nomenclature. This resulted in the editing of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft II (Toulouse, 1974), followed by preparations for publication of a Nomina Histologica Veterinaria.
    [Show full text]
  • Sweat Glands • Oil Glands • Mammary Glands
    Chapter 4 The Integumentary System Lecture Presentation by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Introduction • The integumentary system is composed of: • Skin • Hair • Nails • Sweat glands • Oil glands • Mammary glands © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Introduction • The skin is the most visible organ of the body • Clinicians can tell a lot about the overall health of the body by examining the skin • Skin helps protect from the environment • Skin helps to regulate body temperature © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Integumentary Structure and Function • Cutaneous Membrane • Epidermis • Dermis • Accessory Structures • Hair follicles • Exocrine glands • Nails © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.1 Functional Organization of the Integumentary System Integumentary System FUNCTIONS • Physical protection from • Synthesis and storage • Coordination of immune • Sensory information • Excretion environmental hazards of lipid reserves response to pathogens • Synthesis of vitamin D3 • Thermoregulation and cancers in skin Cutaneous Membrane Accessory Structures Epidermis Dermis Hair Follicles Exocrine Glands Nails • Protects dermis from Papillary Layer Reticular Layer • Produce hairs that • Assist in • Protect and trauma, chemicals protect skull thermoregulation support tips • Nourishes and • Restricts spread of • Controls skin permeability, • Produce hairs that • Excrete wastes of fingers and supports pathogens prevents water loss provide delicate • Lubricate toes epidermis penetrating epidermis • Prevents entry of
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Alterations of the Eccrine Sweat Apparatus in Amputated Feet from Diabetes Mellitus Patients
    Showa Univ J Med Sci 27（2）, 93～102, June 2015 Original Morphological Alterations of the Eccrine Sweat Apparatus in Amputated Feet from Diabetes Mellitus Patients 1, 2, 3 2 4 Mikiko SUGIYAMA ）, Yuka SUZUKI ）, Hitoshi NEMOTO ）, 2 5 3 Tokio NAKADA ）, Hiroshi SUZUKI ）, Shigeki NAGATA ） 1, 2 and Hirohiko SUEKI＊ ） Abstract : Several physiological studies have demonstrated decreased or absent thermoregulatory sweating in the distal legs and feet of diabetes patients. Such hypohidrosis in diabetes patients is believed to be a clinical symptom of autonomic neuropathy. Thus, the present study sought to clarify the pathogenesis of structural alterations of the eccrine sweat apparatus in diabetes patients. For this study, we enrolled 17 patients with diabetic ulcers/gangrene who underwent amputation of the foot. Specimens were obtained 30 mm from the ulcer/gangrene after amputation using a 6-mm trepan, with 12 normal human skin samples obtained from areas adjacent to pigmented nevi or benign skin tumors on the legs or feet to serve as controls. Numbers and morphological abnormalities of eccrine sweat glands and ducts were assessed by light microscopy. The pathogenesis of morphological alterations was examined by electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy of type Ⅳ collagen. Rates of disappearance of the lumen, shrunken morphology, and irregular outlines of eccrine sweat glands and ducts were signicantly higher or more abundant in diabetes patients than in controls（ P＝0.0002 ～ 0.0001）. Ultra- structurally, we observed prominent thickening of the basement membranes in eccrine sweat glands, admixed cell debris, and narrowing of the lumenal space. The thickened basement membranes resulted in the shrunken morphology and irregular outlines in eccrine sweat glands and ducts.
    [Show full text]
  • Skin Stem Cell Niches
    Cell. Mol. Life Sci. (2012) 69:2573–2582 DOI 10.1007/s00018-012-0943-3 Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences REVIEW Home sweet home: skin stem cell niches Jill Goldstein • Valerie Horsley Received: 7 November 2011 / Revised: 8 February 2012 / Accepted: 13 February 2012 / Published online: 13 March 2012 Ó Springer Basel AG 2012 Abstract The epidermis and its appendages, such as the Dct Dopamine tautomerase hair follicle (HF), continually regenerate throughout post- DP Dermal papilla natal mammalian life due to the activity of resident Ebf1 Early B cell factor epithelial stem cells (SCs). The follicular SC niche, or the FACS Fluorescence activated cell sorting bulge, is composed of a heterogeneous population of self- FGF Fibroblast growth factor renewing multipotent cells. Multiple intrinsic molecular H2B Histone 2B mechanisms promote the transition of follicular SCs from HF Hair follicle quiescence to activation. In addition, numerous extrinsic Hh Hedgehog cell types influence the activity and characteristics of bulge IFE Interfollicular epidermis cells. Ultimately, the balance between these intrinsic and Lgr Leucine-rich repeat containing G protein extrinsic mechanisms influences the function of bulge cells coupled receptor during homeostasis and tissue regeneration and likely Lhx2 LIM homeobox 2 contributes to skin tumorigenesis. Here, we review both the Lrig1 Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to the skin SC domains 1 niche. NFATc1 Nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 1 Keywords Skin Á Hair follicle Á Stem cell niche Á ORS Outer root sheath Cancer Runx1 Runt-related transcription factor 1 Sca-1 Stem cell antigen-1 Abbreviations SCC Squamous cell carcinoma BCC Basal cell carcinoma SCs Stem cells Bcl2 B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 SG Sebaceous gland Blimp1 B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 Sox9 Sex determining region Y-box 9 BMP Bone morphogenetic protein Tcf3 Transcription factor 3 BrdU Bromodeoxyuridine Tcf4 Transcription factor 4 Tgf-b Transforming growth factor-b V.
    [Show full text]
  • An Immunohistochemical Study of Gastric Mucosa and Critical Review Indicate That the Subepithelial Telocytes Are Prelymphatic Endothelial Cells
    medicina Article An Immunohistochemical Study of Gastric Mucosa and Critical Review Indicate That the Subepithelial Telocytes Are Prelymphatic Endothelial Cells Oana D. Toader 1, Mugurel C. Rusu 2,* , Lauren¸tiuMogoantă 3, Sorin Hostiuc 4 , Adelina Maria Jianu 5 and Adrian Cosmin Ilie 5 1 Department XIII of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology, “Polizu” Clinical Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania 2 Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania 3 Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj, Romania 4 Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania 5 Division of Anatomy, “Victor Babe¸s”University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi¸soara,Romania * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +4-072-236-3705 Received: 28 March 2019; Accepted: 20 June 2019; Published: 27 June 2019 Abstract: Background and Objectives: There are only a few studies regarding gut subepithelial telocytes (TCs). The telopodes, namely peculiar TCs’ prolongations described on two-dimensional cuts, are not enough to differentiate this specific cell type. Subepithelial TCs were associated with the intestinal stem niche but a proper differential diagnosis with lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) was not performed. In this study, we will also critically review studies suggesting that distinctive TCs could be positioned within the lamina propria. Materials and Methods: We performed an immunohistochemical study of human gastric mucosa to test the expression of D2-40, the lymphatic marker, as well as that of CD31, CD34, CD44, CD117/c-kit, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin in the gastric subepithelial niche.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Apocrine Secretory Mechanism
    Histol Histopathol (2003) 18: 597-608 Histology and http://www.hh.um.es Histopathology Cellular and Molecular Biology Review Apocrine secretory mechanism: Recent findings and unresolved problems A.P. Gesase1 and Y. Satoh2 1Department of Anatomy/Histology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania and 2Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan Summary. Cell secretion is an important physiological Introduction process that ensures smooth metabolic activities, tissue repair and growth and immunological functions in the Apocrine secretion occurs when secretory process is body. It occurs when the intracellular secretory materials accompanied with loss of part of the cell cytoplasm (Fig. are released to the exterior; these may be in the form of 1). The secretory materials may be contained in the lipids, protein or mucous and may travel through a duct secretory vesicles or dissolved in the cytoplasm and system or via blood to reach the target organ. To date during secretion they are released as cytoplasmic three types of secretory mechanisms have been fragments into the glandular lumen or interstitial space characterized, they include apocrine, holocrine and (Roy et al., 1978; Agnew et al., 1980; Ream and exocytosis. Apocrine secretion occurs when the release Principato, 1981; Messelt, 1982; Eggli et al., 1991; of secretory materials is accompanied with loss of part Gesase et al. 1996). It has been described in glands of of cytoplasm. The secretory materials may be contained the genital tract (Nicander et al., 1974; Aumuller and in the secretory vesicles or dissolved in the cytoplasm Adler, 1979; Guggenheim et al., 1979; Hohbach and that is lost during secretion.
    [Show full text]
  • Unusually Complex Basement Membranes in the Midgut of Two Decapod Crustaceans, the Stone Crab (Menippe Mercenaria) and the Lobster (Homarus Americanus)
    7/ THE ANATOMICAL RECORD 200:253-258 (1981) Unusually Complex Basement Membranes in the Midgut of Two Decapod Crustaceans, the Stone Crab (Menippe mercenaria) and the Lobster (Homarus americanus) JAN ROBERT FACTOR Smithsonian Institution, Ft. Pierce Bureau, Ft. Pierce, Florida 33450 ABSTRACT UltrastructuraJ studies of the stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) and the lobster [Homarus americanus) demonstrate that the basement membrane of the midgut (intestine) is unusually complex. In both species, the basement membrane is three-layered and has processes that form extensive networks pro- truding into the connective tissue. The possible functional significance of this complex structure is discussed. The basement membrane underlying epithe- clude cylinders or grid-like patterns, some- lial tissues is generally considered to be a con- times composed of hexagonal units. tinuous, electron-dense, extracellular sheet Ultrastructural studies of the connective tis- which ranges in thickness from 200 to 50,000 sue layer surrounding the digestive epithelium A and often appears fibrous or flocculent. in two decapod crustaceans, the stone crab When viewed at low magnifications, it has Menippe mercenaria (Brachyura: Xanthidae) been variously described in textbooks as and the lobster Homarus americanus "amorphous" (Threadgold, 76) or "homogene- (Macrura: Nephropidae), demonstrate that the ous" with poorly defined inner and outer limits basement membrane of the adult midgut (Fawcett, '66). Closer examination shows that (intestine) is unusually complex. This is the this layer may be a mat or meshwork of fine fil- first description of a complex basement aments embedded in an amorphous matrix membrane in this major group of (Bloom and Fawcett, 75). The basement mem- invertebrates.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultrastructural Changes of the Basal Lamina During the Hair Growth Cycle
    Downloaded from http://rupress.org/jcb/article-pdf/40/2/561/1385012/561.pdf by guest on 27 September 2021 ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF THE BASAL LAMINA DURING THE HAIR GROWTH CYCLE PAUL F. PARAKKAL. From the Department of Electron Microscopy, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006 INTRODUCTION scope. The details of these ultrastructural changes are reported below. The "hyaline membrane" (glassy or vitreous mem- brane), the noncellular layer that invests the entire MATERIALS AND METHODS hair follicle, is visible with the light microscope. During hair growth cycles (5), this membrane Small pieces of back skin from 19- to 22-day-old albino mice were excised and immersed in ice-cold undergoes characteristic morphological modifica- 1% osmium tetroxide buffered to pH 7.4-7.6 with tions. Under the light microscope, the hyaline either veronal acetate or phosphate (4, 6). The tissues membrane appears thin and inconspicuous around were fixed for 2 hr and then dehydrated in an ascend- the follicle during anagen and telogen (growing ing series of ethanol and embedded in Araldite (3). and resting phases of the hair follicle). At the 1 -1 sections were stained in azure blue B for ori- onset of catagen (the transitional phase between entation purposes. Thin sections were successively anagen and telogen), the PAS-positive membrane stained in aqueous uranyl acetate and lead citrate around the lower part of the follicle becomes (8) and then examined in an RCA EMU 3 F or hypertrophied. In the later stages of catagen, this Phillips EM 200 electron microscope. lower section of the follicle atrophies and the sur- RESULTS rounding hyaline membrane appears like a thick wrinkled sac (2, 5, 13).
    [Show full text]
  • Terminologia Histologica 10 Years On: Some Disputable Terms in Need
    Annals of Anatomy 226 (2019) 16–22 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Annals of Anatomy jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat Research article Terminologia Histologica 10 years on: some disputable terms in need of discussion and recent developments a,∗ a b b c Ivan Varga , Paulína Gálfiová , Alzbetaˇ Blanková , Marek Konarik , Václav Bácaˇ , c d,e b a Vlasta Dvorákovaˇ , Vladimír Musil , Radovan Turyna , Martin Klein a Institute of Histology and Embryology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Medicine, Spitálskaˇ 24, SK-81372 Bratislava, Slovakia b Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00 Praha, Czech Republic c Department of Health Care Studies, College of Polytechnics, Tolstého 16, 586 01 Jihlava, Czech Republic d Centre of Scientific Information, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic e Institute of Information Studies and Librarianship, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: At first sight, the issue of morphological terminology may seem to be a “closed and unchanging chapter”, Received 20 December 2018 as many of the structures within the human body have been known for decades or even centuries. How- Received in revised form 6 July 2019 ever, the exact opposite is true. The initial knowledge of the microscopic structure of the human body Accepted 9 July 2019 has been continuously broadening thanks to the development of new specialized staining techniques, discovery of the electron microscope, or later application of histochemical and immunohistochemical Keywords: methods into routine tissue examination.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Heavy Metal Stress on the Intestine of Diplopods
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Berichte des naturwissenschaftlichen-medizinischen Verein Innsbruck Jahr/Year: 1992 Band/Volume: S10 Autor(en)/Author(s): Alberti Gerd, Köhler Heinz-Rüdiger Artikel/Article: The Effect of Heavy Metal Stress on the Intestine of Diplopods. 257-267 ©Naturwiss. med. Ver. Innsbruck, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Ber. nat.-med. Verein Innsbruck Suppl. 10 S. 257 - 267 Innsbruck, April 1992 8th International Congress of Myriapodology, Innsbruck, Austria, July 15 - 20, 1990 The Effect of Heavy Metal Stress on the Intestine of Diplopods by Heinz-Rüdiger KÖHLER and Gerd ALBERTI Zoological Institute I (Morphology/Ecology), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, D-W 6900 Heidelberg, FR Germany Abstract: The intestines of several diplopod species from different families were investigated by trans- mission electron microscopy. Fore- and hindgut, covered by a thick cuticle, showed no signs of being sensitive to nutritional stress (food deprivation, artificial acidification of nutrients). On the other hand, the ultrastructure of the mi'dgut and of the associated "liver ceils" was affected. In the present study, these structures from specimens fed under laboratory conditions with lead contaminated food and from a control group without heavy metal influence were compared. Further specimens taken from a location contaminated with heavy metals were investigated. In contrast to the control group, under both natural and artificial heavy metal conditions, the epithelial cells of all specimens disconnected from one another basally and often apically as well, and displayed an electron-dense cytoplasm. The protrusions of the "liver ceils", which connect these cells with the epithelial layer, appeared elong- ated.
    [Show full text]