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Development of Safety Performance Functions for Restricted Crossing U-Turn (RCUT) Intersections

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Development of Safety Performance Functions for Restricted Crossing U-Turn (RCUT) Intersections FLORIDA A&M UNIVERISTY- FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY Development of Safety Performance Functions for Restricted Crossing U-Turn (RCUT) Intersections Sponsor Award No.: BDV30-977-19 A Report Submitted to Florida Department of Transportation, Traffic Engineering and Operations Office Task 6: Final Report Start Date: 02/07/2017; End Date: 05/31/2019 FDOT Project Manager: Alan El-Urfali, State Traffic Services Program Manager, Traffic Engineering and Operations Office Eren Erman Ozguven, Ph.D., Assistant Professor & Principal Investigator Phone: +1(850) 410-6146 E-mail: [email protected] Mehmet Baran Ulak, M.Sc., Graduate Research Assistant Phone: +1(929) 262-9870 E-mail: [email protected] Ren Moses Ph.D., Professor & Co-Principal Investigator Phone: +1(850) 410-6191 E-mail: [email protected] Maxim Dulebenets, Ph.D., Assistant Professor & Co-Principal Investigator Phone: +1(850) 410-6621 Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Florida A&M University-Florida State University May 2019 DISCLAIMER The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the State of Florida Department of Transportation. ii METRIC CONVERSION CHART iii Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Development of Safety Performance Functions for Restricted Crossing U-Turn 02/28/2019 (RCUT) Intersections 6. Performing Organization Code 59-1961248 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Eren Erman Ozguven, Ph.D.; Mehmet Baran Ulak, M.Sc.; Ren Moses, Ph.D., 039801 P.E.; Maxim A. Dulebenets, Ph.D., P.E. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Florida A&M University-Florida State University 2525 Pottsdamer Street 11. Contract or Grant No. Tallahassee, FL 32310-6046, USA BDV30-977-19 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Florida Department of Transportation Final Report 605 Suwannee Street, Period Covered: 02/07/2017-05/31/2019 Tallahassee, FL 32399 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract Conventional intersection designs are known to be problematic and unreliable when handling the complexity associated with the heavy traffic volume and travel demand on today’s roadways. Therefore, transportation agencies have been searching for more innovative and safer intersection design solutions in order to address these complex problems. One such alternative intersection design is the restricted crossing U-turn (RCUT) intersection. The overall goal of this project was to provide appropriate safety performance functions for different types of RCUT intersections for use by FDOT planners and engineers at various levels of project development and safety analysis. Consistent with this goal, the following tasks have been completed as part of the project: (a) a comprehensive search was performed to identify the experiences of other transportation agencies (federal and state agencies, cities, counties, MPOs and other local agencies) related to the RCUT implementations; (b) a survey questionnaire was prepared and used to solicit information on RCUT intersections from these agencies; (c) geometric, traffic, and crash data were collected for all the existing RCUT intersections in the U.S.; (d) significant factors influencing the RCUT intersection safety were determined; (e) safety performance functions (SPFs) were developed for signalized and unsignalized RCUT intersections based on the collected data; and (f) crash modification factors and functions (CMFs) were developed for various traffic and geometric variables. Meeting these objectives led to appropriate recommendations to Florida DOT in terms of evaluating and justifying the feasibility of RCUT intersections as safer intersection alternatives and identifying promising locations in Florida where intersection safety and operation will be significantly improved (those locations that may benefit the most from RCUT implementations). Results of this research will also be used with the new Intersection Control Evaluation (ICE) Policy and Procedure, and RCUT Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) will be incorporated into the Safety Performance for ICE (SPICE) Tool. 17. Key Word 18. Distribution Statement Innovative intersections; restricted crossing U-turn (RCUT) No restrictions intersections; safety performance functions (SPFs); crash modification factors and functions (CMFs) 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 233 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project was sponsored by the State of Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT). The principal investigators would like to thank the FDOT Project Manager, Alan El-Urfali, and Humberto Castillero from the FDOT Traffic Engineering and Operations Office, Jeffrey Shaw from the Federal Highway Administration, Jeffrey Roberts from HNTB, and Bastian Schroeder, Pete Jenior, and John R. Freeman from Kittelson and Associates for their valuable feedback throughout this project. The research team would like to thank the following devoted and motivated students, who played an active and critical role in this project: Hasan Huseyin Karabag, Mahyar Ghorbanzadeh, and Alex Ayoub. We are very grateful for the time and energy they invested in the tasks. Furthermore, the principal investigators would like to express their gratitude to the state departments of transportation officials, who participated in the surveys and helped in providing the necessary data. v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Conventional intersection designs are known to be problematic and unreliable when handling the complexity associated with the heavy traffic volume and travel demand on today’s roadways. Therefore, transportation agencies have been searching for more innovative and safer intersection design solutions in order to address these complex problems. One such alternative intersection design is the restricted crossing U-turn (RCUT) intersection. Several states in the U.S., such as Michigan, Maryland, and North Carolina, have already implemented this design since the early 2000s and have reported satisfactory results with their implementation programs. These reports have shown that RCUT intersections have the potential to reduce the conflict points and offer substantial safety advantages over conventional intersections for vehicles, pedestrians, and bicyclists. According to the FHWA’s 2014 informational guide on the RCUTs (Hummer et al., 2014), however, there is still a wide gap in the literature with respect to the safety performance analysis of RCUT intersections. The existing studies also did not attempt to calculate the safety performance functions for RCUTs based on the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) guidelines. These SPFs will readily enable the implementation of RCUTs in the State of Florida. Therefore, a significant challenge in evaluating the safety performance of RCUTs is the lack of appropriate safety performance functions (SPFs) specifically developed for RCUTs. Crash modification factors (CMFs) were previously proposed in Missouri and North Carolina in order to convert unsignalized conventional intersections to unsignalized RCUT intersections. However, this approach may not reveal the actual performance of these intersections, which can depend on other factors such as the median offset and weaving lengths in addition to the AADTs for major and minor legs. As such, the overall goal of this project was to provide appropriate safety performance functions for different types of RCUT intersections for use by FDOT planners and engineers at various levels of project development and safety analysis. Consistent with this goal, the following tasks have been completed as part of the project: (a) a comprehensive search was performed to identify the experiences of other transportation agencies (federal and state agencies, cities, counties, MPOs and other local agencies) related to the RCUT implementations; (b) a survey questionnaire was prepared and used to solicit information on RCUT intersections from these agencies; (c) geometric, traffic, and crash data were collected for all the existing RCUT intersections in the U.S.; (d) significant factors influencing the RCUT intersection safety were determined; (e) safety performance functions (SPFs) were developed for signalized and unsignalized RCUT intersections based on the collected data; and (f) crash modification factors and functions (CMFs) were developed for various traffic and geometric variables. Meeting these objectives led to appropriate recommendations to Florida DOT in terms of evaluating and justifying the feasibility of RCUT intersections as safer intersection alternatives, and identifying promising locations in Florida where intersection safety and operation will be significantly improved (those locations that may benefit the most from RCUT implementations). Results of this research will be used with the new Intersection Control Evaluation (ICE) Policy and Procedure, and RCUT Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) will be incorporated into the Safety Performance for ICE (SPICE) Tool. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ............................................................................................................................ ii METRIC CONVERSION CHART ........................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................
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