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Transportation in Pakistan: Transportation in Pakistan

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Transportation in Pakistan: Transportation in Pakistan Transportation in Pakistan: Transportation in Pakistan Transportation in Pakistan is extensive and varied but still in its developing stages and serving a population of over 170 million people. Construction of new airports, roads, and railway lines have led to an employment boost in the country. Much of Pakistan's road network (National Highways) and railway network were built before 1947, mainly during the British Raj . In recent years, new national highways have been built, with the addition of motorways which has accelerated trade and logistics within the country. Airports and seaports have been built within the last 30 years with the addition of foreign and domestic funding. Pakistan Railways - History: Pakistan Railways - History Pakistan Railways provides an important mode of Transportation in the farthest corners of the country and brings them closer for Business, sight seeing, pilgrimage and education. It has been a great integrating force and forms the life line of the country by catering to its needs for large scale movement of people and freight. The possibility of Karachi as a sea port was first noticed in the mid of 19th century and Sir Henry Edward Frere who was appointed Commissioner of Sind after its annexation with Bombay in 1847 sought permission from Lord Dalhousie to begin survey of sea port. He also initiated the survey for Railway line in 1858. It was proposed that a railway line from Karachi City to Kotri , steam navigation up the Indus /Chenab up to Multan and from there an other railway to Lahore and beyond be constructed. It was on 13th May,1861 that first railway line was opened for public traffic between Karachi City and Kotri , the distance of 105 miles. The line between Karachi City and Keamari was opened on 16.6.1889.By 1897 the line from Keamari to Kotri was doubled. Pakistan Railways - History: Pakistan Railways - History The railway line from Peshawar to Karachi closely follows Alexander’s line of march through the Hindu Kush to the sea. Different sections on existing main line from Peshawar to Lahore and Multan and branch lines were constructed in the last quarter of 19th century and early years of 20th century. The 4 sections i.e.Scinde railways, Indian Flotilla company Punjab railway and Delhi railways working in a single company were later on amalgamated into Scinde , Punjab & Delhi railways company and was purchased by the Secretary of State for India in 1885 and in January, 1886 it was named North Western State Railways which was later on renamed as North Western Railways. At the time of partition, North Western Railway’s 1847 route mile was transferred to India leaving route miles 5048 to Pakistan. In 1954 The railway line was extended to Mardan and Charsada section and in 1956 Jacababad-Kashmore 2’-6’’ line was converted into broad gauge. Kot Adu-Kashmore line was constructed between 1969 to 1973 providing an alternate route from Karachi to up country. A Survey of Railways: A Survey of Railways Transportation in Pakistan: Railways : Transportation in Pakistan: Railways Domestic Rail services in Pakistan are provided by the state-run Pakistan Railways, under the supervision of the Ministry of Railways. Pakistan Railways provides an important mode of transportation in Pakistan, catering to the large-scale movement of people and freight. The railway network comprises 8,163 km of which 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) (broad gauge) forms 7,718 km, including 293 km of electrified track. 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3 ⁄ 8 in) narrow gauge tracks form the remaining 445 km. Passenger earnings comprise 50% of the total revenue. During 1999–2000 this amounted to Rs. 4.8 billion. Pakistan Railways carry 65 million passengers annually and daily operate 228 mail, express and passenger trains. Pakistan Railways also operate special trains for various occasions. The Freight Business Unit with 12000 personnel operates over 200 freight stations on the railway network. The FBU serves the Port of Karachi and Port Qasim as well as in various other stations along the network and generates revenue from the movement of agricultural, industrial and imported products such as wheat, coal, fertilizer, cement, and sugar. About 39% of the revenue is generated from the transportation of petroleum, 19% from imported wheat, fertilizer and rock phosphate. The remaining 42% is earned from domestic traffic. The freight rates structure is based on market trends in road transport which is the main competitor to rail transport. Causes of deterioration of Pakistan Railways: Causes of deterioration of Pakistan Railways Development of Pakistan Railways: Development of Pakistan Railways PowerPoint Presentation: Karachi Railway Station Transportation in Pakistan: Railways: Transportation in Pakistan: Railways International Iran - A broad gauge railway line runs from Zahidan to Quetta, and a standard gauge line is finished from Zahidan to Kerman in central Iran, linking with the rest of the Iranian rail network. On May 18, 2007, a MOU for rail cooperation was signed by Pakistan and Iran under which the line will be completed by December 2008. Now that the rail systems are linked up at Zahidian , there is a break-of- gauge between the Islamic Republic of Iran Railways standard gauge tracks and Pakistan Railways broad gauge . Afghanistan - Currently there is no rail link to Afghanistan since no railway network is present in that country, however Pakistan Rail has proposed to help build an Afghan Rail Network in three phases. The first phase will stretch from the Chaman to Spin Boldak in Afghanistan. The second phase will extend line to Kandahar and the third phase will eventually connect to Herat. From there, the line will be extended to Khushka , Turkmenistan. The final phase would link 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) gauge with Central Asian 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 5 ⁄ 6 in) gauge. It is not clear where the break-of- gauge station will be he proposed line will also be connected the port town of Gwadar via Dalbadin and Taftan , thus connecting the port town to Central Asia. Transportation in Pakistan: Railways - Recent Developments: Transportation in Pakistan: Railways - Recent Developments China - There is no link with China however, on February 28, 2007 contracts were awarded for feasibility studies on a proposed line from Havelianvia the Khunjerab Pass at 4730 m above sea level, to the Chinese railhead at Kashgar a distance of about 750 km. Turkey - A proposed Istanbul-Tehran-Islamabad passenger rail service was proposed recently.Meanwhile a container train service was launched by the Prime Minister of Pakistan Yousuf Raza Gilani between Islamabad and Istanbul on 14 August 2009. The first train carried 20 containers with a capacity of around 750 t (738 long tons; 827 short tons and will travel 6,500 km (4,000 mi) from Islamabad, through Tehran, Iran and on to Istanbul in two weeks' time. Tajikistan - via Afghanistan India - The bi-weekly Samjhauta Express operates between Delhi and Lahore and has run since 1976 following the Simla Agreement . The weekly Thar Express also runs between Karachi and Bhagat Ki Kothi (near Jodhpur Rajasthan). Transportation in Pakistan : Roads Types of Roads : Transportation in Pakistan : Roads Types of Roads PowerPoint Presentation: Auto Rickshaw PowerPoint Presentation: Traditional Means of Transport National Highways: National Highways The Makran Coastal Highway follows the coast of Sindh and Balochistan provinces, linking Karachi and Gawadar . Journey time has been reduced to six or seven hours with the construction of the new Coastal Highway. The highway was built as part of an overall plan to improve transport facilities in southern Balochistan. The Karakoram Highway is the highest paved international road in the world. It connects China and Pakistan across the Karakoram mountain range, through the Khunjerab Pass. The Grand Trunk Road (commonly abbreviated to GT Road) is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads. For several centuries, it has linked the eastern and western regions of the South Asia, running from Bengal, across north India, into Peshawar in Pakistan. The Silk Road is an extensive interconnected network of trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean world, including North Africa and Europe. It passes through the midsection of Pakistan through cities: Peshawar, Taxila and Multan. Karakorum Highway: Karakorum Highway Transportation in Pakistan: Transportation in Pakistan International International bus services are also well established in Pakistan and connect to various countries: RCD Highway Quetta- Zahidan , Iran Quetta- Mashad , Iran Gwadar - Zahidan , Iran Karachi- Quetta- Zahidan -Tehran , Iran (proposed) G.T Road Peshawar- Jalalabad , Afghanistan Peshawar-Kabul, Afghanistan Islamabad-Dushanbe , Tajikistan (proposed) Islamabad- Kashghar , China (proposed) Lahore-Delhi, India Muzaffarabad -Srinagar, India PowerPoint Presentation: Grand Trunk Road (G.T ROAD) Motorways: Motorways The construction of motorways began in the early 1990s with the idea building a world class road network and to reduce the load off the heavily used national highways throughout the country. TheM2 was the first motorway completed in 1996, linking the cities of Islamabad and Lahore. In the past 5 years, many new motorways have opened up including the M1, M3. Total: 257,683 km Paved: 152,033 km (including 339 km of expressways) Unpaved: 105,650 km (2001) Vehicles on road: 4.2 million vehicles 250,000 commercial vehicles (2004 estimate) PowerPoint Presentation: Motorways In Pakistan Air transport : Air transport Pakistan has 148 airports The major airports are: There are also several smaller airports which have flights to and from the Gulf because of the large Pakistani diaspora working in the region. There are 91 airports with paved runways of which 14 have runways longer than 3,047 meters. The remaining 48 airports have unpaved runways including one airport with a runway longer than 3,047 meters.
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