1 To Flight

Distribution Unlimited tory… from Aha!

Unclassified Unclassified

8 April 2009 Organizations of the world... 8 April 2009 Adaptive Aerostructures Labora

Hyatt Regency Crown Center, Kansas City, MO

Annual Gun and Missile Systems Conference & Exhibition

th R. M. Barrett

44 AAL ...Backroom for the Innovation-Driven Aerospace Aerospace Engineering Department Director of the Adaptive Aerostructures Laboratory (AAL) The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas USA Professor Ron Barrett

Hovering Missiles: New Tools for Target ID, Interior Precision Strike, Friendly Fire Mitigation and Persistent Suppression R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. 2 To Flight tory… from Aha! Adaptive Aerostructures Labora

the blurring line between missiles, munitions & UAVs. which are technically feasible Today.

•Expose the Munitions Community to • Describe advanced weapon systems

Purpose: R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. 3 To Flight tory… from Aha! Adaptive Aerostructures Labora

Revolutionary Capabilities Outline:

I. History of Underpinning Programs II. Current Platform Configuration III. New Missions... R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. 4 Gravity Weapons 1st Adaptive 1st Flying Adaptive UAV To Flight Munitions 1st Adaptive Flexspar Stabilators Gun-Launched Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! Missile Fins 1st Pitch-Active Current Platform Adaptive Aerostructures Labora Good theory-experiment correlation Twist & camber- supersonic wings active subsonic & active subsonic Background in Flight Control

Twist-active plates & flaps Crawley, Andersen, Spangler, Hall, Lazarus (MIT) R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. 1985 1990 1995 History and Background 5 Ascent Ascent Shutdown Shutdown To Flight Hover Hover Hover Hover in 20m in 20m Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary Loiter > 24hr Loiter > 24hr Underground Underground tory… from Aha! 20m 20m Hover out Hover out QuickTime™ and a Mission Profile: Cinepak decompressor Mission Profile: Descent Descent Takeoff Takeoff ° are needed to see this picture. 11 Current Platform ± Adaptive Aerostructures Labora VTOL Approach to Urban UAV Flight: 1994 - 1997 The First MAV, Kolibri CounterDrug Technology Office

The 1st Micro Aerial Vehicle -- by the DoD • power consumption: 14 mW max • pitch corner frequency: 47 Hz • first natural frequency in pitch: 23 Hz • total mass 5.2g • actuator mass: 380 mg • static deflections: max. Enabled by Flexspar Piezoceramic Stabilators Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 6 To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! is a common event is ° >90 Current Platform α Adaptive Aerostructures Labora Canopy Canopy - -

Low-Level Operations: Serious trouble for UAVs... Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. DARPA Urban & Sub Atmospherics Survey 1998 DARPA Urban & Sub History and Background Atmospherics Survey 1998 7 DARPA 1999 - 2000 Flyoffs @ MacDill & Quantico To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor are needed to see this picture. Current Platform 6” (15cm) VTOL Coleopter Adaptive Aerostructures Labora

First Free-Flight VTOL MAVs R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 8 ) u a e r u ions on B gt n i h s a W ary Miss N n N ount C To Flight M e k i Revolutio : M e c crashed or were shot down our s ( tory… from Aha! By Jan. 2003, 30 of 70 RQ-1 Predators s, 4 Pioneers, 1 UAV of undetermined type) $3.2M ea. $122k ea. Current Platform Adaptive Aerostructures Labora

(source: Yugoslav armed forces) (source: Yugoslav armed UAVs Lost in Kosovo: Britain: 14 (14 Phoenix) United States: 17 (3 Predators, 9 Hunter Operation Allied Force Kosovo 1999 Germany: 7 (presumably all CL-289 turbojet drones) France: 5 (3 Crecerelle, 2 CL-289) 4 UAVs of undetermined origin (possibly U.S., German, or Italian) More conventional UAV “Challenges” Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 9 To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! Current Platform Adaptive Aerostructures Labora

new to fix this problem.” “2/3 of eligible targets went undetected, let alone unengaged because of our reconnaissance deficiencies.” -Lt. Gen. Bruce Knutson, USMC

Advanced/Hypermaneuverable UAVs: Why?? ... & the Role of Adaptive Aerostructures R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution “Folks... it’s going to take something Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 10 All overhead All overhead the same view the same surveillance gives surveillance To Flight situational awareness is situational awareness is Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! necessary in the modern battlefield. Panocular necessary in the modern battlefield. Panocular Current Platform Adaptive Aerostructures Labora from above. from above. -- -- offer monocular offer monocular UAVs UAVs Low-Level UAV Ops Challenge: New UAVs

situational awareness with only one general view Current situational awareness with only one general view Current New Tactics Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 11 To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! Current Platform Adaptive Aerostructures Labora

Sharing Airspace -- the fight at altitude

Changing UAV Operations R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 12 Predator To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! Current Platform Adaptive Aerostructures Labora

Current UAV Market R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 13 To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! or QuickTime™ and a MPEG-4 Video decompressor are needed to see this picture. Current Platform Honeywell’s Adaptive Aerostructures Labora “Micro Aerial Vehicle” (MAV)

“Organic Aerial Vehicle” (OAV) R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 14

flight vertical

conversion

takeoff

missile flight To Flight

conversion (concept only, never built) Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha!

braking

landing Current Platform Heinkel Lerche 1944 Adaptive Aerostructures Labora Coleopter Coleopter Paradigm Shift... Hypermaneuverable UAVs Configurations Configurations Heinkel Wespe 1944

(concept only, never built)

Convertible Convertible Hover in more places than a helicopter Fly as fast a missile Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. Hover in more places than a helicopter Fly as fast a missile History and Background 15 US Pat. 6,502,787

DARPA DARPA To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! Current Platform XQ-138 Program 2001 - Heinkel Wespe 1944 Adaptive Aerostructures Labora

more control authority

needed for MOUT environment Hypermaneuverable UAVs

AA-12 (R-77)

(Aamraamski) high control authority grid/lattice fins R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 16

Xition

Descent

VL & Shutdown C), 100% humidity C), 100% humidity C), ° °

Xition F (38 F (38 autostart autostart Cruise, 10km, 50 (140)kts 10km, Cruise, ° ° 140kts for 1hr (blue sky) 140kts for 1hr (blue sky) To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary 40/100 40/100 15g MOUT wall strike 15g MOUT Sandstorm capable to 100kts Vmax - Combat shotgun resistant @5m Land + 15g MOUT wall strike 15g MOUT Sandstorm capable to 100kts Vmax - Combat shotgun resistant @5m Land + • • • • • • • • • • • • tory… from Aha! Climb Release 500g P/L lux,FLIR lux,FLIR HOGE 5min HOGE

HOGE 10min HOGE Current Platform , Color 0.1 , Color 0.1 lux lux Adaptive Aerostructures Labora Descent

Xition 10min & HOGE gust penetration gust penetration kt kt

Cruise, 10km, 50 (140)kts 10km, Cruise, /hr (31cm/hr) rain /hr (31cm/hr) rain ” ” XQ-138 Hypermaneuverable UAV Sensors: B/W 0.001 Sensors: Flight modes: 1st, 3rd person, fully autonomous w/waypoint nav. Max. gross weight: 6.8lb (3.1kg) Max.payload weight: 2.2 lb (1kg) 12 25+ All weather capable Sensors: B/W 0.001 Sensors: Flight modes: 1st, 3rd person, fully autonomous w/waypoint nav. Max. gross weight: 6.8lb (3.1kg) Max.payload weight: 2.2 lb (1kg) 12 25+ All weather capable • • Mission Specification: Mission • • • • • • • VTO & Climb Specification: Mission • • • • •

Startup Xition Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. Mission Profile Mission Profile History and Background 17 ions gyros ary Miss n SAS system powerplant Sensor Transmitter Receiver GPS navigator Fuel tank 1.3hp (970W) Muffler ass’y To Flight piezoceramic Revolutio tory… from Aha! grid fin actuators ar turning Current Platform vane flaps MDO using best currently available technology MDO using best currently available technology Kevl Adaptive Aerostructures Labora turning vane flap actuators piezoceramic graphite racking grid fins mount/fuselage coupler actuators flight control magnesium motor XQ-138 piezoceramic

titanium powerplant housing

ballistic graphite & boron structure ballistic R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 18 To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! Current Platform Adaptive Aerostructures Labora Adaptive FCS Conventional FCS

XQ-138 Weight Fraction Trends... R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 19 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 (gmf) Weight Fuel, PL

120 130 140 Fuel, Payload Weight,(gmf) Payload Fuel, 290g Speed Kit 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

To Flight Fuel, Payload Weight,(gmf) Payload Fuel, Missions Revolutionary PBP 320g Due to Addition Actuators Useful Load 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 tory… from Aha! fuel ht Line Range, R (nmi) Current Platform g Strai Straight Line Range, R (nmi) Adaptive Aerostructures Labora Straight Line Range, R (nmi) GNC & mission packages 5% min. reserve thrust margin flight control system 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

3000 2500 2000 1500 1200

Payload-Range Diagram (gmf) Weight Gross Aircraft R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 20 To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor are needed to see this picture. Current Platform Flight Testing

Adaptive Aerostructures Labora R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 21 To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor Armored Vehicle Armored Vehicle Redstone Arsenal Redstone Arsenal are needed to see this picture. Current Platform mode flight, stable hover and recovery mode flight, stable hover and recovery Adaptive Aerostructures Labora - - Redstone Arsenal, AL Remote Launch from Controlled Remote Launch from Controlled New Mission Testing... Demonstration of stable launch, transition, Demonstration of stable launch, transition,

missile missile R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 22 60 60 - - To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor are needed to see this picture. Current Platform Live Fire Shot against a T Live Fire Shot against a T BDA following Javelin Missile BDA following Javelin Missile Adaptive Aerostructures Labora New Mission Testing... Launch and Target ID against Ground Launch and Target ID against Ground Stalking Hovering Missile Flight Demonstration Stalking Hovering Missile Flight Demonstration

Eglin AFB, FL, Hellfire Range R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 23 To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary Shots Shots tory… from Aha! QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor Munition Munition are needed to see this picture. 40mm Recoilless 40mm Recoilless Current Platform Adaptive Aerostructures Labora

XQ-381 Mission Profile & Spec. 40mm Weaponized Aircraft R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 24 To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha!

FAQ-381 Current Platform

Hypermaneuverable Adaptive Aerostructures Labora

(CCAS) Hovering Missile

Collocated Close Air Support

Now where??? R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 25 To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! Loiter Loiter >380kts >380kts Vbr Vbr Current Platform >5hr >5hr Vmax Vmax • • • • suites suites Adaptive Aerostructures Labora coms coms The Next Generation: FAQ-381 Large Sector Coverage Full sensor & MGWTO ~50 lb >3hr HOGE Collocated Close Air Support Collocated Combat resistant Large Sector Coverage Full sensor & MGWTO ~50 lb >3hr HOGE Collocated Close Air Support Collocated Combat resistant

• • • • Enhanced Mission Specs: • • • • • • Enhanced Mission Specs: • • R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 26 To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! Current Platform Adaptive Aerostructures Labora

The Next Generation: FAQ-381 R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 27 ions ary Miss n To Flight Revolutio tory… from Aha! Afghanistan: 5 Base Coverage for 20 min Response Afghanistan: 5 Base Coverage for 20 min Response Current Platform Adaptive Aerostructures Labora

Iraq: 4 Base Coverage for 20min Response Iraq: 4 Base Coverage for 20min Response The Next Generation: FAQ-381 CCAS R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 28 To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! loiter/orbit loiter/orbit ” ” Current Platform indefinite indefinite Adaptive Aerostructures Labora “ “ The Next Generation: FAQ-381 CCAS

Tankers enable Tankers enable R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 29 r Afghanistan r Afghanistan To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! 10 Track Coverage fo 10 Track Coverage fo Current Platform Adaptive Aerostructures Labora

9 Track Coverage for Iraq 9 Track Coverage for Iraq The Next Generation: FAQ-381 5 min CCAS Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 30 To Flight Revolutionary Missions Revolutionary tory… from Aha! QuickTime™ and a Cinepak decompressor are needed to see this picture. millimeter navigation precision, millimeter navigation precision, Current Platform - - Sub Sub Adaptive Aerostructures Labora exacting stabilization, gust insensitivity exacting stabilization, gust insensitivity

Precision Autorecovery R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R. History and Background 31 To Flight tory… from Aha! Adaptive Aerostructures Labora

Questions? R. M. Barrett 11 February 2009 Unclassified Distribution Unlimited Distribution Unclassified 2009 February 11 Barrett M. R.