An archaeological study of Mr. Bajinder Singh Assistant Professor Guru Nanak College, Ferozpur, Punjab Email: [email protected]

Jind is one of the of agricultural community whose pottery has . Jind was a separate Kingdom been recovered from a number of places before independence of .1 The such as Anta, , Beri Khera ( geography of basically ), Balu, Hatho, Rani Ran (Bata), includes vast upland plains stretching in Pahlwan, Dhakal (tehsil ), the northwest to southeast direction of Birbaraban, Barsana, Pauli and Karsola in Haryana. The district lies between 29°03‟ Jind tehsil. It is not yet possible to state and 29°50‟ north latitudes and 75°57‟ and from where these people had moved here 76°47‟ east latitudes. Jind district includes or to throw light on their socio-economic the north-central part of Haryana. It is life. However, on the basis of the evidence evident from the fact that the general of the nearby pre-Harappan sites like elevation of the district ranges between ( district), , 218 meters and 239 meters above sea and (Hissar district), level.2 it may be stated that these people possibly The area in which the Jind district lived in mud brick and thatched roof lies formed an integral part of houses, used wheel-made pottery, in the traditional geographical account. It terracotta and copper-made objects. derived its name after Jainti, an ancient Ritauli, Birbaraban, Pauli (Jind tehsil), and tirtha or sacred place founded in honour of Balu (Narwana tehsil) have yielded pottery Jainti, the goddess of victory as mentioned of the mature culture.3 in the and the Padma The Harappan site of Rakhigarhi in Purana. The antiquity of the district is Hissar district is about 15 kms from Jind established on the basis of the discovery of suggests the existence of such sites in Jind the pre-Harappa, the late-Harappa and the district also, but in the absence of Painted Grey Ware pottery at various excavations, it is not possible to go beyond places from the district and the mention of this surmise. After the Harappans, the it as tirtha in the Puranas further region was inhabited by the late-Harappan corroborates it. The district was first (1700 B.C.-1300 B.C.). The late Harappan occupied by a pre-Harappa Chalcolithic pottery has been recovered from many

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places in the district. No late-Harappan site kingdom of the under whom it has so far been excavated in the district, touched the height of glory. The king but on the basis of the evidence from the Parikshit, grandson of the Pandavas had adjoining areas like Mitathal (Bhiwani his second capital at Asandivat presently district), Bhagwanpur and Mirzapur Asandh in district, very close to the located near Raja Karna Ka Kila, Jind district. Parikshit, however, lost his , it appears that the life in the struggle against the Nagas of people representing this culture lived in Taxila. This defeat, later avenged by his mud bricks houses, used oval ovens and son Janamejaya, is symbolised in the epic thick sturdy Red-Ware. The discovery of tradition of the snake sacrifice which painted and incised terracotta figurines possibly took place at Sarpi Devi of possibly indicates their belief in animal Safidon.4 worship. The archaeological remains of pre- About 1000 B.C. with the advent Mauryan and Mauryan period have been of the Painted Grey Ware people, a new recovered from a number of places in the era dawned upon this district. The people district. The discovery of an Ashokan representing this new culture settled on the edict at Topra, pillars at Hissar and banks of the rivers of the Sarasvati and the Fatehabad and at Chaneti and Drishadavati and the region came to be Thaneswar in the adjoining districts known as the holy land of Kurukshetra. suggests that Jind area was also included Thus the district of Jind formed the in the Mauryan empire. After the fall of southern boundary of Kurukshetra is the Mauryas, the region witnessed the rise indicated by a later cultural development of several important republican tribes. in the form of the Yakshas or Dvarapalas at Among these the most important were of Ram Rai (Jind tehsil) and Barta (Narwana course the Yaudheyas, controlling tehsil). The sacred Drishadavati, probably, extensive area from Ludhiana to passed through places like Hat, Assan, Bharatpur in Rajasthan. The Yaudheyas Brah, Jind, Dhundwa and . The later submitted to the superior power of mention of various tirthas of the Jind the Kushanas whose coins have been district in the Mahabharta and the found throughout Kashmir, Punjab, Puranas points to the continuance of Haryana, Mathura and other adjoining activities of the Aryans. The region came regions during the time of Kushanas. The under the sway of the Bharatas, Purus and discovery of Kushana coins from the Kurus and was included in the Anta of Safidon tehsil confirms that area

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was under the Kushanas. The discovery of where traders came from different places hoard of Kushana coins, Kushana for best quality horses. It possibly coin moulds from Narangabad in Bhiwani developed into important centre of district and crude imitation of coin types itinerant trade.6 of Vasudeva I from Jind district further Jind has number of archaeological support that region was important. The sites to name a few. Akalgarh village discovery of Kushana pottery from the located 29 Km away from Jind in the district suggests that the Kushanas were north-east direction, revealed an ancient ruling in this part of the country and their settlement within the revenue area of the mints were located in those places. After village. In the north side of the village the decline of the Kushanas power, the there is an ancient settlement which is 2 Yaudheyas again asserted their hectare in size. The shape of the independence some time during the third settlement seems to be oval. The mound century AD and were actively has been mostly disturbed and presently it participating in the political activities of is under cultivation. The sherds of late the region. Harappan pottery have been found from The coins of Yaudheyas have been the area. Amarheri village is 5 Km of the found throughout Haryana Sonipat, Jind city on the Jind- road. It is , Rania, Anawali, Karontha, , locally known as Khera. Amar Singh , Hissar, Assan, Jaijaiwanti and Anta. reported late Harappan remains from this 8500 coin moulds of Yaudheyas have site. The early Harappan pottery remains been found from Narangabad alone.5 In in the form of dish-on-stand, bowls, jars, the fourth century A.D., they submitted to knobbed lids, storage jar and sand vases Samudragupta. After the fall of the Guptas have been found from this site. Some they were subjugated by the Hunas. In the terracotta and faience bangles were found seventh century AD Haryana formed part during the exploration.7 Anupgarh village of the region called Srikantha and was is located about 7 Km north of the Julana. under the Pushyabhutis of Thaneshwar. There are two archaeological sites in this Under the Pushyabhutis, the region area. It was also locally known as Khera. attained the pinnacle of glory. The The earlier works reported late Harappan archaeological ecxcavations have also remains at the site. Some faience bangles confirmed that place was of importance were also collected from the site. Another under king Harsa. in the region of site lies about 1½ Km north of this Haryana became centre of horse trade village. The whole site is under cultivation

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spreading over an area of about 2 hectare. early Harappan and late Harappan It has the remains of mature Harappan periods.11 period. The shapes of pottery found Barar Khera village is located included dish-on-stand with a flaring rim, about 12 km northwest of Julana. It is an bowls and beakers.8 Asan village lies ancient settlement in the revenue area of about 13 km east side of the Jind city. the village. It spreads over an area of There are two archaeological sites Asan I about 1 hectare. It has yielded the remains and Asan II. Asan I is located roughly of the late Harappan and Medieval 500m south of the village and on the right times.15 Baroli village is situated about 14 side of the Asan-Birdhana cart-track. The km north of the Jind. An archaeological site spreads over an area of about 1 site is situated 600m southwest of the hectare. The site is locally known as village. The total area of the site Battha wala. It yielded the remains of approximately is 4 hectare. This site was early Harappan, late Harappan and initially discovered by Amar Singh. The Painted Grey Ware periods. The terracotta late Harappan and Painted Grey Ware bangles and beads were found from this pottery has been found from the area site. Asan II site of the village is situated mainly in the form of bowls, basins and about 1 km southeast of the village. It has dishes.12 yielded the remains of the historical Barsana village lies about 15 km period mainly „V‟shaped bowls, vases and northwest of Jind. An archaeological site storage jars.9 is located about 1 km southeast of the Ashragarh village is located about village. It has the remains of late 6 km east of Jind. The site lies about Harappan, Historical and Medieval 300m east of the village. It is locally occupations.13 Bhaganwala village lies known as Pir-wala-khera. This site has about 2 km southeast of the Barsana yielded evidence of Late Harappan, Village. The site spreads over an area of Painted Grey Ware, Historical and about 1 hectare. This site has yielded the Medieval periods. The fragments of remains of early Harappan and late faience bangles and beads were collected Harappan and Historical culture. A few from here.10 Barah Khurd village is fragments of terracotta bangles and located about 6 km northwest of the Jind faience bangles were also found from city. There is an ancient settlement in the here.14 Bibipur village is located about 9 revenue area of the village. The site has Km from Jind. The site is situated about 2 yielded the remains of the pre- Harappan, km southeast of the present village

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habitation. The pottery sherds are habitational deposits of the site. The site scattered in an area of 2 hectare. The site has yielded the remains of Painted Grey has the remains of late Harappan and Ware culture.18 Historical culture. Bohatwala village is 22 The village of Hathwala lies about km to northeast of Jind city. About 1 km 30 km southeast of the Jind on the is south of the village. The whole site is Rohtak-Jind state high way. There are two now invalid and is used for agriculture archaeological sites Hathwala I and purpose. This site is spread over an area of Hathwala II. These sites are located about 2 hectare. It has an evidence of late 1 km north of the village. These sites are Harapan culture.15 locally knows as Manjewale Khera. They Budha Khera Lather is situated measure about 3 hectare in size. These about 1.5 km north of the Julana and sites have yielded the early Harappan, about 24 km southeast of the Jind city. mature Harappan and late Harappan There are two ancient sites Budha Khera antiquities.19 Iagrah village is situated Lather I and Budha Khera Lather II in the about 14 km west of Jind on the Jind- revenue area of the village. Budha Khera Bhiwani road. There are three ancient Lather I is locally known as Baniawala mounds Iagrah I, Iagrah II and Iagrah III. Khera. From both sites Harappan and late This is a habitation site. The potsherds are Harappan antiquities have been unearthed. scattered in the area of 15 hectare and the No other antiquity of later period has been height of the mound is about 10 m. It is unearthed from the site.16 oval in shape. The pottery remains belong Buwana village lies 13 km to the pre-Harappan, late Harappan, northwest of the Julana. It has Buwana I, Kushana, Gupta and Medieval periods.20 Buwana II and Buwana III sites which The excavation of the site can help us to have ancient settlement in the revenue have more information on the cultural area of the village. These sites have assemblage of the site. yielded early Harappan, mature Harappan, The village named Jaijawanti is and late Harappan antiquities.17 The situated about 10 km west the Julana. Chabri village lies about 14 km east of the There are two archaeological sites Jind city. There are Chabri I and Chabri II Jaijawanti I and Jaijawanti II. The archaeological sites in the revenue area of archaeological sites are 1.5 km east of the the village. The modern village is situated village.21 Jhmola village is located about 9 on Chabri I site. Therefore it is not km south east of the Julana town. There is possible to estimate the size and an archaeological site in the revenue area

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of village. It measures about 3 hectare and in area of about 2 hectare. It has been has been almost reduced to the ground reduced to the ground level and is under level for cultivation purpose. The site has cultivation. It has yielded remains of yielded antiquities of early Harappan and Painted Grey Ware and Historical late Harappan periods.22 Jiwanpur village cultures.25 Kharak Ramji village is located is located about 17 km northwest of the about 24 km north of Jind. There are three Jind. It occupies an area of about 4 hectare archaeologically important sites in the and its height is 3 m from the ground village namely Kharak Ramji I, Kharak level. Suraj Bhan reported that it was a Ramji II and Kharak Ramji III. These lie late Harappan site. A wall of mud bricks at the distance of 2 km west of the village. with typical ratio 1:2:4 has been seen up The mounds stand is 15 m high. These to the length of 4.5 m in the exposed sites have yielded remains of late section and surface.23 Kandela village is Harappan, Painted Grey Ware and located about 10 km north of the Jind city. Historical cultures. Kharenti village is This site lies about 4 km south east of the located about 10 km northwest of Julana. village. There are three ancient sites in the There are two archaeologically important village. The Hansi Branch Channel passes sites in the village Kharenti I and Kharenti through these sites. The site has yielded II. A Painted Grey Ware site was also early Harappan, late Harappan, Painted reported in the village. These sites are Grey Ware, Historical and Medieval adjacent to the western side of the village. cultures. Karela village is located about 14 These are locally known as Gujjarwala km southwest of the Julana. There are two Khera. The mound is partly covered by ancient sites in the village. Karela I and the present village habitation and is partly Karela II. These sites are about 1.5 km by an open area. These are 6 hectare in southeast and northwest. These sites are size. These have yielded remains of early habitation mound in nature and irregular Harappan, mature-Harappan, late- in shape measuresing approximately 5 Harappan, Painted Grey Ware and hectare. These have yielded remnants of historical cultures.26 early Harappan, late Harappan and Kandela is another important site Historical cultures. The important finds in Jind district. The village is located from the site include copper, slag, faience about 9 km north of the Jind. The site was bangle pieces and iron objects.24 explored by us in 2012-13. The Kear Kheri village is located about archaeological site is now used as 4 km northwest of Jind. The site spreads agricultural field. We noticed burnt bricks,

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pottery sherds and bones scattered on the east of the village. These sites are under site. cultivation and measure about 3 hectares. The village Kinana is located These have yielded the remains of about 10 km north of Julana. Before the historical and medieval periods. The independence the village was dominated incurved-sharp-edge bowls, red polished by Muslims. There are Kinana I and vases and storage jars etc. have been Kinana II. Kinana I site is located within found from these sites. the village area and totally occupied by The village Ludana is situated the modern habitation. This site is locally about 20 km northest of Jind and about 1 known as Khera. Some sherds of medieval km southwest of the village there is an pottery were collected from the streets. ancient site of archaeological importance. Kinana II site lies in the jurisdiction of the It is locally known as Ujad Khera. The village and about 2.5 km west of the site has yielded the remains of late village. The area around the site is known Harapppan, historical and medieval as Mamanwali thali. This can be dated to cultures. Malvi village is located about 10 the late mature Harappan period. Kunga km south of Julana town and about 25 km Kothi village lies about 10 km northeast of Jind. This archaeological site is about 1 of the Jind. The potsherds are scattered in km west of the village. This site is also an area of 1 hectare. It has yielded the locally known as Khera. Potsherds of remains of the late Harappan and early historical and medieval period were found historical periods. all over the mound. The main shapes The village named Lajwana Khurd include vases, storage jars, bowls and is located about 10 km northwest of dishes. The village Mando Kheri is Julana. The ceramic samples collected situated about 7 km northeast of Jind. This from the site belong to the late Harappan archaeological site is about 1.5 km and historical period. The other antiquities southeast of the village. The site has include copper ring, terracotta and faience yielded remains of the late Harappan, bangles. The village Lijwana Kalan is historical and medieval cultures.27 situated about 6 km northwest of the Nidana village is lies about 14 km Julana town and about 29 km south of the south of the Jind. The ancient settlement Jind. There are two Lijwana Kalan I and lies about 2 km southeast of the village. Lijwana Kalan II sites of archaeological The intact portion is now 0.5 m high and importance in the jurisdiction of this rest area is used for the agriculture. A village. Both sites are about 500 m to the huge amount of faience bangles and beads

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scattered on the surface indicates it should village. Rajgarh II is about 5 km south of be faience manufacturing centre. Nidhani the village. These sites are habitational village also had three archaeological mound in nature and irregular in shape important sites. This village is situated measuring about 5 hectares in size. about 14 km southeast of Jind city. Rajgarh II is locally known as Kheri. The Nidhani I, Nidhani II and Nidhani III are both sites are under cultivation. The sites the main sites of this village. These all have yielded the remains of early Harappn sites are under the jurisdiction of the and medieval periods. Ramgarh village is village. Each site is about 2 hectares in situated 5 km southeast of Jind. An size. These all sites have yielded the ancient settlement lies about 1 km west of remains of early Harappan, late Harappan, the village. It is locally known as Pun– Painted Grey Ware and historical pun-wala-Khera. The potsherds are periods.28 scattered in an area of 2 hectares and it is The village named Pauli is almost the same level as the surrounding situated about 7 km south of Julana town level. It has yielded ceramics of the early on the Jind-Rohtak road. The site is Harappan and historical periods. Some located about 2 km west of the village on terracotta bangles were collected as the Pauli-Jafargarh border. The ancient antiquities.30 site is spreads about 2 hectare in size. This Ramkali village is located about site has yielded the remains of the mature 17 km south of Jind. There is an ancient Harappan period. The collared jars, dish- settlement in the revenue area in the on-stand, vases, basins, terracotta village and about 1.5 km northeast of the triangular, „8‟ shapes, idli shape cakes village and about 150 km south of have been found.29 Pindara village is Ramkali Canal. This site spreads over located about 4 km east of Jind. The about 3 hectare and intact portion is about ancient site has about 700 m southeast of 1.5 m high from the surrounding field‟s the village. It has yielded the ceramics of levels. This site has yielded remains of the late phase of mature Harappan and early Harappan, late Harappan and Historical periods. The village namely Painted Grey Ware. A complete vases, Rajgarh lies about 6 km south of Julana pottery, ghata-shaped beads, terracotta and 29 km from Jind. There are two bangles and small fragments of copper Rajgarh I and Rajgarh II ancient sites in tools were collected from the site. the revenue jurisdiction of the village. Shahpur village is located about 10 km Rajgarh I is about 1 km southeast of the north of Jind. There is an archaeological

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site in the revenue area of the village. This witnessed, which is possibly wall of some ancient site is about 0.5 m high from the ancient structure. The size of the bricks is surrounding level. It spreads over an area 45cm and width is around 30cm. These are of about 3 hectares. It has yielded the well baked. On moving towards the village remains of the early Harappan and late we noticed a mound on the right side of Harappan cultures. Beads of steatite and the road. The mound is spread over more faience and bangles of terracotta and than one acre of land. A large number of faience have been collected as antiquities. antiquities have been exposed during The village Shamlo Kalan is located about digging by the people of the village. 12 km north of Julana. There are two We noticed a wall like structure Shamlo Kalan I and Shamlo Kalan II along the road. Similar sized bricks ancient settlements in the revenue area of recovered from the area. Several pottery the village. The sites are lies about 2 km sherds of different types were collected by northwest of the village. Shamlo Kalan I us from the area. We were informed that a site is locally known as Kheri. The sites human skeleton was also recovered from spread over an area of about 3 hectares the site. The villagers have planted number and 10 hectares in size and about 1.5 m of trees at this place. The pottery recovered high. These sites have yielded remains of is mainly of red, brown and black in early Harappan, late Harappan and colour. The evidence of pottery, sherds, historical cultures. The pottery dishes walls and bricks, indicate that the site was with drooping rims, jars with hooked under habitation for a long time. When did rims, copper bangles have been found the civilization come into existence here from the site. and up to when it remained occupied While exploring the site of Ramrai cannot be said exactly until the site is we noticed the material remains scattered excavated. The remains of Painted Grey on the both side of the road. There is a Ware were noticed by us. The bowls, temple which is dedicated to Parsuram it basins and dishes of medium to fine fabric stands on a high plinth. On one side of the and different shapes were seen scattered on temple there is a mound. We noticed the area. The bricks are typically red in several antiquities mainly pottery scattered colour. The wall of the structure is also in a very large numbers. Hundreds of exposed but it is difficult to say with bricks were also noticed by us. On the certainty what function it performed and to back side of the temple we noticed three which period it belongs. It appears to be a big mounds. The line of bricks was also large structure or a part of

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wall-which was a special feature of ancient 2012. They told us about a number of of ancient Indian urban settlements. sculptures discovered from the area in Possibly it was an important centre of 1993. These included images of Shiva, activities during ancient period. Parvati, Ganesha, Rama, and Vishnu. is a village in the Jind Presently there is only one specimen district which was explored by us in 2012. sculpture placed in the Bhutteswar temple. We have discovered a sculpture of Shiva The rest of the images are not traceable. and Parvati which possibly belongs to The people of the village noticed a ancient period. The date of the sculpture is wall near the village pond. When the area yet not clear. Naguran village is located on was dug the sculpture of Shiva and Parvati -Jind highway on NH 65. It is was found. It is made of a sand stone. The 165 km away from Chandigarh. It is in the Shiva and Parvati are shown sitting on north of Jind city. It is one of the most Nandi. The lord shiva is shown having developed village of Jind district.31 The four arms. He is holding a kamandala in local people who were interviewed by us one hand and trident (trishul) in the other during exploration in October-November hand. The hand holding trident (trishul) is 2012 provided an important information broken. The third hand is depicted regarding this village. According to them touching the lips of Parvati and the fourth number of sculptures and antiquities were hand is shown holding the serpent (naga). discovered from time to time from this The hair of the shiva is tied in a knot and village. It was earlier called Norangbad but snake is shown around his neck. The hand later its name was changed to Naguran. of shiva is shown stretching towards How far this is correct is difficult to say. Parvati. Large numbers of Muslims live in the The lord Shiva is shown seated village. with one leg stretched downwards. He is Naguran is an important depicted having three eyes. One foot is archaeological site. During exploration of bent inward and other is placed on the the village Harappan, late Harappan and head of Nandi. He is shown wearing a Painted Grey Ware sherds were seen necklace and earrings (kundal). A thread is scattered on the area.32 Recent explorations worn around Shiva and Parvati. The conducted by us in 2012 helped us to goddess Parvati is shown sitting on the left discover a rare sculpture. Mr. Parveen and thigh of Shiva. Both of them are depicted Dr. Kitab Singh two residents from the talking to each other. The hair of Parvati is village were interviewed by us in October also tied in a knot. She is shown wearing

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ornaments. She is having two hands. Her the forehead of an elephant and two teeth right hand rests on the shoulder of Shiva of elephant are clearly visible. and in her left, she is shown possibly The sculpture rests on a pedestal holding some . A long garland made which is made up of bricks. The of flowers can be seen adorning her neck. excavation and explorations in and around The sculpture of nandi is decorated. A Naguran village can help us trace the piece of cloth is seen on his back. The antiquity of this village. This sculpture was legs, horns and a tail of nandi are visible. possibly housed in temple but no traces of Another figure which is smaller in any temple structure of the period are size appears to be either holding visible on the surface. The horizontal kamandala or drinking something within excavation of the village can definitely the main sculpture. A dancing man is also help us to know more details about this shown. He is wearing something on his village and adjoining area. This rare head. His right hand is raised upward and sculpture will also disappear if it is not left hand downwards. Another smaller placed in some museum as many figure is shown holding a basket in his sculptures which were found in 1993 have both hands. The basket is full of already disappeared from the site. from which he is feeding nandi. A man sitting on an elephant can also be noticed. Notes and References He is shown wearing a big garland of 1 Census of India 1991, Series 8, Haryana, flowers which is hanging down upto his Govt of Haryana 1994, p. 8. feet. He is shown holding something in his 2 Ibid., Series 1, vol-6, Govt. of India 1988, both hands. It looks like a veena. The p. 80. decorated elephant is also seen in the 3 Buddha Prakash, “Glimpses of Ancient sculpture. A male sitting in front of the Hariyana” in Haryana Research Journal, nandi cross legged can also been seen. He Kurukshetra, 1966, vol.1pp. 11-16. is in meditating pose and holding a sitar in 4 T. Osada and A. Usegi, (ed.) Lingustics, his hands. Another small figure shows a Archaeology and Human Past, Kyoto, male wearing a crown. He has three hands. 2009. P. 77. He is carrying a trishul (trident) in his 5 Devender Handa, Tribal Coins of Ancient right hand and some musical instrument in India, New , 2007, pp. 149 ff. his left hand. Two decorated elephants are 6 Epigraphia Indica, vol. 1, pp. 242.244. also visible. A piece of cloth is shown on

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7 Amar Singh, “Archaeology of Jind and 27 Amar Singh, op.cit, p. 90. Karnal,” unpublished PhD thesis, 1981, p. 28 Amar Singh, op.cit, p. 92. 76. 29 Jind District Gazetteer, 1986, pp. 18, 19, 8 J.P. Joshi, et al, “The Indus Civilization: A 36, 41, 42, 258. Reconsideration on the Basis of Distribution 30 Amar Singh, op.cit, pp. 68-69. Maps”, in B.B. Lal and S.P. Gupta (eds) 31 Jind District Gazetteer, op.cit, pp. Frontiers of the Indus Civilization, p. 525. 110,123, 126. 32 Census of India, 2011, p. 133. 9 T. Osada and A. Usegi, (ed.) Lingustics, Archaeology and Human Past, Kyoto, 2009. p. 83. 10 Ibid., pp. 84-85. 11 Amar Singh, op.cit, p. 77. 12 Amar Singh, op.cit, pp. 74-76. 13 T. Osada., A. Uesugi., op.cit, p. 86. 14 Amar Singh, op.cit., p. 341. 15 Ibid., p. 77-78. 16 D.S.Dhattarwal, “Archaeology of Safidon Tehsil (Disrictt: Jind),” Unpublished M.Phil, Dissertation, K.U.Kurukshetra, 1978, p. 15. 17 Amar Singh, op.cit, p. 78. 18 Ibid, p. 78. 19 T. Osada, A. Uesugi., op.cit, p. 111. 20 Amar Singh, op.cit, p. 84. 21 Suraj Bhan, Excavations at Mithathal 1968 & other explorations in the Sutlej- Divide, pp. 125-126. 22 Amar Singh, op.cit, p. 85. 23 Ibid., pp. 85-86. 24 Ibid., p. 89. 25 T. Osada and A. Usegi, op.cit, p. 121. 26 IAR, 1966-67, p. 125.

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