Trends in the Field of Hybrid Automobiles
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Transfer inovácií 36/2017 2017 TRENDS IN THE FIELD OF HYBRID AUTOMOBILES Ing. Dušan Sabadka, PhD. Mercedes-Benz hybrid models, or in vehicles such as the BMW i3 with an on-board extension engine. Technical University of Kosice, Bosch sees great chances in the future market Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, especially for hybrid vehicles with external Department of Automobile ProductionMäsiarska charging capability. Already in 2020, more than 74, 040 01 Košice 10.5 million vehicles with this type of drive are to e-mail: [email protected] be produced. Sales of hybrid cars Abstract Hybrid cars are increasingly appearing on Sale of hybrid cars is constantly growing. the roads. They are a good perspective for moving And in a significant way, in the last period, year- from cars with a conventional combustion engine to on-year to tens of percent. Only in Europe, more another alternative drive. The paper deals with than 132,000 hybrids were sold in the first quarter tendencies in the field of hybrid drive of cars of of 2017. Selling non-rechargeable hybrids increased various car manufacturers. year on year by 61%. Plug-in hybrids went up by 13%. The world's best-selling hybrid became the Key words: automotive industry, hybrid cars, full first half of the 2017 Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid, hybrid, plug-in hybrid which sold nearly 27,000 units. INTRODUCTION At present, there is an increasing precondition for the occurrence and use of alternative cars. The main reasons are issues such as downsizing, increasingly stringent emission standards, environmental conservation, less consumption, and the like. Downsizing awaits the transition from trend to standard. Turbocharged engines are already available for almost all vehicles, whether small cars, SUVs or powerful sports cars. A great area for the promotion of the latest automotive technology is car showrooms and Figure1: Sale of hybrid cars in 2017 international technology congresses. Manufacturers took this space as an opportunity to present their From these data and statistics, it is possible own vision of the near future and even as a to assume a gradual but certain increase in the sale challenge to offer more than competition. and use of alternative-purpose cars as such. The Interactive technology such as touchscreens, presence of hybrid cars in this statistic is quite autonomous control systems, 3D cameras, and broad. Recently, plug-in hybrids are attractive, various sensors are the number one in cars today, providing a comfortable user option for the but the priority is still to reduce operating costs, classical user with the option of recharging the which means fuel savings by alternative methods. electro-accumulator. Reducing consumption According to statistics and estimates, the combustion engine has the best period ahead of electrification. For heavy and large vehicles, optimization of combustion engines alone is not enough. For example, according to Bosch estimates, ambitious EU targets for "fleet" CO2 emissions for 2021 will lead to hybrid drives for all SUVs. Bosch spends almost 400 million euros annually on the development of electrical mobility. Figure 2: Sales of hybrid cars in 2016 Today, 30 models with Bosch technology are Full hybrid also increased sales. Of course, produced in the US, China and German premium complete electric cars are also included in this manufacturers. Bosch components are used, among statistics, which are also popular in the US. The other things, in hybrid Porsche sports vehicles, main reason for the increasing production and 19 Transfer inovácií 36/2017 2017 subsequent sales is the pressure of automakers time to see the Vision E concept. It was already pushing the automotive industry, due to the ever- known that one of the first hybrid Škoda vehicles increasing tightening emission standards. was to be a Superb hybrid plug-in in 2019. Up to 40% of Toyota sales are hybrid However, Cristian Strube, the head of the brand for models. In Slovakia it is 35%. This means that development and development of new every third Toyota sold in Slovakia is a hybrid. sused ies, said in an interview with British Auto Hybrids are, of course, not just Toyota. The Express that there is another possibility. One of the following Figure 2 shows the best-selling plug-in first hybrid Škoda cars could be the sharp variant of hybrids in Europe in 2016. the new Karoq SUV. Volvo Volvo Cars, a manufacturer of sused vehicles, has announced that each new Volvo vehicle that will be available from 2019 onwards will be equipped with an electric motor. This means the historic end of vehicles fitted with an internal combustion engine only and puts electrification at the center of its future business. Between 2019 and 2021, the automaker will launch five pure electric vehicles, three of which will be Volvo models, and in two cases high performance electrified vehicles from the Polestar division, which is focused on high-performance vehicles within Volvo Cars. All details of these models will be announced later. To these five vehicles, a range of hybrid and 48-volt hybrid hybrid and 48-volt hybrid versions for all models are added. It will be one of the most extensive offerings of electrified vehicles that one car has ever introduced. Figure 3: Best selling plug-in hybrids in Europe for 2016 BMW Forecasts and Trends of Selected Automobiles The Bavarian carmaker is developing a new generation of „high electrical“ hybrid Lamborghini, Renault systems. Under this term, hybrid systems are The trend of decreasing consumption is capable of operating for the longest time in electric noticeable for all carmakers, including those with mode without loss of vehicle properties sused a sporting character. If a car maker decides to sused , practicality or comfort. Electric motors develop its own hybrid drive, it does so primarily cover two-thirds of total power. The manufacturer because of the general pressure to reduce emissions indicates that Power eDrive for Plug-in hybrids will and cost of operation. However, the opposite be a natural choice especially for higher-cost example may be Lamborghini, which has accessed vehicles. Focus on the electric part of the drive this trend from the opposite side, and the reason for shows a plan according to which the TwinPower using plug-in hybrid technology was to increase Turbo combustion engine only carries about one overall performance. Lamborghini Asterion has one third of the vehicle‘s power. Up to two thirds of the combustion engine and up to three electric with total output of 500 kW will be powered by the a total output of 910 hp. The average consumption Power eDrive system consisting of two electric of the Asterion is only 4.2 l / 100 km. motors. In the case of this concept, the combustion The Renault carmaker came up with unit only has a supportive function in the first place a particularly attractive vision of the near future of to significantly improve the level of conventional major cities. Recently, the prototype of the Eolab, drive and, secondly, for additional power at which reduces the fuel consumption to an maximum acceleration. Thanks to lithium-ion incredible one liter for a hundred kilometers of ride. batteries with a capacity of 20 kilowatts, the The car retains a generously sized cockpit, visually expected turn-around for pure electric drive will appealing interior with a pair of displays and reach the 100 km limit. expressive body design and front mask. Škoda Auto Honda The electrification of the models of the The Honda CR-V of the fifth generation is Mladá Boleslav car factory is starting to speak more by no means a novelty. The Japanese automaker and more. Just a few months ago, it was the first showed it in November at Los Angeles Motor Show 20 Transfer inovácií 36/2017 2017 in November, but sus not sold in Europe yet. In towards zero-emission electric cars. At the moment, Europe, Honda plans to launch the CR-V Hybrid in we are acutely aware that global sources of fossil an ecological plug-in hybrid that replaces the diesel fuels, which are the main raw material for fuel engine version. The Honda CR-V Hybrid will be an production, are limited, so the search for new electromobile with extended range. Under the hood, sources of propulsion and lesser use of the current it combines atmospheric petrol 4-cylinder i-VTEC, are of utmost importance. Hybrid drive, although working in the Atkinson cycle, with a traction not a novelty in the world of technology, appears at electric motor and a motor generator. Honda‘s a time when one becomes aware of the importance whole name is called i-MMD (Intelligent Multi- of protecting the environment as well as its Motor Drive). The main merit of the drive will be fragility. Hybrid drive shows how the automotive an electric motor, an unknown power yet, pumping industry is evolving. It's a switch to an electric car, energy from li-ion batteries. sus sused up, the a car that uses only electricity, directly polluting drive will take the gasoline unit into the role of the our surroundings. Using either electricity from the power generator. grid or, more particularly, fuel cells, because they really do not harm our environment, whose waste is Use of new materials pure water, we can really benefit our planet. The development of advanced hybrid and electric cars are beginning to use the new References progressive and composite materials to improve driving a performance car. An example may be 1. HROMÁDKO, J. Speciální spalovací motory a BMW. The new BMW i3‘s entire body-in-white is alternativní pohony. Praha : Grada Publishing, made of carbon fiber composites, a first in 2012.