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Index
Abed, Fazle Hasan 108–9 Austrian wine 128 Accion 107–8 Azteca, Banco 110, 111 Adams, William 60 agribusiness 42 Bailey, William J. 59 agriculture. see also farmers Bajaj, Jamnalal 11, 252 conventional 127 BAMAG 35–6 farming techniques 155 Bangladesh 11, 93, 94, 106, 108, fertilizers, production of 38 110–12 usage 45 Bangladesh Rehabilitation Assistance waste “recycling” systems 30 Committee (BRAC) 93–5, Albet I Noya, Josep Maria 160 108–9, 112 Allgemeine Bank Dagang Bali (BDB) 105–6 Müllverwertungs-Gesellschaft 47 Bank Pasar Umum (BPU) 105 Alnatura 133 Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) 106 Amoco 70, 71, 74, 75 banks 15, 20, 95–100, 104–6, 112, animal carcasses 29 196 animal husbandry 15 Bansal, Sanjay 177 anthroposophy 95–6, 99, 104, 112, Barclays Bank of Kenya 109 122, 126, 137, 253 Barkhoff, Wilhelm Ernst 96 Anthropocene 19 Barton, Dominic 17 anti-Semitism 49, 50, 233 Bauhaus movement 62 appellation d’origine contrôlée (AOC) B-Corps 245 158 Belich, James 141 Applied Solar Energy (ASE) 74 beliefs, religious 12 ARCO. see Atlantic Richfield Oil Bell Laboratories 63–4 Company (ARCO) Benjumea, Felipe 80 ARCO Solar 71 Berle, Adolphe 6 Argentina, national parks in 229, 235, Berlin. see also Germany 239 collection ventures 42–3 Arizona conference 64 dumping grounds 32 ASE. see Applied Solar Energy dust-free collection 31 (ASE) dust-free service 34 Association for Nonprofit Waste waste disposal in 35 Recovery 47 Berliner Müllabfuhr AG (BEMAG) Atlantic Richfield Oil Company 33, 34, 36, 43 (ARCO) 69 Berlin garbage 37 atmospheric carbon dioxide 238 Berman, Elliot 68–9, 84, 253 Australia 64, 81, 134, 154, 159, 164, Bien, Amos 203, 212–13 167 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 16
257
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bio-climatic architecture 63 Budowski, Tamara 203, 209, 210–11, biocosmology 72 219 biodiversity 197–9, 239 Building Societies Commission 101 Costa Rica benefits from 21 bureaucratic narrowness 33 loss 239 Burt’s Bees 242 biodynamic certification 127, 157, business 161–3, 170, 174–5 ethical responsibility of 7 Biodynamic Farmers and Gardening growth of 8 Association 126–7 leaders 11–12 biodynamic winemaking methods paternalism, traditions of 1 158–63, 179, 177, 181 philanthropy 5, 16 biodynamic wines 155, 157,162, 179, responsibilities of 7, 8, 14–15 181 schools, creation of 5–6 BioGro standard (New Zealand) 127, of solar energy (see solar energy) 130, 131, 136, 137 and waste management in Europe biological diversity 232 (see waste management) birdwatchers 212–13 business responsibility 8–12 Birla, G.D. 11 business leaders on 13–14 Bodenkulturmatte 37 business responsibility in era of Boerner, Franz 37–8 modern industrialization 1–4 Bolivia 41 concepts of 1, 8, 19 Bonetti, Paul 172 depression and aftermath 5–8 Bonterra wine 163, 165 discourses on 13 Bowen, Howard 13, 18 for natural environment 18 Boza, Mario 200 and quarterly capitalism 15–18 Braulio Carrillo national park 199 radical concepts of 12 Brazil 58, 107 radical views of 10 British/Britain to society 17 dust-free systems 31 stakeholder capitalism in postwar exchange rate 98 decades 12–15 food production systems 125 traditions of 5 homes 81 “buy-to-let” properties 101 incineration plants in 35 “buy-to-renovate-to-let” option 101 organic winemaking in 160–1 retailers 130–31 Caballero, Rafael Rodríguez 198 self-build real estate market within Cadbury, George 3, 17, 18 101 CAG. see Charlottenburger solar heating systems 81 Abfuhrgesellschaft (CAG) solar industry in 80, 81–2 California solar space heating system in 81 property tax 74 supermarkets in 169 trade fairs 139 British Petroleum (BP) 71, 75, 81–2, vineyard acreage in 180 83 California Certified Organic Farmers Brown-Forman Corp 164–5 (CCOF) 171 Brown, Jerry 67, 74 California Sustainable Winegrowing Brundtland Commission report 95 Alliance’s (CSWA) certification Budapest’s city waste collection 42 program 164
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Calvinist beliefs 2 Charlottenburger Abfuhrgesellschaft capitalism 1–2, 6, 12, 17–18, 21, 229 (CAG) 43, 44, 46–7 Anglo-Saxon model of 15 Charlottenburg service 48 ethical 10 Chauvet, Jules 158 financial markets for 20 chemicals 36, 122, 126–7, 155, functions of 9 163–5, 219, 236, 243 history of 1 delivery systems 155 industrial 3 synthetic 157–9, 169,177 legitimacy of 16 Chernobyl nuclear power station 82, longer-term 17 141 morality of 2 chiffoniers 39 reinvention of 17 Chile 59, 165, 231, 233, 235, 246 responsibility of 15, 16–17 China 9–10, 85, 93, 122, 177, 178 trustee model of 10, 11 Chouinard Equipment 236 welfare 4 Chouinard, Yvon 21, 229, 231, 237, capitalist enterprises 1 245 carbon sequestration 237 accusations of greenwashing 245 Caribbean Conservation Corporation birth of 230 (CCC) 197–8, 211 green capitalism 237 Carnegie, Andrew 4–5, 242 supply-chain benchmarking 241 Carr, Archie 197–8 Christianity 1–2 Carson, Rachel 137, 202 Christian values of founders 2 Carter, President Jimmy 67 Citigroup 103 Catholic Christianity 2 Clendenen, Jim 176 CCC. see Caribbean Conservation Coca-Cola 171 Corporation (CCC) Coles, Carlos 204–5 CCOF. see California Certified collection wagons 32 Organic Farmers (CCOF) combustible fuels 58 Celestial Seasonings 178 commercial goods and services 13 ceramic semiconductor packages 76 commercial market 202 Ceres Wholefoods 136, 137, 139 Commonsense Organics 137–8 Certification 63, 123, 127, 131, 132, Communications Satellite Corporation 137, 140, 142, 155, 156, 158, (COMSAT) 69 161–2, 164, 170–76, 178, 180, communities, sustainability of 20 181, 207, 217–18 Compagnie Française des Petroles Certification for Sustainable Tourism (CFP) 79 (CST) 217–18 composition 37, 38 beneficiaries of 218 COMSAT. see Communications version of 218 Satellite Corporation (COMSAT) certified organic grapes 157, 173–5 Concha y Toro 165 CFP. see Compagnie Française des Confucianism 9, 10, 253 Petroles (CFP) conservation biology 198 CGAP. see Consultative Group to Conservation Land Trust 233, 235 Assist the Poor (CGAP) Consultative Group to Assist the Poor Chacón, Efraín 203, 214 (CGAP) 111 Chadwick, Alan 163 counterculture movement 161, 201, Chalmers, Elizabeth “Lippy” 135, 136 202, 207, 210 charity, importance of 11 Control Data Corporation 13
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conventional tourism 194, 216 Daniels, Farrington 64–5, 84 Cook, Roy 160–61 Danish food market 133–4 Corcovado National Park 210, 213, Danish organic consumers 133–4 239 Danish Organic Food Council 131–2 corporate culture 10 Darjeeling tea 177 corporate donations 7 Davenport, Will 175 corporate fundraising 7 David, Donald K. 12 corporate information, force Decanter World Wine Awards 162 disclosure of 6–7 decomposition 38 corporate philanthropy 7, 13 deep ecology 232 corporate social responsibility (CSR) deforestation 233 1, 15 degradation, waste and 229 conventional 17 Demeter certification 122, 127, 137, corporate profitability and 17 157, 170, 173, 175 corporations 2, 13, 14, 16 Denmark 20, 40, 104, 123, 128, 140 Correa, Enrique 234 organic food market of 123, 124, Costa Rica 129, 131–2, 133–4, 141, 143 biodiversity 199–200 organic wine market of 156 domestic tourism in 202 scrap metal business in 40–41 economic and environmental social banking 94, 99–100 benefits to 216 distribution channels, creation of 123 ecotourism in (see ecotourism in Dodd, E. Merrick 7 Costa Rica) Dolan, Paul 163–4, 172 Expeditions in 1978 205–6 Donham, Wallace 6 Forestry Law in 1969 200 dust-free waste 29, 31–4 Internet service providers 206 Dutch exchange rate 98 lifestyle in 204 park system 200 EBS. see Ecology Building Society preserving nature in 198 (EBS) system of parks and private reserves ecological architecture 18–19 206 Ecology Building Society (EBS) tourism enterprises 202 100–102, 112 Costa Rican Tourism Institute (ICT) ecology, terminology of 216–17 196, 211 ecosystem 34 Coturri, Tony 161, 163, 176 ecotourism in Costa Rica 21, 194–5, Country Calendar television program 199 127 “commercial” form of 209 CSR. see corporate social debt crisis 197 responsibility (CSR) deforestation rates 195 CST. see Certification for Sustainable domestic beach tourism 195 Tourism (CST) ecolodges and private reserves Cultura Bank 100 212–16 economic and social outcomes dairy cooperatives, consolidation of 216–20 131 emergence of 195 dairy farming 141 enterprises in 203 Damalas, Jim 203, 218–19 entrepreneurial pioneers 201–12
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entrepreneurs in 216 environmentally-minded entrepreneurs environmental protection 197 201 growth of 194, 253 environmental problems, awareness of international surveys 194 76 national parks 196 Environmental Protection Agency 69 natural endowment and institutional environmental sustainability 11, 244 foundations 195–7 Escoffery, Charles 65 scientists, NGOs and national parks “Es-Em” system 34 197–201 Esprit 21, 229, 232 varieties of tourism 196 Essen de-tinning facility 41 ECOVIN 170–71, 173 ethical capitalism 10 Edaphon’s method 38 EU organic wine regulations 170–71, Egypt 60–61, 63, 253 Eiichi, Shibusawa 8–9, 17, 20, 252 173–6 E. & J. Gallo Winery 164 EUREP. see Euro-Retailer Produce Ekobanken 100 Working Group (EUREP) electrical power 41 European Commission 99, 173, 175 electricity 43 Europe, biodynamic movement in 137 distribution, structure of 83 Euro-Retailer Produce Working Group grids, equipment for 80 (EUREP) 130–31 electrolysis 41 Ewing, Diane 203, 215 electronic corporations 74–5 Ewing, Jack 203, 215–16 Ellis, Paul 101, 102 export markets, productivity for 126 Emiliana Vineywards 165 Exxon 69, 74 employees welfare 3 employment 4 Fair Share Fund 104 enabling mechanism 102 Fairtrade certification of tea 178 encroachment 233 Fællesforeningen for Danmarks Eneas, Aubrey 59, 84 Brugsforeninger (FDP) 131–2 energy farmers conservation programs 66 in New Zealand 125–6, 140 generators 82 use for urban wastes 30 massive consumers of 61 farm/farming systems, research on 60 composted waste for 37 Energy Tax Act 67 intensification of 126 Enron 75 mechanization on 37 entrepreneurial disposal firms 30 FDP. see Fællesforeningen for entrepreneurial philanthropy 235, 242 Danmarks Brugsforeninger entrepreneurial success, cultural basis (FDP) of 2 Ferrer, José Figueres 196–7 entrepreneurs fertilizers 30, 39, 43 impact of 21, 229 synthetic 36, 156, 176 in organic retailing 142 waste-based 29–30, 36–9 environmental degradation 21, 229 fertilizing value 37 environmental ecosystems 239 Fields, Archie 202–3 environmental education 217 Fiesta Wayfarers Holidays Ltd. 209 environmental externalities 239 financial institution, conventional environmentalism 207, 232 93–4, 97
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financial instructions 103 market for organic wine 156–7, Fonda, Jane 74 166–7, 180 Fonterra 132, 142 municipal governments in 30–31 Ford Foundation 66 organic winemakers in 157, 166–7, Forero, Margarita 209–10 170–71 for-profit nature tourism 202 policy for renewables 82 for-profit reserve 212 tourists 209, 213 fossil fuels 59, 60 production of organic wine 157, Foundation for Deep Ecology 232, 159, 170–71 234 Gerson, Kurt 36 Global Alliance for Banking on France Values (GABV) 93, 95, 103, organic wine 156–9, 167, 168, 171, 107, 111–12 180 formation of 93 solar energy in 74, 79 founding members of 94 Francé, Raoul Heinrich 38 global capital markets, demands of 17 Franz Boerner Müllverwertung 38 global financial crisis 93, 94, 102 Frey, Jonathan 163, 172 globalization 15 Frey, Katrina 172 global warming 28 Frey Vineyards 163, 172 awareness of 239 Frick, Pierre 157–9, 165, 175 global wine market Friedman, Milton 14 uniformity and industrialization in Fundación Social 12 158–9 consolidation of 164 GABV. see Global Alliance for GLS. see Gemeinschaft für Leihen Banking on Values (GABV) und Schenken (GLS) Galapagos Islands 64, 194–5 Goldman, Arnold 72 Galleon Group 16 Goldman Sachs 103 Gandhi, Mohandas 10, 12, 17 Gonzales, Felipe 80 economic views of 10 Gore, Al 103 forbade consumption of alcohol 11 governance of private property 241 ideas of trusteeship 10 Grameen Bank 107, 110 independence struggle 11 Grameen Group Lending Model 106 views on rural self-sufficiency 18 Great Depression 6, 8 gapponshugi 9 green banking 18–19 garbage cans 32 green business. see business Gemeinschaft für Leihen und green capitalism 237 Schenken (GLS) 94, 96–7 green entrepreneurship 229 branches for 97 ecology and Tompkins’ strategy General Electric 13 232–5 German Agricultural Society 43 entrepreneurial paths 230–31 Germany 82 environmental impact 237–45 chemicals and pesticides in 122 green capitalism at Patagonia 236–7 coal mines 61 greenwashing 216–17 collection workers 33 Grey, Zane 124 consumers 140–41 Guanacaste tourist region 196 dust-free collection 31 Guinness Peat Group 139 incineration plants in 35–7 Gumpertz, Simon 48
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Hamburger Abfallverwertung (HAV) selection of 46 48 incinerator 35 Hartl, Erich 166 producers 46 Hartl, Ursula 166 income inequality 4, 16 Harvard Business School 6, 12, 14, India 10, 11, 15, 16, 108, 122, 176–8 16, 17 poverty-alleviation methods 108 Harvard University 214 Indian tea producers 176–8 Harvest Soyfoods 135–6 individualism 2 HAV. see Hamburger Indonesia 41, 105 Abfallverwertung (HAV) local banking system 106 Heinz Company 4 poverty rate 106 Helios 74, 80 industrial capitalism 28 Henry Doubleday Association 127 values of 3 Henry Ford’s Peace Ship 7–8 industrial cities 29 Hershey chocolate company 4 industrial farming, growth of 122 Hilton, Conrad 5 industrialization 8, 18, 176–7 hippies 161 industrial paternalism 2–3 “hippy-type” stores 163 Industrial Revolution 2 Hitler, Adolf 8 industrial waste, types of 28 Hoffman, Leslie 65 inflation 33 Holdridge, Leslie 198 infusion of public capital 34 Holecsol 79 initial packaging design 163–4 Holland, Richard 217 instability 33 Honest Tea 177 institutionalization of economic Horizontes and Marenco 214 activity 2 household waste institutionalized salvage 43 caloric value of 48–9 intellectualism 72 disposal 48 Inter-American Institute of recycling of 43 Agricultural Sciences 197 sources-separation of 48 International Chamber of Commerce 8 Howard, Albert 122 international diplomacy 7 Howard, Andy 161, 169, 175 International Ecotourism Society Hudson, Dayton 13 Hughes Aircraft 71 (TIES) 194, 217 Hunter, Robert 198 International Federation of Organic Hutchison, F.W. 62 Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) 123, 127, 173 Ibrahim, Mo 16 international purchasing networks 41 ICT. see Costa Rican Tourism International Rectifier Corporation 65 Institute (ICT) International Year of Microcredit 110 IFOAM. see International Federation investment tax 67 of Organic Agriculture Isofoton 80 Movements (IFOAM) Israel, solar energy 72, 81, 100 Inamori, Kazuo 76–8, 84 Italian wine 128, 159–60, 167 incineration 35–7 Italy 39, 58, 74, 79, 94, 154, 156, advocates of 46 159–61, 166, 167, 180 critics of 38 Iwasaki, Yataro 8–9
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Jainism 10, 12, 253 Mackinnon, J. B. 242 Japan Majeed, Hakeem Hafiz Abdul 11 energy policy of 78 Malthus, Thomas 2 modernization of 8, 9 management movement 7 organic products in 168–9, 178 Mann, Alfred 65 rapid industrialization 76 Manuel Antonio National Park 219 solar industry 75–8 Marenco Biological Station 213 space program 76 Marks & Spencer 134, 169–70 Jian, Zhang 9–10 Maryland Bank 70 Jungle Tours 203 materialism 95–6 Mavie 168 Katahdin Woods 242 McDivitt, Kristine 231 Kaye, Michael 203, 205–7, 219 MD. see Mejeriselskabet Danmark Kebbell, Jim 137–8 (MD) Kenya 109–10, 194, 210 Mejeriselskabet Danmark (MD) 131 Kenya Women Finance Trust 109 Mercury Provident 97–8 Kiaora Naturals 135 Merkur Cooperative Bank 94, 98–100 Kikkoman 168 Mexico 12, 15, 64, 110 King, Franklin H. 122 MFI. see microfinance institutions Kitchen garbage 42 (MFI) Kiwi microenterprise 107 Kleppe, Mads 179 microfinance 20, 94–5, 104–13 Koch, Carl 62, 63 benefits of 108–11 Kramer, Mark 16–17 challenges of 107–8 K-Rep Bank 110 development of 104–13 Kuin, Pieter 14 in emerging markets 104–13 Kyocera Corporation 74, 76, 78 microfinance institutions (MFI) 95, 104–5, 111 LACSA 196 Miranda, Guillermo 213 Lamont, Juliet 136–7, 141 Mlavsky, Abraham 69 lands Mobil 69, 74 preservation, environmental impact modern business 18 of 239 modern industrialization 10, 20 restoring 239 modernization of Japan 9 Lever, William 3 Mogensen, Karen 198 Lewis, John 203,218–19 Monteverde 199 Lewis, Karen 203, 218–19 morality 3 Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Company Confucian concepts of 9 62 Morganstern, Adam 168 Lindmeyer, Joseph 69–70, 253 Mouchot’s technology 59–60 linen rags 40 Munich-Puchheim facility 44 Litton, Martin 207 municipal solid waste 38 Lodge, Río Colorado 202–3 lobbying 254 Naess, Arne 232, Lucas Industries 83 NASA space program 76 Lutheran beliefs 2 National Organic Program (NOP) 171, Lynch, Kermit 158, 165–7 175
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National Organic Standards Board oil companies 73 (NOSB) 171, 172 oil prices 58–59, 81 national park 124, 201 combination of declining 70 National Physical Laboratory 80 oil supplies, security of 65–6 national tourism revenues 217 Okelo, Elizabeth Mary 109 natural history tours 206 old waste collection 31 “natural” wine 155 openness 205 nature tourism 204–5, 208 organic agricultural methods 161 Naturforscher 39 organic agriculture 122 Nepal 194–5 organic certification requirements 175–6 New Resource Bank 94, 103–4 schemes 156 New Zealand organic claims, implications for 175 agricultural exports 127 organic farming/farmers 38, 157, 171 agricultural producers 128 costs of 159 consumers 140 growth of 20 conventional farmers in 130 movement 122–3 dairy cooperatives 132 in New Zealand 127, 129 developments in 132 principles of 122 farmers 125–6, 140 organic food 18–20 food exports in 130 consumption of 19, 168 organic agriculture in 126 distribution of retail sales of 133 organic distributor in 139 market in New Zealand 125 organic farming in 127, 129 per capita consumption of 123 organic food markets in 124, 132–3 organic food industry 122–5 organic food sector 20 agribusiness and policy 127–32 organic industries of 123 consumer market 132–42 organic production 132 origins of organic agriculture in per capita consumption 123 125–7 NGOs. see nongovernmental Organic Food Production Act 173 organizations (NGOs) organic kitchen wastes 29, 37 nitrogen “cycle” 38 organic movement in California 160 Nobel Peace Prize in 1987 197 organic producers 142 Noma restaurant 179 organic production 127 nongovernmental organizations organic products (NGOs) 18 consumer preferences for 180 NOP. see National Organic Program in Japan 168 (NOP) organic retailing, entrepreneurs in 142 Norris, William C. 13 organic supermarkets 169 NOSB. see National Organic organic tea, market for 176–8, 181 Standards Board (NOSB) organic waste 43 proportion of 30 Obama, Barack President 242 recycling 50 odors 37 organic wholesalers 134 Oduber, Daniel 200 organic wine 20–21, 96, 128, 154–81, OECD. see Organisation for 194, 218, 252–4 Economic Cooperation and acceptance of 179–81 Development (OECD) certifications 170–76
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consumption 21, 155, 180 philosophy 242 distribution 165–70 products 243 growing 161 self-assessment 240 industry 20–21, 154, 156–76 strategy 243 markets for 155–6, 164–70, 179–81 paternalism 1, 3, 5, 12, 241, 246 origin of consumer confusion 162, Pehrson, Lars 99 169–70, 176 pesticides 122, 127, 129, 133, 140, pioneers of 165 155–5, 158, 161, 172, 176, 178 production, growth of 128 philanthropy 4, 197 retail and distribution of 162, corporate 13 165–70 ideas of 12 organic winemakers 157–65 traditions of 1 obstacle for 157, 159, 161–3 Philips 14, 79 organic winemaking 165 photovoltaic (PV) in Britain 156, 160, 171 production in United States 72–3 methods 155–9, 161–5, 171 solar energy 79 Organisation for Economic solar manufacturer rankings 74 Cooperation and Development systems, installation of 80 (OECD) 125 Photowatt 74, 79–80 Organization for Tropical Studies Piko Wholefoods 135 (OTS) 198 Pliego, Ricardo Salinas 110–11 Orthodox Christianity 2 Plain Jane Dress Company 230 ORWINE Project 173 Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax, Reginald 81 OTS. see Organization for Tropical pollution 37 Studies (OTS) drivers of 61 Ouwens, Kees Daey 79 prevention 44 popular environmentalism 202 Pacific beaches of Guanacaste 195 Porter and Kramer 17 Palmer, Neil 167 Porter, Michael 16–17 Pan-American Highway 195 Portugal 58, 154 Papagayo Excursions 204, 211 poverty 11, 108–9 Papagayo Vagabonds 204 Primary Production Select Committee papermakers 40 Organic Working Group 129 parabolic solar endeavors 72 Prinetti, Roberto Stucchi 160 Paris Exposition in 1867 9 private capital markets 17 Park, Iberá 239 private property, governance of 241 Parsi community 10 private reserves 212 passive solar energy 59, 62 Producer Board system 128 Patagonia 230 progressive conversion 131 apparel business 237 Project Sunshine 77–8 environmental accounting standards proper execution 47 243–4 proprietary system 35 environmental impact of 239–40 Protestant work ethic 2 environmental initiatives 240 public health 36 food business 237 public institutions 4 longevity of 243 public ownership, substantial share of marketing strategy to 236–7 33
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public sector waste-service providers Rockefeller, John D. 4, 9 28 Rodale, Jerome 141 Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act Röhrecke, Bruno 37 (PURPA) 67, 73 Roman Catholicism 12 Pullman, George 4 Romanée-Conti wine 162, 168–9 Pumalín Park 234 Roosevelt, Franklin D. President 6 Pumalín sanctuary 235 Roosevelt, Teddy President 18 Purefresh Organic division in Rotterdamm international management 1997 139 conference in 14–15 PURPA. see Public Utility Regulatory Ruiz-Tagle, Eduardo Frei 234 Policies Act (PURPA) rural development 11 PV. see photovoltaic (PV) rural self-sufficiency 10 Ruth, Mary 203, 204, 219 Quimby, Roxanne 242 Ruskin, John 10
racial discrimination 13 salvage systems 35–6 Rainforest Aerial Tram 213 Salzburg plant 38 Rainforest Alliance ecotourism project Sammelkastensystem 32 206–7 sanitation 29 Rapanzul 133 Sanyo 74, 78, 83 Reagan, Ronald President 74 Savage, Jay 198 recovery systems 35–6 scaling 61 recycling scarce resources, usefulness of 48 clothing 237 scavenger firms 39 of household wastes 43 scavenging 50 industry 42 Schurig, Arthur 37 system 44 scrap waste 18–19, 252 business, importance of 49 Reid, Cecelia 204 collection 40 Reid, David 204 firms 39 religion, social values of 1–2 material 39 religious beliefs 12 metals 40, 49 renewable energy 18–19, 77–8 rags 49 conferences on 79 Sedlescombe vineyard 160–61 policy 82 semiconductor industry 68–9 reduced support for 73 separated wastes 47 Reñihue farm 233 sewage 38 resold scrap materials 44 sewerage 30 Reuther, Gisela 96 infrastructure 29 Revenue Act (1935) 7 sewer systems 30 rewilding strategies 239 shareholders 6–8 Ridgeway, Rick 236–7 Sharp 68,74, 76 Rijkens, Paul 14–15 Shell 74, 83 Río Savegre Valley 214 Shibusawa 12 roads, construction of 35 shared value concept 17 Roberts, Bary 203, 207–9 Shiga Yohkaichi Factory 78 Rockefeller Foundation 5, 64 ShoreBank 102, 103, 104
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Showa Oil 83 PV cells and new solar industry Shuman, Frank 58, 60, 84, 253 63–5 Siemens 74, 79, 82, 83 solar houses 61–3 Silent Spring (Rachel Carson) 135, terrestial market and entry of big 202 business 68–75 single-stream system 45 uses of 64 skepticism 80, 161, 209, 219 US oil company investments in 71 small-scale entrepreneurs 39 Solar Energy Research Development Smith, Adam 2 and Demonstration Act of Smith, Gus 100–101 1974 66 Solar Energy Research Institute smog free car 65 (SERI) 74 Snake Hill Road (Belmont, MA) 62 Solar Energy Society 64 social banks/banking 20, 94–100, Solarex 69–70, 71, 74 102–5, 112 Solarhart 83 social externalities 239 solar house 61 socialism 3, 12, 13 movement 61–2 social problems 13 Solar Power Corporation 68, 70 social programs in local communities solar platform, components for 80 13 solar power social responsibility 10 stations 74 exponent of 15 use of 60 social sustainability 244 Solar Power Corporation 68, 71, 75 societal responsibilities, debates on 7 solar radiation 58 societies, social and moral solar systems, private owners of 83 responsibilities to 6 solar tax credits 74 soft ecotourists 219 solar technology 70–71 soft nature tourists 218 solid waste 30 soil industry 28 organisms 38 source-separation system 43, 44 preservation of 38 South Shore National Bank 102 Soil Association 123, 171, 173 Spain, solar cells 68 organic winemaking in 156, experimental research on 79 160–61, 167 implications for 77 solar energy 58, 80, 83 solar collection plant 60–61 stakeholder capitalism 11 solar companies in United States 74 staubfrei (dust-free) collection 31–4 solar distributors 80 Staubschutz company 32 solar energy 19, 20, 58–9, 77, 81 Steiner, Rudolf 95–7, 112, 122, 125, emergence of parabolic solar 136–7, 157, 159, 164, 177, 253 industry 59–61 anthroposophical principles 96 in Europe 79–83 stewardship of objects 29 importance of 58 street cleaning 30 Japanese solar industry 75–8 functions 30 market for 67 vehicles 34 oil prices 65–7 street sweepings 38 potential of 65, 66 Strong, Maurice 208 pumps for agricultural irrigation 59 Student Christian Movement 7
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sulfites 155–6, 162, 164, 171–6, 181 traditional beverages 168 use by wine category 174 traditional Islamic practices 11 sustainability 1, 18–19, 200, 229 traditional retail businesses 236 of communities 20 traditional waste haulers 30 concept of 104–5 traditional winemaking methods 158 holistic visions of 165 transportation problems 33 sustainable manufacturing practices trash collection 31 241 travel business 210 sustainably-produced wines 163–4, Traverso, Franco 79–80 169 Triodos Bank 93–5, 97–8, 103–4, 112 Sweden, 40, 58, 62, 66, 198 Triodos Foundation 98 organic beverages and food 124, Tropical Agricultural Research and 129, 131, 133–4, 140 Higher Education (CATIE) 197 organic wine consumption 155–6, Tropical Science Center (TSC) 198 180, 253 Trossen, Rudolf 170–71 recycling 28, 42 trusteeship social banking 100 ideas of 10 United Nations Conference (1972) legal concepts of 10 66 Tyco 69, 77 Systembolaget 180 unani medicines 11 Tamura, Yasushi 168–9 UN Earth Summit 208 tar products 43 United States Tata, Jamsetji 10 business history 4 Techbuilt House 62–3 corporate paternalists 3–4 technological changes in paper debates 7 industry 39 food culture 162 terroir 157–9, 165–6, 180–81 microfinance 108 claimed differences in 158–9, 179 national parks 201 theory of giving, George Cadbury’s 3 oil company 69 Thoreau, Henry David 10 philanthropy 5 three-tiered rating system 217 Quakers 199 TIES. see International Ecotourism solar companies in 74 Society (TIES) urbanization, rapid acceleration of 30 Tikal Tours 208 urban populations 28 tin mines, potential exhaustion of 41 urban wastes Tompkins, Doug 21, 229, 230, 232–3, farmers’ use for 30 254 treatment of 37–8 birth of 230 US Department of Agriculture in Chile 233 (USDA) 172, 175–6 ecologism 237 Reñihue farm 233 Van der Ryn, Sim 67 Tompkins, Kristine McDivitt 21, 231, Varadi, Peter 69–70, 253 234, 235, 254 Verein für Gemeinnützige Tosi, Joseph 198 Abfallverwertung 46–7 Tourism Area Life Cycle model 217 Victorian-era tourism 123 Tourism New Zealand 124 Vintage Roots 167–8
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270 Varieties of green business
Von der Linde, Carl 43, 44, 45, 47 water provision 30 confident predictions 46 water purification technology 76 Vuil Afvoer Maatschappij (VAM) 37 Waters National Monument 242 Wattie Frozen Food Ltd 129 Waldorf schools 96, 112, 136 wealth disparities 4 Walnut Acres 123 wealth inequality 4, 16 waqf 11 Weber, Max 2 waste management 28–9 Wechseltonnensystem 32 alternative systems of 45 Wedgwood, Josiah 2–3 Charlottenburger Abfuhrgesellschaft Weleda 137 (CAG) 43–50 welfare capitalism 2–4 of composting 37–9 Wessberg, Olaf and “dust-free” waste collection Whitlock, Rodnie 137, 141 31–4 Whole Foods Market 133, 138, 169, and municipalization 29–31 178 rationalization of 31 Wille, Chris 217 recycling 43–50 Wilson, Louis 203, 204 salvage and recycling businesses wind energy 19 41–3 Windscale nuclear plant 80 scrap merchants 39–41 winemaking methods 154–5, 158–9, seeking profits in incineration 35–7 166 wastes. see also recycling organic 154–5, 158–62, 167, 170, agricultural and industrial reuse of 172–3, 176, 181 29–30 Wirtschafts-Genossenschaft Berliner agricultural use of 45 Grundbesitzer (WBG) 31, 33, 43 collection and sorting of 42 Women’s World Banking 109 collection, “dust-free” 29 Wood, Marion 137–8 and degradation 229 Worn Wear Program 237, 242 emergence of 29 Wright, Frank Lloyd 61–3 entrepreneurs, history of 28 household 43, 48 Yellowstone National Park 123 management of 19 Yerkes, Bill 70–71, 84 “modern” approach to incinerating Yosemite National Park 207 36 Young Men’s Christian Association nature of 28 (YMCA) 7 presorting of 42 Yunus, Mohammed 106–7, 110–11 “recycling” systems 30 “yuppie” culture 211 removal 30 separated 47 Zamudio, Andrés Azócar 234 waste-service providers 30 Zoroastrian 10, 12 waste-to-fertilizer industry 39 Zweiteilungssystem 48, 50
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Columns Design XML Ltd / Job: Jones2-Varieties_of_green_business / Division: Index /Pg. Position: 14 / Date: 7/8