DOCSLIB.ORG

ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA FENOLIK DARI KULIT BATANG Aquilaria Microcarpa DAN UJI AKTIVITASNYA SEBAGAI ANTIKANKER

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA FENOLIK DARI KULIT BATANG Aquilaria Microcarpa DAN UJI AKTIVITASNYA SEBAGAI ANTIKANKER ADLN_PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA FENOLIK DARI KULIT BATANG Aquilaria microcarpa DAN UJI AKTIVITASNYA SEBAGAI ANTIKANKER SKRIPSI OKKY PUTRI RAHAYU PROGRAM STUDI S-1 KIMIA DEPARTEMEN KIMIA FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA 2016 SKRIPSI ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI... OKKY PUTRI RAHAYU ADLN_PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SKRIPSI ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI... OKKY PUTRI RAHAYU ADLN_PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SKRIPSI ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI... OKKY PUTRI RAHAYU ADLN_PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA PEDOMAN PENGGUNAAN SKRIPSI Skripsi ini tidak dipublikasikan, namun tersedia di perpustakaan dalam lingkungan Universitas Airlangga, diperkenankan untuk dipakai sebagai referensi kepustakaan, tetapi pengutipan harus seizin penyusun dan harus menyebutkan sumbernya sesuai kebiasaan ilmiah. Dokumen skripsi ini merupakan hak milik Universitas Airlangga. iv SKRIPSI ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI... OKKY PUTRI RAHAYU ADLN_PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kepada Allah SWT, atas segala rahmat, karunia dan hidayah- Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul “Isolasi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Fenolik dari Kulit Batang Aquilaria microcarpa dan Uji Aktivitasnya sebagai Antikanker”. Naskah skripsi ini dibuat untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat kelulusan di Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Airlangga. Pada kesempatan ini, penulis menyampaikan ucapan terimakasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini terutama kepada yang terhormat: 1. Dr. Mulyadi Tanjung, M,S sebagai Pembimbing I yang telah banyak meluangkan waktu dalam memberikan dorongan berupa kritik dan saran untuk perbaikan naskah skripsi juga semua bantuannya selama penelitian. 2. Dr. Alfinda Novi Kristanti, DEA sebagai Pembimbing II, sekaligus dosen wali, yang telah memberikan kritik dan saran untuk perbaikan naskah skripsi, dan juga motivasinya selama penelitian. 3. Dr. Purkan, M.Si sebagai Ketua Departemen Kimia Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Airlangga, atas dorongan dan motivasinya. 4. Bapak Tamso dan Ibu Sri Mundari, kedua orang tua tercinta yang senantiasa memberikan doa dan motivasi demi kelancaran penulisan skripsi ini. 5. Ira Esti Rahayu, Ibnu Basuki, Friska Dwi Rahayu, Warsito, Zidane Satria Danuarta, Nayaka Sandya Kesuma, Keane Nixon Athallah, Amelia Meika Putri, selaku keluarga terkasih yang selalu memberikan dukungan dan semangatnya kepada penulis. 6. Tjitjik Srie Tjahjandarie, Ph.D, selaku dosen favorit sekaligus dosen penguji I, yang telah memberikan inspirasi, arahan dan masukan pada penulis. 7. Muhammad Zakki Fahmi, Ph.D sebagai dosen penguji II atas masukan dan arahannya pada penulis. 8. Ratih Dewi Saputri, S.Si,M.Si, yang turut membantu keberhasilan penelitian ini. 9. Rizky Ratu Balqis, Baharrani Dwi Kurnia, dan Erika Herdiana, selaku rekan berjuang selama penelitian. 10. Dini Oktavia, Dian Ningsih, Murobbiyatul Wathoniyyah dan Wahyu Sara Novita yang selalu menemani dan memberikan semangat pada penulis. 11. Syarfian Nur Asyisyah, Muafillah Shofah, Annisa Rachman dan Eva Agustina, teman satu kos yang tak lupa selalu memberikan motivasi pada penulis. v SKRIPSI ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI... OKKY PUTRI RAHAYU ADLN_PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA 12. Seluruh staf pengajar departemen Kimia Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Airlangga yang telah memberikan ilmunya. 13. Teman-teman Kimia Universitas Airlangga yang telah memberikan banyak inspirasi dan semangat dalam mencari segala informasi dan pengetahuan dalam menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini. 14. Teman-teman rekan satu kelompok dalam KKN-BBM Unair ke-52 yang tidak bisa disebutkan satu persatu atas dukungannya selama ini pada penulis. Penulisan skripsi ini masih banyak kekurangan, oleh karena itu kritik dan saran dari penguji serta pembaca akan sangat membantu dalam menyempurnakan skripsi ini. Surabaya, 25 Juli 2016 Penulis, Okky Putri Rahayu vi SKRIPSI ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI... OKKY PUTRI RAHAYU ADLN_PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA Rahayu, O.P., 2016, Isolasi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Fenolik dari Kulit Batang Aquilaria microcarpa dan Uji Aktivitasnya sebagai Antikanker. Skripsi ini di bawah bimbingan Dr.Mulyadi Tanjung, M.S dan Dr.Alfinda Novi Kristanti, DEA. Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. ABSTRAK Aquilaria microcarpa merupakan salah satu spesies dari famili Thymelaeaceae. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan struktur senyawa fenolik dari kulit batang Aquilaria microcarpa serta menentukan aktivitas antikankernya. Ekstrasi kulit batang A. microcarpa dilakukan menggunakan pelarut n-heksana yang dilanjutkan dengan pelarut metanol. Kemudian fraksinasi dan pemurnian dilakukan menggunakan berbagai teknik kromatografi, meliputi kromatografi kolom tekan dan kromatografi radial hingga menghasilkan dua senyawa fenolik, yang diidentifikasi sebagai 6-hidroksi-2-(2- feniletil)kromon dan 7-hidroksi-5,3’,4’-trimetoksiflavon. Struktur kedua senyawa fenolik ditetapkan berdasarkan metode spektroskopi, meliputi UV,HR-ESI- MS,1D NMR (1H-NMR dan 13C-NMR), serta 2D NMR (HMQC dan HMBC). Uji aktivitas antikanker senyawa fenolik hasil isolasi ditentukan menggunakan metode microculture tetrazolium technique (MTT) terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D yang memperlihatkan nilai IC50 berturut-turut 2884,03 dan 2494,59 ppm. Nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua senyawa tidak aktif sebagai antikanker. Kata kunci: Fenolik, kromon, flavon, Aquilaria microcarpa, antikanker vii SKRIPSI ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI... OKKY PUTRI RAHAYU ADLN_PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA Rahayu, O.P., 2016, Isolation and Identification of Phenolic Compounds from The Stem Bark of Aquilaria microcarpa and Their Anticancer Activity. This thesis is supervised by Dr.Mulyadi Tanjung, M.S and Dr.Alfinda Novi Kristanti, DEA. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. ABSTRACT Aquilaria microcarpa is a species from Thymelaeaceae family. The objectives of this research are to determine the structure of phenolic compounds isolated from the stem bark of Aquilaria microcarpa and to determine anticancer activity of these isolated phenolic compounds against T47D breast cancer cells. Extraction of A. microcarpa’s stem bark was done using n-hexane and followed by methanol. Fractination and purification were carried out using various chromatographic techniques, including flash chromatography and radial chromatography, yielded two phenolic compounds, which were identified as 6- hidroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones and 7-hidroxy-5,3’,4’-trimethoxyflavones. The structure of both compounds was determined by spectroscopic methods, including UV, HR-ESI-MS, 1D NMR (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), and 2D NMR (HMQC and HMBC). The anticancer activity test of both isolated compounds against T47D breast cancer cells by microculture tetrazolium technique (MTT) showed IC50 values were 2884,03 and 2494,59 ppm respectively. This result showed that these two compounds were categorized inactive as anticancer. Keywords: Phenolic, chromones, flavones, Aquilaria microcarpa, anticancer viii SKRIPSI ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI... OKKY PUTRI RAHAYU ADLN_PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS Yang bertandatangan di bawah ini, saya : Nama : Okky Putri Rahayu NIM : 081211532003 Program studi : S-1 Kimia Fakultas : Sains dan Teknologi Jenjang : Sarjana (S1) Menyatakan bahwa saya tidak melakukan tindakan plagiat dalam penulisan skripsi saya yang berjudul : Isolasi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Fenolik dari Kulit Batang Aquilaria microcarpa dan Uji Aktivitasnya sebagai Antikanker. Apabila suatu saat nanti terbukti melakukan tindakan plagiat, maka saya akan menerima sanksi yang telah diterapkan. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenar-benarnya. Surabaya, 25 Juli 2016 Okky Putri Rahayu NIM.081211532003 ix SKRIPSI ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI... OKKY PUTRI RAHAYU ADLN_PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA DAFTAR ISI Halaman LEMBAR JUDUL....................................................................... .................................... i LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ........................................................................................... ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .......................................................................................... iii LEMBAR PEDOMAN PENGGUNAAN SKRIPSI ................................................... iv KATA PENGANTAR..................................................................................... ............... v ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. viii PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ............................................................................... ix DAFTAR ISI..................................................................................... .............................. x DAFTAR TABEL……………… ................................................................................ xii DAFTAR GAMBAR……………………………….. ................................................. xiii DARTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................... xiv BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Latar Belakang ....................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Review of on the Basis of of 2014 CITES Quotas of Species Selected
    UNEP-WCMC technical report Review of species selected on the basis of the Analysis of 2014 CITES export quotas Part II (Version edited for public release) Review of species selected on the basis of the Analysis of 2014 CITES export quotas. Part II. Prepared for The European Commission, Directorate General Environment , Directorate E - Global & Regional Challenges, LIFE ENV.E.2. – Global Sustainability, Trade & Multilateral Agreements , Brussels, Belgium Published November 2014 Copyright European Commission 2014 Citation UNEP-WCMC. 2014. Review of species selected on the basis of the Analysis of 2014 CITES export quotas. Part II. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is the specialist biodiversity assessment centre of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organization. The Centre has been in operation for over 30 years, combining scientific research with policy advice and the development of decision tools. We are able to provide objective, scientifically rigorous products and services to help decision -makers recognize the value of biodiversity and apply this knowledge to all that they do. To do this, we collate and verify data on biodiversity and ecosystem services that we analyze and interpret in comprehensive assessments, making the results available in ap propriate forms for national and international level decision-makers and businesses. To ensure that our work is both sustainable and equitable we seek to build the capacity of partners where needed, so that they can provide the same services at national and regional scales. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP, contributory organisations or editors.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquilaria Crassna Pierre Ex Lecomte En Guyane : Approches Métagénomique, Biochimique Et Histologique
    Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 20 avril 2016 par : Auteur du mémoire Titre du mémoire, v.1.10 Thèse En vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur de l’université de Guyane Discipline : Sciences agronomiques et écologiques Spécialité : Biologie des organismes, biologies animales, végétales et microbiennes. Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 4 février 2020 par : CLARA ZAREMSKI Pour une production contrôlée d’agarwood d’Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte en Guyane : Approches métagénomique, biochimique et histologique. JURY Nadine Amusant Chercheure Co-encadrante de Thèse Amadou Bâ PU, HDR Président du Jury, Rapporteur Jacques Beauchêne Chercheur Examinateur Marc Ducousso DR, HDR Directeur de Thèse Marie Fleury MCF Examinatrice Christine Gérardin PU, HDR Rapporteur Franck Roubaud MCF Membre invité Ecole Doctorale n°587 : Diversités, Santé et développement en Amazonie « Tout ce qui arrive est le résultat d’une confluence. » Dr. Norin Chai « Les idées provocatrices sont légitimes, au moins pour s’assurer que ce n’est pas par habitude mentale qu’on exclut certaines possibilités. » Pr. Thibault Damour « Alba embarqua pour Tahiti le 13 Novembre 1851. » D’après Elizabeth Gilbert, The Signature of All Things. i ii RAPPEL DU TITRE Pour une production contrôlée d’agarwood d’Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte en Guyane : Approches métagénomique, biochimique et histologique. iii iv RESUME Aquilaria Lam. est un genre d’arbre tropical de la famille des Thymelaeaceae, origi- naire de l’Asie du Sud-Est. Ce genre compte actuellement vingt et une espèces dont le bois sain est de couleur blanche. Lorsque l’arbre est blessé, en interaction avec des micro-organismes environnementaux, l’arbre produit un bois transformé par sa forte teneur en composés secondaires.
    [Show full text]
  • Wood for the Trees: a Review of the Agarwood (Gaharu) Trade in Malaysia
    WOOD FOR THE TREES : A REVIEW OF THE AGARWOOD (GAHARU) TRADE IN MALAYSIA LIM TECK WYN NOORAINIE AWANG ANAK A REPORT COMMISSIONED BY THE CITES SECRETARIAT Published by TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia © 2010 The CITES Secretariat. All rights reserved. All material appearing in this publication is copyrighted and may be reproduced with permission. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must credit the CITES Secretariat as the copyright owner. This report was commissioned by the CITES Secretariat. The views of the authors expressed in this publication do not however necessarily reflect those of the CITES Secretariat. The geographical designations employed in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or its authorities, or concerning the definition of its frontiers or boundaries. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The TRAFFIC symbol copyright and Registered Trademark ownership is held by WWF. TRAFFIC is a joint programme of WWF and IUCN. Suggested citation: Lim Teck Wyn and Noorainie Awang Anak (2010). Wood for trees: A review of the agarwood (gaharu) trade in Malaysia TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia ISBN 9789833393268 Cover: Specialised agarwood retail shops have proliferated in downtown Kuala Lumpur for the Middle East tourist market Photograph credit: James Compton/TRAFFIC Wood for the trees :A review of the agarwood (gaharu)
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on the Malaysian Aquilaria Species in Karas Plantation and Agarwood Production
    International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 2017, Vol. 7, No. 4 ISSN: 2222-6990 A Review on the Malaysian Aquilaria species in Karas Plantation and Agarwood Production Mohd Fauzi Elias1, Husni Ibrahim1 and Wan Rusmawati Wan Mahamod2 Department of Biology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Malaysia Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i4/2911 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i4/2911 Abstract Malaysia is one of the countries which is rich in its flora and fauna bio-diversity. Malaysian forest products have been exploited since ancient times for its high economic values. One of these high economic value products is agarwood. Thymelaeacea is one medium-size family tree where it is estimated to consist of 50 genera and 900 species of which many can be found in Africa, Australia and Asia. Most species of Aquilaria in Thymelaeaceae family produced agarwood or ‘gaharu’. Aquilaria malaccensis is a species of the highest recorded number of planting by karas tree farmers and known as the primary producer of agarwood in Malaysia. Agarwood is non timber forest product it is one of the precious wood on earth and prized for its rich and wonderful fragrance. Agarwood is formed due to the phathological process as respond to fungal infection or chemically stimulated. This paper seek to understand in general the type of karas trees species most favoured by karas farmers and to know what other similar species that are capable of producing resin for gaharu products.
    [Show full text]
  • Lee Shiou Yih
    UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED Aquilaria SPECIES THROUGH DNA BARCODES AND IDENTIFICATION OF WOUND-RESPONSE PROTEINS OF Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. UPM LEE SHIOU YIH COPYRIGHT © FH 2016 8 CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED Aquilaria SPECIES THROUGH DNA BARCODES AND IDENTIFICATION OF WOUND-RESPONSE PROTEINS OF Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. UPM By LEE SHIOU YIH COPYRIGHT Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy © July 2016 COPYRIGHT All material contained within the thesis, including without limitation text, logos, icons, photographs and all other artwork, is copyright material of Universiti Putra Malaysia unless otherwise stated. Use may be made of any material contained within the thesis for non-commercial purposes from the copyright holder. Commercial use of the material may only be made with the express, prior, written permission of Universiti Putra Malaysia. Copyright © Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM COPYRIGHT © DEDICATION Praise be to the name of God forever and ever; wisdom and power are his. (Daniel 2:20) Special dedication to: Supervisory Committee ASSOC. PROF. DR. ROZI MOHAMED UPM ASSOC. PROF. DR. MOHD NAZRE SALEH DR. DHILIA UDIE LAMASUDIN Parents LEE MENG WAI & TING CHEK CHUI and Sisters LEE WAN SHUAN & LEE WAN TIEN COPYRIGHT © Abstract of thesis presented to the Senate of the Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED Aquilaria SPECIES THROUGH DNA BARCODES AND IDENTIFICATION OF WOUND-RESPONSE PROTEINS OF Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. By LEE SHIOU YIH UPM July 2016 Chairman: Associate Professor Rozi Mohamed, PhD Faculty: Forestry Over-exploitation in search of its valuable non-wood fragrance product, the agarwood, has put pressure on the survival of the endangered Aquilaria trees in the wild.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA MOLECULAR CLONING and CHARACTERIZATION of TRANSCRIPTS ENCODING TERPENE SYNTHASE GENES from Aquilaria M
    UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA MOLECULAR CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSCRIPTS ENCODING TERPENE SYNTHASE GENES FROM Aquilaria malaccensis Lam UPM WONG MUN THENG COPYRIGHT © FH 2018 7 MOLECULAR CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSCRIPTS ENCODING TERPENE SYNTHASE GENES FROM Aquilaria malaccensis Lam UPM By WONG MUN THENG COPYRIGHT Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, in © Fulfillments of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2017 COPYRIGHT All material contained within the thesis, including without limitation text, logos, icons, photographs, and all other artwork, is copyright material of Universiti Putra Malaysia unless otherwise stated. Use may be made of any material contained within the thesis for non-commercial purposes from the copyright holder. Commercial use of material may only be made with the express, prior, written permission of Universiti Putra Malaysia. Copyright © Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM COPYRIGHT © DEDICATION TO MY LATE GRANDMOTHER, Ng Yoon Hup MY LATE GRANDAUNTY, Ng Phaik Choo BELOVED PARENTS, Wong Yeen Seong & Lor Chow Thye BROTHER, Wong Leong Kit AND FRIENDS. UPM COPYRIGHT © Abstract of thesis presented to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy MOLECULAR CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSCRIPTS ENCODING TERPENE SYNTHASE GENES FROM Aquilaria malaccensis Lam By WONG MUN THENG August 2017 UPM Chairman : Associate Professor Rozi Mohamed, PhD Faculty : Forestry Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. is an endangered tropical tree that produces agarwood, a natural product well-known for its fragrance and medicinal properties, in response to external stimuli. Agarwood contains a wide variety of terpenes and phenylethyl chromone derivatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Inside Cover.Pmd
    International Union of Forest Research Organizations Union Internationale des Instituts de Recherches Forestières Internationaler Verband Forstlicher Forschungsanstalten Unión Internacional de Organizaciones de Investigación Forestal IUFRO World Series Vol. 30 Asia and the Pacific Workshop Multinational and Transboundary Conservation of Valuable and Endangered Forest Tree Species Editors: Sim Heok-Choh, Syuqiyah Abdul Hamid, Li Mei Extended Abstracts From the Workshop held in Guangzhou, China 5–7 December 2011 Jointly organized by: Asia Pacific Association of Forestry Research Institutions (APAFRI) Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry (RITF-CAF) In association with: International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) ISSN 1016-3263 ISBN 978-3-902762-15-3 IUFRO, Kuala Lumpur 2012 Recommended catalogue entry: Asia and the Pacific Workshop - Multinational and Transboundary Conservation of Valuable and Endangered Forest Tree Species. Sim Heok-Choh, Syuqiyah Abdul Hamid, Li Mei (editors). Extended Abstracts from the Workshop held in Guangzhou, China, 5–7 December 2011, jointly organized by Asia Pacific Association of Forestry Research Institutions (APAFRI) and Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry (RITF-CAF), in association with the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO), Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) and Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI). Kuala Lumpur,
    [Show full text]
  • TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE Vegetative Description Of
    Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci. 36 (S): 287 - 294 (2013) TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE Journal homepage: http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/ Vegetative Description of Three Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae) Saplings in Malaysia Lee, S. Y., Faridah-Hanum, I. and Mohamed, R.* Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ABSTRACT Plants’ reproductive parts are most important for species identification. However, trees such as Aquilaria species take many years to mature and produce flowers and fruits. Inconsistent and infrequent flowering periods may cause additional hindrance to classical identification. In this study, descriptions were made based on vegetative parts such as leaf, branch and bark for saplings of three Aquilaria species found in Malaysia. It was found that A. hirta sapling can be recognized through the densely hairy twigs, young shoots and axillary buds, undersurface of leaf, margin, petiole and midrib besides the strongly raised midrib, and usually unbranched habit; A. malaccensis through the many branches and white spots along main axis, entire leaf margin, slightly hairy leaf undersurface and midrib, and glabrous petiole; Aquilaria sp.1 from the lower branches that are nearly perpendicular to the stem and wavy leaf margin. These vegetative characters can serve as a basis for the correct identification ofAquilaria saplings when growers need to confirm their planting materials. Keywords: Aquilaria, identification, sapling, vegetative characteristics INTRODUCTION sought for its uses in perfumery, incense Aquilaria Lam., a genus from the family and religious purposes (Barden et al., 2000). Thymelaeaceae, is endangered tree taxa Aquilaria species are listed in the IUCN Red endemic to the Indo-Malesia regions List Appendix II, and regarded as highly (Mabberley, 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Aquilaria Rostrata</I>
    Blumea 61, 2016: 13–19 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651916X691196 Rediscovery of Aquilaria rostrata (Thymelaeaceae), a species thought to be extinct, and notes on Aquilaria conservation in Peninsular Malaysia S.Y. Lee1, R. Mohamed1 Key words Abstract After more than 100 years since the first discovery, Aquilaria rostrata, a critically endangered species listed in the IUCN Red List and presumably extinct, has been rediscovered in Terengganu State of Peninsular Malaysia. Aquilaria Here, we describe the history, taxonomy, ecology and conservation status of this endemic species, and compare conservation status our findings with the species description made from the first and only collection produced prior to this study. In addi- molecular identification tion, we present the similarities between A. rostrata and several Aquilaria species occurring in Peninsular Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia and neighbouring regions using molecular sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal DNA (Internal Transcribed single mutations Spacer) and chloroplast intergenic spacer region (trnL-trnF). Our morphological and sequence analyses support taxonomy the separate status of A. rostrata, a long-lost endemic species of Malaysia. Published on 24 February 2016 INTRODUCTION Peninsular Malaysia. The nuclear ribosomal ITS (nrITS) region and the intergenic spacer region trnL-trnF are known to be Aquilaria is a genus of about 20 species (IPNI 2015), distrib- strong and reliable molecular markers to support morphologi- uted mainly in the Indo-Malesian region, although the actual cal identification in the genus Aquilaria (Eurlings & Gravendeel number of recognized species in the genus is still a subject of 2005, Kiet et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Rediscovery of <I>Aquilaria Rostrata</I> (<I>Thymelaeaceae</I>), a Species Thought to Be Extinct, and No
    Blumea 61, 2016: 13–19 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651916X691196 Rediscovery of Aquilaria rostrata (Thymelaeaceae), a species thought to be extinct, and notes on Aquilaria conservation in Peninsular Malaysia S.Y. Lee1, R. Mohamed1 Key words Abstract After more than 100 years since the first discovery, Aquilaria rostrata, a critically endangered species listed in the IUCN Red List and presumably extinct, has been rediscovered in Terengganu State of Peninsular Malaysia. Aquilaria Here, we describe the history, taxonomy, ecology and conservation status of this endemic species, and compare conservation status our findings with the species description made from the first and only collection produced prior to this study. In addi- molecular identification tion, we present the similarities between A. rostrata and several Aquilaria species occurring in Peninsular Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia and neighbouring regions using molecular sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal DNA (Internal Transcribed single mutations Spacer) and chloroplast intergenic spacer region (trnL-trnF). Our morphological and sequence analyses support taxonomy the separate status of A. rostrata, a long-lost endemic species of Malaysia. Published on 24 February 2016 INTRODUCTION Peninsular Malaysia. The nuclear ribosomal ITS (nrITS) region and the intergenic spacer region trnL-trnF are known to be Aquilaria is a genus of about 20 species (IPNI 2015), distrib- strong and reliable molecular markers to support morphologi- uted mainly in the Indo-Malesian region, although the actual cal identification in the genus Aquilaria (Eurlings & Gravendeel number of recognized species in the genus is still a subject of 2005, Kiet et al.
    [Show full text]
  • IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature
    1 / 1 LC Paper No. CB(1)279/18-19(01) From: <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Cc: <[email protected]>, <[email protected]> Date: Thursday, November 29, 2018 09:58AM Subject: IUCN Redlist status updated for all world trees History: This message has been forwarded. Panel on Environmental Affairs Dear Hon Members, Please see the self- explanatory information herewith. Earlier this year we brought the local illegal logging of incense trees to the attention of IUCN. Local incense trees- Chinese Agarwood – Aquilaria Sinensis – have now been upgraded by IUCN to VU status – vulnerable to extinction in the wild. Kind regards, James Middleton Chairman http://cleartheair.org.hk IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature Attachments: IUCN-Redlist-Incense-Trees-Updated-Vulnerable-to-extinction-in-the-wild.pdf http://sobmal01/mail/panel_ea.nsf/(%24Inbox)/E0ADDB0DE0CD7E12436FAE415C... 30/11/2018 https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?query=aquilaria&searchType=species IUCN Redlist status November 2018 CR Critically Endangered EN Endangered VU Vulnerable DD Data deficient plantae – magnoliopsida Global Chinese Agarwood Aquilaria sinensis Decreasing vu View plantae – magnoliopsida Global Agarwood Aquilaria malaccensis Decreasing cr View plantae – magnoliopsida Global Dó bà nà Aquilaria banaensis Unknown vu View plantae – magnoliopsida Global Aquilaria rostrata Decreasing cr View plantae - magnoliopsidaGlobal Aquilaria beccariana Decreasing vu View plantae - magnoliopsidaGlobal Palisan Aquilaria filaria Decreasing vu
    [Show full text]
  • Rozi Mohamed Editor Science Behind the Fragrance
    Tropical Forestry Rozi Mohamed Editor Agarwood Science Behind the Fragrance Tropical Forestry Series editor Michael Köhl Hamburg , Germany Tropical forests are disappearing with dramatic speed. The causes of destruction of tropical forests are extremely complex and differ not only country by country, but also due to economic, political and social factors. The series Tropical Forestry publishes volumes on relevant disciplines which are essential for successful and sustainable forestry activities. It is addressed to forestry professionals, natural resource managers and all those who are interested in the restoration, conservation and management of tropical forestry resources in academia and in the corporate world. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5439 Rozi Mohamed Editor Agarwood Science Behind the Fragrance Editor Rozi Mohamed Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Forest Management UPM Serdang Malaysia ISSN 1614-9785 Tropical Forestry ISBN 978-981-10-0832-0 ISBN 978-981-10-0833-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-0833-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016942099 © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]