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Descriptions of Proposed Taxa Above the Rank of Genus. Taxon Table S13 | Descriptions of proposed taxa above the rank of genus. Taxon delineation and rank assignment are based on a concatenated protein phylogeny and relative evolutionary divergence, respectively (GTDB Release 04-R89; Parks et al., 2018). In the membership column, taxa proposed in the present study are highlighted in red. Proposed name Category Nomenclature type Etymology Membership Halobacteriota* phyl. nov. class Halobacteria Ha.lo.bac.te.ri.o'ta. N.L. neut. n. Halobacterium a Halobacteria, Archaeoglobi, Methanocellia, corrig. Grant et al. 2002 generic name providing the stem of the name of the ‘Methanomicrobia’, Methanonatronarchaeia, emend. Gupta et al. type class; -ota ending to denote a phylum; N.L. Methanosarcinia, Candidatus 2015 neut. pl. n. Halobacteriota the phylum of the Syntropharchaeia Halobacteria class Thermoplasmatota phyl. nov. class Ther.mo.plas.ma.to’ta. N.L. neut. n. Thermoplasma Thermoplasmata, Candidatus Poseidoniia Thermoplasmata a generic name providing the stem of the name of Reysenbach 2002 the type class;; -ota ending to denote a phylum; N.L. neut. pl. n. Thermoplasmatota the phylum of the Thermoplasmata class Methanocellia class. nov. order Me.tha.no.cel’li.a. N.L. fem. n. Methanocella type Methanocellales Methanocellales genus of the type order of the class; -ia ending to Sakai et al. 2008 denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n. Methanocellia the class of the order Methanocellales Methanosarcinia class. nov. order Me.tha.no.sar.ci’ni.a. N.L. fem. n. Methanosarcina Methanosarcinales, Methanotrichales Methanosarcinales type genus of the type order of the class; -ia ending Boone et al. 2002 to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n. Methanosarcinia the class of the order Methanosarcinales Methanotrichales ord. nov. genus Methanothrix Me.tha.no.tri.cha’les. N.L. fem. n. Methanothrix ‘Methanotrichaceae’ (heterotypic synonym Huser et al. 1983 type genus of the order; -ales ending to denote an Methanosaetaceae) order; N.L. fem. pl. n. Methanotrichales the Methanothrix order Thermofilales ord. nov. genus Thermofilum Ther.mo.fi.la’les. N.L. neut. n. Thermofilum type Thermofilaceae Zilig et al. 1983 genus of the order; -ales ending to denote an order; emend. Toshchakov N.L. fem. pl. n. Thermofilales the Thermofilum et al. 2015 order Haladaptataceae fam. nov. genus Haladaptatus Hal.a.dap.ta.ta.ce’ae. N.L. masc. n. Haladaptatus Haladaptatus Savage et al. 2007 type genus of the family; -aceae ending to denote a emend. Cui et al. family; N.L. fem. pl. n. Haladaptataceae the 2010 Haladaptatus family Ignicoccaceae fam. nov. genus Ignicoccus Ig.ni.coc.ca.ce’ae. N.L. masc. n. Ignicoccus type Ignicoccus Huber et al. 2000 genus of the family; -aceae ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n. Ignicoccaceae the Ignicoccus family 1 Ignisphaeraceae fam. nov. genus Ignisphaera Ig.ni.spha.e.ra.ce’ae. N.L. fem. n. Ignisphaera type Ignisphaera Niederberger et al. genus of the family; -aceae ending to denote a 2006 family; N.L. fem. pl. n. Ignisphaeraceae the Ignisphaera family Methanoculleaceae fam. nov. genus Me.tha.no.cul.le.a.ce’ae. N.L. masc. n. Methanoculleus Methanoculleus Methanoculleus type genus of the family; -aceae Maestrojuán et al. ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n. 1990 Methanoculleaceae the Methanoculleus family Methanosphaerulac fam. nov. genus Me.tha.no.spha.e.ru.la.ce’ae. N.L. fem. n. Methanosphaerula eae Methanosphaerula Methanosphaerula type genus of the family; -aceae Cadillo-Quiroz et al. ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n. 2009 Methanosphaerulaceae the Methanosphaerula family Methanothermobac fam. nov. genus Me.tha.no.ther.mo.bac.te.ra.ce’ae. N.L. masc. n. Methanothermobacter teraceae Methanothermobacte Methanothermobacter type genus of the family; - r Wasserfallen et al. aceae ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n. 2000 Methanothermobacteraceae the Methanothermobacter family Thermocladiaceae fam. nov. genus Ther.mo.cla.di.a.ce’ae. N.L. neut. n. Thermocladium, Caldivirga, Vulcanisaeta Thermocladium Itoh Thermocladium type genus of the family; -aceae et al. 1998 ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n. Thermocladiaceae the Thermocladium family * Note: The ANI comparison (98.88%) between the recently sequenced genome from the type strain of the species, Halobacterium salinarum DSM 3754 (GCF_008124605.1), and the GTDB species representative (GCF_000006805.1) confirmed the correct species assignment in GTDB. 2 Table S14 | Descriptions of proposed novel combinations at the rank of species. Taxon delineation and rank assignment are based on a concatenated protein phylogeny and relative evolutionary divergence, respectively (GTDB Release 04-R89; Parks et al., 2018). Proposed name Basonym Nomenclature Etymology Detailed description type Natrinema Haloterrigena thermotolerans PR5T = ATCC ther.mo.to’le.rans. Gr. adj. thermos The description is the same as for thermotolerans Montalvo-Rodríguez et al. 700275 = DSM hot; L. part. adj. tolerans tolerating; Haloterrigena thermotolerans given by comb. nov. 2000 (heterotypic synonym: 11552 N.L. part. adj. thermotolerans Montalvo-Rodríguez et al., 2000. Haloterrigena jeotgali Roh et tolerant of a high temperature al. 2009) Natrinema limicola Haloterrigena limicola Cui et JCM 13563T = li.mi’co.la. L. n. limus mud; L. suff. The description is the same as for comb. nov. al. 2006 CGMCC 1.5333 -cola from L. n. incola dweller; Haloterrigena limicola given by Cui et al., = AX-7 N.L. n. limicola mud-dweller 2006. Natrinema Haloterrigena saccharevitans AB14T = AS sac.char.e.vi’tans. L. n. saccharon - The description is the same as for saccharevitans Xu et al. 2005 1.3730 = i kind of sugar; L. part. adj. evitans Haloterrigena saccharevitans given by Xu et comb. nov. CGMCC 1.3730 avoiding; N.L. part. adj. al 2005. = JCM 12889 saccharevitans sugar-avoiding Natrinema Halopiger salifodinae Zhang et CGMCC sa.li.fo.di.na’e. L. gen. n. The description is the same as for Halopiger salifodinae comb. al. 2013 1.12284T = JCM salifodinae of a saltpit, salt mine salifodinae given by Zhang et al 2013. nov. 18547 = KCY07- B2 = DSM 26231 Natronorubrum Haloterrigena daqingensis JX313T = da.qin.gen’se. N.L. neut. adj. The description is the same as for daqingense comb. Wang et al. 2010 CGMCC 1.8909 daqingense pertaining to Daqing, Haloterrigena daqingensis given by Wang et nov. = NBRC 105739 North-East China, where the type al 2010. strain was isolated For information about the synonyms that resulted from the application of species clustering at GTDB please see Suppl. file 02 “GTDB r89 archaeal synonyms”. This file is a modification of Suppl. Table 6 in Parks et al. (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/771964v2.abstract). Note: The authors of the strain designation of Haloterrigena thermotolerans (Natrinema thermotolerans comb. nov.) erroneously indicated strain DSM 11522 instead of DSM 11552 which resulted in the type strain of Haloterrigena thermotolerans not being considering in the decision on priority. We requested to correct the error at NCBI based on personal communication with the authors and here we correct the order of synonyms as Haloterrigena thermotolerans Montalvo-Rodríguez et al. 2000 has priority over Haloterrigena jeotgali Roh et al. 2009, which was then transferred to the genus Natrinema as Natrinema thermotolerans comb. nov. 3 Table S15 | Descriptions of proposed Candidatus taxa above the rank of genus. Taxon delineation and rank assignment are based on a concatenated protein phylogeny and relative evolutionary divergence, respectively (GTDB Release 04-R89; Parks et al., 2018). In the description column, taxa proposed in the present study are highlighted in red. Proposed name Category Nomenclature type Etymology GTDB species representative (04-R89)1 Candidatus phyl.nov. class Candidatus Had.ar.chae.o'ta. N.L. neut. n. Candidatus Hadarchaeia Hadarchaeota Hadarchaeia Hadarchaeum a (Candidatus) GTDB representative of the lowest rank of the taxon is generic name providing the root of the genome designated as YNP_45 the name of the type class; -ota (GCA_001515205.2) representing Candidatus ending to denote a phylum; N.L. Hadarchaeum yellowstonense (Chuvochina et al., neut. pl. n. Hadarchaeota the 2018). phylum of the class Hadarchaeia Candidatus phyl.nov. class Candidatus Hu.ber.ar.chae.o'ta. N.L. neut. n. Candidatus Huberarchaeia Huberarchaeota corrig. Huberarchaeia Huberarchaeum a (Candidatus) GTDB representative of the lowest rank of the taxon is (in place of malformed generic name; -ota ending to denote the genome designated as Huberarchaeaota; a phylum; N.L. neut. pl. n. CG_4_9_14_0_8_um_filter_31_21 synonym: Huberarchae Huberarchaeota the phylum of the (GCA_002789275.1) representing Candidatus (Probst et al., 2018)) class Huberarchaeia Huberarchaeum crystalense (Probst et al., 2018). Based on personal communication with the first author, type material for the species has been selected as per GTDB species representative criteria. Candidatus class. order Candidatus Had.ar.chae’i.a. N.L. neut. n. Candidatus Hadarchaeales Hadarchaeia (synonym: nov. Hadarchaeales Hadarchaeum, type genus of the GTDB representative of the lowest rank of the taxon is Hadesarchaeia (Baker type order Hadarchaeales; -ia the genome designated as YNP_45 et al. 2016)) ending to denote a class; N.L. neut. (GCA_001515205.2) representing Candidatus pl. n. Hadarchaeia the class of the Hadarchaeum yellowstonense (Chuvochina et al., order Hadarchaeales 2018). Candidatus class. order Candidatus Ae.nig.mat.ar.chae’i.a. N.L. neut. n. Candidatus Aenigmatarchaeales Aenigmatarchaeia nov.
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