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PDC Anguilles Réunion Service RAPPORTSEau et Biodiversité Service Unité Politique de l’Eau Plan Directeur de Conservation et des Milieux Aquatiques en faveur des Anguillidae à l’Ile de La Réunion Date 23/04/2018 2018-2027 Direction de l'environnement, de l'aménagement et du logement www.reunion.developpement-durable.gouv.fr Plan Directeur de Conservation – Anguillidae de La Réunion - 2018 - 2027 Avec la contribution des membres du Comité de suivi • Office de l’eau (ODE) • Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB) • FDAAPPMA de La Réunion • AAPPMA Rivières de Saint André • AAPPMA Rivières du Sud • AAPPMA Rivières du Nord • Conseil Départemental • Conseil Régional • Parc national de La Réunion • BNOI (Brigade Nature de l'Océan Indien) • DMSOI (Direction de la Mer, Sud Océan Indien) • Hydrô Réunion • Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris et station de Concarneau • Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de La Réunion Direction de l’Environnement, de l’Aménagement et du Logement 2/206 Plan Directeur de Conservation – Anguillidae de La Réunion - 2018 - 2027 Historique des versions du document Version Date Commentaire Document de travail, pour présentation au Comité de Suivi le 1 13/06/2017 28/06/2017. Prise en compte des remarques du CS du 28/06/2017 et rédaction 2 31/08/2017 des fiches actions. Pour présentation au Comité de Suivi le 14/09/2017 Prise en compte des remarques du CS du 02/10/2017. 3(B) 31/10/2017 Pour présentation en CSRPN. Version finalisée intégrant l'avis du CSRPN de La Réunion réuni en séance plénière le 8 décembre 2017 : « L’avis suivant est adopté par le CSRPN à l’unanimité : Le CSRPN salue la qualité et la clarté du plan de conservation « Anguilles de La Réunion », et donne un avis favorable à la validation du document avec comme recommandations : • de revoir la hiérarchisation des actions sur 3 niveaux, par 4 23/04/2018 souci d’homogénéisation avec les autres documents stratégiques • de vérifier la taxonomie entre Anguilla bengalensis labiata et Anguilla nebulosa labiata • d’ajouter les priorités dans le tableau de synthèse. Le CSRPN souligne l’importance de la mise en place d’une stratégie globale pour les espèces dulçaquicoles de La Réunion et de Mayotte. » Affaire suivie par Audrey BONNEFOY Service Eau et Biodiversité - Unité Politique de l'Eau et des Milieux Aquatiques Tél. : 02 62 94 72 44 Courriel : [email protected] Rédacteurs Pierre VALADE et Pierre HOARAU - OCEA Consult' Page de Garde : Anguille bicolore, A. bicolor, OCEA, 2010. Direction de l’Environnement, de l’Aménagement et du Logement 3/206 Plan Directeur de Conservation – Anguillidae de La Réunion – 2017-2022 Table des matières PREAMBULE.....................................................................................................................................7 RESUME.............................................................................................................................................9 1 SYNTHÈSE DES CONNAISSANCES SUR LES ANGUILLIDAE DE LA RÉUNION.................10 1.1 Les espèces d'Anguillidae.........................................................................................................11 1.1.1 Généralités.............................................................................................................................................................................................................11 1.1.2 Classification..........................................................................................................................................................................................................12 1.2 Description, taxonomie et distribution des espèces d'Anguillidae du SOOI et de La Réunion 14 1.2.1 Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824..........................................................................................................................................................14 1.2.2 Anguilla bicolor bicolor McClelland, 1844 .............................................................................................................................................................16 1.2.3 Anguilla mossambica (Peters, 1852) ....................................................................................................................................................................18 1.2.4 Anguilla nebulosa labiata (Peters, 1852)...............................................................................................................................................................20 1.2.5 Critères d’identification des espèces.....................................................................................................................................................................22 1.3 Statut de protection et de conservation, mesures de gestion...................................................25 1.3.1 Au niveau international...........................................................................................................................................................................................25 1.3.2 Règles régissant le commerce international.........................................................................................................................................................25 1.3.3 Statuts de protection, et de conservation et mesures de gestion en place dans la région Sud-Ouest de l'Océan Indien..................................25 1.3.3.1 Protection et préservation des espèces d'anguilles dans les départements français de l'Océan Indien.............................................25 1.3.3.2 Prise en compte, protection et mesure de gestion des anguilles à Madagascar.................................................................................35 1.3.3.3 Prise en compte, protection et mesure de gestion des anguilles à Maurice........................................................................................37 1.4 Aspects de la biologie et de l’écologie intervenant dans la conservation.................................38 1.4.1 Cycle de vie............................................................................................................................................................................................................38 1.4.2 Distribution des anguilles au sein des habitats continentaux et littoraux.............................................................................................................39 1.4.2.1 Distribution des anguilles à La Réunion : habitats colonisés et habitats potentiels.............................................................................39 1.4.2.2 Distribution des anguilles à Maurice......................................................................................................................................................52 1.4.2.3 Distribution des anguilles à Mayotte......................................................................................................................................................53 1.4.2.4 Distribution des anguilles à Madagascar...............................................................................................................................................54 1.4.3 Compétition alimentaire et prédation.....................................................................................................................................................................56 1.4.3.1 Régime alimentaire des anguilles..........................................................................................................................................................56 1.4.3.2 Espèces en compétition territoriale ou alimentaire avec les anguilles..................................................................................................56 1.4.3.3 Espèces prédatrices des anguilles........................................................................................................................................................56 1.4.4 Biologie de la reproduction....................................................................................................................................................................................59 1.4.4.1 Age à maturité........................................................................................................................................................................................59 1.4.4.2 Période de reproduction.........................................................................................................................................................................60 1.4.4.3 Zone de ponte........................................................................................................................................................................................60 1.4.4.4 Fécondité................................................................................................................................................................................................61 Direction de l’Environnement, de l’Aménagement et du Logement 4/206 Plan Directeur de Conservation – Anguillidae de La Réunion – 2017-2022 1.4.5 Vie larvaire marine et recrutement.........................................................................................................................................................................62 1.4.6 Colonisation des habitats intérieurs.......................................................................................................................................................................64
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