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Portsmouth, Rhode Island) POCASSET (PORTSMOUTH, RHODE ISLAND) “I know histhry isn’t thrue, Hinnissy, because it ain’t like what I see ivry day in Halsted Street. If any wan comes along with a histhry iv Greece or Rome that’ll show me th’ people fightin’, gettin’ dhrunk, makin’ love, gettin’ married, owin’ th’ grocery man an’ bein’ without hard coal, I’ll believe they was a Greece or Rome, but not befur.” — Dunne, Finley Peter, OBSERVATIONS BY MR. DOOLEY, New York, 1902 1613 William Hall was born in London. He would marry with Mary Thomas (1619-1680), have a son Benjamin Hall (1650-1729), and die during 1675 in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. HDT WHAT? INDEX PORTSMOUTH RHODE ISLAND 1638 Friend Richard Borden, son of a Kent wool merchant, relocated from Boston to Portsmouth, Rhode Island and was assigned five acres of land. (He became the 19th signer of the compact creating the government of Aquidneck. His son Matthew, who would be born at Portsmouth on 16 May 16th of this year, would be, according to Quaker records, “the first English child born on Rhode Island.”) 2 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith HDT WHAT? INDEX PORTSMOUTH RHODE ISLAND An outpost was established at Pawtuxet in what would become Rhode Island, by William Harris and the Arnold family. Other nonconformists coming down into the bay region, such as William Hutchinson and Anne Hutchinson and William Coddington, were founding Pocasset (now Portsmouth) and signing the “Portsmouth Compact.” William Coddington was chosen as governor. According to John Farmer, the 1st (white) settlers of Rhode Island were: • Roger Williams “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 3 HDT WHAT? INDEX PORTSMOUTH RHODE ISLAND • William Aspinwall • Arther Fenner • John Thockmorton • Samuel Wildbore • Henry Reddock • William Arnold • John Porter • Thomas Sucklin • William Harris • John Sandford • Christopher Smith • Stuckey Westcot • Edward Hutchinson •Richard Pray • Thomas Olney, Senior • Thomas Savage • Nicholas Power • Thomas Olney, Junior • William Dyre • Stephen Northrup • John Greene • William Freeborn • Edward Hart • Richard Waterman • Philip Sherman • Benjamin Herendon • Thomas James • John Walker • Edward Inman •Robert Cole •Richard Carder • John Jones • William Carpenter • William Baulston • James Matthewson • Francis Weston •Henry Bull • Henry Neale • Ezekiel Holleman • William Coddington • William Man • Robert Williams • John Clark • _____ Jinckes • John Smith • Edward Cope •Roger Mawry • Hugh Bewitt • Chad Brown • Edward Manten • William Wickenden 4 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith HDT WHAT? INDEX PORTSMOUTH RHODE ISLAND • Daniel Brown • Shadrach Manton • John Field •Henry Brown • George Shepherd • Thomas Hopkins • John Brown • Edward Smith • William Hawkins • Samuel Bennett • Benjamin Smith • William Hutchinson • Hugh Bewett (the mason) • John Smith • Edward Hutchinson, Jun • Adam Goodwin • John Smith, Sr. • John Coggeshall • Henry Fowler • John Smith, Jr. • John Smith (Jamaica) • Epenetus Olney • Lawrence Wilkinson • Daniel Williams • Christopher Onthawk • Joshua Verin • John Sayles • Richard Scott (this Baptist would become a Friend, very likely the 1st in Rhode Island) • Joan Tyler • Joshua Winsor • Valentine Whitman • George Way • William White • Thomas Walling • John Warren • John Whipple • Matthew Waller • Robert Williams • Joseph Williams • William Wickenden • Robert R. West • Pardon Tillighast In Aquiday, Rhode Island, a male with the family name of Collins, a male with the family name of Hales, and Mistress Anne Hutchinson were accused of witchcraft. We have no record of further action.1 1. “Aquiday” was Aquidneck Island, now containing the towns of Portsmouth, Middletown, and Newport. “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 5 HDT WHAT? INDEX PORTSMOUTH RHODE ISLAND 6 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith HDT WHAT? INDEX PORTSMOUTH RHODE ISLAND March 22, Thursday (1637, Old Style): Part of the problem was that Mary Dyer, a woman associated with Mistress Anne Hutchinson, had given birth to a child, stillborn, characterized by Governor John Winthrop as a “monster.” The Reverend John Cotton, repentant, confided to the court his role in the secret burial. When exhumed, the body had seemed to lack a skull. Goody Hawkins, who assisted at the birth, was summoned to provide a description of the child as born. The baby’s “thornback” birth defect was being ascribed by the Puritans to the influence of antinomianism. The group led by Mistress Hutchinson was expelled by an ecclesiastical court upon a charge of “traducing the ministers,” and she herself was excommunicated and ordered “as a Leper to wthdraw yorselfe owt of the Congregation.” Forasmuch as yow, Mrs. Huchinson, have highly transgressed & offended, & forasmuch as yow have soe many ways troubled the Church wth yor Erors & have drawen away many a poor soule, & have upheld yor Revelations: & forasmuch as yow have made a Lye, &c. Therfor in the name of our Lord Je: Ch: & in the name of the Church I doe not only pronownce yow worthy to be cast owt, but I doe cast yow out & in the name of Ch. I dow deliver you up to Sathan, that yow may learne no more to blaspheme, to seduce & to lye, & I dow account yow from this time forth to be a Hethen & a Publican & soe to be held of all the Bretheren & Sisters, of this Congregation, & of others: thefor I command yow in the name of Ch: Je: & of this Church as a Leper to wthdraw yorselfe owt of the Congregation; that as formerly yow have dispised & contemned the Holy Ordinances of God, & turned yor Backe one them, soe yow may now have no part in them nor benefit by them. She would take refuge by abandoning Boston for Paumanok Long Island in New York, and a number of people influenced by her heresy would take refuge, initially with the Reverend Roger Williams at Providence Plantations and then at Portsmouth on Aquidneck Island, an island also known as Rhodes Island.2 RHODE ISLAND RELIGION 2. So named because mistaken with Block Island, which had originally been compared as similar in coastal outline on the map, or in appearance from the sea, or in some respect or other, to the much larger island of Rhodes, of the Eastern Mediterranean. “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 7 HDT WHAT? INDEX PORTSMOUTH RHODE ISLAND 8 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith HDT WHAT? INDEX PORTSMOUTH RHODE ISLAND William Dyer and Mary Dyer were of course among those who sought refuge in Rhode Island on this Narragansett turf. Note that at this point the Dyer family had not yet been tainted by Quakerism — the Reverend Williams, in tolerating them at this point, was not by that fact tolerating Quakers.3 It may be that the Reverend’s track record was good, overall, at least for that era, but in fact he didn’t like Quakers in the same way he didn’t like Papists, which in our own day and age would be taken as a sign of religious intolerance rather than as a sign of religious tolerance: They admit no interpreter but themselves, for the spirit within, they say, gave forth the Scripture, and is above the Scripture, ... and that all they do and say is scripture — Papists and Quakers most horribly and hypocritically trample it under their proud feet. June 27, Tuesday (Old Style): Samuell Gorton was admitted as an inhabitant of Portsmouth on Aquidneck Island. READ EDWARD FIELD TEXT 3. In addition, this is often overlooked but in fact in the Dyer family, only Mary Dyer and her son Will ever became Quakers. “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 9 HDT WHAT? INDEX PORTSMOUTH RHODE ISLAND 1639 William Hall, an inhabitant of Newport, Rhode Island, joined with several others to found the town of Portsmouth. William was spelling his name Haule. A house was constructed for Friend Nicholas Easton, eventually facing Farewell Street, the first dwelling constructed in Newport, Rhode Island. This dwelling would burn in 1641 and be replaced, and upon the death of Nicholas Easton in 1676, it and the property on which it stood would be bequeathed to the Newport Friends. This piece of land eventually would be used in 1699 for the Great Meetinghouse of the Friends. At Portsmouth, Samuell Gorton joined Mistress Anne Hutchinson in ousting William Coddington. Upon Coddington’s return to power Gorton would himself get turned out. READ EDWARD FIELD TEXT In this year the Gortons had their daughter whom they named Mahershalalhashbaz.4 The most wonderful name and one which was the least likely to have been selected from all the names appearing in the Bible was that of Mahershalalhashbaz, and there were, previous to 1680, two persons in the Colony bearing this name, one a daughter of Samuel Gorton of Warwick, whose peculiarities brought on him no end of troubles, while the other was a son of Mary Dyer, she who was hung for the crime of being a Quaker, on the grounds now comprising the beautiful Public Garden and Common in Boston. 4. Cf. ISAIAH 8:1-3, where the longest name in the BIBLE usually appears as “Maher-shalal-hash-baz.” In Hebrew this meant “To speed to the spoil, he hasteneth the prey.” 10 Copyright 2013 Austin Meredith HDT WHAT? INDEX PORTSMOUTH RHODE ISLAND April 28, Sunday (Old Style): After a brief dispute with the other whites occupying Portsmouth at the north end of Aquidneck Island (people such as Mistress Anne Hutchinson and Samuell Gorton), a group under William Coddington obtained permission from the Narragansett to resettle at the southern tip of that island, founding Newport, Rhode Island.5 A “Portsmouth Compact” was signed by, among others, John Clarke, William Coddington, William Dyer, Nicholas Easton (1593-1675),6 John Coggeshall, William Brenton, Henry Bull, Jeremy Clarke, and Thomas Hazard. 5. In Algonquian, “Aquidnet” means “a place of security or tranquility,” from “aquene” or “aquidne” meaning secure or peaceful, and “et” meaning place. 6. In this year Mr. Easton had been fined five shillings for coming to Puritan meeting without his weapons.
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