PARAGENESIS OF FRACTURE FILLING IN BRECCIATED CHERT FROM SITE 167 ON THE MAGELLAN RISE

Brecciated chert recovered in Core 63-1, 60 to 67 cm, consists of very angular shards of brown and reddish brown chert, 2 to 3 cm large, cemented by clear euhedral crystals of calcite, chalcedony and quartz. Figure 1—Rectilinear fracture between chert fragments (black) filled by well crystallized quartz. Note the small size of the crystals along the edges of the chert fragments compared to the larger regular filling in the central part. Figure 2—Composite fracture filling with calcite (large euhedral yellowish green crystals) and chalcedony. The distribution pat- tern of fibrous chalcedony suggests that its precipitation followed that of calcite. Figure 3—Composite fracture filling with large euhedral calcite crystals and well crystallized quartz. Note the conchoidal frac- turing of the chert fragments, suggesting that the chert was already hard when it was broken. Figure 4—Same case as in Figure 3. Note the clearly euhedral shape of calcite crystals and the quartz filling in the void between them. Figure 5—Same case as above. Again quartz has precipitated in a small void between large spary calcite crystals. Figure 6—Quartz filling in a fracture around the sharp angular edge of a chert fragment. Note the increasing size of quartz crystals away from the chert fragment edges and the radial crystal growth at the tip of the central one.

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

A Project Planned by and Carried Out With the Advice of the JOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES)

Volume XVII covering Leg 17 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger Honolulu, Hawaii to Honolulu, Hawaii April-May 1971

PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS

Edward L. Winterer, John I. Ewing, Robert G. Douglas, Richard D. Jarrard, Yves Lancelot, Ralph M. Moberly, T. C. Moore, Jr., Peter H. Roth, Seymour O. Schlanger

EDITORS: Peter H. Roth, James R. Herring

Prepared for the NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION National Ocean Sediment Coring Program Under Contract C-482 By the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Scripps Institution of Prime Contractor for the Project References to this Volume: It is recommended that reference to whole or part of this volume be made in one of the following forms, as appropriate: Winterer, E. L., Ewing, J. I., et al, 1973, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Volume 17, Washington (U.S. Government Printing Office) + pp. Douglas, Robert G., 1973, Benthonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy in the Central North Pacific, Leg 17, Deep Sea Drilling Project, in Winterer, E. L., Ewing, J. I., et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Volume 17, Washington (U.S. Government Printing Office) + pp.

Printed: August 1973

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74-603338

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Price $13 domestic postpaid or $12.25 GPO Bookstore Foreword

The year 1972 marks the 100th anni- development were determined. Emphasis was versary of H.M.S. CHALLENGER—after placed on broad reconnaissance and on testing which D/V GLOMAR CHALLENGER is the involvement of the mid-oceanic rise systems named. It is fitting that our century should in the development of the ocean basins. have its counterpart to the famous ship of the As a result of the success of the Deep Sea 19th century, which helped establish ocean- Drilling Project, the National Science Founda- ography as a science through her voyages. It is tion extended its contract with the University equally fitting that GLOMAR CHALLENGER of California to encompass an additional 30 should be plying the same waters one century months of drilling, allowing GLOMAR CHAL- later seeking answers to new problems concern- LENGER to continue operations throughout ing the history of our planet and of life on it. the oceans of the world in exploring the deep The fundamental advancement of our knowl- ocean floors. This extension includes a broad edge of the earth will lead to enhanced capabili- geographic range of operations in the Atlantic, ties to understand its processes and to exploit Pacific, and Indian Oceans, and the Mediter- its natural resources intelligently. ranean, Caribbean, Bering, and Red Seas. The The Deep Sea Drilling Project is being ultimate goal is a fundamental advancement of undertaken within the context of the National our knowledge of the earth. Science Foundation^ Ocean Sediment Coring These reports contain the results of initial Program. The Foundation is funding the project studies of the recovered core material and the by means of a contract with the University of associated geophysical information. The con- California, and the Scripps Institution of Ocean- tribution to knowledge has been exceedingly ography is responsible for its management. The large and future studies of the core material University has, in turn, subcontracted with over many years will contribute much more. Global Marine Incorporated for the services of The National Science Board in its 1971 report, the drilling ship, GLOMAR CHALLENGER. "Environmental Science—Challenge for the Scientific planning, both of the detailed itinerary Seventies," stressed the importance of the work and of the preliminary analyses leading to these of the GLOMAR CHALLENGER: Initial Reports, has been conducted under the Special mention should be made of the de- auspices of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions velopment of new types of deep sea drilling for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES). The techniques and their use on the unique, proto- JOIDES consortium has convened several type vessel, GLOMAR CHALLENGER. This panels for that purpose, consisting of a large facility has brought to light in only a few number of distinguished scientists from aca- years information that has literally revolu- demic institutions, government agencies, and tionized man's understanding of the physical private industry. Altogether, the project has processes occurring in the earth's crust. involved the active interest and participation Moreover, industry should benefit greatly of many of the Nation's best scientists and tech- from the project—from the technological ad- nologists. Leading scientists from abroad have vances that are being made and through the in- participated and their countries have made formation being obtained on natural resources. contributions to the project. The first ocean coring operations for the Deep Sea Drilling Project began on August 11, 1968. During the ensuing 18 months of drilling operations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea, the scientific objectives that had been set forth were successfully accomplished. Primarily, the Washington, D. C. age of the ocean basins and their processes of June 1972 Recognizing the need in the oceanographic community for scientific planning of a program to obtain deep sedimentary cores from the ocean bottoms, four of the major oceano- graphic institutions that had strong interests and programs in the fields of marine geology and , formed in May 1964, the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES). This group, Lamont- Doherty Geological Observatory; Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami; the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, expressed an interest in undertaking scientific planning and guidance of the sedi- mentary drilling program. It was the purpose of this group to foster programs to investigate the sediments and rocks beneath the deep oceans by drilling and coring. The membership of this original group was later enlarged in 1968 when the University of Washington be- came a member. Through discussions sponsored by the JOIDES organization, with support from the National Science Foundation the Lamont-Doh- erty Geological Observatory operated a drilling program with Dr. J. Lamar Worzel as Principal Investigator. This successful drilling effort early in the summer of 1965, on the Blake Plateau region off Jacksonville, Florida, used the drilling vessel, Caldrill I. With this success in hand, planning began for a more extensive deep sea effort. This re- sulted in the award of a contract by the National Science Foundation to the University of Cali- fornia for an eighteen-month drilling program in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, termed the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Operations at sea began in August 1968.

vn The goal of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Policy (p. xvii) approved by the National Sci- is to gather scientific information that will help ence Foundation. determine the age and processes of develop- The advent of Glomar Challenger, with its ment of the ocean basins. The primary strategy deep-water drilling ability, is exceedingly time- is to drill deep holes into the ocean floor, relying ly. It has come when geophysical investigation largely on technology developed by the petro- of the oceans has matured through 20 to 30 leum industry. years of vigorous growth to the point where Through the efforts of these five principal we have some knowledge about much of the formerly unknown oceanic areas of our planet. organizations and of the panel members which About one million miles of traverses had been were drawn from a large cross section of lead- made which tell us much about the global pat- ing earth scientists and associates, a scientific tern of gravity, magnetic and thermal anomalies, program was developed. and about the composition, thickness and strati- Cores recovered from deep beneath the fication of the sedimentary cover of the deep- ocean floor will provide reference material for sea and continental margin. The coverage with a multitude of future studies in fields such as such data has enabled the site selection panels biostratigraphy, physical stratigraphy, and pa- to pick choice locations for drilling. The knowl- edge gained from each hole can be extended leomagnetism, that will afford a new scope for into the surrounding area. Detailed geophysical studies of the physical and chemical aspects of surveys were made for most of the selected lo- sediment provenance, transportation, deposi- cations prior to drilling. tion, and diagensis. In-hole measurements, as feasible, should provide petrophysical data to The earth sciences have recently matured permit inference of lithology of intervals from from an empirical status to one in which sub- which no cores were recovered. stantial theories and hypotheses about major tectonic processes are flourishing. Theories A report, describing the core materials and about the origin of magnetic fields and magnetic information obtained both at sea and in labora- reversals, about ocean floor spreading and con- tories on shore, is published as soon as possible tinental drift, and about the thermal history of after the completion of each cruise. These re- our planet, have led to specific predictions that ports are a cooperative effort of the scientists could be tested best by an enlightened program participating in the cruise and are intended pri- of sampling of deep-sea and continental margin marily to be a compilation of results which, it sediments and underlying rocks. is hoped, will be the starting point for many future new and exciting research programs. The members of JOIDES and the scien- tists from all interested organizations who have Preliminary interpretations of the data and ob- served on the various advisory panels are proud servations taken at sea, are also included. to have been of service to the Nation and be- Core materials and data collected on the lieve that the information and core materials cruise will be made available to qualified scien- that have been obtained will be of value to stu- tists through the Curator of the Deep Sea dents of earth sciences and all humanity for Drilling Project, following a Sample Distribution many years to come.

viu Deep Sea Drilling Project

MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS OF THE JOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES):

Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory,

Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sci- ence, University of Miami.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California

University of Washington

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

OPERATING INSTITUTION:

Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California at San Diego La Jolla, California W. A. Nierenberg, Director

DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT Principal Investigator and Project Manager M. N. A. Peterson

Project Chief Scientist N. T. Edgar

IX Participants Aboard GLOMAR CHALLENGER for Leg Seventeen:

Dr. Edward L. Winterer Mr. Mel Fields Co-Chief Scientist Meteorologist Scripps Institution of Oceanography NOAA, National Weather Service La Jolla, California San Francisco, California Mr. John I. Ewing Captain Joseph A. Clarke Co-Chief Scientist Captain of Drilling Vessel Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Global Marine Inc. Palisades, New York Los Angeles, California Dr. Robert G. Douglas Mr. J. Travis Rayborn Paleontologist Drilling Superintendent Case Western Reserve University Global Marine Inc. Cleveland, Ohio Los Angeles, California Mr. Richard D. Jarrard Mr. Ted Gustafson Sedimentologist Laboratory Officer Scripps Institution of Oceanography Deep Sea Drilling Project La Jolla, California Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California Dr. Yves Lancelot Mr. Paul Porter Sedimentologist Electronics Technician Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Deep Sea Drilling Project Palisades, New York Scripps Institution of Oceanography Dr. Ralph M. Moberly La Jolla, California Sedimentologist Mr. Larry Lauve University of Hawaii Photographer Honolulu, Hawaii Deep Sea Drilling Project Dr. T. C. Moore, Jr. Scripps Institution of Oceanography Paleontologist La Jolla, California Oregon State University Miss Louise Henry Corvallis, Oregon Yeoman Deep Sea Drilling Project Dr. Peter H. Roth Scripps Institution of Oceanography Paleontologist La Jolla, California Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California Mr. Don Marsee Chemist Dr. Seymour O. Schlanger Deep Sea Drilling Project Sedimentologist Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California La Jolla, California Riverside, California Miss Trudy Wood Mr. Thomas E. Maxwell Paleontological Technician Cruise Operations Manager Deep Sea Drilling Project Sun Oil Company Scripps Institution of Oceanography Dallas, Texas La Jolla, California

XI Mr. Jon Isaacs Mr. Bill Jones Marine Technician Marine Technician Deep Sea Drilling Project Deep Sea Drilling Project Scripps Institution of Oceanography Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California La Jolla, California Mr. Larry Schneider Mr. Russ Johnson Marine Technician Marine Technician Deep Sea Drilling Project Scripps Institution of Oceanography Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California La Jolla, California

Senior Project Personnel

Dr. Melvin N. A. Peterson Dr. Peter R. Supko Principal Investigator and Chief Scientific Editor Project Manager Mr. Oscar Weser Mr. Frank C. MacTernan Senior Staff Scientist Deputy Project Manager Mr. Lamar Hayes Dr. N. Terence Edgar Cruise Operations Manager Chief Scientist Mr. Robert W. Gilkey Mr. Valdemar Larson Logistics Officer Operations Manager Mr. Stanley T. Serocki Mr. Norman J. Sattler Project Development Engineer Contracts Officer Dr. Thomas A. Davies Mr. William T. Soderstrom Co-ordinating Staff Geologist Finance Administrator Mr. William R. Riedel Miss Sue A. Strain Curator Personnel Officer

xn Advisory Groups

JOIDES Executive Committee Pacific Advisory Panel Dr. Arthur E. Maxwell Dr. Robert E. Burns Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution University of Washington Dr. William A. Nierenberg Dr. Kurt O. Bostrom Scripps Institution of Oceanography Rosenstiel School of Marine and Dr. F. G. Walton Smith Atmospheric Science Rosenstiel School of Marine and Dr. Charles C. Windisch Atmospheric Science Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Dr. Maurice Rattray, Jr. Dr. LaVerne D. Kulm University of Washington Oregon State University Dr. Maurice Ewing Dr. Dean A. McManus Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory University of Washington Dr. E. L. Winterer Planning Committee Scripps Institution of Oceanography Dr. Joe S. Creager Dr. David W. Scholl University of Washington Geological Survey Dr. William W. Hay Dr. Enrico Bonatti Rosenstiel School of Marine and Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Atmospheric Science Mr. William R. Riedel Scripps Institution of Oceanography Gulf Advisory Panel Dr. J. Lamar Worzel Dr. Charles E. Helsley Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory University of Texas at Dallas Dr. M. N. A. Peterson Dr. Henry L. Berryhill, Jr. Scripps Institution of Oceanography U.S. Geological Survey Dr. Arnold H. Bouma Atlantic Advisory Panel Texas A & M University Dr. Maurice Ewing Dr. Joe S. Creager Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory University of Washington Dr. William A. Berggren Dr. Joseph R. Curray Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Scripps Institution of Oceanography Dr. N. Terence Edgar Dr. William W. Hay Scripps Institution of Oceanography Rosenstiel School of Marine and Dr. Anton Hales Atmospheric Science University of Texas at Dallas Dr. Elazar Uchupi Dr. Dennis E. Hayes Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Dr. Guillermo P. Salas Dr. Eric D. Schneider Ciudad Universitaria United States Naval Laboratory Dr. J. Lamar Worzel Dr. Raymond Siever Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Harvard University Dr. Xavier LePichon Indian Ocean Advisory Panel Centre Oceanologique de Bretagne Dr. Manik Talwani Dr. Kenneth S. Deffeyes Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Princeton University Dr. Robert L. Fisher Mr. John I. Ewing Scripps Institution of Oceanography Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Dr. James R. Heirtzler Dr. William W. Hay Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Rosenstiel School of Marine and Dr. Marcus G. Langseth Atmospheric Science Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Dr. Charles D. Hollister Mr. R. Schlich Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Institute de Physique du Globe

Xlll Mediterranean Advisory Panel Dr. Jason Morgan Dr. J. Brackett Hersey Princeton University Department of the Navy Dr. Lynn Sykes Dr. Kenneth J. Hsii Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Geologisch.es Institut, E. T. H. Dr. David Griggs Dr. Robert J. Hurley University of California at Los Angeles Rosenstiel School of Marine and Dr. Akiho Miyashiro Atmospheric Science State University of New York at A Ibany Dr. William B. F. Ryan Dr. Ian D. MacGregor Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory University of California at Davis Dr. Arthur E. Maxwell Antarctic Advisory Panel Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Dr. Dennis E. Hayes Dr. James Gilluly Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory U.S. Geological Survey Dr. Robert H. Rutford Dr. Ronald T. Merrill University of South Dakota University of Washington Dr. Campbell Craddock University of Wisconsin Dr. C. G. A. Harrison Rosenstiel School of Marine and Dr. J. P. Kennett Atmospheric Science University of Rhode Island Dr. Manik Talwani Dr. Charles D. Hollister Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Dr. James H. Zumberge Advisory Panel on Pollution Prevention University of Arizona and Safety Dr. Ian W. D. Dalziel Dr. Hollis D. Hedberg Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Princeton University Dr. David W. Scholl Dr. H. Grant Goodell U.S. Geological Survey University of Virginia Dr. James R. Heirtzler Dr. Louis E. Garrison Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution U.S. Geological Survey Site Survey Panel Mr. William F. Allinder Texaco, Incorporated Dr. N. Terence Edgar Scripps Institution of Oceanography Dr. Manik Talwani Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Dr. Robert E. Burns University of Washington Dr. Maurice Ewing Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Dr. Maurice Ewing Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Dr. Robert E. Burns University of Washington Dr. Manik Talwani Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Dr. Joe S. Creager University of Washington Dr. Dennis E. Hayes Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Dr. Melvin N. A. Peterson Scripps Institution of Oceanography Advisory Panel on Scientific Objectives of Deeper Penetration in Oceanic Crustal Rocks Advisory Panel on Heat Flow Dr. Francis Birch Dr. Richard P. Von Herzen Harvard University Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Dr. H. W. Menard Dr. Art Lachenbruch Scripps Institution of Oceanography U.S. Geological Survey Dr. Melvin N. A. Peterson Dr. Marcus G. Langseth Scripps Institution of Oceanography Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Dr. J. Freeman Gilbert Dr. Clive R. B. Lister Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of Washington Dr. M. Nan" Toksoz Dr. John G. Sclater Massachusetts Institute of Technology Scripps Institution of Oceanography xiv Advisory Panel on Information Handling Dr. Helen N. Loeblich Dr. Melvin A. Rosenfeld University of California at Los Angeles Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Dr. Emile A. Pessagno, Jr. Dr. Daniel W. Appleman University of Texas at Dallas U.S. Geological Survey Mr. William R. Riedel Mr. Jack G. Barr Scripps Institution of Oceanography Chevron Research Laboratory Dr. Tsunemasa Saito Dr. James C. Kelley Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory University of Washington Advisory Panel on Sedimentary Petrology and Dr. Robert W. Rex Physical Properties University of California at Riverside Dr. John T. Whetten Mr. William R. Riedel University of Washington Scripps Institution of Oceanography Dr. Eugene A. Rusnak Dr. Thomas A. Davies U.S. Geological Survey Scripps Institution of Oceanography Dr. Edwin L. Hamilton Dr. Peter R. Supko Naval Undersea Research and Scripps Institution of Oceanography Development Center Dr. Harry E. Cook Advisory Panel on Organic Geochemistry University of California at Riverside Dr. John M. Hunt Dr. Tj. H. van Andel Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Oregon State University Dr. Earl W. Baker Dr. George V. Woods Mellon Institute British Petroleum Research Center Dr. Ellis E. Bray Mr. Henry L. Gill Mobil Oil Company, Inc. Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory Dr. J. Gordon Erdman Dr. Theodore R. Walker Phillips Petroleum Company University of Colorado Dr. Richard D. Mclver Dr. George H. Keller Esso Production Research Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric A dministration Advisory Panel on Inorganic Geochemistry Dr. John R. Conolly Dr. Robert M. Garrels University of South Carolina Scripps Institution of Oceanography Dr. Adrian F. Richards Dr. Wallace S. Broecker Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Advisory Panel on Well Logging Dr. Ian R. Kaplan Dr. A. E. Worthington University of California at Los Angeles Chevron Oil Field Research Company Dr. Frank T. Manheim Dr. Richard L. Caldwell U.S. Geological Survey Mobil Oil Corporation Dr. Karl K. Turekian Dr. James E. Carothers Yale University Phillips Petroleum Company Advisory Panel on Paleontology and Biostratigraphy Dr. Donald Elrod Dr. William A. Berggren Humble Oil and Refining Company Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Dr. H. B. Evans Dr. C. W. Drooger Marathon Research Center University of Utrecht Dr. Robert D. Gerard Dr. William R. Evitt Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Stanford University Dr. H. H. Jageler Dr. William W. Hay Pan American Petroleum Corporation Rosenstiel School of Marine and Dr. George V. Keller Atmospheric Science Colorado School of Mines Dr. Erie G. Kauffman Dr. Harry A. Shillibeer Smithsonian Institution Gulf Research and Development Company

XV Advisory Panel on X-ray Mineralogy Dr. Jack R. Dymond Dr. Richard L. Hay Oregon State University University of California at Berkeley Dr. C. G. A. Harrison Dr. Pierre Biscaye Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Dr. Kurt O. Boström Dr. Niel D. Opdyke Rosenstiel School of Marine and Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Atmospheric Science Advisory Panel on Igneous and Metamorphic Dr. Edward D. Goldberg Petrography Scripps Institution of Oceanography Dr. Ian D. MacGregor Dr. John C. Hathaway University of Texas at Dallas Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Dr. Frederick A. Frey Dr. Stanley McCaleb Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sun Oil Research Center Dr. Stanley R. Hart Dr. Robert W. Rex Carnegie Institution of Washington University of California at Riverside Dr. William G. Melson Advisory Panel on Paleomagnetism and Age Dating Smithsonian Institution Dr. Joseph D. Phillips Dr. A. Miyashiro Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution State University of New York at Albany Dr. G. Brent Dalrymple U.S. Geological Survey

XVI Deep Sea Drilling Project SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION POLICY

Distribution of Deep Sea Drilling samples will be board scientific party may elect to have special studies undertaken in order to (1) provide supplementary of selected core samples of its recently completed data for inclusion in the appropriate Initial Report cruise made by other investigators. to support Glomar Challenger scientists in achieving the scientific objectives of their particular cruise, and Investigations not completed in time for inclusion in (2) provide individual investigators with material to the Initial Report may not be published in other conduct detailed studies beyond the scope of the journals until publication of the Initial Report for Initial Reports. which it was intended, though it is expected that they will normally be published as an appendix in a later The National Science Foundation has established a Initial Report volume. Sample Distribution Panel to advise on distribution of core material. This panel is chosen in accordance Distribution of Samples for publication other than with usual Foundation practices, in a manner that in Initial Reports will assure advice in the various disciplines leading 1. Researchers intending to request samples for to a complete and adequate study of the core and studies beyond the scope of the Initial Reports related materials. Funding for the proposed research should first obtain a sample request form from the is handled separately by the investigator, not through Curator, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Scripps In- the Deep Sea Drilling Project. stitution of Oceanography, University of Cali- Distribution of samples for contributions to Initial fornia at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037. Reports Requests should specify the quantities and inter- vals of the core required, a statement of the pro- Any investigator who wishes to contribute a paper posed research, the possibility of returning residue to a given volume of the Initial Reports may write to the Curator, the estimated time required to to the Curator, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Scripps complete and publish the results, and the avail- Institution of Oceanography, University of California, ability or need of funding and availability of at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, requesting equipment and space foreseen for the research. samples from a forthcoming cruise. The request should include the nature of the study, and type, size, In order to ensure that requests for highly desir- number of samples, particular sampling techniques able but limited samples can all be considered, or equipment that might be required, and an estimate approval of requests and distribution of samples of the time required to complete the study. The re- will not be made prior to 12 months after date quests will be reviewed by shipboard scientists, and, of completion of the cruise that collected the if they are deemed suitable and pertinent to the objec- cores. Prior to the publication of an Initial Re- tives of the leg, and shipboard workload permits, the port, requests for samples from a cruise can be requested samples will be taken during the cruise based on the preliminary shipboard core logs. (provided, of course, material suitable to the investi- Copies of these logs will be kept on open file at gation is obtained during the drilling). In case of Scripps Institution of Oceanography and other multiple requests to perform the same investigation, designated institutions. The only exceptions to selection of investigator will be made by the ship- this policy will be for specific instances involving board scientific party. Proposals should be of a scope ephemeral properties. appropriate to complete the sampling and study in time for publication in the Initial Reports. Studies Requests for samples from researchers in indus- deemed acceptable will be referred to the Curator trial laboratories will be handled in the same who will, with the consent of the NSF Sample Dis- manner as those from academic organizations, tribution Panel, authorize distribution of the samples. and there will be the same obligation to publish The Sample Distribution Panel and the Deep Sea results promptly. Requests from foreign scientists Drilling Project will strive to ensure that there is a or organizations will also be considered. reasonable degree of continuity in the investigations 2. The Deep Sea Drilling Projects Curator has the among the various cruises, that the studies are per- responsibility for distributing samples, controlling tinent to goals of the cruise, and that they are quality of samples, and preserving core material. consistent with the publication policy for the Initial He also has the responsibility for maintaining a Reports. Subject to these same provisions, the ship- record of requests for samples that have been

*RevisedJune 1972.

xvπ processed and filled indicating the investigator iv) notifying the Curator of any work done on and subjects to be studied. This record will be the samples that is additional to that stated available to investigators. in the original request for samples; The distribution of samples will be made directly v) returning, in good condition, the remainders from the two repositories at Lamont-Doherty Ge- of samples after termination of research, if ological Observatory and Scripps Institution of requested by the Curator. Oceanography by the Curator or his designated representative. 6. Cores will be made available at repositories for investigators to examine and specify exact sam- 3. (a) Samples up to 10 cc/meter of core length ples in such instances as this may be necessary can be automatically distributed by the Curator, for the scientific purposes of the sampling, subject Deep Sea Drilling Project, or his authorized rep- to the limitations of 3 (a), (b), (c), and 5, resentative to any qualified investigator who re- above, and with the specific permission of the quests them. The Curator will refrain from Curator or his delegate. making automatic distribution of any parts of the cores which appear to be in particularly high de- 7. Cores of igneous and metamorphic rocks will mand, and any requests for these parts of the also remain at the repositories where they will cores will be referred to the Sample Distribution be available for observation and description and Panel for review. Requests for samples from thin where selected samples may be taken for thin- layers or important stratigraphic boundaries will section preparation and other work. generally require Panel review. 8. The Deep Sea Drilling Project routinely processes (b) All requests for samples in excess of 3 (a) by computer most of the quantitative data pres- above will be referred to the Sample Distribution ented in the Initial Reports. Space limitations in Panel. the Initial Reports preclude the detailed presen- tation of all such data. However, copies of the (c) If, in the opinion of scientific investigators, computer readout are available for those who certain properties they wish to study may de- wish the data for further analysis or as an aid teriorate prior to the normal availability of the in selecting samples. samples, such investigators may request that the normal waiting period not apply. All such re- Magnetics, seismic reflection and bathymetric data quests must be approved by the Sample Distribu- collected underway by the Glomar Challenger tion Panel. will also be available for distribution twelve 4. Samples will not be provided prior to assurance months after completion of the cruise. that funding for sample studies either exists or Requests for these data may be made to: is not needed. However, neither formal approval of sample requests nor distribution of samples Chief Scientific Editor will be made until the appropriate time (Item 1). Deep Sea Drilling Project If a sample request is dependent, either wholly Scripps Institution of Oceanography or in part, on proposed funding, the Curator will University of California at San Diego provide to the organization to whom the funding La Jolla, California 92037 proposal has been submitted any information on the availability (or potential availability) of sam- ples that it may request. A charge may be made to recover the expenses of responding to individual requests. Estimated 5. Investigators receiving samples are responsible charges can be furnished before the request is for: processed, if required. i) promptly publishing significant results; ii) acknowledging, in publications, that samples 9. This policy has the approval of the National Sci- were supplied through the assistance of the ence Foundation and is designed to help ensure National Science Foundation; that the greatest possible scientific benefit is gained from the materials obtained, and that iii) submitting four (4) copies of all reprints of samples will be made widely available to inter- published results to the Curator, Deep Sea ested geologists. Drilling Project, Scripps Institution of Ocean- ography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037;

xvin CONTENTS

Page Chapter Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 14. VOLCANIC ROCKS CORED IN THE CENTRAL PACIFIC, LEG 17, PART I: SITE REPORTS 3 DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT 429 Manuel N. Bass, Ralph M. Moberly, J. Michael Chapter Rhodes, Chi-yu Shih, Stanley E. Church 1. INTRODUCTION 5 15. OXYGEN AND CARBON ISOTOPE STUDIES Edward L. Winterer OF CARBONATE SEDIMENTS FROM SITE 167, MAGELLAN RISE, LEG 17 505 2. SITE 164 17 Tyler B. Coplen, Seymour O. Schlanger Edward L. Winterer, John I. Ewing, Robert G. Douglas, Richard D. Jarrard, Yves Lancelot, 16. TRACE ELEMENT DETERMINATIONS Ralph M. Moberly, T. C. Moore, Jr., Peter H. COMPARED WITH X-RAY DIFFRACTION Roth, Seymour O. Schlanger RESULTS OF BROWN CLAY IN THE CENTRAL PACIFIC 511 3. SITE 165 47 Anthony C. Pimm The Shipboard Scientific Party 17. INTERSTITIAL WATER CHEMISTRY, 4. SITE 166 103 LEG 17 515 The Shipboard Scientific Party Bob J. Presley, J. H. Culp, Chari Petrowski, Isaac R. Kaplan 5. SITE 167 ..... 145 The Shipboard Scientific Party 18. X-RAY MINERALOGY OF SEDIMENTS FROM THE CENTRAL PACIFIC 6. SITE 168 235 OCEAN 517 The Shipboard Scientific Party Ivar Zemmels, Harry E. Cook 7. SITE 169 247 19. PRELIMINARY ORGANIC ANALYSES The Shipboard Scientific Party OF DSDP CORES, LEGS 12 AND 13 561 Bernd R. Simoneit, A. L. Burlingame 8. SITE 170 263 The Shipboard Scientific Party 20. OXYGEN AND CARBON ISOTOPE ANALYSES OF CRETACEOUS AND 9. SITE 171 283 TERTIARY FORAMINIFERA FROM The Shipboard Scientific Party THE CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC 591 Robert G. Douglas, Samuel M. Savin PART II: SPECIAL STUDIES 335 21. BENTHONIC FORAMINERFAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY IN THE CENTRAL 10. UNDERWAY DATA 337 NORTH PACIFIC, LEG 17, Arthur D. Raff DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT 607 Robert G. Douglas 11. PALEOMAGNETISM OF LEG 17 SEDIMENT CORES 365 22. PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL Richard D. Jarrard BIOSTRATIGRAPHY IN THE CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN 673 12. CHERT AND SILICA DIAGENISIS IN Robert G. Douglas SEDIMENTS FROM THE CENTRAL PACIFIC 377 Yves Lancelot 23. CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS—LEG 17, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT 675 13. FOSSIL PRESERVATION AND Peter H. Roth DIAGENESIS OF PELAGIC CARBONATES FROM THE MAGELLAN RISE, CENTRAL 24. RADIOLARIA FROM LEG 17 NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN 407 OF THE DEEP SEA Seymour O. Schlanger, Robert G. Douglas, Yves DRILLING PROJECT 797 Lancelot, T. C. Moore, Jr., Peter H. Roth T. C. Moore, Jr.

xix Chapter Page Chapter Page 25. PHYTOPLANKTON STRATIGRAPHY, PART III: CRUISE SYNTHESIS 903 CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN, DEEP SEA DRILING PROJECT, LEG 17 871 28. BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC SYNTHESIS: David Bukry HIATUSES AND UNCONFORMITIES 905 Robert G. Douglas, Peter H. Roth, T. C. Moore, Jr. 29. REGIONAL PROBLEMS 911 26. SHORE LABORATORY REPORT Edward L. Winterer ON MESOZOIC FORAMINIFERIDA, LEG 17 891 Emile A. Pessagno, Jr., Jose F. Longoria PART IV: APPENDICES 923 APPENDIX I: GRAIN SIZE ANALYSES, LEG 17 925 Gerald W. Bode 27. TWO LAMELLAPTYCHI (AMMONOIDEA) FROM THE MAGELLAN RISE APPENDIX II: CARBON AND CARBONATE IN THE CENTRAL PACIFIC 895 ANALYSES, LEG 17 927 Otto Renz Gerald W. Bode

xx ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The scientific party aboard Glomar Challenger during Leg 17 expresses its appreciation to all those who have helped to make possible the work described in this volume. For help in planning the cruise, we are especially appreciative of the efforts of many individuals at Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and Hawaii Institute of Geophysics, who supplied us with seismic, magnetic, and bathymetric data that were invaluable in helping us define objectives, select drill sites, and interpret our findings. The advice of the members of the Pacific Advisory and other panels of JOIDES was also of great assistance to us. For help at sea, we are grateful for the enthusiastic cooperation of Captain Joseph A. Clarke, his officers, and the crew and drilling teams. Excellent coordination and liaison and valuable technical advice was provided by the Cruise Operations Manager, Mr. T. E. Maxwell, who was on loan to the project from Sun Oil Company. Mr. Ted Gustafson and his staff of scientific technicals performed their duties with cheerfulness and efficiency. For help in composing this volume, we thank the editors and illustrators of the Deep Sea Drilling Project.