Medals and Awards for 1974

Presentation of the Penrose Medal to Maurice Ewing

CITATION BY FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR.

It is a source of sorrow to us all that the perience gained in working in water 5 to 20 Geological Observatory, and it was aboard Penrose Medalist is not here to receive the feet deep proved valuable in the present the Lamont schooner Vema that he and his award that he so richly earned; Maurice project." Also in 1937 he wrote, "In its associates made the greater part of their ob- Ewing died last May, still vigorously pursu- present state of development, the method is servations in the Atlantic and elsewhere. In ing the work that has brought us so much not applicable in water deeper than about the decade 1963-1973, the Vema and the knowledge of the seas, the earth, and in- 100 fathoms." By 1938 he was making Research Vessel Robert D. Conrad logged deed of the . We are honored that seismic refraction measurements in 1,800 about 675,000 kilometres of traverses in Harriett Ewing, his wife and co-worker, is to 2,600 fathoms. the Atlantic Ocean, making seismic here to accept the medal in his behalf. Not surprisingly, the early offshore work reflection and refraction measurements. Maurice Ewing was a physicist, a was limited by such things as a shortage of This tremendous amount of work would geologist, a seaman, a teacher. People in explosives; Dr. Ewing pointed out that he have been impossible without the physical each of these activities will tell you that could not hope to achieve the accuracy of and theoretical contributions of Ewing and their interest is what he valued above all: observation of which the oil companies his associates, which included development they were seeing one side of a many-faceted were capable simply because he couldn't of a new long-period seismograph and of a man whose capability and zest encom- make enough shots. Joe Peoples tells a tale new theoretical basis for interpreting the passed vast enterprises; who could organize that illustrates the state of oceanic velocity structure of the outer layers of the and execute work involving infinite detail, in the 1930s. One night Joe got earth. They were able to show that the while possessing the imagination to erect a call at his home in Middletown, Connec- crustal structure of the oceans, as defined at hypotheses synthesizing not only his own ticut. It was Maurice; he and Bert Crary a few locations by refraction techniques, work but the widely diverse work of others were downtown at a restaurant. Joe went characterizes the structure of nearly all the that must be taken into account if we are to to meet them and found that they were driv- oceans. understand what lies beneath the sea. And ing all night from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, As a vertebrate paleontologist, I must in doing this he gathered around him stu- to Woods Hole — Maurice in an ancient mention here the death blow that Ewing dents and associates who collaborated with Buick and Bert in an equally old Dodge dealt to a handy method used by my col- him in a variety of approaches to the study panel truck. Joe got in the Buick and as they leagues to get land animals from one place of the ocean — all of them pursued rigor- rode up to the Wesleyan campus the car to another. In 1949 he wrote: "If there have ously and imaginatively and resulting in ex- lurched over a bump. Joe remarked that the been land bridges across the main ocean ba- citing and useful contributions. This group car rode as if it were loaded pretty heavily. sins, we believe they must have been very of associates is one of Ewing's greatest "Yes," said Maurice, "I've got 500 pounds narrow, covering only a small percentage of legacies. of 80 percent dynamite in the trunk. Bert the total area of the ocean basin, and that The unifying theme of Dr. Ewing's has the caps in the panel truck." Obviously they do not cross any of the areas where we career, from his graduate student days, was satisfied with these safety precautions, he lit have made refraction measurements." seismic reflection and refraction. In 1928, a large cigar. Techniques of core recovery and of sedi- with H. M. Rutherford, he made seismic Dr. Ewing's 35 years of study of the At- ment study kept pace with geophysical measurements in coastal lakes of Louisiana lantic Ocean began with investigation of methods, and the combination of these lead as part of a search for oil-bearing struc- the Atlantic continental slope of North to thought-provoking hypotheses which tures. Nine years later, in the first major re- America aboard the Atlantis and the have had a major effect on the course of port on geophysical investigations of the Oceanographer. In 1949 he founded the subsequent research. Notable among these Atlantic Coastal Plain, he wrote, "The ex- Lamont (later the Lamont-Doherty) is the Ewing-Donn theory of ice ages;

Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 86, p. 1161-1168, August 1975, Doc. no. 50817.

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equally significant are analyses of the rela- RESPONSE BY tion between sedimentation and sea-floor HARRIET G. EWING spreading, the significance of turbidites, and climatic indications of ice-rafted de- Thank you, President Allen, and I thank tritus. To Ewing, the sea was not merely a also the members of the committee on the cover drawn over a part of the earth's sur- Penrose Medal, particularly Dr. Whitmore, face; it is dynamic. Reading his work, one for this excellent citation. feels that his motto could have been "The Naturally, above all else, we all wish that ocean is the engine of the world." Maurice Ewing were here to accept this Alexander wept for the lack of new medal himself. Were he here, I know he worlds to conquer; this was not Maurice would tell you of the esteem in which he has Ewing's problem. In 1969, as the culmina- always held the Penrose Medal. Were he tion of ten years' work and planning, the here, he would tell you how happy it made Apollo passive seismic experiment, de- him to be joining such a distinguished signed by Ewing and his associates, was group of geologists and so many good placed on the moon. By 1973 a network of friends as a Penrose Medalist. four stations was operating as "the princi- For myself, I can only say what you know pal means for determining the moon's in- already — that my husband was a great sci- ternal structure, physical state, and tectonic entist who had powerful gifts and a special activity." In 1969 Latham, Ewing, Press, knack for choosing important problems to and Sutton had written: "We stand at the work on. He was a vital and remarkable threshold of the most exciting experiment man in every way. I was greatly blessed in in ." That is where Maurice having been associated with him in his Ewing always stood. work for so long, and especially in being his wife. Mr. President, I present to you Mrs. It pleases me very much that he has been Maurice Ewing to receive the Penrose awarded this much-prized medal. Medal for her husband in recognition of all 1 thank you again, all of you, for many he did and of the work, inspired by him, happy times in the past and for this great that will continue for many years. honor you have given Maurice Ewing now.

Presentation of the Arthur L. Day Medal to Alfred Edward Ringwood

CITATION BY BRIAN J. SKINNER

The years following World War II people Jaeger attracted to A.N.U., and for his elucidation of the olivine-spinel brought great changes to Australia. among this stellar cluster the most produc- transition and the demonstration that it is a Foremost among them was the founding of tive, and certainly the noisiest, was Ted transition of significance in the upper man- an unusual institution, the Australian Na- Ringwood. His flood of ideas, forcefully tle. This contribution alone would guaran- tional University, on the sunburnt grass- presented and tenaciously defended, made tee his place in history, but he has done far lands of Canberra. The structure of A.N.U. the world stop and take note. more. He has demonstrated that garnets differs from other universities in Australia As the department grew in size and sta- and pyroxenes can also undergo high pres- in that it is composed of several research ture, it outstripped the School of Physical sure transitions and that they probably schools and a separate teaching unit for un- Sciences. Ringwood was one of the first to occur in the lower mantle. He is nothing if dergraduates. The research schools, which support the extraordinary step of making not versatile; his published contributions closely resemble institutes, are semi- the department a separate school. The uni- now exceed 150, range through lunar pe- autonomous units, and within their versity listened to various advisory commit- trology, the origin of planets, and genera- confines are most of the scholars responsi- tees, debated the problem, and with tion of several magma types to patents for ble for A.N.U.'s meteoric rise to interna- Ringwood's eloquent prodding, finally the extraction of rutile from ilmenite and tional prominence. created its newest school, the Research geological maps of eastern Gippsland. The Research School of Physical Sciences School of Earth Sciences. The importance Ringwood has written so much, spoken so was, from its inception, one of the most of the role played by Ringwood in the ten- widely, and had such an influence on our productive and prestigious: and within year drama may not be widely appreciated. thinking that further detailing of his Physical Sciences the Department of I suspect it was an essential role that may scientific contributions is hardly necessary. Geophysics, founded and headed by John one day be recognized among his most im- But there are some sides to Ringwood that Jaeger, was the most luminous unit. That it portant contributions to science. are not as well known as they should be. attained such luster was due to the brilliant Ted Ringwood is probably best known Before entering Melbourne University in

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1948, Ted was enrolled at Geelong Gram- swarms in the Deddick area of east Gipps- Arthur L. Day stated explicitly that he mar School. He did well in science subjects land he stumbled across some abandoned wished his award "to recognize outstanding but seems to have had trouble with history 19th century mine workings and within achievement and to inspire further effort, and English — though his flood of papers them found piles of galena lying around. rather than to reward a distinguished suggests he has overcome any deficiencies The sight kindled an immediate interest in career." How well those words "outstand- that may once have been present. He was economic geology. Using a pack horse he ing achievement" describe Ringwood's also a noted football player, starring in the transported great quantities of specimens work so far. About two years ago he told indigenous Australian rules game. through thick bush country for further me that he thought most of the big prob- When Ringwood entered Melbourne study. As he soon discovered, only a few lems in terrestrial geochemistry were done University, it was for an eight-year stay dur- grams of galena are needed for laboratory and those of the solar system were mostly ing which time he completed his B.Sc., work so most of the galena found its way to completed. He speculated that it might M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees. I did not meet the smelters for sale at prices sufficient to soon be time to turn to something more him during this era, but his name was continue his extravagant living. There were practical, perhaps economic geology. I am known to me through his exploits. When I other economic geology ventures too; one not sure just where Ringwood's future con- asked one of his colleagues to describe what occurred during the uranium boom and in- tributions will lie, and possibly Ted isn't Ted was like during his university days he volved reclassification of a tin mine into a sure either. We await with trepidation. But described him as a "wild lad, extremely ac- uranium prospect, another involved lime- one thing does seem certain, many further tive with beer, with attempts to make stone leases and a cement company, and a efforts and discoveries will flow from him. money, attempts to learn chemistry and third involved the successfully patented solve the riddles of the Earth so he could get scheme to extract Ti02 from ilmenite. Mr. President, with admiration for past on with the cosmos." Ted's extraordinary Fortunately for geology, Ted went to achievement and keen anticipation for the ingenuity and breadth is nowhere better Harvard in 1957 to work with Francis future, I take pleasure and pride in present- displayed than in one of his scientific adven- Birch, and this sparked him along his emi- ing Alfred Edward Ringwood, Arthur L. tures of this era. While mapping dike nent career in geochemistry. Day Medalist for 1974.

RESPONSE BY ALFRED EDWARD RINGWOOD

iniscences of my own. However, I'd better blages present in this region can be studied play safe and stick with my script. under controlled conditions and related to On a corresponding occasion a couple of observed seismic velocity and density dis- years ago, truly remarked that tributions. With the aid of shock-wave in- "No one man can ever win a medal of this vestigations and studies on model systems kind. It is an award that must be shared we can learn a great deal about the nature with his teachers, his colleagues, his stu- of the lower mantle extending to the dents, his family." I have been very fortu- boundary of the core. Classical problems of nate in all of these. petrogenesis, for example, the origins of Arthur Day was a scientist of great vision basaltic and andesitic magmas, are likewise who realized rather earlier than most of his yielding, largely because of the application contemporaries the dramatic progress of electron-probe microanalysis to the prod- which would result from application of the ucts of high P-T experiments. The combina- disciplines and techniques of chemistry and tion of these techniques has made it possi- physics to the problems of geology. He de- ble to study fractionation trends in complex voted a large part of his professional life "natural" magmatic systems as a function toward achieving a synthesis of these disci- of pressure, temperature, and other vari- plines and succeeded brilliantly. ables. I have always shared Day's fundamental There can be little doubt that we now optimism about the earth sciences, his con- have the capacity to solve most of the out- viction that most of the major problems re- standing problems concerning the nature lating to the earth's composition, constitu- and properties of the mantle and its mag- tion, dynamical behavior, and perhaps even matic evolution. This sets the stage for a its origin, were intrinsically soluble and fundamental enquiry into the nature of the would yield to a multidisciplinary experi- engine which drives plate motions, thereby As the recipient, I was asked to prepare mental approach. For this reason, the Day controlling the development of the earth in my acceptance remarks before the Medal has a very special meaning for me, time. Ultimately, we are confronted by that citationer was invited. Had I known in ad- and I would like to say how deeply honored most profound enigma — the origin of the vance that Brian Skinner, a countryman I feel to have been chosen as its recipient. earth. The challenges posed by these prob- and friend of long-standing, was to intro- These are exciting days for earth scien- lems will make the next decade as exhilarat- duce me, I would have known exactly what tists in general and for experimental pe- ing for earth scientists as was the last. to expect! trologists in particular. It is now possible to Thank you, Brian Skinner, for your very I can assure you that my prepared re- reproduce in the laboratory the entire range eloquent citation. Thank you very much, sponse which follows would have been of pressures and temperatures occurring in Mr. President and Members of the Society, somewhat different in tone. Indeed, it is the outer thousand kilometres of the mantle for making this such a memorable occasion tempting even now to reply with some rem- so that the nature of the mineral assem- for my wife and myself.

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CITATION BY GEORGE W. WHITE

According to the action of the Council of continued uninterruptedly to the present. which are effectively used by Dr. Ruhe in the Geological Society of America on He is the author of over 50 scientific papers answering the time question for his forms November 7, 1951, "The Kirk Bryan and of several monographs. His publica- and deposits. Award will be made to the author or au- tions are outstanding in Pleistocene geol- Before he gets to the solution of the thors of a published paper of distinction ogy, in geomorphology, and in soil science. "Iowan drift" in this monograph, he has set advancing the science of geomorphology or More recently his work in fluvial geomor- the stage most magnificently and has dem- some related field, such as Pleistocene geol- phology, particularly in karst terrains, has onstrated the presence of a "mini" Iowan ogy." become a major interest. surface in Adair County in the Turkey Most medals and awards are given to a Dr. Ruhe has brought unusually wide Creek region. Once the reader accepts the distinguished geologist for the whole of his geographic experience and scientific proffered explanation for this surface, it is contributions to geology or one of its abilities to the solution of a wide variety of necessary to accept the explanation for the branches. The Kirk Byran Award is made earth science problems. His research has much larger Iowan surface, which is then not for a long and fruitful career (which this been in the north-central , in described and analyzed. year's Bryan awardee certainly has had) the Southwest, in Africa, in Hawaii, in Those who have seen the sequence of but for one specific publication. The publi- Alaska, and with shorter excursions into cores across the Kansan drift area, from a cation on which the 1974 Bryan Award is various parts of Europe and Asia. He is thus paha with its buried Yarmouth-Sangamon based is Quaternary Landscapes in Iowa, a able to compare geomorphic and soil- paleosol and on to the lower surface where monograph of 255 pages, published in forming processes in various parts of the the paleosol disappears, are led to an accep- 1969 by the Iowa State University Press. world and apply them to ancient soils and tance of the explanation of the Iowan as an The publication has already received one geomorphologies in the north-central erosional surface, or as Dr. Ruhe writes, award as the best manuscript of the year by United States, which has not always had "Where is the Iowan drift that has been an Iowa author. the same kind of climate as at present. written about all these years? It does not Before commenting on the monograph it- Turning now to the monograph for exist; the Iowan plain ... is an erosion sur- self, it is fitting to say something about the which the award is given this year, face cut into the Kansan till. ..." Along man to whom the award is given. Robert Quaternary Landscapes in Iowa-. Most the way, Dr. Ruhe's work settles the origin Victory Ruhe was born near Chicago, Il- geomorphologists know this book best as of the pahas, making it clear that they are linois, is a graduate of Carleton College, the one that deals with "the problem of the outliers or remnants of older land surfaces. with a Master of Science degree from Iowa Iowan drift." That it does indeed, but the He has settled the age of Lake Calvin and State University and a book is far more than that. It is concerned its deposits and also the age of the Des degree from the University of Iowa. Upon not only with the present surface of the Moines lobe drift. graduation from college in 1942, he im- land but also with the various buried sur- It is interesting that the word "pediment" mediately entered the U.S. Marine Corps, faces in the state of Iowa. It is these buried is not listed in the index, nor can I find it in became a naval aviator, and rose to the surfaces which are proving to be more and the text, although he has written about ped- rank of captain. In 1946, he returned to more "interesting" to geologists and more iments in Africa and the Southwest. He academic studies. Upon completion of the and more important to planners, engineers, does talk repeatedly of "stairsteps, stair- doctor's degree and a short period on the and environmentalists. The book is written cases of levels with treads and risers, and faculty of Iowa State University, he was in not only for geologists but also for the gen- stepped levels" in Iowa. By doing so he the Belgian Congo for a year as a geomor- eral public. The explanations for the non- avoids any possibility of argument about phologist, after which he had a long and professional are inserted in such a way that the definition of pediments and the some- fruitful career until 1970 as research they do not impede the flow of argument times assumed semi-arid climate neces- geologist of the Soil Conservation Service of for the scientist. The arguments are closely sary for their origin; there is thus nothing the United States Department of Agricul- knit and designed to answer the questions to argue about in this direction. ture. During a part of that time, while he was "what, where, how, why, when." Using this In the latter part of the book, Dr. Ruhe based at Ames, he was also a professor of approach, Dr. Ruhe has taken up the sub- discusses landscape models from the stand- soils at Iowa State University. He has been a jects of soil morphology; loess composition, point of hill summits, hill slopes, and valley visiting professor at Cornell University and thickness, and variation; and the effect of features. He demonstrates that soils are an at Johns Hopkins University. In 1970 he as- weather on soil formation in interpreting essential part of any landscape, and he sumed his present position as professor of ancient climates. combines explanation of these landforms geology and director of the Water Re- Dr. Ruhe has brought together a catalog with the various soils occurring upon them. sources Research Center at Indiana Univer- of the scores of radiocarbon dates for Iowa This part is wisely set off from the remain- sity in Bloomington. Time does not permit and has used them for answering the ques- der of the monograph, so that the "general listing the many geological, soil science, and tion of "when" for the forms he discusses. public," which may not wish to follow the other societies of which he is a member or For those of us who work in the Allegheny mathematical analyses and descriptions in fellow. He is a member of various govern- plateau, where organic samples turn up detail can, however, see that the conclu- ment boards and other public bodies. about once every 5 to 10 years, we are en- sions are based on rigorous mathematical Dr. Ruhe's long record of publication vious of the mouth-watering illustrations of analysis. Those who delight in equations began while he was still a student and has buried wood, leaves, stumps, and so forth, and in mathematical manipulations will

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find much in this part of the monograph to RESPONSE BY ROBERT V. RUHE excite them. Before thanking George White for his It should be noted that the book is dedi- kind comments, may I make two observa- cated "to Barbara Mills Ruhe, who has not tions. Not only is he a distinguished only shared, but endured the Quaternary geologist, he is an eminent historian. He from Kakitumba to Ketchikan and may be trying to tell me something, for all beyond." She understands what a field of us know that a historian seldom speaks geologist does and how he must follow his or writes about anyone until the subject is geology into sometimes primitive and un- dead. In discussing this possibility with my usual places. close associate of the Holocene, Mrs. Ruhe said: "If you respond for more than two Mr. Chairman, the monograph for which minutes, you will be!" So, adhering strictly the award is made this year advances the to the democratic principle of home rule, I science of geomorphology, advances Pleis- now thank my good friend George White tocene geology, and soil science as well. It for the gracious comments in his citation, has become a classic in its own time. I pre- and I also thank the Division for the recog- sent to you for the Kirk Bryan Award of nition of about 25 years of work in this 1974, Robert V. Ruhe. Kirk Bryan Award.

Presentation of the O. E. Meinzer Award to R. Allan Freeze

CITATION BY JOHN D. BREDEHOEFT

The O. E. Meinzer Award in hydrogeol- ity in watershed response under the geology at the University of British Colum- ogy is given to the "author or authors of a influence of variations in rainfall properties, bia, in Vancouver. published paper of distinction advancing antecedent moisture conditions, and satu- Mr. Freeze began mathematical model the science of hydrogeology or some related rated and unsaturated subsurface hy- studies of ground-water flow during his as- field." This year's award goes to R. Allan drologic properties. This evidence for a sociation with Paul Witherspoon at Berke- Freeze for his analysis of the "Role of Sub- wide range of watershed response functions ley. He has published a number of out- surface Flow in Generating Surface leads to the development of a healthy skep- standing papers involving the use of digital Runoff' which was published in two parts: ticism toward black box rainfall-runoff computers for examining the components "1. Base Flow Contributions to Channel correlations, the concept of basin linearity, of subsurface flow, both with the Inland Flow," and "2. Upstream Source Areas" in and the rationality of hydrograph separa- Waters Branch and with IBM. He was the journal Water Resources Research. Part tion." awarded the American Geophysical 1 appeared in June 1972 and Part 2 in Oc- R. Allan Freeze was born in Edmonton, Union's Robert E. Horton Award for best tober 1972. Alberta, Canada, in 1939. He received his hydrology paper of 1970, and the American Mr. Freeze utilized a deterministic ap- B.S. in geological engineering from Queens Geophysical Union's James B. Macelwane proach to couple saturated-unsaturated University, Kingston, Ontario, in 1961. He Award in 1973 "in recognition of subsurface flow with unsteady channel flow received both an M.S. (1964) and a Ph.D. significant contributions to the geophysical in a fully three-dimensional mathematical (1966) from the University of California, sciences by a young scientist of outstanding model. This paper complements a number Berkeley, also in geological engineering. ability." of empirical studies by providing a better Mr. Freeze was a research scientist for theoretical understanding for runoff- the Hydrologic Sciences Division, Canada I take great pleasure in presenting the generating mechanisms that have been de- Inland Waters Branch, Calgary, Alberta, O. E. Meinzer Award to one of my close scribed by field investigators. The from 1961 to 1970, and from 1970 to friends and colleagues, A1 Freeze, for his significance of this research is best sum- 1973, a staff member of the Environmental outstanding contributions in furthering our marized in this quote from the abstract: Sciences Group, IBM Thomas J. Watson understanding of the relation of ground "The results of the simulations on a Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New water to surface water. hypothetical basin suggest a wide variabil- York. Since 1973 he has been professor of

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RESPONSE BY R. ALLAN FREEZE

was at this luncheon last year in Dallas will made in this group are far more important remember the thankyou speech of Bill Back, than the aquifers and finite-element models. when he and Bruce Hanshaw accepted this Aquifers don't laugh and cry and joke and award. Now there was a thankyou speech. fight like friends ao. From a long list of Bill thanked by name every member of the friends, I want to mention especially John Hydrogeology Division. He thanked 73 Bredehoeft, Pat Domenico, Bill Back, Steve percent of the geologists in the Water Re- Papadopoulos, Lois Elms, and Uri Shamir. sources Division of the USGS. In the middle And then there are the Canadians. he slipped in the names of three go-go danc- Nationalistic modesty has never been our ers from Tallahassee and no one even lot. It's been good to know and work with noticed. As he ran down the list, I recall him John Cherry, Bob Farvolden, Robert van scanning the audience, and as people Everdingen, Joe Toth, Bill Meneley, Earl started to doze, he thanked them. There Christiansen, Sid Whitaker, Don Lennox, were people waking up with a start all over John Gilliland, Myles Parsons, Denis De- the room. lorme, Albert vonHof, Emil Frind, George I would like to take the easy way out and Pinder, Jack van Schaik, Ira Brown, Joe just say that I want to thank everyone Bill Tremblay, and John Keys. thanked and sit down. But life isn't that I must also recognize my good fortune in simple and everyone must have their own having worked with many good coauthors, personal emphasis. (I don't know the go-go among them Dick Harlan, Jim Banner, girls from Tallahassee, for example). So let Gordon Stephenson, and my charming me, with your indulgence, embark on some Italian friend Beppe Gambolati. personal thankyous. The work that led to the papers men- First I must single out the two men who tioned in this award was carried on while I are most responsible for me being up here was at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Re- today: Peter Meyboom and Paul Wither- search Center. It was an exciting scientific spoon. environment, made so in our group by my I suspect many of the people in this room colleagues Sam Smart and Jim Wallis. I This, of course, is going to be a thankyou have not met my Canadian colleague of the must acknowledge their encouragement, speech. Being trained in the scientific 1960s, Peter Meyboom. That is too bad. the effect of our many bull sessions, and the method I naturally combed the literature of During the early '60s when he was carrying influence of the many hydrologists I met thankyou speeches in preparation for giving out his hydrogeologic research in the Cana- through them while I was there. Sam Smart this one. I was able to locate 6,473 thank- dian prairies, he brought his enthusiasm was originally a physicist and worked for you speeches for 1973 alone, and I found and his excitement with new discoveries to many years in magnetics before moving there was one obvious common de- all of us. He taught us to try new methods, into hydrological research. In his earlier nominator. To a man, the thankers made it to think new ideas, to strike out from the scientific incarnation he wrote a textbook clear that they could not have done what- tried and true, to understand not just how on magnetics and the dedication he wrote ever they had done alone. There is clearly much water there was, but also what was to his wife shows his delightful sense of only one way to make a breakthrough in going on physically, chemically, geologi- humor. He wrote: "Unlike those myriads of the field of thankyou speeches and that is to cally and hydrologically. other wives who have been extolled in dedi- claim that you did what you did alone. In At Berkeley, Paul Witherspoon took over cations, my wife did not encourage me to my case there is just one problem. It would where Peter left off, introducing me to just write this book, nor did she help me im- be patently untrue. So the new ground will enough mathematics and computer applica- prove my prose style, nor did she assist in remain unbroken and I ask you to prepare tions to guarantee my permanent addiction. the reading of proof, and in fact, she stead- yourself for a thankyou speech. It was the time of the revolutionary fervor fastly refused to have anything to do with First, it is a thankyou speech to the GSA of the Free Speech Movement of Berkeley, it. Nevertheless, I would like to dedicate it Hydrogeology Division for allowing my and there was no shortage of free speech in to her." name to be added to a very select list of the ground-water group. Paul and I and I, too, have a wife. Her name is Donna names. Second, it is a thankyou speech to Shlomo Neuman are not known for our and she would have loved that dedication. all those people without whom I wouldn't reticence in this regard, and it was left to So even though she isn't here and even be here (and whose fault it is that I can't Iraj Javendel to try and keep us all on an though I didn't write it, I'd like to steal break some new ground in thankyou even keel. Sam's theme. A hydrogeologist Donna speeches). Next, I want to say thanks to a group of ain't, and thank God for that. But I thank And here lies the problem. Anybody who close friends. To me, the friendships I have her for everything else, nevertheless.

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CITATION BY DAVID J. VARNES

Mr. Chairman, on behalf of the E. B. States, as well as elsewhere, he is known present situation placed in a context that Burwell, Jr., Memorial Award Committee and honored as an American in the directs our attention forward to the very of the Engineering Geology Division of the broadest and truest sense. great challenges to urban geology in the Geological Society of America, I wish to The E. B. Burwell, Jr., Memorial Award next few decades yet also, in immense vari- present to you our unanimous choice for is made to the "author or authors of a pub- ety and detail, portrays the ways in which this year's award — Robert F. Legget — for lished paper of distinction which advances geology has influenced, or should have his outstanding book Cities and Geology, knowledge concerning principles or prac- influenced, the form and development of published in 1973. tice of engineering geology, or of related cities, both ancient and modern. Lessons I need say little to you about the author fields of applied soil or rock mechanics are drawn from mistakes, for the theme of himself, for he has held the highest office, where the role of geology is emphasized. the book is taken from the words of Francis both of the Society and of this Division. Cities and Geology is a product of Dr. Bacon, "Nature to be commanded must be Deep down, he seems to be some kind of Legget's so-called retirement, after serving obeyed." In the closing chapter, much long-term and serious railway enthusiast. for 22 years as director of the Division of thought is given to specific ways and means But by concentrating his considerable ener- Building Research of the National Research by which, in our accelerated trend toward gies and intellect to the application of geol- Council of Canada. But in its breadth and urban existence, man's cities can, in ogy to engineering, he became, and has re- depth the book draws on Dr. Legget's McHarg's words, be designed with nature mained for many years, a leader in en- whole career and on his rich historical and not in opposition to it. gineering geology who is recognized and re- perspective, distills the work of many spected throughout the world. An English- others, and through clear and skillful ex- This is a much-needed and unique work man by birth and schooling, he is a Cana- position makes all this experience easily ac- by a unique man, and we are pleased to dian; but through his distinguished practice cessible and, in a very real way, part of our offer our recognition by means of the Bur- and administration of engineering and own. well Memorial Award. geology in both Canada and the United Here you will find in one volume our

RESPONSE BY ROBERT F. LEGGET

To be honored by one's peers, amongst Prague. The idea had started as a small whom are so many good friends, for a job paper but so vast is the subject that even a of work — however imperfect you know it fair-sized book can be but an introduction to be — is reward indeed. And to be as- to it. Dr. Zaruba's kindly advice was in- sociated with the name and memory of Ed valuable; he shared with me his own wide Burwell, whom I remember so happily and experience in this important application of so well, makes this occasion and the presen- geology. And he kindly contributed a tation of the Award something for which I Foreword to the book which you are so shall be always grateful. I thank the Divi- graciously honoring. sion and the Society for this distinct honor. May I commend to your attention the At the same time, I have a slight feeling of fact that both of our names appear on the guilt in that I was assisted by so many in title page — proof, if indeed proof were preparing Cities and Geology, and espe- needed, that the vital importance of seeing cially by Dr. Quido Zaruba of Prague in that geology is recognized in all urban and Czechoslovakia, that the award should regional planning knows no political really be shared. The Society has just hon- boundaries. It is, or at least it should be, a ored Dr. Zaruba — the dean of engineering matter of world-wide concern. As the vast geologists in Europe, as you will all know increase in world population speeds the — by electing him Honorary Fellow. I growth of cities all over the world, it is es- know how greatly he appreciates this, as sential that the place of geology — as the indeed do all Czechoslovakian geologists. starting point for all land planning— shall You can, therefore, imagine how I wish that be recognized and appreciated by planners. he were here today. It was for planners that my book was We talked together about a book on the written in the first instance; but their work importance of geology in the development can only be effective if it has public interest of cities on a lovely spring day in 1969 and support. Here is where we are all in- while walking in the woods south of volved since we must all get out of our ivory

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towers and do everything possible to see country. It is a strange commentary on the here and there to think seriously of the that geology becomes, once again, the way our science has developed that we are complexity, the antiquity, the grandeur, the "People's Science." I say "again" since this having to rediscover its usefulness. This, true poetry, of the commonest objects happy expression was used at least one however, we must do, and I leave with you around them, even of the stones beneath hundred years ago. I first encountered it in a the challenge to do all in your power to see their feet... if I shall have helped to open book by Charles Kingsley, the eminent that geology does again become the their eyes that they may see, and their ears British cleric and writer. The book was "People's Science." that they may hear, the great book which is called Town Geology. It was published in Charles Kingsley was an endearing writ- free to all alike, to peasant as to peer, to London in 1877, being the record of lec- er, despite the rolling cadences of the Vic- men of business as to men of science, even tures delivered in 1872. torian prose which he so naturally used. I that great book of nature which is, as Lord One is tempted to say, again, that "there would ask you, please, to take the closing Bacon said of old, the Word of God re- is no new thing under the sun" with the words of his little book on cities and geol- vealed in facts — then I shall have a fresh writer of Ecclesiastes. I have seen also an ogy as if they were mine, as I conclude these reason for loving that science of geology, ancient book on the geology of the cities of halting words of appreciation and thanks. which has been my favourite study since I Germany published many years ago in that "If I shall have awakened any townsman was a boy."

Printed in U.S.A.

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