Eßer / Frölicher (Hrsg.) „Alles in Meinem Dasein Ist Musik

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Eßer / Frölicher (Hrsg.) „Alles in Meinem Dasein Ist Musik Eßer / Frölicher (Hrsg.) „Alles in meinem Dasein ist Musik ...“ Kubanische Musik von Rumba bis Techno B I B L I O T H E C A I B E R O - A M E R I C A N A Veröffentlichungen des Ibero-Amerikanischen Instituts Preußischer Kulturbesitz Band 100 B I B L I O T H E C A I B E R O - A M E R I C A N A Torsten Eßer / Patrick Frölicher (Hrsg.) „Alles in meinem Dasein ist Musik ...“ Kubanische Musik von Rumba bis Techno In Erinnerung an Frank Emilio und Carlos Fariñas VERVUERT · FRANKFURT/MAIN · 2004 Bibliographische Informationen der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. © Vervuert Verlag, Frankfurt/Main 2004 Wielandstr. 40 - D-60318 Frankfurt/Main [email protected] www.ibero-americana.net ISSN 0067-8015 ISBN 3-86527-164-2 Alle Rechte vorbehalten Umschlaggestaltung: Michael Ackermann Abbildung: Luciano „Chano“ Pozo Quelle: Archiv Bohemia Satz: Anneliese Seibt, Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut PK Gedruckt auf säure- und chlorfreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier Printed in Germany Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort.............................................................................................. 11 I Gesellschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen Bert Hoffmann Krise und Transformation des kubanischen Sozialismus – ein Überblick ..................................................................................... 19 Torsten Eßer Sozialismus mit Rhythmus. Kubanische Kulturpolitik seit 1959 und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Musik ..................................... 33 II Kubanische Musikwissenschaft Yarelis Domínguez Benejam Wege der kubanischen Musikwissenschaft ....................................... 77 III Die Musik Kubas María Elena Vinueza Von Heiligen und Teufeln. Die Musik der afrokubanischen Religionen.......................................................................................... 87 Laura Vilar Masken und Spottgesänge. Klänge des kubanischen Karnevals......................................................................................... 105 Helio Orovio Rumba. Schule der Straße................................................................ 115 Interview. Der Trommler der orishas: Tata Güines ........................ 131 6 Inhaltsverzeichnis María Teresa Linares Musik der weißen Bauern. Der punto cubano ................................. 135 Interview. Sängerin vom Land: Celina González............................ 149 Ana Casanova Der changüí. Musik aus den Bergen Guantánamos......................... 155 Danilo Orozco Einheit in der Vielfalt. Die verschiedenen Formen des son in der kubanischen Musik.................................................................... 163 Interview. Modernisierer des son: Adalberto Álvarez..................... 185 Dulcila Cañizares Patrioten mit Gitarre. Die Sänger der trova tradicional .................. 195 Neris González Bello/Liliana Casanella Cué Vom Hafen ins Theater. Die guaracha............................................ 213 Raúl Martínez Rodríguez Geschichten von Herzblut und Liebeskummer. Der kubanische bolero............................................................................ 229 Radamés Giro Kubanische Musik erobert die Welt: danzón, mambo und cha-cha-chá ..................................................................................... 243 Clara Díaz Das Lied als Waffe. Protest- und Revolutionsgesänge der nueva trova ..................................................................................... 259 Leonardo Acosta Zwischen Havanna und New York. Wurzeln und Entwick- lung des afrokubanischen und afrolateinamerikanischen Jazz ........ 271 Interview. Initiator des Jazzfestivals: Bobby Carcassés .................. 287 Inhaltsverzeichnis 7 José Dos Santos Die Sterne des 21. Jahrhunderts. Neue Generationen kubanischer Jazzmusiker ................................................................. 289 Interview. Eine Supernova des Jazz: Gonzalo Rubalcaba............... 297 Liliana González Moreno Subversiv wider Willen. Rockmusik auf Kuba ............................... 307 Interview. Urvater des afrokubanischen Rock: Carlos Alfonso ............................................................................................ 325 Neris González Bello/Liliana Casanella Cué Ein Gegenentwurf zur salsa. Die timba cubana.............................. 331 Interview. Star der salsa cubana: Issac Delgado............................. 347 Grizel Hernández Baguer/Liliana Casanella Cué Eine spannungsgeladene Beziehung. Die Revolution und der Rap............................................................................................. 353 Interview. Hip-Hop “a lo Cubano”: “Orishas” ................................ 365 Joero 1008/ DJ Wichy 150 Beats in der Minute. Die Anfänge von House und Techno in Kuba ............................................................................... 369 Interview. Elektronische Klänge in der kubanischen Musik: Edesio Alejandro ............................................................................. 373 Victoria Eli Rodríguez Sinfonía a la Cubana. Kubanische Kunstmusik .............................. 379 Interview. Von der Klassik zum Film: Carlos Fariñas .................... 405 Interview. Kammermusik für’s Volk: Zenaida Castro Romeu........ 413 8 Inhaltsverzeichnis Iliana Ross González Vom Theremin zum Synthesizer. Elektroakustische Musik in Kuba................................................................................................. 419 Interview. Kubas elektroakustischer Pionier: Juan Blanco.............. 427 IV Kubanische Musik in den USA Raúl Fernández Vom mambo bis zur salsa. Die musikalischen Beziehungen zwischen Kuba und den USA.......................................................... 435 Steven Cornelius Oshun in New York. Geschichte der afrokubanischen Musik in Nordamerika................................................................................ 445 V Kubanische Musik in der Welt Patrick Frölicher “Spiel noch einmal für mich, Habanero”. Die Rezeption Kubas und kubanischer Musik in Deutschland................................ 459 Interview. Eine deutsche Sicht: Götz Alsmann ............................... 477 Guido Bimberg Cha-cha-chá und die Preußen. Kubanische Musik und die DDR................................................................................................. 487 Tarja Rautiainen Helles Nordlicht trifft die Tropen. Kubanische Musik in Finnland........................................................................................... 499 Ernestina van de Noort Eine Umarmung des Exotischen. Das Panorama der kubanischen Musik in den Niederlanden......................................... 507 Inhaltsverzeichnis 9 Shuhei Hosokawa Salsa ohne Grenzen. “Orquesta de la Luz” und die Geschichte der afrokubanischen und lateinamerikanischen Musik in Japan................................................................................. 517 Diskussion. Das Phänomen Buena Vista Social Club ..................... 535 Anhang Glossar............................................................................................. 547 Abkürzungsverzeichnis.................................................................... 559 Auswahlbibliographie...................................................................... 561 Diskographie.................................................................................... 583 Filme................................................................................................ 595 Rhythmus-Muster ............................................................................ 597 Autorinnen und Autoren.................................................................. 599 Personenregister............................................................................... 605 Kubanische Musik in Bildern .......................................................... 619 Vorwort “Alles in meinem Dasein ist Musik und Gesang ...”. Der Vers des kubanischen Poeten Nicolás Guillén drückt aus, was Musik den Men- schen auf der Karibikinsel bedeutet. Sie ist die erste der Künste. Na- hezu jedes Ereignis in Kuba wird von Musik begleitet: Wenn in Deutschland einem Bewohner die Decke seines baufälligen Hauses auf den Kopf fällt, gibt es eine Untersuchung des Falles und viel- leicht einen Prozess und ein Urteil. In Kuba macht jemand ein Lied aus der Sache und die Leute tanzen später dazu. Das ist die Art der Kubaner, mit Problemen fertig zu werden, erklärt Francisco Zayas von der Jazz-Gruppe Habana Sax.1 Aber auch international hat kubanische Musik nicht erst seit dem Buena Vista Social Club-Phänomen (BVSC) unzählige Menschen begeistert: “Mit unserer Musik haben wir Kubaner mehr Träume und Freuden exportiert als mit unserem Tabak, mehr Süße und Energie als mit all unserem Zucker”, schrieb der kubanische Ethnologe und So- zialwissenschaftler Fernando Ortiz schon 1950 im Vorwort zu seinem Werk La africanía de la música folklórica de Cuba. Spätestens seit den zwanziger Jahren des vorigen Jahrhunderts ist kubanische Musik in Europa und Deutschland bekannt und beliebt und hat ihre Spuren hinterlassen: Paris war zu jener Zeit das Mekka für lateinamerikani- sche/kubanische Musiker, die “Lecuona Cuban Boys” traten im Berlin der dreißiger Jahre auf,2 mambo und cha-cha-chá eroberten dauerhaft die Tanzsäle und -schulen in den Städten. Einige Jahre nach dem Sieg der Revolution von 1959 sah sich die kubanische Musik jedoch isoliert, einerseits durch die US-Blockade,
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